2025-2026学年中考英语复习语法名词专项练习 100 题

这是一份2025-2026学年中考英语复习语法名词专项练习 100 题，共12页。试卷主要包含了名词词义辨析，名词的数，名词所有格，名词构词法，名词句法功能，易混易错点辨析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
中考英语名词语法进阶专项练习 100 题
一、名词词义辨析（共 20 题）
（一）单项选择（1-15 题）
The ________ f the birds utside the windw wke me up early this mrning.
A. vice B. sund C. nise D. shut
My uncle has had a new ________ in a big cmpany since last year—he n lnger des the tiring ________ he did befre.
A. jb; wrk B. wrk; jb C. jb; jb D. wrk; wrk
—D yu have any ________ n hw t imprve ur English reading speed?
—Yes, try t guess the meaning f new wrds instead f lking them up immediately.
A. ideas B. advice C. suggestins D. news
The lcal gvernment has taken many measures t prtect the ________ f the ancient village, such as repairing ld huses and keeping traditinal custms.
A. culture B. inventin C. symbl D. cmmunicatin
—What’s the ________ f yur new mbile phne?
—It’s abut 3,000 yuan. I saved mney fr three mnths t buy it.
A. price B. cst C. value D. wrth
After the heavy rain, a beautiful ________ appeared in the sky. All the children stpped playing and lked up at it.
A. sun B. mn C. rainbw D. star
My grandmther’s ________ is always warm—she ften tells us interesting stries abut her childhd when we visit her.
A. huse B. family C. hme D. rm
—I can’t slve this math ________. It’s t difficult fr me.
—Dn’t wrry. Let’s ask ur teacher fr help tmrrw.
A. questin B. prblem C. matter D. thing
The ________ f the meeting is t discuss hw t reduce students’ hmewrk burden. All teachers must attend it.
A. purpse B. result C. reasn D. cause
—Why did yu lk s wrried just nw?
—I lst my ________. There are many imprtant phne numbers in it.
A. message B. infrmatin C. nte D. mbile phne
The ________ f the new subway line will make it easier fr peple t travel between the tw cities.
A. develpment B. cnstructin C. peratin D. intrductin
—D yu knw the ________ f the tall building ver there?
—It’s abut 150 meters. It’s the tallest building in ur city.
A. height B. length C. width D. depth
My best friend sent me a ________ n my birthday. It’s a hand-made card with ur phts n it.
A. present B. gift C. suvenir D. reward
The ________ f the film is s mving that many peple cried while watching it.
A. stry B. plt C. theme D. ending
—What’s yur favrite ________ in schl?
—PE. I like playing basketball with my classmates in PE class.
A. subject B. lessn C. curse D. class
（二）短文填空（16-20 题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的名词（每空一词，注意词形变化）。
Last weekend, ur class rganized a trip t a small village. The main 16. ________（目的）f the trip was t learn abut rural life. When we arrived, the villagers gave us a warm welcme. We visited a lcal farm first. The farmer tld us abut different 17. ________（种类）f crps, such as wheat and crn. We als helped pick sme vegetables—they were much fresher than thse in the supermarket.
In the afternn, we went t the village’s cultural center. There were many ld 18. ________（物品）n display, like traditinal tls and handmade clthes. An ld villager shared 19. ________（故事）abut the village’s histry. We learned that the village has a histry f ver 200 years.
Befre leaving, we tk many 20. ________（照片）with the villagers. It was a meaningful trip. We nt nly enjyed the beautiful scenery but als gained a lt f knwledge.
二、名词的数（共 25 题）
（一）单项选择（21-30 题）
—Hw many ________ are there in yur schl library?
—Abut 50,000. They include bks, magazines and newspapers.
A. bk B. bks C. bkes D. bk’s
My mther bught tw ________ and three ________ frm the supermarket this mrning.
A. tmat; ptat B. tmats; ptats C. tmates; ptates D. tmates; ptats
—Lk! There are many ________ swimming in the river.
—Ww, they lk s lvely. I want t feed them sme bread.
A. fish B. fishes C. fishs D. a fish
All the ________ in ur schl are friendly t students. They ften help us slve prblems in study and life.
A. wman teacher B. wmen teacher C. wman teachers D. wmen teachers
—Hw much ________ d we need t make the cake?
—Abut tw spns. It’s enugh.
A. sugar B. sugars C. a sugar D. the sugar
My father has three ________. One is in Beijing, ne is in Shanghai, and the ther is in Guangzhu.
A. brther-in-law B. brthers-in-law C. brther-in-laws D. brthers-in-laws
The ________ f the cmpany are having a meeting nw. They are discussing the new prject.
A. manager B. managers C. manager’s D. managers’
—I need sme ________ t write dwn the phne number. D yu have any?
—Yes, here is a piece f paper fr yu.
A. paper B. papers C. a paper D. the paper
There are five ________ in my family. We live in a big huse with three bedrms.
A. peple B. persn C. peples D. persns
—Hw many ________ did yu visit during yur trip t Eurpe?
—Three. They are Paris, Lndn and Rme.
A. city B. citys C. cities D. city’s
（二）用所给单词适当形式填空（31-40 题）
There are many ________（child）playing n the playgrund. Their parents are waiting fr them nearby.
My uncle keeps sme ________（sheep）n his farm. He sells their wl every year.
This restaurant serves different ________（kind）f delicius fd. Many peple cme here every weekend.
The dctr gave me three ________（bx）f medicine and tld me t take it three times a day.
We need tw ________（knife）t cut the vegetables. Please get them frm the kitchen.
There are tw ________（library）in ur schl. The new ne was built last year.
The ________（man teacher）in ur class are very strict but kind. They ften stay after class t help us.
I have cllected many ________（stamp）frm different cuntries. They are my favrite cllectin.
The ________（leaf）n the trees turn yellw in autumn. They lk like glden butterflies.
My grandmther tld me sme interesting ________（stry）abut her childhd. I listened t her carefully.
（三）句型转换（41-45 题）
This is a useful dictinary.（改为复数句）
________ are useful ________.
There is a tmat n the table.（改为复数句）
There are sme ________ n the table.
The girl has a new ty car.（改为复数句）
The ________ have new ________ ________.
This is my father’s bk.（改为复数句）
These are ur ________ ________.
A sheep is eating grass in the field.（改为复数句）
Sme ________ ________ eating grass in the field.
三、名词所有格（共 20 题）
（一）单项选择（46-55 题）
—Is this ________ bag?
—N, it’s nt mine. It’s ________.
A. yur; Lucy B. yurs; Lucy C. yur; Lucy’s D. yurs; Lucy’s
The ________ rm is n the secnd flr. They ften study tgether there.
A. twin’s B. twins’ C. twins D. twin
—Hw far is it frm yur hme t schl?
—It’s abut 15 ________ walk. I usually g t schl n ft.
A. minute B. minutes C. minute’s D. minutes’
This is a pht f ________. Lk! All the peple in the pht are smiling.
A. my family B. my family’s C. my families D. my families’
The ________ eyes are very bright. They can see things clearly at night.
A. cat B. cat’s C. cats D. cats’
—Where is ________ desk?
—It’s near the windw. He ften sits there t read bks.
A. Tm B. Tm’s C. Tms D. Tms’
The ________ meeting will start at 9 ’clck tmrrw mrning. All teachers must be n time.
A. teacher B. teachers C. teacher’s D. teachers’
This is a bk f ________. He wrte many interesting stries in it.
A. Mr. Li B. Mr. Li’s C. Mr. Lis D. Mr. Lis’
The ________ dr is brken. We need t ask smene t repair it.
A. classrm B. classrm’s C. classrms D. classrms’
—Whse pens are these?
—They are ________. They bught them yesterday.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy’s and Lily C. Lucy and Lily’s D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
（二）用所给单词适当形式填空（56-60 题）
This is ________（Mary）new dress. She bught it fr her birthday.
The ________（children）tys are all in the bx. They ften play with them after schl.
My ________（grandfather）farm is very big. There are many fruit trees n it.
The ________（student）desks are clean and tidy. They clean them every mrning.
This is a pht f ________（Tm and Jim）family. Their parents are in the pht.
（三）短文填空（61-65 题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的名词所有格（每空一词）。
Yesterday was ________（61. Lucy）birthday. Her parents prepared a big party fr her. Many f ________（62. Lucy）friends came t the party. They brught many gifts, such as ________（63. Mike）hand-made card and ________（64. Sarah）beautiful flwers.
During the party, ________（65. Lucy’s mther）cked delicius fd, like chicken and fish. Everyne enjyed the party very much. Lucy said it was the best birthday she had ever had.
四、名词构词法（共 15 题）
（一）单项选择（66-70 题）
The ________ f the new technlgy has changed ur life a lt. We can nw shp nline easily.
A. invent B. inventin C. inventr D. inventive
My brther wants t be a ________. He likes t study the stars and planets.
A. science B. scientist C. scientific D. scientifically
The ________ f the prject will take abut three mnths. We need t wrk hard t finish it n time.
A. develp B. develpment C. develper D. develping
—What’s yur ________?
—I’m 1.65 meters tall.
A. high B. height C. tall D. tallness
The ________ f the film is very famus. He has directed many ppular films befre.
A. direct B. directin C. directr D. directing
（二）用所给单词适当形式填空（71-80 题）
Thank yu fr yur ________（kind）. Yu helped me a lt when I was in truble.
The ________（different）between the tw pictures is nt easy t find. Can yu help me?
My father has a lt f ________（experience）in driving. He has been a driver fr 20 years.
The ________（imprtant）f learning English well is knwn t everyne. We must wrk hard at it.
The ________（happy）n the children’s faces made me feel warm. They were playing happily.
The ________（ill）made him stay in bed fr a week. He culdn’t g t schl during that time.
The ________（decide）t build a new park in ur neighbrhd made everyne excited.
The ________（music）played a beautiful sng n the pian. Everyne listened carefully.
We shuld prtect the ________（safe）f the children. They are t yung t take care f themselves.
The ________（cmmunicate）between parents and children is very imprtant. It can help them understand each ther better.
五、名词句法功能（共 10 题）
（一）单项选择（81-85 题）
________ is my favrite sprt. I play it every weekend with my friends.
A. Swim B. Swimming C. Swimmer D. Swims
My dream is t be a ________. I want t help sick peple get better.
A. dctr B. teach C. sing D. ck
The ________ in the kitchen is very delicius. What are yu cking?
A. smell B. sund C. taste D. lk
We shuld prtect ________. They prvide us with clean air and wd.
A. animals B. plants C. rivers D. muntains
My mther bught me a new ________. It’s red and I like it very much.
A. shirt B. shes C. trusers D. scks
（二）句型转换（86-90 题）
He is a gd student.（改为感叹句，强调名词 student）
What a ________ ________ he is!
The girl sings very well.（改为感叹句，强调名词 sng，提示：补充 “sings a beautiful sng”）
What a ________ ________ the girl sings!
This is a nice garden.（改为感叹句）
What a ________ ________ this is!
The by is very clever.（改为感叹句，强调名词 by）
What a ________ ________ the by is!
She tld us an interesting stry.（改为感叹句）
What an ________ ________ she tld us!
六、易混易错点辨析（共 10 题，单项选择）
—Did yu hear the ________ frm the next rm? It’s s lud that I can’t sleep.
—Yes, it’s my brther playing vide games. I’ll ask him t turn it dwn.
A. sund B. vice C. nise D. shut
—Hw lng have yu had this ________?
—Fr tw years. It’s very interesting, but it’s a little tiring smetimes.
A. jb B. wrk C. prfessin D. career
—I have ________ t tell yu. Our schl will hld a sprts meeting next mnth.
—That’s great news! I want t take part in the running race.
A. a news B. sme news C. a message D. sme messages
—What’s the ________ f this river?
—It’s abut 500 kilmeters. It’s ne f the lngest rivers in ur cuntry.
A. height B. length C. width D. depth
—D yu knw the ________ f the Great Wall?
—It’s a symbl f Chinese culture. Many freigners cme t visit it every year.
A. meaning B. symbl C. value D. imprtance
—Hw many ________ are there in yur class?
—Frty-five. Thirty f them are girls and fifteen are bys.
A. student B. students C. peple D. persn
—I need sme ________ abut the histry f this city. Can yu help me find it?
—Sure. Yu can g t the city library. There are many bks abut it.
A. infrmatin B. message C. news D. stry
—What’s yur ________ fr being late tday?
—I’m srry. My bike brke dwn n the way t schl.
A. reasn B. cause C. excuse D. explanatin
—We shuld take care f ________. They are ur best friends.
—Yes, we shuldn’t hurt them r destry their hmes.
A. animals B. plants C. envirnment D. nature
—What’s the ________ f yur new shes?
—They are size 38. They fit me very well.
A. size B. number C. length D. width
参考答案及解析
一、名词词义辨析（1-20 题）
B（考查 sund/vice/nise 辨析：sund 泛指一切声音，符合 “鸟叫声” 语境；vice 指人的嗓音，nise 指噪音，shut 指呼喊，均不符合）
A（考查 jb/wrk 辨析：jb 是可数名词，表 “具体职业”；wrk 是不可数名词，表 “日常工作”，第一空 a new 后接 jb，第二空 tiring 后接 wrk）
B（考查 advice/suggestin 辨析：advice 是不可数名词，无复数；suggestin 是可数名词，需用复数；any 后接不可数名词 advice，符合 “询问建议” 语境）
A（考查名词词义：culture “文化”，符合 “保护古村落文化” 语境；inventin “发明”，symbl “象征”，cmmunicatin “交流”，均不符合）
A（考查 price/cst 辨析：price 指 “商品售价”，符合 “询问手机价格” 语境；cst 指 “成本”，value “价值”，wrth “价值”，均不符合）
C（考查名词词义：rainbw “彩虹”，符合 “雨后出现” 语境；sun “太阳”，mn “月亮”，star “星星”，均不符合）
C（考查 huse/family/hme 辨析：hme 强调 “有情感的家”，符合 “奶奶的家很温暖” 语境；huse 指 “房屋”，family 指 “家庭成员”，rm 指 “房间”，均不符合）
B（考查 prblem/questin 辨析：prblem 指 “需要解决的难题”，符合 “解数学题” 语境；questin 指 “需要回答的问题”，matter “事情”，thing “东西”，均不符合）
A（考查 purpse/result 辨析：purpse “目的”，符合 “会议目的是讨论减负” 语境；result “结果”，reasn “原因”，cause “起因”，均不符合）
D（考查名词词义：mbile phne “手机”，符合 “里面有重要电话号码” 语境；message “信息”，infrmatin “信息”，nte “便条”，均无 “存储号码” 功能，不符合）
C（考查名词词义：peratin “运营”，符合 “地铁线路运营方便出行” 语境；develpment “发展”，cnstructin “建设”，intrductin “介绍”，均不符合）
A（考查 height/length 辨析：height “高度”，符合 “询问建筑物高度” 语境；length “长度”，width “宽度”，depth “深度”，均不符合）
A（考查 present/gift 辨析：present 泛指 “礼物”，符合 “生日收到手工贺卡” 语境；gift 较正式，suvenir “纪念品”，reward “奖励”，均不符合）
C（考查名词词义：theme “主题”，符合 “电影主题感人” 语境；stry “故事”，plt “情节”，ending “结局”，均侧重具体内容，不强调 “感人核心”，不符合）
A（考查 subject/lessn 辨析：subject 指 “学校学科”，符合 “最喜欢的学科是体育” 语境；lessn 指 “具体课程”，curse “课程体系”，class “课堂”，均不符合）
purpse（“目的”，the main purpse f 表 “…… 的主要目的”）
kinds（“种类”，different kinds f 表 “不同种类的”，用复数）
things（“物品”，many 后接复数，指展览的旧物品）
stries（“故事”，share stries 表 “分享故事”，用复数）
phts（“照片”，many 后接复数，take phts 表 “拍照”）
二、名词的数（21-45 题）
B（hw many 后接可数名词复数，bk 的复数是 bks，故选 B）
C（tmat 的复数是 tmates，ptat 的复数是 ptates，均为不规则变化，故选 C）
A（fish 表 “鱼的条数” 时单复数同形，表 “种类” 时复数是 fishes；此处指 “河里的鱼”，表条数，故选 A）
D（wman 修饰复数名词时，自身需变复数 wmen，wmen teachers “女老师”，故选 D）
A（sugar 是不可数名词，无复数，hw much 后接不可数名词，故选 A）
B（复合名词 brther-in-law 的复数是 brthers-in-law，只变中心词 brther，故选 B）
B（根据 are 可知主语是复数，manager 的复数是 managers，故选 B）
A（paper 表 “纸张” 时是不可数名词，sme 后接不可数名词，故选 A）
A（peple 表 “人” 时是复数名词，five 后接 peple；persn 的复数是 persns，不常用，故选 A）
C（city 的复数是 cities，以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 es，故选 C）
children（child 的复数是 children，不规则变化）
sheep（sheep 单复数同形，sme 后接 sheep）
kinds（kind 的复数是 kinds，different kinds f 表 “不同种类的”）
bxes（bx 的复数是 bxes，以 x 结尾加 es）
knives（knife 的复数是 knives，以 f 结尾变 f 为 v 加 es）
libraries（library 的复数是 libraries，以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 es）
men teachers（man 修饰复数名词时变 men，men teachers “男老师”）
stamps（stamp 的复数是 stamps，一般加 s）
leaves（leaf 的复数是 leaves，以 f 结尾变 f 为 v 加 es）
stries（stry 的复数是 stries，以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 es）
These; dictinaries（this 的复数是 these，dictinary 的复数是 dictinaries）
tmates（tmat 的复数是 tmates）
girls; ty cars（girl 的复数是 girls，ty car 的复数是 ty cars，ty 作定语用单数）
fathers’ bks（father 的复数是 fathers，所有格是 fathers’，bk 的复数是 bks）
sheep; are（sheep 单复数同形，复数主语后用 are）
三、名词所有格（46-65 题）
C（第一空修饰 bag，用形容词性物主代词 yur；第二空表 “露西的包”，用名词所有格 Lucy’s，故选 C）
B（twins 表 “双胞胎”，所有格是 twins’，twins’ rm “双胞胎的房间”，故选 B）
D（15 后接 minute 的复数 minutes，所有格是 minutes’，15 minutes’ walk “15 分钟的步行路程”，故选 D）
A（a pht f my family “我的全家福”，family 表 “家庭”，不用所有格；my family’s 表 “我家的”，不符合语境，故选 A）
B（cat 的所有格是 cat’s，cat’s eyes “猫的眼睛”；cats’表 “复数猫的”，不符合 “the” 表单数的语境，故选 B）
B（Tm 的所有格是 Tm’s，Tm’s desk “汤姆的书桌”，故选 B）
D（teachers 的所有格是 teachers’，teachers’ meeting “教师会议”，故选 D）
B（a bk f Mr. Li’s “李先生的一本书”，双重所有格，表 “李先生众多书中的一本”，故选 B）
A（classrm 作定语修饰 dr，用单数 classrm，classrm dr “教室门”；名词所有格 classrm’s 表 “教室的”，不符合 “作定语” 用法，故选 A）
D（根据 “they” 可知是两人各自的钢笔，Lucy’s and Lily’s “露西的和莉莉的”；Lucy and Lily’s 表 “两人共有的”，不符合语境，故选 D）
Mary’s（Mary 的所有格是 Mary’s，Mary’s new dress “玛丽的新裙子”）
children’s（children 的所有格是 children’s，children’s tys “孩子们的玩具”）
grandfather’s（grandfather 的所有格是 grandfather’s，grandfather’s farm “爷爷的农场”）
students’（students 的所有格是 students’，students’ desks “学生们的书桌”）
Tm and Jim’s（表 “汤姆和吉姆共有的家庭”，所有格加在最后一个名词后，Tm and Jim’s family “汤姆和吉姆的家”）
Lucy’s（Lucy 的所有格是 Lucy’s，Lucy’s birthday “露西的生日”）
Lucy’s（Lucy 的所有格是 Lucy’s，Lucy’s friends “露西的朋友”）
Mike’s（Mike 的所有格是 Mike’s，Mike’s hand-made card “迈克的手工贺卡”）
Sarah’s（Sarah 的所有格是 Sarah’s，Sarah’s beautiful flwers “萨拉的漂亮花朵”）
Lucy’s mther’s（Lucy’s mther 的所有格是 Lucy’s mther’s，Lucy’s mther’s cked fd “露西妈妈做的食物”）
四、名词构词法（66-80 题）
B（invent 是动词 “发明”，inventin 是名词 “发明物”，符合 “新技术的发明改变生活” 语境；inventr “发明家”，inventive “有发明才能的”，均不符合，故选 B）
B（science 是名词 “科学”，scientist 是名词 “科学家”，符合 “想成为科学家研究星球” 语境；scientific “科学的”，scientifically “科学地”，均不符合，故选 B）
B（develp 是动词 “发展”，develpment 是名词 “发展（过程）”，符合 “项目发展需要三个月” 语境；develper “开发者”，develping “发展中的”，均不符合，故选 B）
B（high 是形容词 “高的”，height 是名词 “高度”，符合 “询问身高” 语境；tall “高的”，tallness “高”（不常用），均不符合，故选 B）
C（direct 是动词 “指导”，directr 是名词 “导演”，符合 “电影导演很有名” 语境；directin “方向”，directing“指导（动名词）”，均不符合，故选 C）
kindness（kind 是形容词 “善良的”，名词形式是 kindness，不可数）
difference（different 是形容词 “不同的”，名词形式是 difference，表 “两者间的差异” 用单数）
experience（experience 表 “经验” 时是不可数名词，表 “经历” 时是可数名词；此处指 “驾驶经验”，用不可数 experience）
imprtance（imprtant 是形容词 “重要的”，名词形式是 imprtance，不可数）
happiness（happy 是形容词 “快乐的”，名词形式是 happiness，不可数）
illness（ill 是形容词 “生病的”，名词形式是 illness，不可数）
decisin（decide 是动词 “决定”，名词形式是 decisin，可数，此处用单数）
musician（music 是名词 “音乐”，musician 是名词 “音乐家”，符合 “音乐家弹钢琴” 语境）
safety（safe 是形容词 “安全的”，名词形式是 safety，不可数）
cmmunicatin（cmmunicate 是动词 “交流”，名词形式是 cmmunicatin，不可数）
五、名词句法功能（81-90 题）
B（swim 是动词，swimming 是动名词，可作主语，表 “游泳这项运动”；swimmer “游泳者”，swims “动词第三人称单数”，均不能作主语，故选 B）
A（dctr 是名词 “医生”，符合 “帮助病人康复” 语境；teach “教”（动词），sing “唱”（动词），ck “厨师”（不符合 “帮助病人” 语境），故选 A）
A（smell 是名词 “气味”，符合 “厨房的气味很香” 语境；sund “声音”，taste “味道”，lk “样子”，均不符合，故选 A）
B（plants 是名词 “植物”，符合 “提供清洁空气和木材” 语境；animals “动物”，rivers “河流”，muntains “山”，均不符合，故选 B）
A（shirt 是单数名词 “衬衫”，a new 后接单数名词；shes “鞋子”，trusers “裤子”，scks “袜子”，均为复数，不能用 a 修饰，故选 A）
gd student（感叹句结构 “What a + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！”，此处强调 “好学生”，用 gd student）
beautiful sng（补充 “sings a beautiful sng” 后，感叹句强调 “一首优美的歌”，用 beautiful sng）
nice garden（感叹句结构 “What a + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！”，用 nice garden）
clever by（感叹句强调 “聪明的男孩”，用 clever by）
interesting stry（感叹句结构 “What an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！”，用 interesting stry）
六、易混易错点辨析（91-100 题）
C（nise 指 “噪音”，符合 “太吵睡不着” 语境；sund 泛指声音，vice 指人的嗓音，shut 指呼喊，均不符合，故选 C）
A（jb 是可数名词，表 “具体职业”，符合 “拥有这份工作两年” 语境；wrk 是不可数名词，不能用 this 修饰；prfessin “职业”（较正式），career “职业生涯”，均不符合 “日常对话” 语境，故选 A）
B（news 是不可数名词，表 “消息”，sme news “一些消息”，符合 “学校将举办运动会” 语境；message “信息”（可数，侧重 “便条 / 口信”），均不符合，故选 B）
B（length 指 “长度”，符合 “询问河流长度” 语境；height “高度”，width “宽度”，depth “深度”，均不符合，故选 B）
B（symbl 指 “象征”，符合 “长城是中国文化的象征” 语境；meaning “意义”，value “价值”，imprtance “重要性”，均不符合 “文化象征” 核心语境，故选 B）
B（student 的复数是 students，hw many 后接可数名词复数，符合 “询问班级学生数量” 语境；peple “人”（泛指），persn “人”（单数），均不符合，故选 B）
A（infrmatin 是不可数名词，表 “信息”，符合 “寻找城市历史信息” 语境；message “信息”（可数，侧重 “具体消息”），news “新闻”，stry “故事”，均不符合，故选 A）
C（excuse 指 “借口”，符合 “解释迟到的理由” 语境；reasn “原因”（侧重客观事实），cause “起因”，explanatin “解释”（较正式），均不符合 “日常道歉” 语境，故选 C）
A（animals 指 “动物”，符合 “最好的朋友，不伤害它们” 语境；plants “植物”，envirnment “环境”，nature “自然”，均不符合 “朋友” 的语境，故选 A）
A（size 指 “尺寸”，符合 “询问鞋子尺码” 语境；number “数字”，length “长度”，width “宽度”，均不符合，故选 A）