高考英语一轮讲义-高考高频考点名词性从句（学生版)

考点14 高考高频考点名词性从句（核心考点精讲精练）1. 高考真题考点分布附其它卷区考情分析2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】分析近年高考真题可知，名词性从句的考查在语法填空和写作中都是常考点。that和what是重难点。【备考策略】1.掌握名词性从句that和what的用法区别。2.掌握名词性从句if和whether的用法区别。3.掌握名词性从句who, whoever, why, where, how的用法区别。【命题预测】预测２０２５年高考语法填空对名词性从句的考查仍为考查重点。 考点一 主语从句主语从句：在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前；也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后。01 it充当形式主语的情况It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句易错提醒：当形容词为important, necessary, strange等或过去分词为suggested, requested, desired等时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”。It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。It is necessary that we (should) have breakfast.我们吃早餐是有必要的。It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。02 that、whether、if引导主语从句的情况Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter much.（从属连词引导）他是否回来都不重要。That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（从属连词引导）地球绕着太阳转是大家都知道的。03 连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句的情况Whoever comes here will be welcome.（连接代词引导）无论是谁来到这儿都很受欢迎。Whatever you can do helps.（连接代词引导）你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.（连接副词引导）我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.（连接副词引导）它们为什么突然消失了还是个迷？When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。易错提醒：what与that引导主语从句 that在名词性从句中具有“两无”“一不”特征——无意义、无成分，(除宾语从句外)不可省略。that在名词性从句中没有意义，而且不充当句子成分。that引导宾语从句作及物动词的宾语时可省略；在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不可省略。 what在名词性从句中具有“两有”“一不”特征——有意义、有成分，不可省略。what在引导名词性从句时，有一定的意义，一般可译为“……的东西/事情/话等”；what在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语，不可省略。I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.她告诉我，对她来说，最重要的是她的家人。考点二 宾语从句宾语从句：在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之后。I'm writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference.我写信是想告诉你，我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。We promise whoever attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。I don't know whether to set off for Beijing or not.我不知道是否出发去北京。01 it充当形式宾语的情况宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on＋it＋从句固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。I would appreciate it if you could take me into consideration.如果你能考虑我的话我将感激不尽。No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。02宾语从句的时态一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即主句是一般现在时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；主句为过去的某种时态，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。He says that he likes listens to music.他说他喜欢听音乐。I know that she didn't tell you that she would go to America next month.我知道她没有告诉你她下个月要去美国。He will tell us what happened to him during our absence.他会告诉我们，我们不在期间他出了什么事。主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词通常用相应的过去时。The boy said that there were no classes on Sunday afternoon.那个男孩说周日下午没有课。My Chinese teacher asked me if I was reading the book Red and Black when he came in.我的语文老师问我他进来时我是否在读《红与黑》这本书。如果从句表示客观事实或真理，不管主句的谓语动词是何种时态，从句都要用一般现在时。例.As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its own. I didn't believe it.孩提时，人们告诉我月亮自身不会发光，我不相信。03含有感叹句what/how引导的宾语从句Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.Sorry I’m so late, but you cannot imagine what great trouble I took to find your house..What some teenagers don't realize is how difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.04 that引导宾语从句不能省略的情况that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：a.动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；He said (that) the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it.b.宾语从句前有插入语时；We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。c.当it作形式宾语，后接that引导的宾语从句时。I don’t think it polite that they left without saying thanks to us.我认为他们不说声谢谢就离开是不礼貌的。d.宾语从句为主从复合句，从句位于宾语从句的前部时。I promised that if anyone came to set me free, I would make him king over the earth.我许下诺言，如果有人来释放我，我就让他成为世界之王。e.当that引导的从句位于介词except, but, besides, in等之后，作介词的宾语时，that通常不能省略。They share little in common except that they are from the same country.除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。考点三 表语从句01表语从句基础知识表语从句：在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前；也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后。Wh-类连接词引导的从句作表语时，一般不含疑问意义，而是表示具体的时间、地点、原因、方式等。The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。This is why they need an English trainer. (2023年新高考II卷)这就是为什么他们需要一个英语教练的原因。名师提醒：as if/as though引导表语从句as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。例1.The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到上面。例2. He looked as if he was going to smile.他看上去好像要微笑。02 表语从句重要句式(1)This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表示结果)“这/那就是……的原因”(2)This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表示原因)“这/那是因为……”(3)The reason why... is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……”名师提醒：如果主句的主语时reason, 表语从句的连接词用that, 不能用why或because。From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。The reason why he didn’t come is that he was ill.他不能来的原因是因为他生病了。考点四 同位语从句同位语从句:放在名词之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具体内容。同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分，但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether, when, where, why, how等引导。3．接同位语从句的常见名词：fact, news, idea, truth, hope, evidence, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, word(消息)等。名师提醒1：有时名词和同位语从句被谓语等分割开来。例1. I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school，would be different.我对自己做出承诺：今年——我上高中的第一年——将会与以往不同。例2. I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information.我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的他的信息。例3. You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。名师提醒2：同位语从句的结构与定语从句的结构极其相似，但同位语从句是对前面的表示抽象概念的名词的内容作进一步地解释说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制。区分技巧：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。that引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. (同位语从句)他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.(定语从句)你昨天告诉我的消息真的令人失望。考点五 名词性从句五大易错点辨析No. 1 从句中缺少主语或宾语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选择以下连接代词：what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever)。通常情况下，which是在语境中提供了范围才会使用，否则，指事物时使用what(ever)。What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句，what在从句中作主语)她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。The employers often give the job to whoever they believe has work experience with a strong sense of duty.(宾语从句，whoever在从句中作主语)雇主们经常会把工作给他们认为有工作经验并且有强烈责任感的人。Whichever book he bought would be paid for.无论他买了哪一本书，都要付款。No. 2 从句中不缺少主语或宾语，缺少状语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少状语成分，此时则用连接副词when, where, why, how, how many/much等带有语义的连接词。Some students even have no idea why they are studying, so they waste much time playing（连接词在从句中作原因状语）有些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习，所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿。She always thinks of how she can work well. (宾语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作状语)她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。No. 3 that与what的用法辨析No. 4 whether与if 的区别(1) 表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导，不用if；当主语从句放于句首时，也常用whether引导，不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面时用whether或if引导均可，但是如果被后置的主语从句中含有表选择意义的or时，必须用whether；与or not直接连用时，也必须用whether。例1. Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem. (主语从句放于句首) 是否要开会仍然是个问题。→The problem is whether the meeting will be held. (表语从句) 问题是是否将举行会议。→I have no idea whether the meeting will be held. (同位语从句) 我不知道是否将举行会议。例2.It is doubtful whether/if he will come here. (主语从句放于句末)他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑。例3.It makes no difference whether he comes or not. 他来不来无关紧要。(2)whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用，但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定的区别。a．在及物动词后例1. I don't care whether or not he comes..(whether与or not连用)例2. I don't know whether to go there.(whether＋to do)b．在介词后在介词后常用whether，不用if。It depends on whether you can do the work well.那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。No. 5 that不可省略的情况(1) that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时，that不可省略。例. That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.他考试不及格，这使他父母很失望。that引导表语从句或同位语从句时，一般不可省略。The truth is that I didn't go there.事实是我没有去那里。The news that our team has won is true.我们队赢了的消息是真的。No. 6 wh­ever和no matter wh­的区别wh­ever既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter wh­只能引导让步状语从句。I will give this dictionary to whoever wins the first prize in the English contest.(宾语从句)我将把这本字典赠给在英语竞赛中获得一等奖的人。Whoever/No matter who wins the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him.(状语从句)不管谁在英语竞赛中获得一等奖，我都会把这本字典赠给他。No. 7 表示“要求，建议，命令；坚持”的词后跟名词性从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋do”，其中should可以省略如，坚持insist；命令order, command；建议advise, suggest, recommend；要求demand, desire, require, request等。例子1. The boss ordered that the task (should) be completed by noon.(宾语从句)老板命令(我们)在中午之前完成任务。例2. The doctor's advice is that I (should) rest more and drink more.(表语从句)医生建议我多休息、多喝水。典例一 主语从句Of all the 12 Chinese zodiac animals (生肖动物) ,the dragon is one of people’s favorites. When people name newborn babies, long is a frequently selected character, especially for boys born in the Year of the Dragon, as it is hoped they will grow as strong and energetic as a dragon.典例二 宾语从句I want to know _______________ it is worth doing.A．until B．unless C．whether D．before典例三 表语从句At the end of the adventure, we had to choose to live in a cave. That’s_______________we could shelter from the snowstorm.典例四 同位语从句Catching sight of the sunrise and sunset, Kua Fu suddenly hit upon an idea he wanted to race against the sun to see who ran faster! 1．How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in is now northwestern Wyoming. 2．It is necessary that initiatives calling for alternative transportation modes (support) to keep company with these efforts, and unsustainable practices, such as reliance solely on private vehicles, be disposed of in the near future.3．Oliver says if you’re (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them you can join in when it’s possible. 4．Traditional martial arts have brought a concrete and natural way of life in line with their inner selves. They are young people and traditional Chinese culture blend (融合).5．There is evidence urban racoons are more intelligent. 6．As a matter of fact, the media doesn’t show the world are other automobile accidents; research over the past several years has shown that flying is the safest method of transportation. 7．According to was released by China’s State Council in August last year, the country aims to establish at least one university for elderly people in every county-level region by 2025.8．No one knows the animals have walked so far away from their original habitat. 9．I read about it in some books or other. Does it matter it was? 10．According to the theory, (spend) 20 minutes in a park daily helps to reduce stress, regardless of people exercise in it or simply take a walk. 1．On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in is now northwestern Wyoming. 2．If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 3．Scientists have discovered the remains of appears to be an ancient sheep-drawn chariot (战车) near the famous Terracotta Army in the western tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. 4．I couldn’t believe the news he had lost the match.5．There is some doubt she will come tomorrow. 6．The boy expressed his hope he would be a pilot when he grows up．7． our brain works is being studied by the scientists. 8．It’s said government workers now make, on average, 30% more than private sector workers. 9．I have sent Miss Green an invitation to our party, but I don’t have the slightest idea she will accept it. 10．Word came the students would put off the outing until next week, when they wouldn’t be busy.1. （2024北京卷）It’s easy to explain how we determine 38 smells are dangerous or not: we learn.考2.（2024全国甲卷）How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ________ is now northwestern Wyoming.3.（2024浙江1月卷）If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 4.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空）This is 62.　　　　　　 they need an English trainer. 5.（2022年浙江1月）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely.6.（2021年北京卷）The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived．7.（2021·天津高考真题）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas.A．whether B．why C．what D．when考点题型名词性从句语法填空2024 试卷类型从句考点2024北京卷whether宾语从句2024·全国甲卷what宾语从句2024年1月浙江高考真题what表语从句20232023·新高考Ⅱ卷why表语从句20222022年浙江1月if/whether宾语从句20212021新课标Iwhat主语从句连接词that，whether，if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when，where，how，why在从句中作状语引导词作用连接词that, whether, if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what, who, whom，which，whichever，whatever, whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when, where, how, why在从句中作状语句式用法示例主句+what+(a/an) + adj. +n+主语+谓语what是感叹形容词，中心词必须是名词。You can't imagine what a mistake I made.你无法想象我犯了多大一个错误。主句+how+ adj/adv+主语+谓语how是感叹副词，直接修饰形容词或副词。You have no idea how excited I was when I received the gift.你不清楚我收到礼物时多么激动。引导词作用连接词that, whether只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what, who, whom, which，whichever, whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when, where, how, why在从句中作状语特点用法示例what是连接代词，既起连接作用又作句子成分what作从句主语What he had hoped at last came true. 他希望的事终于成为现实。what作从句宾语Her interest was aroused by what he said.他的话引起了她的兴趣。what作从句定语What few visitors we have are always made welcome.对不多的游客我们也表示欢迎。what作从句表语He is not what he was ten years ago. 他不再是十年前的他了。that是连词，只起连接作用不作句子成分that引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句。That she lacks experience is obvious. 她缺少经验，这是显然的。My idea is that you shouldn’t have left the country. 我的意见是你不应该离开那个国家。He gave us a suggestion that we should practise speaking English in class.他建议我们在课堂上练习说英语。