人教版必修第三册 Unit 1知识清+高考真题【2026年高考英语一轮复习综合素养分层演练】

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一、单词拼写
1．They came in army unifrms (假装) t be sldiers, but actually they were nt.
【答案】pretending
【解析】句意：他们穿着军装，假装是士兵，但实际上他们不是。they与pretend在逻辑上构成主谓关系，现在分词表主动，此处作伴随状语，故填pretending 。
2．Knwing the imprtance f making the right chice, he has t (挑选) carefully.
【答案】select
【解析】句意：知道做出正确选择的重要性，他必须小心挑选。have t d固定短语，"必须做，故填 select。
3．Villagers usually gather ______ (celebrate) the harvest festival every autumn.
【答案】t celebrate
【解析】此处用不定式表目的，意为 “聚集起来庆祝丰收节”，符合语境逻辑。
【用法补充】核心搭配：gather tgether（聚集）；gather infrmatin（搜集信息）；gather crps（收割庄稼）
【高考真题链接】
2025 年高考模拟题：​ （完形填空）Peple ______ arund the square t watch the dragn dance during the Spring Festival.​
gathered B. cllected C. affrded D. attracted​
【答案】：A​
【解析】：gather arund 意为 “聚集在…… 周围”，符合 “看舞龙” 的语境；B 侧重 “收集物品”，C 意为 “负担得起”，D 为及物动词 “吸引”（需用被动语态），均不符合。
4．Clrful lanterns added t a lively (气氛) in the summer streets.
【答案】atmsphere
【解析】句意：五颜六色的灯笼为夏日的街道增添了热闹的气氛。不定冠词后接单数名词，故填atmsphere。
5．S far, 67 cuntries and (地区) have included Chinese in their natinal curriculum.
【答案】regins
【解析】句意：目前为止，已有67个国家和地区将汉语列入国家课程。此处名词作主语，与cuntries并列，故填regins。
6．Cmmercial cmpanies ften take advantage ______ scial media t prmte their prducts befre festivals.
【答案】f
【解析】take advantage f 为固定短语，意为 “利用”，介词 f 不可省略，后接利用的对象。
【高考真题链接】
2025 年高考模拟题：（完形填空）We shuld ______ the gd weather t have a picnic this weekend.​
make use f B. take advantage f C. put up with D. keep up with​
【答案】：B​
【解析】：take advantage f 与 make use f 均有 “利用” 之意，但 take advantage f 更侧重 “抓住机会利用”，符合 “利用好天气” 的语境；C 意为 “忍受”，D 意为 “跟上”，均不符合。
7．On the night f the festival, (烟花) went ff here and there.
【答案】firewrks
【解析】句意：节日当晚，烟火到处燃放。firewrk”烟花“，是可数名词，应用复数形式作主语，故填firewrks。
8．As the music faded ______, the audience std up and clapped warmly.​
A. ut B. away C. ff D. dwn
【答案】B
【解析】fade away 为固定短语，意为 “逐渐消失”，符合 “音乐渐渐消失” 的语境；fade ut 侧重 “（画面 / 声音）渐隐”，fade ff/ff 不构成固定短语。
【高考真题链接】
2023 年浙江卷真题：​（阅读理解）The sund f the firewrks ______ as the night went n, leaving the village in silence.​
faded away B. tk ff C. turned dwn D. brke up​
答案：A​
解析：fade away 意为 “逐渐消失”，符合 “烟花声随夜晚流逝而消失” 的语境；B 意为 “起飞”，C 意为 “调低”，D 意为 “解散”，均不符合。
9．He rdered sme (烤制的) chicken and vegetables, with apple pie t fllw.
【答案】rast
【解析】句意：他点了烤鸡和蔬菜，还有苹果派。此处形容词修饰名词chicken，作定语，故填rast。
10．My friend asked me t attach a stamp t the (信封) and mail it.
【答案】envelp
【解析】句意：我朋友让我在信封上贴个邮票寄出去。此处名词作介词宾语，故填envelp。
11．I'm srry t hear that yu are addicted t scial (媒体)and spend t much time n it.
【答案】media
【解析】句意：我很遗憾听说你沉迷于社交媒体，而且花了太多时间在上面。此处名词作介词宾语，应用复数，故填media。
12．The ______ (rigin) plan fr the festival celebratin was changed due t bad weather..
【答案】riginal
【解析】此处需形容词修饰名词 plan，rigin 的形容词形式为 riginal，意为 “最初的”。
【用法补充】核心搭配：the rigin f sth（…… 的起源）；f nble rigin（出身名门）
【高考真题链接】
2024 年高考模拟题：​
Many histrians are studying the ______ (rigin) f Chinese traditinal festivals t prtect cultural heritage.​
【答案】：rigins​
【解析】：根据 “varius festivals” 可知需用复数形式，rigins 表示 “多个起源”，符合语境。
2025 年高考模拟题：​
（完形填空）Scientists have fund evidence linking the language's ______ t ancient Central Asian cultures.​
A. rigin B. surce C. rt D. resurce​
【答案】：A​
【解析】：rigin 侧重 “事物的起源或根源”，符合 “语言起源与中亚文化关联” 的语境；B 侧重 “信息 / 物质来源”，C 侧重 “植物根茎”，D 意为 “资源”，均不符合。
13．With the rapid develpment f (农业) and industry, mre and mre water is needed.
【答案】agriculture
【解析】句意：随着农业和工业的快速发展，需要越来越多的水。 此处与industry并列，作介词f的宾语，故填agriculture。
【用法补充】核心搭配：mdern agriculture（现代农业）；agricultural prducts（农产品）；with the develpment f agriculture（随着农业的发展）
【高考真题链接】
2023 年新课标 II 卷真题：​
（阅读理解选项）The prject aims t prmte ______ innvatin t increase crp yields.​
A. industrial B. agricultural C. medical D. technlgical​
【答案】：B​
【解析】：根据 “increase crp yields（提高作物产量）” 可知与农业相关，agricultural innvatin 意为 “农业创新”，符合语境。
14．Annie std up and (鼓掌) her hands t.
【答案】clapped
【解析】句意：Annie站起来，也拍了拍她的手。根据Annie std up的时态，可知用一般过去时，故填clapped。
15．I'm srry t hear that a (恐怖的) and severe earthquake hit yur hmetwn.
【答案】hrrible
【解析】句意：听说你的家乡发生了一场可怕的地震，我很遗憾。此处形容词修饰名词earthquake，作定语，故填hrrible。
We shuld pay respect ______ the elders and care fr the yung.​
fr B. t C. with D. n
【答案】B​
【解析】固定搭配 pay respect t sb 意为 “向某人致敬 / 表示尊重”，介词用 t，故选 B。
【用法补充】核心搭配：shw respect fr sb（尊重某人）；pay respect t sb（向某人致敬）；respect sb fr sth（因某事尊重某人）
【高考真题链接】
2024 年新高考 I 卷真题：（语法填空）It is a traditin in this cuntry t shw respect ______ ancestrs during the Qingming Festival.​
【答案】：fr​
【解析】：固定搭配 shw respect fr sb 意为 “对某人表示尊重”，介词用 fr，符合语境。
二、语法填空
16．In a sense, they are spending a (significance) amunt f time in fruitless effrts as they multitask.
【答案】significant
【解析】句意：从某种意义上说，他们在多任务处理中花费了大量时间徒劳努力。此处形容词修饰名词作定语，故填significant。
17．After many years f hard wrk, they finally achieved their (rigin) gal.
【答案】riginal
【解析】句意：经过多年的努力，他们终于实现了最初的目标。此处形容词修饰名词，gal，作定语，故填riginal。
18．They wanted t build friendships with peple, regardless f race r (religius).
【答案】religin
【解析】句意：他们想与人建立友谊，不管种族或宗教。此处名词作介词宾语，与race并列，故填religin。
19．Thrugh their wrk, the children develp cncentratin and (jy) self-discipline.
【答案】jyful
【解析】句意：通过他们的工作，孩子们发展集中注意力和快乐的自律。形容词修饰名词self-discipline，作定语，故填jyful。
20．Cngratulatins yur being elected Chairman f the Students' Unin.
【答案】n
【解析】句意：恭喜你当选学生会主席。cngratulatins n ，固定短语，“祝贺”，故填n。
21．They are ging t give sme (perfrm) n the eve f the Spring Festival.
【答案】perfrmances
【解析】句意：他们要在除夕夜表演。perfrmance“表演”，是可数名词，根据sme可知用复数名词作宾语，故填perfrmances。
22．T the Egyptians, green was a clr (represent) the hpe and jy f spring.
【答案】representing
【解析】句意：对埃及人来说，绿色象征着春天的希望和欢乐。clr与represent在逻辑上构成主谓关系，现在分词表主动，此处作定语，故填representing。
23．Recently a survey (cmpare) prices f the same gds in tw different supermarkets has caused heated debate amng citizens.
【答案】cmparing
【解析】句意：最近一项调查引起了市民们的激烈讨论，该调查是比较在两个不同超市里的相同商品的价格。"a survey与cmpare在逻辑上构成动宾关系，现在分词表主动，此处作定语，故填cmparing。
24．What he said at the meeting yesterday was very (disappint).
【答案】disappinting
【解析】句意：他昨天在会上说的话很令人失望。此处形容词作表语，修饰”事“，故填disappinting。
25．In cuntries all ver the wrld, (fall) water can be used t generate electricity.
【答案】falling
【解析】句意：在世界各国，落水可以用来发电。此处现在分词作定语，修饰water，故填falling。
26．Travelling alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and (reward) experience.
【答案】rewarding
【解析】句意：沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而有益的经历。此空与interesting并列。形容词作定语，故填rewarding。
27．Jhn's bad habit is (read) withut thrugh understanding.
【答案】reading
【解析】句意：约翰的坏习惯是没有彻底的理解就读书。此处动名词作表语，故填reading。
28．It was my (believe) that if I pushed yu as hard as I culd, sme f yu wuld succeed.
【答案】belief
【解析】句意：我相信，如果我尽我所能的逼迫你们，你们中的一些人会成功。形容词性物主代词后接名词，根据谓语动词was。可知用单数形式，故填belief。
29．The stadium (build)at present in ur city is intended fr the cming Asian Games.
【答案】being built
【解析】句意：目前我市正在建设的体育场，是为了迎接即将到来的亚运会。此处现在分词的完成式作定语，表示被动，进行，故填being built。
30．The building plans include much needed new accmmdatin, (range)frm turist class t luxury htels.
【答案】ranging
【解析】句意：建筑计划包括急需的新住所，从经济舱到豪华酒店。此处现在分词作补语，故填ranging。
B.语篇能力提升
核心语法精讲精练（-ing 形式与过去分词）
练习题
1.改写句子：The girl wh is dressed in a red cstume is my cusin.（改为过去分词短语作定语）
答案：The girl dressed in a red cstume is my cusin.
解析：原句中 wh is dressed 为被动语态的定语从句，可省略关系代词和 be 动词，直接用过去分词 dressed 作定语，表 “被穿着红色服装的”。
2.语法填空：The ______ (amaze) perfrmance at the carnival made everyne cheer ludly.（amaze）
答案：amazing
解析：此处需形容词修饰名词 perfrmance（事物），amazing 意为 “令人惊奇的”，表事物的特征；amazed 修饰人，表 “感到惊奇的”，故选 amazing。
【高考真题链接】
2024 年天津卷真题：
（语法填空）The museum has a cllectin f paintings ______ (paint) by famus artists in the 19th century.
答案：painted
解析：paint 与 paintings 之间为被动关系（画被画家创作），故用过去分词 painted 作定语，相当于 which were painted。
2023 年全国甲卷真题：
（单项选择）______ the beautiful lanterns, the children felt excited during the Lantern Festival.
A. Admiring B. Admired C. T admire D. Admire
答案：A
解析：句子主语 the children 与 admire 之间为主动关系（孩子主动欣赏灯笼），故用现在分词 admiring 作状语，表伴随动作，故选 A。
四．篇章阅读
1. 小年的五种民间习俗
阅读理解
Little New Year, usually a week befre the lunar New Year, falls n Feb this year. It is als knwn as the Festival f the Kitchen Gd, the deity(神) wh versees the mral character f each husehld. Here are five things yu shuld knw abut the Little New Year, anther sign f the start f spring.
⒈ Offer sacrifices t the Kitchen Gd
One f the mst distinctive traditins f the Little New Year is the burning f a paper image f the Kitchen Gd, wh will reprt n the family's cnduct ver the past year. The fferings t the Kitchen Gd include pig's head, fish, sweet bean paste, melns, fruit, biled dumplings, barley sugar, and Guandng candy. Mst f the fferings are sweets f varius varieties. It is thught that this will seal the Kitchen Gd's muth and encurage him t nly say gd things abut the family when he ascends t heaven t make his reprt.
⒉ Huse cleaning
Accrding t Chinese flk beliefs, during the last mnth f the year ghsts and deities must chse either t return t Heaven r t stay n Earth. It is believed that in rder t ensure the ghsts and deities' timely departure peple must thrughly clean bth their persns and their huses, dwn t every last drawer and cupbard.
⒊ Paste paper-cuts t windws
On the Little New Year, ld cuplets and paper-cuts frm the previus Spring Festival are taken dwn, and new windw decratins, New Year's psters, and auspicius(吉利的) decratins are pasted up.
⒋ Bath and hair-cut
As the ld Chinese saying ges, whether they're rich r pr, peple ften have a haircut befre the Spring Festival. The activity f taking bath and haircut is ften dne n the Little New Year.
⒌ Preparatins fr the Spring Festival
Peple start t stck up necessary prvisins fr the Spring Festival since the Little New Year. Everything needed t make fferings t the ancestrs, entertain guests, and feed the family ver the lng hliday must be purchased in advance.
（1）What is the mst unusual traditin n the Little New Year?
A．Offering sacrifices t the Kitchen Gd.
B．Burning paper image f the Kitchen Gd..
C．Preparing the necessity fr the New Year.
D．Cleaning huse and peple themselves.
（2）What is the Kitchen Gd's duty in the man's wrld?
A．Cllecting the infrmatin f the man's wrld.
B．Prtecting the character f each hme.
C．Gathering sacrifices fr ther Gds in heaven.
D．Watching ut fr the mral f each husehld.
（3）Why are mst f the fferings sweets?
A．Because the Kitchen Gd lves sweet fds.
B．As it is the traditinal custms.
C．As peple hpe the Gd says gd fr them.
D．Because sweets are the best sacrifices.
（4）What d we knw frm the passage?
A．Little New Year always falls in February.
B．Huse cleaning is t welcme the New Year.
C．On the Little New Year nly paper-cuts are pasted up.
D．Peple will make full preparatins fr the cming New Year.
【答案】（1）B （2）D （3）C （4）D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了小年的五种民间习俗, 小年也预示着春季的开始。
（1）考查细节理解。根据⒈ Offer sacrifices t the Kitchen Gd部分中的“One f the mst distinctive traditins f the Little New Year is the burning f a paper image f the Kitchen Gd”可知, 小年夜最与众不同的传统之一是烧灶神像。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ It is als knwn as the Festival f the Kitchen Gd, the deity(神) wh versees the mral character f each husehld.”可知，灶神在人间的职责是监管各家各户。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据根据⒈ Offer sacrifices t the Kitchen Gd部分中的“ It is thught that this will seal the Kitchen Gd's muth and encurage him t nly say gd things abut the family when he ascends t heaven t make his reprt.”可知，人们用甜品贡灶神是为了让灶神替他们在天上美言。故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据⒌ Preparatins fr the Spring Festival部分“Peple start t stck up necessary prvisins fr the Spring Festival since the Little New Year. Everything needed t make fferings t the ancestrs, entertain guests, and feed the family ver the lng hliday must be purchased in advance.”从小年开始，人们就开始为春节储备必要的粮食。在长假期间, 向祖先献祭、招待客人和家人所需的一切都必须提前购买。可知，人们要为春节做好充分准备。故选D。
世界友谊日的来历及发展
任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The first Wrld Friendship Day was prpsed fr July 1958 by the Wrld Friendship Crusade, an internatinal civil rganizatin t fster a culture f peace thrugh friendship. Just as in the US and several ther cuntries, the festival has been greatly cmmercialized(商业化).
Days befre the festival, card and gift cmpanies launch a large campaign(活动) t attract peple int buying cards and gifts fr their friends. Streets and stres are filled with advertising prgrams aimed at yung peple. This marketing strategy(策略) has been severely criticized(批判) by many peple. Many feel that such crazy cmmercializatin has damaged the meaning f Friendship Day.
especially the pink and yellw nes. The day is bserved with great pleasure. A highly ppular thing cnnected with the day is the well-knwn friendship band—the mdern day symbl f friendship that friends give t ne anther t frm an everlasting bnd. Friendship bands are the favrite items fr yungsters and available in stres all ver the cuntry. Friendship pems and Friendship Day gifts are exchanged between best friends t renew the bnd f friendship and express gratitude and lve fr each ther.
Since its beginning in 1935, Friendship Day celebratins have cme a lng way. Friendship Day remains the time when yu acknwledge yur friends' cntributin in yur life, express lve fr them, cherish their presence in yur life and pay them a salute. Tday, Friendship Day is being celebrated arund the glbe, acrss diverse cultures and scial perids.
A. The ppular custms f Friendship Day include handing ver rses,
B. The idea f hnring friendship was adpted by a few cuntries in Asia.
C. Restaurants ffer special discunts t make the mst f the time as well.
D. These days, hwever, it is celebrated with a lt f shwing ff and expenses.
E. These are new ways f celebratin f this day that have grwn in ppularity.
F. The riginal idea fr a day f friendship came frm Hallmark cards in the 1930s.
G. But hwever much the ways f celebratin have changed, the basic idea behind the ccasin remains the same.
【答案】D；C；A；E；G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，今天，世界各地不同文化和社会时期的人们都在庆祝友谊日。作者介绍了世界友谊日的来历及发展。
（1）根据空后“Just as in the US and several ther cuntries，the festival has been greatly cmmercialized.”就像在美国和其他几个国家一样，这个节日已经被极大地商业化了。可知，现在世界友谊日被极大地商业化了。 D.These days，hwever，it is celebrated with a lt f shwing ff and expenses. “然而，如今人们用大量排场和花费来庆祝这个节日。”符合语境。故选D。
（2）根据空前“Streets and stres are filled with advertising prgrams aimed at yung peple.” 街道和商店里到处都是针对年轻人的广告节目。可知，此处列举各种营销策略。 C. Restaurants ffer special discunts t make the mst f the time as well. “餐馆也提供特别的折扣来充分利用这个时间。”符合语境。as well“也”是解题的关键。故选C。
（3）根据空后“especially the pink and yellw nes”尤其是粉红色和黄色的)是半句，选项中只有A项不是完整句子，可以补全这个句子。 A.The ppular custms f Friendship Day include handing ver rses,“友谊日的流行习俗包括送玫瑰”符合语境。故选A。
（4）根据空前“Friendship bands are the favrite items fr yungsters and available in stres all ver the cuntry. Friendship pems and Friendship Day gifts are exchanged between best friends t renew the bnd f friendship and express gratitude and lve fr each ther. ”友谊带是年轻人的最爱，在全国各地的商店都能买到。友谊诗和友谊日礼物在最好的朋友之间交换，以更新友谊的纽带，表达对彼此的感谢和爱。可知，此处在介绍一些庆祝友谊日的新方式。 E.These are new ways f celebratin f this day that have grwn in ppularity. “这些都是庆祝这一天的新方式，而且越来越受欢迎。”符合语境。故选E。
（5）根据空前“Since its beginning in 1935，Friendship Day celebratins have cme a lng way. ”从1935年开始，友谊日的庆祝活动已经走过了很长的路；以及空后“Friendship Day remains the time when yu acknwledge yur friends' cntributin in yur life，express lve fr them，cherish their presence in yur life and pay them a salute. ”在友谊日，你要感谢朋友对你的生活的贡献，表达你对他们的爱，珍惜他们在你的生活中的存在，向他们致敬。可知，G.But hwever much the ways f celebratin have changed，the basic idea behind the ccasin remains the same.”但是，不管庆祝的方式发生了多大的变化，这个节日背后的基本思想是不变的。”符合语境。故选G。
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定语 / 状语 / 表语
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现在分词作定语（表主动）
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过去分词作定语（表被动）