专题02 语法填空之提示词为名词或代词（知识清单）（含答案）2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单（全国通用）

这是一份专题02 语法填空之提示词为名词或代词（知识清单）（含答案）2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单（全国通用），文件包含专题02语法填空之提示词为名词或代词知识清单原卷版2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单全国通用docx、专题02语法填空之提示词为名词或代词知识清单解析版2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单全国通用docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共37页， 欢迎下载使用。

01提示词为名词思维导图
02名词单数变复数归纳
(1)若提示词为名词，则有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数：
①有数词或these、thse、several、few、many、all、varius、different等词修饰时用名词的复数形式；
②名词前有ne f、 amng时用名词的复数形式；
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应用名词的复数形式。
(2)以结尾的单词除了两人(Negr、her)、两菜(tmat、ptat)加es外，其余一般加s；
(3)单复数同形：Chinese、Japanese、peple、sheep、deer、fish等；
(4)特殊变化：man→men、wman→wmen、tth→teeth、ft→feet、child→children、muse→mice等。
(5)可数名词变复数的规则变化
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Pupils withut umbrellas r raincats crwded in (drway) hping t make it hme between shwers.
2．In additin t ur daily (expense), we have t spend quite a lt n ur daughter’s further educatin.
3．Animal rights (advcate) argue that zs are really animal prisns and very ften cruel.
4．Tw (suspect) were declared t be inncent fr lacking cnvincing evidence.
5．It’s bad (manner) t break in while thers are speaking.
6． (millin) f sldiers lst their lives in Wrld War Ⅱ.
7．One f the clear (feature) f mdern banking is its dependence n cmputers.
8． (arch) f McDnald’s are painted gld nly t make them beautiful.
9．As he spke, his nse, lng thugh it was, became at least tw (inch) lnger.
10． (analysis) f these samples prvide a different slutin t the prblem.
03名词所有格归纳
1.名词所有格：表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加's或’。
my sister's telephne 姐姐的电话
Jnes’ rm琼斯的房间
Nurses’ Day护士节
Teachers’Day 教师节
Wemn’s Day 儿童节
Wmen’s day 妇女节
2.表示两者各自所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加’s；表示两者共有，在最后名词词尾加’s。
Tm’s and Lucy’s rms are bth n the secnd flr. （汤姆和露西各有一个房间）
汤姆的房间和露西的房间都在二楼。
This is my father and mther’s bedrm. （爸爸和妈妈共用一个卧室）
这是我爸爸和妈妈的卧室。
3.表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如：
We bught bread at the baker’s. 我们在面包店买了面包。
The package is waiting fr yu at the dentist’s. 包裹在牙医诊所等你。
She stayed at Mary’s last night. 她昨晚住在玛丽家。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．I have a tthache, and have t g t the (dentist) every ther day.
2．It is unwise t underestimate yur (ppnent) strength and intelligence.
3．The main purpse f the curse is t imprve (student) reading ability.
4．Jiazi culd be stuffed with different kinds f meat and vegetables accrding t (peple) favurite tastes.
5．The turist center is far away frm here indeed.It’s tw (hur) walk.
01 名词转化为形容词归纳
1.提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。
He bught an expensive watch. 他买了一块昂贵的手表。
2.提示词为名词，如果表语或者宾语补足语，则一般考查名词变形容词。
She lks healthy after exercise.运动后她看起来很健康。
This kind f music always makes me relaxed. 这种音乐总能让我感到放松。
3.名词后后缀变形容词
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．He wanted his sns t becme strng and (athlete) like himself.
2．Smetimes it’s hard t understand a persn by his (face) expressins.
3．In 2019, he was selected by the BBC as ne f the mst (influence) celebrities f science.
4．In frnt f the classrms, there was a playgrund which gt (dust) n windy days and muddy n rainy days.
5．The new park is designed t be (access) t peple with disabilities.
6．It was abslutely (essence) t separate crps frm the areas that animals used as pasture.
7．He is ging t make a (remark) achievement in his field.
8．It is true that the dg is the mst useful and (faith) animal in the wrld.
9．Keeping a diary in English is ne f the (effect) ways t imprve English.
10．Inspired by the (fantasy) scenery, I decided t create a waterclr painting f the small bridge ver the park’s pnd, surrunded by blming flwers.
02名词转化为动词归纳
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.We need t _____________(strength) ur team spirit thrugh regular grup activities.
2.The cmpany plans t _____________(length) the prduct warranty t attract mre buyers.
3.Teachers ften _____________(curage) students t ask questins during class.
4.Overfishing cntinues t _____________(danger) many marine species in the cean.
5.Yu shuld _____________(aplgy) t yur friend if yu hurt his feelings by mistake.
6.Peple always _____________(sympathy) with thse wh face unexpected difficulties in life.
7.We can _____________(beautify) ur neighbrhd by planting mre flwers and trees.
8.Wrkers need t _____________(clsss) these dcuments by their creatin dates first.
9. This traditinal dance frm _____________(rigin) in rural cmmunities, where it was perfrmed t celebrate harvests.
10. The witness was able t _____________(identity) the thief frm a lineup f suspects.
01 提示词为代词如何确定形式
提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下空处所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
1．若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，则应考虑人称代词的主格形式；
2．若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式；
3．若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，则应考虑形容词性物主代词；
4．若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，则应考虑反身代词。
02 提示词为代词思维导图
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．It was full f ideas that were new t (I), s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk.1.
2．T save class time, ur teacher has ( we ) students d half f the exercise in class and cmplete the ther half fr hmewrk.1.
3．The bk n the table is (my) and that ne is yurs.1.
4．After cmmunicating, I fund that Jack’s wrld seemed s different frm (I).1.
5．The yung girl sn recvered (she) and stpped crying.1.
6．The teacher reminded us t behave (we) during the schl trip.
7．I am prud f him, wh is ccupying (he) with his wrk and devting himself t helping thse in need.1.
8．Ireland’s beautiful cuntryside has always had a great influence n (it) peple and traditins.1.
9．He als had a gun with which he culd defend (he).1.
10．The classes are different frm in China. Each teacher has (they) wn classrm and the students mve arund every lessn.
01含反身代词短语
1.介词+反身代词
in neself本身,本质上
f neself 独自
t neself供自己用
fr neself替自己,为自己
by neself 单独地
between urselves 私下说的话(不可告诉别人)
2.动词+反身代词
amuse neself自娱
excuse neself自我辩解
enjy neself过得很快活
teach neself自学
make neself understd 让别人懂自己的意思
seat neself坐下
behave neself 举止得体
dress neself 打扮
3.动词+反身代词+介词
help neself t 随便吃；自取（食物、物品等）
devte neself t 献身于
speak t neself自言自语
make yurself at hme 别客气
apply neself t 专心致志于
accustm neself t sth使自己习惯某事
adapt neself t sth使自己适应某事场合
用法
示例
一般情况下
在词尾直接加-s
muth→muths, huse→huses
-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词
在词尾加-es
glass→glasses, bx→bxes, church→churches, brush→brushes
辅音字母+-y结尾的名词
变y为i再加-es
cuntry→cuntries, factry→factries
元音字母+-y结尾的名词
在词尾直接加-s
hliday→hlidays, mnkey→mnkeys
辅音字母+-结尾的名词
直接加-es
her→heres, ptat→ptates
元音字母+-结尾的名词
直接加-s
z→zs, zer→zers
元音字母+-结尾的名词
特殊直接加-s
pht→phts, kil→kils, pian→pians
以-f,-fe结尾的名词
变f或fe为 -ves
wife→wilves, wlf→wlves
以-f,-fe结尾的名词
直接加-s
gulf→gulfs, rf→rfs, belief→beliefs, safe→safes
单复数同形的名词
单复数同形
deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species
合成名词的复数
主体名词变复数
passer-by→passers-by, lker-n→lkers-n
合成名词的复数
无名词最后加-s
grwn-up→grwn-ups, g-between→g-betweens
场合
示例
名词+y
ice→icyy 结冰的fur→furry 毛皮的
guilt →guilty内疚的 health→healthy 健康的
名词+ ed
spt → sptted 有斑点的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
talent→talented 有天赋的 crwd→ crwded 拥挤的
名词+ ful/less
pain →painful 痛苦的beauty →beautiful美丽的
value →valueless 不值钱的fear→ fearless 不怕的
名词+ able
fashin→ fashinable时尚的cmfrt→cmfrtable 舒适的
prfit→ prfitable有利可图的reasn→reasnable合理的
名词+ us
curage→curageus勇敢的 danger→dangerus危险的
mystery →mysterius神秘的 pisn→pisnus 有毒的
名词-ce结尾
inncence →inncent无辜的 evidence →evident 显然的
ignrance→ ignrant 无知的 patience→patient 有耐心的
名词+-al
grammar→grammatical 语法的glbe→glbal 全球的
agriculture→agricultural 农业的 culture→cultural文化的
名词+-ly
friend→friendly 友好的 lve→lvely 可爱的
day →daily 每日的mnth →mnthly 每月的
材料名词+-en
wd→wden 木制的 wl→wlen 羊毛的
gld →glden 金子般的 silk→silken丝质的
名词+-al
chemistry →chemical化学的 physics →physical 身体的
plitics →plitical 政治的 eclgy→ eclgical 生态的
名词+-cial
face→ facial 面部的 cmmerce →cmmercial 商业的
finance →financial 金融的 benefit →beneficial 有益处的
其他后缀
energy→energetic精力充沛的 strategy→strategic 战略的
self→selfish 自私的 science→scientific科学的
场合
示例
名词+-en
strength→strengthen 加强length→lengthen 加长
en+名词
curage →encurage 鼓励 danger →endanger使濒危
名词+ize/ise
aplgy →aplgize道歉 sympathy →sympathize同情
名词+ -ify
beauty→beautify 使美化 class→classify分类；归类
02 名词复数形式拓展
一、外来词汇的复数形式
criterin → criteria 标准
phenmenn → phenmena 现象
analysis → analyses 分析
basis → bases 基础
crisis → crises 危机
bacterium → bacteria 细菌
medium → media 媒体
curriculum → curricula 课程
二、复合名词的复数变化形式
1.没有连字符，最后一个名词变复数
husewife → husewives, bkshelf → bkshelves
2. 有连字符，将复合名词中主要的名词变复数
passer-by → passers-by, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law
3.组合成复合名词的单词中没有名词，在最后加-s
g-between → g-betweens, grwn-up → grwn-ups
4.man，wman为复合名词第一部分时，两部分皆变为复数
a man ck → men cks, a wman teacher → wmen teachers
5. 由 by/girl等+名词构成的将第二个词变成复数
by friend → by friends girl friend → girl friends
lady driver → lady drivers maid servant → maid servants
三、特殊的复数形式
1. 单数形式代表复数含义的三个词：（谓语动词永远用复数）
peple人们 plice 警察 cattle 牲畜
2.只用复数形式表达的词汇服装类：
trusers裤子 pyjamas 睡衣裤shrts短裤 jeans 牛仔裤
scissrs剪刀glasses 眼镜scales 天平cmpasses圆规
3.复数形式可以表示特别的意义
custm 习俗- custms 海关
frce 武力- frces 军队
gd 好处-gds 货物
green 绿色- greens 绿叶蔬菜
hair 头发- hairs 几根头发
irn 熨斗- irns 镣铐
letter 信- letters 文学
lk 看- lks 外表
manner 方式- manners 礼貌
paper 纸- papers 文件；资料
sand 沙- sands 沙滩；沙地
spirit 精神，灵魂- spirits 烈酒
time 时间- times 时期; 时代潮流
water 水- waters 领海; 大片的水域
提示词为名词或代词综合能力提升
一、单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．During the festival, we visit relatives t give ur (greeting) and best wishes.
2．See hw many cups and (saucer) we have but dn’t cunt in the cracked nes.
3．It is believed that the (divisin) between races will disappear sme day.
4．Peking University has educated many utstanding mdern Chinese (figure).
5．In tday’s game the Chinese basketball team played beynd (expect).
6．Natural (phenmenn) such as earthquakes and vlcanes have fascinated scientists fr centuries.
7．He set t wrk again and made the snw fly in all (directin).
8．The nvel written by the French writer has tw (theme), ne f which is abut friendship.
9．The fllwing are my suggestins n hw t mind yur table (manner) in China.
10．He hesitated but handed her the (princess) dress.
11．The milu deer, ne f (China) mst belved animals, is als ne f its strangest.
12．Chinese (peple) lve f nature and pursuit f harmnius cexistence are als embedded (根深蒂固的) within.
13．It is calculated by dividing a (persn) weight in kilgrams by the square f their height in meters.
14． (Tm) representing ur schl at the English speech cntest prved t be a success.
15．It is calculated by dividing a (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered healthy.
16．The fireman risked (he) life t save the baby frm the burning building.
17．I have becme ppular in (I) wn right, withut my father’s help.
18．At the party everyne sang and danced, enjying (them).
19．Peter May is the stry f Hemingway’s life in 1920s Paris, when he was trying t establish (him) as a writer.
20．I suggest yu take the frms away and read them at (yu) leisure.
二、单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．These are ____ frm ther presses.They are having a meeting in ne f the ___ ffice .
A．editr- in-chiefs , editr’s-in-chiefB．editrs –in –chief , editrs-in-chief’s
C．editrs –in-chief’s , editr’s –in-chief’sD．editr-in-chief’s , editrs –in-chief
2．Mr. Smith has tw _______, bth f whm are teachers in a schl.
A．brthers-in-lawB．brther-in-lawsC．brthers-in-lawsD．brthers-in law
3．These ______ tk many ______ here.
A．German; phtB．German; phtsC．Germans; phtsD．Germany; phts
4．Lk! Tw ______are playing basketball n the playgrund.
A．man teacherB．man teachersC．men teacherD．men teachers
5．These___________ tk many___________ here.
A．Germen, phtB．Germen, phtsC．Germans, phtsD．Germany, phtsE．Germany, pht
6．In the new semester, the schl has launched a series f diverse and innvative curses t meet the varius interests f the students. These students may chse the curses that mst interest .
A．themB．themselvesC．usD．itself
7．The children have painted since culd first pick up a brush.
A．theyB．themC．theirD．themselves
8．—What d yu think f ________ Chinese teacher?
—She is an excellent teacher. I’ve imprved a lt since she taught _____ Chinese.
A．ur; usB．ur; urC．urs; usD．urs; ur
9．T make the cmputer wrk at full ______, the prgrammer has t think like the machine.
A．integrityB．dignityC．capacityD．liberty
10．—Hw lng have yu had this car?
—Abut five years. And it’s still in gd ________ nw.
A．cnditinB．experienceC．researchD．challenge
11．His first ________ t climb the muntain failed, but he decided t try again.
A．effectB．attemptC．intentinD．experiment
12．The blind by playing the pian at the party left us a deep ________.
A．traditinB．encuragementC．imprvementD．impressin
13．It was after passing away that his wrks gained widespread ________ and immense ppularity.
A．participatinB．recgnitinC．geniusD．peak
14．The yung girl plans t pursue a career in the ______ f teaching when she graduates frm university.
A．prfessinB．presentatinC．reservatinD．destinatin
15．Mre ________ between the teacher and the students is taking place in the classrm with the teaching refrm.
A．amusementB．interactinC．examinatinD．entertainment
三、名词、代词与语法填空
（一）
（25-26高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试）阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I wake up t the sund f the wind buffeting the clth f my tent. Even thugh the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is mrning 1 night is impssible. At 7:30 a.m., I leave my tent and walk ver t the muntain edge, where spreading ut befre me, 2 (branch) f the Rapa River flw thrugh the valley belw. This is a remte place 3 n rads r twns far nrth f Sweden in Sarek Natinal Park.
In 1909, Sarek was made a natinal park 4 (keep) the land in its natural state. And all new develpment is banned within park bundaries. Fr hundreds f years, lking after reindeer was the 5 (centre) way f life fr the Sami. Every spring, a number f Sami fllw their reindeer int the valleys f Sarek, living in their well-equipped tents and embracing their cherished traditins.
I am nt 6 Sami, but in Sarek I've adpted sme f their habits. Fr example, this mrning my breakfast is flat bread 7 (warm) ver a fire, and sme sweet berries that I fund 8 (grw) near my tent.
After breakfast, I carry all f my fd and supplies with me and set ut again. I cannt register a 9 (cmplain) abut tday being, much like yesterday, filled with tughness acrss this challenging land. Being in such a beautiful and wild place 10 (make) me feel blessed t be alive.
（二）
（25-26高三上·四川绵阳·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lcated in the Nujiang River Valley, the Xinzhai village has an annual average temperature f 25 degrees centigrade and slightly acid sil, which make it 1 ideal place fr grwing high-quality cffee plants. As ne f the 2 (early) places t prduce cffee plants in China, the Xinzhai village began t plant cffee trees in 1952, 3 the Chinese peple were nt used t drinking cffee. Cnsequently, the villagers ended up grwing rice and crn instead.
In the 1980s, when internatinal brands 4 (intrduce) t China, the villagers began t cultivate cffee plants again. Since 2007, the Xinzhai village has been upgrading their cffee industry, selecting high quality cffee plants t prduce high-quality cffee prfessinally and cultivating 5 (they) wn cffee brand.
Tday, the cffee grwing area is abut 9 millin square metres, with an annual utput value f mre than 100 millin yuan. The “Bashan Arabica Cffee” 6 (prduce) here has wn many internatinal awards and is sld all ver the wrld. 7 additin, the Xinzhai village has als been develping lcal turism. When 8 (visit) here, yu can pluck cffee beans, learn hw t prperly brew cffee frm baristas, and taste the 9 (fresh) grund (磨碎的) high-quality cffee. Every year, abut 120,000 10 (turist) are attracted here, which further bsts the lcal ecnmy.