2026年寒假预习译林版八年级下册英语Unit 1-4 知识点+重点短语+练习题（无答案）

这是一份2026年寒假预习译林版八年级下册英语Unit 1-4 知识点+重点短语+练习题（无答案），共29页。试卷主要包含了 n， change， cmfrtable adj等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. past and present 过去和现在
past 1). n. _____ the past(一般过去时) 2). adj. in the past few years(现在完成时)
3). prep. walk past 经过
present 1). n. 现在, 目前 _______ present 2). n. 礼物 receive a present
3). adj. 现在的；在场的
4). v. 颁发 present sb. _________ sth. = present sth. _________ sb.
2. change
1). v./n. 改变, 变化 changes in/int …
The twn has changed a lt ver the years.(v.)
= There have been great changes ver the years. = Great changes have taken place ver the years.
2). n. [U] 零钱. Here is yur change. 这是你的零钱。
3. transprt at different times 不同时期的交通工具
transprt n. [U] 交通车辆, 运输工具 the types f transprt
time n. [C]时期 ____ different times在不同的时期 n. [C]次数,倍数
4. get arund the city 环游这个城市
5. used t ______ sth. 过去常常做某事 be / get used t ding sth. ______________
6. cmfrtable adj. 舒适的 ________________ v. 使...舒适
cnvenient adj. 方便的 cnvenien____ n. 方便
ver the last 40 years 在过去的四十年中 ver the past century 在上个世纪中
ver prep. 在...期间 通常表示的是从现在算起的过去几年，与______________连用
8.in abut 40 years 在大约四十年里
9.the rise f Shenzhen 深圳的崛起
rise n. v. ______________ 过去式___________ The Sun ___________ in the east.
10.the city f innvatin _____________
innvatin n. 创新 _______________ v. innvat________ adj.
11. suth n. suthern adj. in _______ _________ f = in the ____________ part f
Eg.广州在广东省南部。
Guangzhu is _________ ____________ ___________ ____________ Guangdng Prvince.
= Guangzhu is ________ ________ ___________ _________ _______ Guangdng Prvince.
12.a tp high-tech city 一个顶尖高科技之城 high-tech _______
13.in China’s refrm and pening up __________________
14._____ the very heart f 在...的最核心 very _______ 最...的，十足的
15.be the hme _______ 在...的所在地
16.technlgy = tech n. technlgy industries __________ tech giants __________
17.lead the mve frm ... t ... 领导从...到...的改变
lead v. __________________ n. _________________ take the lead _________
mve n. ________________ a mve t/away frm sth.
18.Made in China 中国_____造 Created in China 中国_____造
19.a wealth f ____________ wealth n. 大量；财富 wealth___ adj. 富有的
20.cultural facilities __________ cultural adj. __________ n. facility n.
21.many excellent cultural and educatinal activities 许多优秀的文化教育活动
excellent adj. 优秀的，杰出的，极好的 excellen___ n.
educatinal adj. _________________ n. _________________ v. 教育
22.win _____ award frm ______________ award n. 奖，奖项
23.be a rle mdel f _______________ sth. (做...)的模范
24.amng the public 在公众之中 public n. _____________ adj. ______________
25.imprve the quality f life fr its citizens 为它的市民改善生活质量
imprve v. _____________ = _______ ________ imprve___________ n.
26.a city planner n. 设计者；规划者 ___________ v. 计划
27.____________ the late 1970s ______上世纪七十年代_________ since prep. 自从...
28.______ ______ amazing speed 以惊人的速度 _____ a _____/_____ speed 以高/低速
29.a symbl f China’s develpment ________________
the symbl f ...的象征 symbl______ v. 象征
develpment n. ________ the develpment f 随着...的发展 _________ v. 发展
the city’s pineering spirit 城市的进取精神 pineer______ adj. ________ n.
31.creativity n. 创造力 _____________ v. 创造 creat______ adj. 有创造力的
32.the key __________ ...的关键；诀窍 key n. 关键；琴键 adj. 关键的
33.make a / ne’s living by __________ 以...谋生
34.the living cnditin___ 居住环境
cnditin n. (pl.)状态；______________ the ___________ cnditin__ 工作环境/条件
cnditin n. ____可数 _________ in gd / bad cnditin 处于良好的/糟糕的状态
35.in recent years recent adj. ________________ adv. 最近
36.feel hpeful 感到满怀希望 hpe v. n. hpe_____ adj. 绝望的
38.pinin n. 看法;想法 _____________ pinin 在某人看来
39.It is cmmn fr sb. t d ... 对于某人来说做...是普遍的 cmmn adj.
Grammar 现在完成时
1.构成: have\has+过去分词 (过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)
2. 四个基本句型
肯定句 He has finished the wrk.
一般疑问句 Has he finished the wrk? 回答 Yes, he has. N, he hasn’t.
否定句 He has nt finished the wrk.
特殊疑问句 What has he dne?
3.用法（定义）:
A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，
强调对现在造成的影响或结果。
The car has arrived. 车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）
Smene has brken the windw.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）
B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并将有可能持续下去，
可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,
如fr+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词hw lng等。例如：
My uncle has wrked at this factry fr five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。
Hw lng have yu been here? 你来这里多久了？
一段时间以来，总共发生的次数。
Hw many times have yu read the Harry Ptter series? 哈利波特你看了多少遍？
4.练习
( ) 1. I can’t find my ntebk anywhere. I’m afraid I __________ it.
A. lseB. lstC. have lstD. was lsing
( ) 2. In the past few years, many schls ________ the ways f ding mrning exercises.
A. changeB. changesC. will changeD. have changed
( ) 3. Ww! Yu _________ dinner! Let’s eat nw.
A. ckB. are ckingC. will ckD. have cked
( ) 4. Our team ______ anther pint! I am sure we will win the game.
A. will getB. has gtC. is gettingD. was getting
( ) 5. I heard a new sng n the radi. I ___ high and lw in the music stre, but I can’t find it.
A. searchB. have searched C. am searching D. will search
( ) 6. This museum ____ here fr ver 80 years. It ____ ne f the ldest buildings in this city.
A. is; wasB. had been; isC. was; has been D. has been; is
重点短语
1.不同时期的交通运输 ________________________________________________
2.乘坐高铁/飞机______________________________________________________
3.舒适又方便_________________________________________________________
4.深圳崛起___________________________________________________________
5.创新之城___________________________________________________________
6.中国南方的一座城市_________________________________________________
7.中国改革开放的先锋_________________________________________________
8.在城市的最核心_____________________________________________________
9.一个技术产业的重要中心_______________________________________________________
10.许多技术巨头的所在地________________________________________________________
11.从“中国制造”到“中国智造”_____________________________________________________
12.非常丰富的文化设施__________________________________________________________
13.为市民提高生活质量__________________________________________________________
14.几乎所有的公交和出租车都使用绿色能源________________________________________
15.以令人惊叹的速度发展_____________________________________________
16.成为中国发展的象征_______________________________________________
根据提示完成单词或短语。
We shuldn’t frget the pr life in the (过去).
D yu knw what yu shuld d at (现在)?
I’ve (刚才) heard the gd news abut ur life.
It (曾经) be difficult t get drinking water here.
I plan t d histry prject n the _ (变化) in my hmetwn ver the years.
There are different frms f transprt at different (time).
Daniel (change) a lt. He used t play cmputer games, but nw he desn’t.
根据中文提示完成句子。
创新正是这座城市的核心。
the city.
电动公交车产生更少的空气污染和噪音。
and .
这座城市的开拓精神，加上市民的努力和创造力，无疑是深圳成功的关键。
The city’s
f its citizens, __________________________________________________ Shenzhen’s success.
首字母填空
Dear Mark,
I’m s glad that yu will cme t Nanjing during the hliday. Yu said yu wanted t knw smething abut t 1 in Nanjing. Well here is sme advice n hw t travel arund Nanjing.
The fastest way t cme t Nanjing is by p 2, f curse. The airprt is abut twenty m 3 bus ride away frm the dwntwn. And yu can get ff at Xinjieku. The undergrund in Nanjing has been in use s 4 2005.
I wnder hw lng yu will s 5in Nanjing and what places yu are
i 6in Maybe yu want t travel arund the city. It’s a gd i 7 t hire a taxi. And the driver will tell yu mre a 8 the city. And yu said yu panned t g t Shanghai as well. Yu can g there by t 9. The high-speed railway is very mdern. And the trip frm Nanjing t Shanghai will take less than tw h 10.
Unit 2 Amazing China
1.accrding t the seasn and weather 根据季节和天气 accrding t ____________
2.I prefer ging n the rides. 我更喜欢去玩高速游乐设施。
prefer _________ sth. prefer ding t ___________ 更喜欢做某事
ride ____ 供骑乘的游乐设施 a rller caster ride 坐一趟_______
3.Fast rides scare me. 高速游乐设施使我害怕。 scare v. _________
4.explre beautiful Nanjing 探索南京
explre v. _____________ explre__ n. 探索者 explr___________ n.
5.rest in lwer reaches f the Yangtze River 在长江下游
rest v. 在于，存放于 rest in ____________
reach n. 河段，直水道 the _________ / lwer reaches f Nile 尼罗河的上/下游
rich in histry and culture 丰富的历史和文化
rich ______ 大量含有的；富有的；丰富多彩的 be rich in
Oranges __________ rich in vitamin C. 橙子_____维生素C.
This area _________ rich in wildlife. 这个地区的野生动植物_______。
7.a ppular turist attractin 一个受欢迎的旅游胜地
attractin n. 向往的地方；有吸引力的事 _____________ v. 吸引
Hngshan Frest Z in Nanjing is a ___________ attractin.
红山森林野生动物园是南京一个主要景点。
The exhibitin _________ _________________ _________________ ___________ visitrs.
展览已经吸引了成千上万的参观者。
8.the best-prtected and lngest city wall 保护的最好、最长的城墙
best-prtected ________ 保护最好的
9.a gd chice fr first-time visitrs 首次来访游客的一个好选择
chice n. ______________ v. have n chice but t d _________________
10.histric buildings 历史建筑 histric adj. 历史上著名/重要的 histrical ____
11.be well wrth a visit 非常值得一游 be well wrth __________ sth. 非常值得做某事
The city is well / really wrth _______________. 这个城市非常值得一游。
a famus centre f knwledge and learning 一个著名的学问中心
learning ____ 学问，知识，学习 a wman f great learning ____________的女子
13.besides its many universities 除了许多大学（还有）
besides prep. _______________
beside prep. ____________ beside the university 在大学_______
university n. 大学 _____ university 一所大学
14.the city is als prud f the Cnfucius Temple 城市也以夫子庙为骄傲
be prud f __________________ = take __________ ______
15. the highest educatinal bdy in ancient China 古代中国最高的教育机构
educatinal adj. 有教育性的 ____________________ n. 教育
bdy n. 机构；部门；__________
构成不定代词 smebdy everybdy bdybuilding adj. __________
take a bat trip alng the nearby Qinhuai River 乘船沿着附近的秦淮河游览
take a bat trip 乘船游览 nearby _______ 附近的
17.It is a gd way t enjy the ld-time vibes there. 在那儿感受旧时光氛围的一种好方式。
it is a gd way t d sth. ________________________
vibes n. (pl.) 氛围；气氛；情绪 in gd / bad vibes 好/坏情绪
18.n the banks f the Yellw River sits a famus city 坐落在黄河边的一座著名城市
bank n. ________；银行；库 a databank __________
The Museum f Lndn is n the nrth bank f the Thames. 伦敦博物馆在泰晤士河北岸。
sit v. __________ A bus is ___________ utside. 外面停了一辆巴士。
19.ne f the birthplaces f Chinese culture 中国文化的发源地之一
birthplace n. 发源地；出生地 birthday n. at birth _________
20.used t be the seat f pwer f thirteen dynasties 曾经是十三个朝代的权力中心
used t d sth. _______常常做某事（暗示______不做）
the seat f pwer __________________ the seat f gvernment 政府_______
dynasty n. 朝代 the Tang Dynasty 具体朝代首字母___写
21.the Lngmen Grttes are a must-see 龙门石窟是一个必看的景点
must _____ 必做的事 must-see _____ must-buy _____
22.ver 2300 caves 超过2300个石窟 cave n. _________
23.ancient stne carving art 古代石刻艺术 carving n. _________ carve ______
24.frm hme and abrad ___________ abrad _____ (在)国外
_____ hme and abrad __________ __________ abrad 在国外工作
________________________________________ study 去国外深造
25.admire ____ 欣赏；钦佩 admir________ n.
Yu have t ________________________________ Cecilia handled the _______________.
你不得不佩服塞莉西娅处理这个局面的手段。
26.be sure t make yur way t ...
be sure t d ___________ make yur way t ... __________
Be sure t __________ yur _____________ my regards. 务必代我向你的家人问好。
27.the central part f Shaanxi Prvince 陕西省中部
central _____ 在中心的，中央的 _______________ n.
central Lndn 伦敦______ central bank __________
28.a business trip 一次商务/公务之旅
business n. 商务，公事；商业 ______ business 出差
29.a wnderful mix f ancient villages, muntains and water 一个古村、山水很棒的结合
mix n. 混合，结合 v. 混合 mix____ adj. mix up __________
30.They wn’t cme back until next weekend. 直到下周末他们才会回来。
nt ... until ... 直到 直到某一时间，某一行为才发生，之前该行为没发生
until / till cnj. 直到 表示某一种行为一直持续到某一时间，然后停止
31.send a message t sb. 给某人发消息 message n. 手机/电子邮件______；消息
32.keep a rich cllectin f artwrks 保存丰富的艺术品收藏
artwrk n. 艺术品 一件艺术品 _____ __________ _____ artwrk
33.classical gardens 古典花园
classical ________ 古典的 classic _________ 最优秀的；典型的 n. _____
_____________ music 古典音乐 ____________ and _________ dance 古典与现代舞蹈
34.the Chinese peple’s struggle during the difficult perid 中国人民在艰难时期的奋斗
struggle n. 奋斗，努力 v. 奋斗__________；斗争_____________
a pwer struggle _______的争斗
perid n. 时期 a tw-year perid = a ___________ f tw ___________ 两年时期
重点短语
1.中国的旅游景点_______________________________________________________________
2.根据季节和天气改变___________________________________________________________
3.看起来像一幅水彩画___________________________________________________________
4.比起...更喜欢做某事____________________________________________________________
5.中国古都之一_________________________________________________________________
6.位于长江下游_________________________________________________________________
7.丰富的历史和文化_____________________________________________________________
8.一个受欢迎的旅行目的地_______________________________________________________
9.城墙有超过600年的历史_______________________________________________________
10.世界上保存最好、最长的城墙__________________________________________________
11.初次到访的游客的一个很好选择________________________________________________
12.非常值得游览________________________________________________________________
13.古代中国最高等级学府________________________________________________________
14.在夜晚乘船沿着附近的秦淮河游览______________________________________________
15.中国文化的诞生地之一________________________________________________________
16.十三个朝代的政权所在地______________________________________________________
17.最精美的古代石刻艺术样本之一________________________________________________
18.自然爱好者的完美选择________________________________________________________
19.数以千计的国内外游客________________________________________________________
20.梦幻般的云海，令人赞叹的瀑布________________________________________________
一、选择。
1. —He has never been t Hangzhu befre, ____________ he?
—_____________. It’s the third time he has been there.
A. hasn’t; Yes, he hasB. hasn’t; N, he hasn’t
C. has; Yes, he has D. has; N, he hasn’t
2. Everyne is here _________ Tm and Lily. They _________ Shanghai.
A. except fr; have been t B. besides; have gne t
C. beside; have been t D. except; have gne t
3. --- ______ Tm with his sister _________ the Leaning Twer f Pisa? --- Yes, nly nce.
A. Have; been in B. Has; been t C. Has; gne t D. Have; been t
4. The mdern city is quite different frm what it _______ sme ways.
A. was used t be in B. used t by C. used t be in D. was used t being in
二、词汇。
1. We’re very happy t see the beautiful ______________________(旅游景点) f Beijing．
2. My cat sat (cmfrtable) n the sfa.
3. Diancha is an ld traditinal activity, which started frm the Sng (dynasty).
4. The Greater Bay Area lies in the (南方的) part f China.
5. When I passed the Qinhuai River, I saw sme visitrs _______________________________ (乘船游览) alng the river.
三、句子。
1. 环绕着树的湖看起来像一幅水彩画!
The lake ____________________________________________________ a waterclur painting!
2. 南京有着丰富的历史和文化，长久以来一直是人们喜爱的旅游胜地。
______________ histry and culture, Nanjing _________________________________________.
3. 洛阳市中国文化的发源地之一，曾是十三个朝代的政权所在地。
Luyang ____________________________________________________ f Chinese culture and
_______________________________________________________ thirteen dynasties.
4. 每年春天，成千上万国内外游客前来赏花。
Every spring, ___________________________________________________________________
cme t admire them.
Unit 3 The wrld at ne click
1.at ne click 点击一下 click n. 点击
2.____ amazing city clse t the west cast f England一座靠近英格兰西海岸令人惊叹的城市
clse t _________
cast n. 海岸，海滨 a trip _____ the cast 海滨旅游
3.a visit t this lively city is a must 游览这座活力之城是必做的事
lively _______ ____________ must ____ 必做的事 必看_________
4.enjy live music 享受现场音乐 live ______ 现场演出的 adv. __________
5.secnd t nne 无人能及
As an actress, Cecilia Yip is _____________________________. Cecilia的演技无人能及。
As a ______________, Angie Chiu is secnd t nne. Angie的舞技__________任何人。
6.whether yu are a ftball fan r nt 无论你是否是一名足球迷
whether r nt ______________________
7.get a real taste f the city’s ftball culture 真正体会到这座城市的足球文化
taste _____ 感受；体验；尝试
This is my first ___________ f _________ _____________. 这是我初次在现场看戏。
8.take in a slice f Liverpl’s culture 体会一部分利物浦文化
take in _________________ slice n. 部分；片，块 a slice f tast
9.there is n dubt ... _____________ dubt n. v. 怀疑 n dubt ___________
____________________________ at all that we did the right thing. 毫无疑问我们做得对。
10.a bit f everything __________ a (little) bit f 一点儿
11.It is fun cunting dwn t midnight ... 半夜倒计时是有趣的
It is fun ____________ sth. 做某事是有趣的 cunt v. cunt dwn ________
It’s _________ _________ fun ___________ t a party _______ ___________ __________.
独自一个人去参加聚会没什么意思。
12.the Changing f the Guard 卫兵换岗
guard n. 卫兵，看守；保卫 China Cast Guard ____________
13.be full f excitement excitement n. 激动；兴奋 excit___ adj. excit______ adj.
14.in persn ___________ = _________________
15.sign up fr a swimming training 报名游泳训练
sign up ________ sign v. 签名；签约 training _____ 训练，培训
16.fit int the trip 适合这次旅行
fit _____ 使适合（某情况）；（________、_______）合适
fit sb./sth. in/int sth. 找到时机(见某人做某事)
I had t ________ ten appintments __________ ne mrning. 我得一上午安排十个约见。
17.prefer t pay nline instead f in cash 更喜欢在线支付而不是用现金
prefer t d prefer ding t ____________ 更喜欢做某事
instead f (_________) 代替，___________
pay nline __________ in cash ___________ pay in cash = a cash payment
____ nging prject 一个正在进行的项目 nging ______ 仍在进行的，不断发展的
19.an imprtant prf f the cmmunicatin 一个交流的重要证明
prf n. 证明 the prf f ...的证明 ________________ v. 证明
cmmunicatin n. 交流 cmmunicatin technlgy __________
_____________________ v. 交流
20.I see yur pint, althugh I still prefer real travel.
我明白你的意思，尽管我依然更喜欢真正的旅行。
see ne’s pint __________ Let me see. _______________
althugh cnj. ________________ 不和_______连用
_______________ the sun is shining, it ____________ warm. 尽管阳光灿烂，却不很暖和。
21.cmplete yur nline trip 完成你的在线游览
cmplete v. 完成=____________
cmplete adj. 完成的=________________
adj. 完全的，彻底的，全部的 a cmplete change ______________
I __________ _________________ the cmplete ___________. 我已经收集了全套。
I nly need ne mre card t ______________ the _______. 我只差一张就集齐全套了。
22.N crwds and cmpletely free. 没有拥挤完全自由。 cmpletely ______ 完全地
I __________ _______________ _______________ her name. 我已完全忘了她的名字。
23.I tured all fur flrs ... 我总共...游览了四层
tur v. n. 旅游；巡回演出 tur_____ n. 游客 tur_____ n. 旅游
a guided tur 导览 a tur guide _________ a wrld tur
be n _______ _________________ tur f sp. 进行一个某地八天的旅行
24.zm in n the artwrk t see every detail 放大艺术品以便看清楚每一个细节
zm in/ut ________________ zm v. 快速移动
Traffic ____________ ____________ us. 车辆从我们身边疾驰而过。
重点短语
1.在线导游告诉你关于它们的一切_________________________________________________
2.一个了解地方的有趣的方式_____________________________________________________
3.在线参观一个地方更加方便_____________________________________________________
4.仅仅点一下（鼠标）___________________________________________________________
5.作为著名流行乐队的诞生地_____________________________________________________
6.绝无仅有_____________________________________________________________________
7.无论你是否是一个足球迷_______________________________________________________
8.真正品味到城市足球文化_______________________________________________________
9.博物馆和文化建筑的数量_______________________________________________________
10.在英国仅次于伦敦____________________________________________________________
11.花一些时间游览______________________________________________________________
12.毫无疑问____________________________________________________________________
13.最吸引游客的景点之一________________________________________________________
14.在新年前夜__________________________________________________________________
15.看巨大的水晶球从天而降______________________________________________________
16.自从1907年以来的一个传统___________________________________________________
17.对人们来说一个放松的好地方__________________________________________________
18.更喜欢在线支付而不是用现金__________________________________________________
19.丝绸之路沿线不同文化交流的一个重要证据______________________________________
20.包括一些高质量的3D影像____________________________________________________
阅读理解
The wrld we live in is becming a “village”. Every day, thusands f peple travel t different cuntries. They are sightseeing, studying, wrking r vlunteering. Maybe in the near future, yu will als be ne f these peple.
Living in a freign cuntry is an exciting and als life-changing experience (经历) .
Yu can enjy beautiful sights, taste many Kinds f fds and meet different peple. Mst imprtantly f all, yu can try living a new lifestyle and maybe even a part f the lcal culture.
Yur steretypes (刻板印象) are brken dwn. Yu might be surprised t find French
peple are nt always "rmantic (浪漫的) . Americans dn’t eat McDnald's all the time.
Hwever, yu may als experience culture shck (文化冲击) and yu may feel uncmfrtable and sad. Nt everybdy thinks like yu r des things the way yu always d. Their tea tastes different. They dn't talk excitedly in restaurants. It is nt better r wrse. It is just the cultural differences. What yu can d is change yur mind, take in the differences and respect them.
In fact, that is maybe the mst interesting part f living abrad. If yu dn't try t change yur way f thinking, there's n pint in leaving hme at all. It's better t be pen t new experiences.
1. Which f the fllwing is NOT TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. A lt f peple travel t anther cuntry fr different reasns tday.
B. Yu may have quite different experiences in a freign cuntry.
C. The wrld we live in is becming smaller and smaller in size.
D. Ging abrad desn't always make yu feel happy and excited.
2. What des "that" in the last paragraph mean?
A. Leaving hme and ging abrad fr further study.
B. Experiencing hw peple d things in different ways.
C. Enjying beautiful sights and tasting different kinds f fd.
D. Making friends with peple frm different cuntries.
3. Why des the writer write this article?
A. T shw hw peple in different cuntries d things differently.
B. T tell difference between cuntries arund the wrld.
C. T advise us t have an pen mind t cultural differences.
D. T shw hw t ur wrld has becme a small village.
Grammar Present Perfect Tense 语法专题：现在完成时
一、知识结构
1.用法：
1). 动作发生在过去，并持续到现在，还有可能持续下去；
2).动作发生在过去, 并对现在有影响；
3).动作到现在为止已经发生过多少次了。
2. 结构: has/have + 过去分词
3. 句式: 肯定句: 主语 has/have dne sth. 否定句: 主语 has/have nt dne sth.
一般疑问句: ---Has/Have主语 dne sth? ---Yes, 主语has/have. ---N, 主语hasn’t/haven’t.
4.三词组 两结构
5.与一般现在时的区别
二、思维导图
三、三词组
have gne t, have been t, have been in区别及应用
have gne t表示去了某地，还没回来，当事人并不在说话现场，通常用于第三人称。
have been t表示去过某地，已经回来了，当事人不在某地，是指一次经历。
have been in / at 后面一般跟地方，表示来到某地到达某地，当事人还在某地。
have been后面一般加职业，身份，here, there, abrad. 如: I have been a teacher fr 7 years.
四、两结构
fr tw mnths fr +时间____ Jim has lived here fr 2 mnths.
since last year since +时间____ Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ag
since +时间段+_______ since+________过去时态句子
五、转换：在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用
e.g.：He has bught the bk fr 3 years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间fr 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：
① He has bught the bk. (去掉一段时间fr 3 years)
② He bught the bk 3 years ag. (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)
③ It’s 3 years since he bught the bk. = 3 years has passed since he bught the bk.
(改为固定句型 It is ---since---)
④ He has nt bught the bk fr 3 years. (改为否定句)
⑤ He has had the bk fr 3 years. (用延续性动词have代替buy)
举例如下：
①cme/arrive/get t/reach → be here
e.g：I have cme here fr 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been here fr 3 years.
②leave/g → be away
e.g.：He has left fr 3 hurs.（错） 改为：He has been away fr 3 hurs.
③begin/start → be n
e.g.：The film has begun fr 3 minutes.（错）
改为：The film has been n fr 3 minutes.
④pen →be pen clse → be clsed
e.g.：The shp has pened fr 3 years.(错) 改为：The shp has been pen fr 3 years.
⑤die → be dead
e.g.：His father has died fr 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead fr 3 years.
⑥finish/end → be ver
e.g.：He has finished the wrk fr 3 days.(错)
改为：The wrk has been ver fr 3 days.
⑦jin 例：I have jined the army fr 3 years.(错)
改为：I have been in the army fr 3 years. 或I have been a sldier fr 3 years.
⑧buy/catch → have
e.g.：I have bught the bike fr 3 years.（错） 改为：I have had the bike fr 3 years.
He has caught a cld fr 3 days.（错） 改为：He has had a cld fr 3 days.
⑨brrw → keep
e.g：I have brrwed the bk fr 3 years. （错）
改为：I have kept the bk fr 3 years.
归纳如下：
leave --- be away brrw --- keep buy --- have die --- be dead begin/start --- be n
finish --- be ver fall ill ---be ill get up---be up catch a cld --- have a cld
put n--- wear cme/becme/g --- be here/ there fall asleep --- be asleep
t/ arrive/reach --- be (in) get t knw --- knw
jin---be a member f ... (成为…的一员)
pen --- be pen clse --- be clse break --- be brken
get up --- be up marry --- be married becme --- be lse --- be lst
六、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在【 】联系；
现在完成时为过去已经发生的（不一定结束）或完成的动作或状态，
强调造成的【 】对现在的【 】。
I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday ）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
2.一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：
… ag, nce, lng lng ag, ne day, in the ld days, in the past, at the age f ..., in 2018
last week/mnth/..., this mrning, just nw, the day befre yesterday, yesterday ...
3.结构：
（1）一般过去时：主语+be动词/实义动词_________+其它。
（2）现在完成时：主语+have/has+动词___________+其它。
4.注意：如果询问或介绍某事所发生的具体时间或地点，只能用【 】
-- When __________ yu ___________ yur phne? 你什么时候弄丢了你的钥匙？
-- I ___________ it this mrning. 我今天早上弄丢了它。
练习：
一、写出以下常用瞬间动词的相应延续性动词：
1. arrive at/in sw. get t/reach sw. cme/g/mve t sw. → have been in sw./at…
2. cme/g back/return → ____________
3. cme/g ut →___________
4. becme →________________________
5. clse / pen →_____________________
6. get up →________________________
7. die →________________________
8. leave sw. →________________________
9. fall asleep/get t sleep →___________
10. finish/end/cmplete →___________
二、用fr或since填空
1.My family has wned a ship ___________ 1920.
2.My family has wned a ship ___________ many years.
3.I have had a cld _________ last Mnday.
4.I have had a cld __________ 5 days ag.
5.I have had a cld _________ 5 days.
三、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. --- I ________________ (see) the film Ztpia.
--- Where and when ________ yu __________ (see) it? --- Last week.
2. Mary __________ already ____________ (have) her supper.
3. I __________________ (nt want) t see the film. I _______________ (see) it with my parents.
We _________ (see) it last Sunday.
4. ---_________ Uncle Wang ______________ (mend) the TV yet? ---Yes, he____________.
---When ___________ he ____________ it? --- Yesterday.
5. __________ yu _______ (read) tday’s newspaper yet?
6. They _________ already ___________(d) their hmewrk.
But they dn’t knw what _________ (d) next.
---__________ yu __________ (see) the film last night?
---N, I _______________ (see) it fr several times.
8. Judy ________________ (be) ill fr three days.
9. My partner ____________ (buy) a bk fr me yesterday.
He _______ already __________(pay) fifty yuan fr it.
10. She ____________________ (nt read) this bk befre.
11. __________ yu ever _______________ (travel) n a train befre?
12. --- ____________ Judy ___________ (cme) yet?
---Yes. She ____________________ (cme) already. She ____________ (cme) just nw.
13. ---Hw lng __________ yu _____________(learn) English? ---Fr mre than tw years.
14. They _______________ (live) in China since they ____________ (mve) t China.
15. Hw lng _________ I ___________(keep) this bk?
16. S far I ________________(make) quite a few friends here.
17. ---Hw lng _____________ the Wangs _______________(stay) here ? ---Fr tw weeks.
18. They ______________________________ (nt arrive) yet.
19. When I was in primary schl, my mther _______________ (drive) me t schl everyday.
20. Nick _________________ (live) here since he ____________ (mve) t the animal city.
Hw lng __________ Nick ___________ (live) here?
When __________ Nick __________ (live) here?
Unit 4 A gd read
1.a gd read 一个好读物 read ____ 读物，书 ____________________ 必读书
A gd read ________ ________ a great friend. 一本好的读物就像一个好朋友。
2.crash against the rcks 撞到石头上
crash v. 撞击，碰撞 against prep. ________________
3.be tired ut _________= be wrn ut be tired f ________ sth. _______(做)某事
4.mve up ver my stmach 攀上我的肚子
stmach n. 腹部；胃 pl. stmach___ stmach _____ 胃疼
5.fall ver _________ 强调摔倒的动作 ver prep. 从一边到另一边 表示位置变化
fall dwn ____________________ fall asleep _____________
6.cntinue mving 继续移动
cntinue ___________ 继续做某事=g n _______________ sth.
The rain _______________ ______________ all afternn. 这场雨整整一下午都下个不停。
7.manage t break free 设法逃脱
manage t d sth. _________________ break free ____________
We _______________ ________ ________ ________ the airprt ________ time.
我们设法及时赶到了机场。
8.a huge army f tiny peple 一大群小人 army n. ________；军队
an army f ___________ 一大群 ________ the army 参军
9.cme straight twards me 径直朝我来
straight adv. 径直；笔直地 Cme straight hme after schl. 放学后_______回家。
adj. 笔直的 draw a straight line 画一条直线
10.discuss which bk t read 讨论读哪本书
discuss v. 讨论=_________ ___________ _________________ n.
11.hand in their bk reviews 上交他们的书评
hand in _______________ review n. _________ v. ___________
put up a timetable 张贴一张时间表
put up _____________ timetable n. 时间安排；时间表
13.be unwilling t publish it 不愿意出版它
unwilling _______ 不愿意的 be (un)willing _______ _______ sth.
14.say n t pirated bks
say n ________ pirate vt. 盗印，窃用 n. 盗版者；海盗
15.have difficulty getting the bk published
have difficulty / _____________ / _______________ (in) ___________ sth. 做某事有困难16. return them within a mnth 在一个月内归还它们
return v. 归还=_________ back v. 返回=_________ back
within prep. 在...之内 _____________ prep. 没有
17.my reading jurnal 我的阅读日志
jurnal n. 日志 keep a jurnal 记日志 _______________ n. 旅行
18.a faraway island 一座偏远的小岛
faraway adj. 遥远的 far away frm _________
island n. 岛 _______ island 一座小岛
19.thugh he ften gets int truble with his friends 尽管他经常陷入朋友的责难
thugh / althugh cnj. 尽管，虽然，即使 get int truble ___________
重点短语
1.现在读一些好的东西___________________________________________________________
2.探索一个男孩丰富的内心生活___________________________________________________
3.以第一人称___________________________________________________________________
4.游得尽可能快_________________________________________________________________
5.和我小拇指一样大小___________________________________________________________
6.设法成功逃脱_________________________________________________________________
7.一大群小人___________________________________________________________________
8.做一个故事的思维导图_________________________________________________________
9.为...写一个书评________________________________________________________________
10.给出我喜欢或不喜欢它的原因__________________________________________________
11.遵守这些规则________________________________________________________________
12.中国文学的爱好者____________________________________________________________
13.翻译成超过80种不同语言_____________________________________________________
14.有机会做某事________________________________________________________________
15.拒绝盗版书__________________________________________________________________
16.小心保护他们的版权__________________________________________________________
17.有困难做某事________________________________________________________________
18.没有作者的同意______________________________________________________________
19.在一个月内归还书____________________________________________________________
20.陷入麻烦____________________________________________________________________
Grammar
一．动词不定式
(1)“v. +疑问词+（n.）+t d”:
疑问词包括疑问代词what，which，wh和疑问副词hw，when，where等。如：
We haven't decided which rm t live in. 我们还没决定住哪个房间。
(2)在“疑问词+动词不定式”结构前，也可以是如sure，clear等的形容词。如：
I'm nt sure hw t lk after the dg. 我不确定怎么样照顾这个狗。
(3)“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句中可以改成由该疑问词引导的从句。如：
I dn't knw what t d. = I dn't knw what I shuld d. 我不知道应该做什么。
(4)“疑问词+动词不定式”结构还可以在句中做主语和表语。如：
Hw t deal with the prblem is very imprtant t us.
如何解决这个问题对我们来说很重要。
(5)“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中若不定式部分的动词是不及物动词，其后的介词或副词不能省略。如：
I dn't knw wh t talk with abut this bk. 我不知道和谁讨论这本书。
【拓展】
1.“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语时，相当于一个由该疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如：
Excuse me. Can yu tell me hw t get t the bkshp?
= Excuse me. Can yu tell me hw I can get t the bkshp？
2.“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，
经常放在tell, shw, teach, learn, knw, wnder, discuss, remember, frget等后作宾语。例如：
The teacher tld the students hw t d the experiment. 老师教学生如何做实验。
（句中tld含有taught的意思）
The yung wman desn’t knw what t d. 那位年轻女子不知道怎么办。
（句中what不能改换成hw）
He tells me hw t answer all the questins in English. 他告诉我怎样用英语回答所有的问题。
（句中的hw不能省去）
3.如何表达“怎么办”
在翻译“怎么办”时，许多同学译成hw t d，实际上是犯了汉语式英语的错误，
“怎么办”的实际意义是“做些什么”，故应用代词what作动词d的宾语，而不用副词hw。
只有在表达“怎样做这件事”时才说hw t d it。
巩固练习
1.( ) I am ging camping this Saturday. I’ll call Tm t make sure________.
A. which t startB. what t startC. wh t startD. when t start
2. ( )In the past the pr didn’t have warm huses________.
A. t live in itB. t live inC. living inD. t live in them
3. ( )We have tw rms________, but I can’t decide________.
A. t live; t chse which neB. lived; chse which ne
C. t live in; which ne t chseD. live; which ne
4. ( )-There are many hair clips fr yu t ________. -But I dn’t knw________t buy.
A. chse; whatB. chse; which
C. chse frm; which D. chse frm; what
5. ( )-Mr Wu has recmmended many bks. Have yu decided ________ first?
-Yes. The Little Prince.
A. hw t readB. which t readC. when t readD. where t read
6. ( )Elsa desn't knw ______ abut her wrries.
A. wh t talkB where t talk t C. wh t talk tD. hw t talk
7. ( )There are ______ interesting bks in ur library that I dn't knw _________ at first.
A s many; what t read B. s much; which t read
C. s many; which t read D. s much; what t read
8. ( )I'm ging n a field trip but I haven't decided ______ .
A. what t dB. t d whatC. where t gD. t g where
9.( ) The cmputer desn't wrk well. I dn't knw ______ .
A. hw t dB. what t d itC. hw I can dD. what t d
10.( ) - I'm nt sure ______ t d with my prblem.
- Why nt ask yur English teacher fr help?
A. whenB. what C. hwD. which
二．Must和have t
1. must与have t是两个常用的情态动词，两词后面都接动词原形。
(l) must表示主语有义务“必须”做某事，强调说话人的主观看法，主要用于肯定句和疑问句；
must还可以表示肯定推测，意思是“一定”。
have t强调的是客观需要，意思是“不得不”;have t有人称和数的变化。
(2)must的否定形式是must nt，其缩写为mustn't，表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。
have t的否定形式是d nt have t表示“不需要，没有必要”，缩写为dn't have t。
I must wrk hard at my lessns. 我必须努力学习功课。(主观意愿)
I have t lk after Judy at hme fr she is ill. 我得在家照看朱迪，因为她病了。(客观需要)
Yu mustn't make any nise in class. 上课时你们不许吵闹。
2.注意
(1) have t表示“必须”，“不得不”，在这个意义上与must很接近，
但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have t 表示的却是客观需要。
Yu have t wrk hard t make a living. 为了谋生你就得努力工作。（客观需要）
Yu must d what I tell yu. 你必须按照我告诉你的去做。（主观要求）
(2) have t有更多的时态形式：现在时，过去时，将来时等，而must只有现在时形式。如：
We had t be there at 8. 我们得8点到那里。
I shall have t g t schl tmrrw. 明天我得去上学了。
巩固练习
( )Yu _______ smke in public.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. wuldn't D. may nt
2. ( )It's late. I wn’t be able t find any bus hme. I_______ sleep here.
A. must B. have t C. has t D. had t
3. ( )All passengers ________ g thrugh the safety check befre they take a plane.
A.can B.may C.must D.ught
4.( ) We need clear air and water, s we ________ prtect the envirnment.
A. can B. may C. must D. might
5. ( )--- Must I return the dictinary tday?
--- N, yu _______ . Yu ________ keep it until next week.
A. mustn't; canB. dn't have t; can C. needn't; shuldD. dn't have t; shuldADDIN CNKISM.UserStyle