北京市中国人民大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考试 英语试卷

这是一份北京市中国人民大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考试 英语试卷，共35页。试卷主要包含了5 分，共 15 分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
说明：本试卷共 8 页，共 100 分；考试时间 90 分钟；请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将条形码贴在答题卡的相应位置上。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Arriving in the U.K. fr university I was eager t jin plitical science debates. In my first tutrial, I presented
ideas n glbal inequality, but my stumbling speech and thick accent left thers 1 — n ne understd my
pints. I felt invisible, my vice lst in a haze f misprnunciatins and awkward pauses.
This experience slwly weakened my cnfidence. I stpped speaking in class, cnvinced that my “brken English” was 2 f attentin. Then, a qute by Chimamanda Adichie 3 me: staying silent allwed thers
t “define my stry”. I prmised 4 my vice — nt by masking my accent, but by mastering clarity. I carefully
recrded each practice speech, adjusting tne and pace until my meaning 5 and sught feedback t priritize
structure ver perfectin. 6, small signs f prgress emerged: a classmate leaning in with a nd, and a tutr
scribbling “excellent pint” beside my name.
The turning pint came during a debate n refugee (难民) plicies. Hands trembling, I started t share my living experience in Lags. The rm fell 7. When I finished, the tutr said, “That’s the 8 we’ve been
missing”. Fr the first time, my wrds felt nt like barriers, but bridges cnnecting diverse minds.
This jurney taught me t wn my narrative 9. My accent is a part f my 10, nt a flaw t erase.
1. A. unfavrable
B. unbelievable
C. unsupprtive
D. unrespnsive
2. A. incapable
B. unaware
C. unwrthy
D. free
3. A. struck
B. cnfused
C. pleased
D. shcked
4. A. reclaim
B. lift
C. gain
D. silence
5. A. cut in
B. cut ff
C. cut up
D. cut thrugh
6. A. Randmly
B. Gradually
C. Punctually
D. Regularly
7. A. dark
B. empty
C. silent
D. still
Language, I’ve realized, requires the curage t share truth. In a wrld hungry fr different vices, believing in the value f ur wn vices is the bldest act.
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Lngji Rice Terraces stand as a stunning testament t the harmnius cexistence f humans and nature. They 11 (build) by the lcal Zhuang and Ya peple, t whm Guangxi is hme. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty,
wrk n the terraces tk hundreds f years. The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds f waterways that cnnect with each ther. During the rainy seasn, it is alng these waterways that rainwater mves 12 the
muntains and int the terraces. These terraces als prvide a perfect envirnment fr birds and fish, sme f which feed n insects 13 can harm the rice crps. Tday the Lngji Rice terraces attract thusands f visitrs wh
cme t admire this great wnder created by peple and nature wrking tgether.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
One day, a man fund the pupa f a butterfly. 14 (see) an pening in the pupa, he realized that the
butterfly was ready t emerge. S he sat dwn and watched as the butterfly struggled t frce its bdy thrugh the little hle. Hwever, minutes passed and the butterfly still culdn’t get ut. The struggle was t hard fr its weak bdy. The man then kindly 15 (enlarge) the hle in the pupa s that the butterfly culd finally break free.
16 instead f flying away, it just dragged itself arund weakly, then died. The struggle t break ut f the
pupa was necessary fr the butterfly’s 17 (survive) because it enabled its wings and bdy t grw strng.
Withut the struggle, it was t weak t live.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Fr tday’s increasingly intercnnected fd supply chains, “efficient” is what it’s suppsed t be: Each cuntry specializes in what it’s best at and puts it n the glbal market. 18 (prduce) and prcessrs within cuntries
specialize, t, as a way 19 (minimize) csts. As a result, at least in thery, prices stay lw, the wrld gets
fed and everyne wins. Hwever, the crnavirus crisis demnstrates 20 is wrng with this apprach. When
8. A. lessn
B. wisdm
C. chance
D. perspective
9. A. cautiusly
B. bravely
C. skeptically
D. attentively
10. A. identity
B. persnality
C. advantage
D. dignity
barriers prevent fd frm reaching its markets, r demand suddenly drps, the system falls apart.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Where t Eat in Bangkk
Bangkk is a highly desirable destinatin fr fd lvers It has a seemingly bttmless well f dining
ptins. Here are sme suggestins n where t start yur Bangkk eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm prvides the best f Bangkk culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the nly Thai restaurant that ranks amng the tp 10 f the wrld’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thmpsn, wh received a Michelin star fr his Lndn-based Thai restaurant f the same name, pened this branch in the
Metrplitan Htel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internatinally knwn Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkk restaurant. The menu in this beautiful clnial huse includes traditinal Thai cuisine cmbined with mdern cking methds. B.lan
B.lan has been making waves in Bangkk’s culinary scene since it pened in 2009. Serving hard-t-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmsphere, the restaurant is true t Thai cuisine’s rts, yet still manages t add a special twist. This place is gd fr a candle-lit dinner r a wrk meeting with clleagues wh appreciate fine fd. Fr thse extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place n the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, prgressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is ne f the mst exciting venues (场所) t arrive in Bangkk in recent years. The best table in this tw-stry clnial Thai hme ffers a windw right int the kitchen, where yu can see chef Gaggan and his staff in actin. Culinary theater at its best.
What d Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in cmmn?
They adpt mdern cking methds.B. They have branches in Lndn.
C. They have tp-class chefs.D. They are based in htels.
Which restaurant ffers a large set menu?
A. Gaggan.B. B. lan.C. Issaya Siamese Club.D. Nahm.
What is special abut Gaggan?
It hires staff frm India.B. It puts n a play every day.
C. It serves hard-t-find lcal dishes.D. It shws the cking prcess t guests.
B
It was bad enugh having an invalid brther. Hwever, ne afternn as I watched him, my head pked between the irn psts f the ft f the bed, he lked straight at me and grinned. I skipped thrugh the rms, shuting, “Mama, he smiled. He’s all there!”. As lng as he lay all the time in bed, we called him William Armstrng, even thugh it was frmal and sunded as if we were referring t ne f ur ancestrs. But with his creeping arund n the deerskin rug and beginning t talk, smething had t be dne abut his name.
It was I wh renamed him. When he crawled, he crawled backwards, as if he were in reverse and culdn’t change gears. If yu called him, he’d turn arund as if he were ging in the ther directin, then he’d back right up t yu t be picked up. Crawling backward made him lk like a ddlebug, s I began t call him Ddle. Renaming my brther was perhaps the kindest thing I ever did fr him, because nbdy expects much f smene called Ddle. Althugh Ddle learned t crawl, he shwed n signs f walking, but he wasn’t idle. He talked s much that we all quit listening t what he said.
It was abut this time that Daddy built him a g-cart and I had t pull him arund. The mment I picked up my cap, he started crying t g with me and Mama wuld call frm wherever she was, “Take Ddle with yu”. He was a burden in many ways. The dctr had said that he mustn’t get t excited, t ht, t cld, r t tired and that he must always be treated gently — a lng list f dn’ts went with him. His skin was very sensitive, and he had t wear a big straw hat whenever he went ut. When the ging gt rugh and he had t climb t the sides f the g-cart, the hat slipped all the way dwn ver his ears. He was a sight. Suddenly, I culd see I was licked. Ddle was my brther
and he was ging t cling t me frever, n matter what I did. I dragged him acrss the burning cttn field t share with him the nly beauty I knew, Old Wman Swamp. His eyes were rund with wnder as he gazed, and his little hands began t strke the rubber grass. Then he began t cry.
“Fr heaven’s sake, what’s the matter?” I asked, annyed. “It’s s pretty,” he said. “S pretty, pretty, pretty.”
The narratr renamed their brther “Ddle” because .
his name sunds t much like that f an ancestr’s B he was always lst and culdn’t change gears
his mvement resembled a ddlebug
he liked t play with ddlebugs
By “I culd see I was licked （Paragraph 3）”, the narratr implied that .
He was aware that he was licked by
He was embarrassed by Ddle’s clumsiness
He felt defeated by Ddle’s cnstant demands
He realized Ddle wuld always be a part f his life
What can yu infer frm the passage abut the narratr’s feelings twards Ddle?
He was indifferent t what Ddle was ding
He resented Ddle fr the attentin he received
He felt a mix f annyance and affectin fr Ddle
He felt prud f Ddle’s prgress and achievements.
C
Universities have bmed in recent decades. In thery, universities shuld be an excellent surce f prductivity grwth. In practice, hwever, the great expansin f higher educatin has cincided with a prductivity slwdwn. A new paper by Ashish Arra and his clleagues, suggests that universities’ rapid grwth and the rich wrld’s stagnant prductivity culd be tw sides f the same cin.
The new paper makes a subtle but devastating suggestin: that when it came t delivering prductivity gains, the ld, big-business mdel f science wrked better than the new, university-led ne. Bradly, they find that scientific breakthrughs frm public institutins “elicit little r n respnse frm established crpratins” ver a number f years. A researcher in a university lab might publish brilliant papers after brilliant paper, pushing the frnt f a discipline. Often, hwever, this has n impact n crpratins’ wn publicatins, their patents r the number f scientists that they emply. And this, in turn, pints t a small impact n ecnmy-wide prductivity.
Why d cmpanies struggle t use ideas prduced by universities? The lss f the crprate lab is ne part f the answer. Such institutins were hme t a lively mixture f thinkers and ders. In the 1940s Bell Labs had the interdisciplinary team f chemists, metallurgists and physicists necessary t slve the verlapping theretical and practical prblems assciated with develping the transistr. That crss-cutting expertise is nw largely gne. Anther part f the answer cncerns universities. Free frm the demands f crprate verlads, research fcuses mre n satisfying geeks’ curisity r bsting citatin cunts than n finding breakthrughs that will change the wrld r make mney. In mderatin, research fr research’s sake is n bad thing; sme breakthrugh technlgies,
such as penicillin, were discvered almst by accident. But if everyne is arguing ver hw many angels dance n the head f a pin, the ecnmy suffers.
When higher-educatin institutins d prduce wrk that is mre relevant t the real wrld, the cnsequences are trubling. As universities prduce mre fresh PhD graduates, cmpanies seem t find it easier t invent new stuff. Yet universities’ patents have an ffsetting effect, prvking crpratins t prduce fewer patents themselves. It is
pssible that existing businesses, wrried abut cmpetitin frm university spinffs, cut back n research and develpment (R&D) in that field. Althugh n ne knws fr sure hw these ppsing effects balance ut, the authrs pint t a net decline in crprate patenting f abut 1.5% a year. The vast fiscal resurces devted t public science, in ther wrds, prbably make businesses acrss the rich wrld less innvative.
Perhaps, with time, universities and the crprate sectr will wrk tgether mre prfitably. And crprate researchers, rather than universities, are driving the current generative AI innvatin bm: in a few cases, the crprate lab has already risen frm the ashes. At sme pint, thugh, gvernments will need t ask themselves hard questins. In a wrld f weak ecnmic grwth, generus public supprt fr universities may cme t seem an unjustifiable luxury.
Accrding t the text, Arra and his clleagues find that .
universities have lng been an imprtant surce f prductivity grwth
universities’ scientific utputs dn’t really impact established crpratins
university-led mdel f science is delivering fewer scientific breakthrughs
big businesses are slw t absrb innvative ideas prduced by universities
Bell Labs are mentined in the text t .
hnr their key cntributins t scientific develpment
highlight a successful crprate-university partnership
indicate the essential cmpnents f successful crprate labs
murn the bygne days f multidisciplinary crprate research
What des the wrd “ffsetting” prbably mean?
A. weakeningB. bstingC. stabilizingD. disrupting
Which f the fllwing statements will the authr mst likely agree with?
Universities shuld expand their cllabratin with crpratins.
Universities shuld play a bigger rle in develping generative AI
The gvernment shuld put in effrt t revive crprate labs.
The gvernment shuld reduce public supprt fr universities.
D
The industrial revlutin was ne f the mst imprtant events in human histry. Over a handful f decades, technlgical breakthrughs kicked ecnmic utput ff its centuries-lng lw plateau and sent ppulatins, living standards and life expectancy saring. Yet fr all its vital imprtance, there is still disagreement ver why all this tk ff.
One f the mst cmpelling arguments cmes frm US ecnmic histrian Rbert Allen, wh argues that Britain’s successes in cmmerce in the 16th and 17th centuries pushed wages up and energy csts dwn, creating strng incentives t substitute energy and capital fr labr and t mechanize manufacturing prcesses. Others place greater emphasis n the rle f UK institutins, while sme argue that innvative ideas emerged as a result f increasing interactins amng grwing and densifying ppulatins.
Anther interesting thery is that f ecnmic histrian Jel Mkyr, wh argues that it was brader cultural change that laid the grundwrk fr the industrial revlutin. Prminent British thinkers including Francis Bacn and Isaac Newtn champined a prgress-riented view f the wrld, centered n the idea that science and experimentatin were key t increasing human wellbeing.
While persuasive, Mkyr’s thery has until recently been nly that: a thery. But a fascinating paper published last mnth puts sme evidence behind the argument. The researchers analyzed the cntents f 173,031 bks printed in England between 1500 and 1900, tracking hw the frequency f different terms changed ver time. They fund a marked increase in the use f terms related t prgress and innvatin starting in the early 17th century.
Extending the same analysis t the present, a striking picture emerges: ver the past 60 years the west has begun t shift away frm the culture f prgress, and twards ne f cautin, wrry and risk-aversin, with ecnmic grwth slwing ver the same perid. The frequency f terms related t prgress, imprvement and the future has drpped by abut 25 percent since the 1960s, while thse related t threats, risks and wrries have becme several times mre cmmn. That simultaneus rise in language assciated with cautin culd well be nt a cincidence but an equal and ppsite frce acting against grwth and prgress.
Ruxandra Tesl, ne f a grwing cmmunity f prgress-fcused writers at the Nexus f science, ecnmics and plicy, argues that the grwing skepticism arund technlgy and the rise in zer-sum thinking in mdern sciety is ne f the defining idelgical challenges f ur time.
Sme may cunter that a rebalancing f pririties frm perpetual advancement t cautin is a gd thing, but this culd be a catastrphic mistake. As well as ecnmic grwth, the drive fr prgress brught us mdern medicine,
significantly lnger and healthier lives, plentiful fd supplies, dramatic reductins in pverty, and ever mre and ever cheaper renewable energy. The challenges facing the mdern wrld will be slved by mre fcus n prgress, nt less. If we are t avid backsliding, advcates fr innvatin, grwth and abundance must defeat the dmers.
What is suggested abut the industrial revlutin frm the first tw paragraphs?
Its cause is a subject f nging schlarly debate.
Its prgress triggered Britain’s institutinal refrms.
Its success is mainly due t British ecnmic plicies.
Its innvatins increased interactins amng ppulatins
Which f the fllwing is true f Mkyr’s thery?
It wes the industrial revlutin t cmmercial success.
Its persuasiveness is supprted by abundant evidence.
It stresses the rle f cultural change in prmting prgress.
Its fcus is n the impact f science upn cultural change.
33 Ruxandra Tesl argues that mdern sciety is .
increasingly fcused n technlgical advances
priritizing ecnmic grwth ver science
struggling with technlgical skepticism
being shaped by multiple idelgies
What might be the best title fr this article?
The Industrial Revlutin: Key Inventins and Ecnmic Impact
Prgress Culture: Its Rle in Histry and Risks f Decline Tday
Debating Technlgical Skepticism: Prs and Cns f Cautin
Hw Ecnmic Grwth Slws: Analyzing 60 Years f Data
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw t Imprve Yur Handwriting
With mst f tday’s written cmmunicatin typed ut, yu may nt see much f a reasn t imprve yur handwriting. But frm time t time, yu still need t fill ut paper frms — and that’s exactly when yu’ll realize yur script lks nt great. 35
Yu can start by giving yurself a fighting chance: sit dwn at a stable, spacius table r desk where yu can write at yur leisure. 36 If yu’re a leftie, stay away frm brad-nibbed funtain pens that might dispense a
lt f ink with each strke — yu’ll likely end up with smudged wrds all ver yur page as yur hand crsses yur freshly written letters. Gel pens and ballpint pens are usually quick-drying, s starting with thse is a gd idea. Righties have fewer restrictins, as mst writing tls wrk well fr them.
Once yu have yur tls and setup, it’s time t write. 37 It can be anything: a stry, yur train f
thught, r a transcriptin f a sng yu like.
When yu write, d it at a nrmal pace and pay attentin t hw yu hld the pen. If yur nails turn white frm the frce yu’re exerting, yur grip is t strng — relax yur hand and try again. This is imprtant because an excessively strng grip will lead t pain and discmfrt, which can result in hand and wrist cramping, r even injury. On tp f that, pain will affect the cnsistency f yur handwriting and eventually deter yu frm putting pen t paper at all, rendering this whle prcess useless.
38 Pay attentin t spacing, the slant f yur letters, their height, their frm, and their psitin relative
t the guidelines yu’re using. The mst imprtant elements t fcus n are cnsistency and legibility, s g thrugh yur lines and highlight which wrds and letters differ mst frm the rest, and which culd be misread.
Yu knw repetitin is key t learning, and nly thrugh writing — again and again — will yur bdy get used t the changes yu want t make t yur persnal script. 39 Yu can d this by taking up a hbby like
jurnaling r meditative writing. This will give yu the pprtunity t sit dwn fr a few minutes each day and put yur grwing skills t gd use.
A Then get a pen yu like.
Next, find a paper layut angle that suits yur writing.
Start by filling half t a whle page with fresh handwriting.
The gd news is, it’s never t late t get better at handwriting.
When yu’re dne writing yur practice page, take a lk and analyze it.
Yu can als write dwn yur wn train f thught if yu can keep up with it.
A helpful way t practice is t make these exercises part f yur everyday life.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
When Dr. Hendersn was assigning prject mates fr his psychlgy class, I secretly hped he wuld pair me
with my best friend r at least a classmate I culd have fun with. Abve all, I prayed he wuldn’t assign me t wrk with that fiercely cmpetitive, verly serius fellw wh always wre dark clthes — his persnality seemed t match his attire. But fate had ther plans: Dr. Hendersn deliberately paired everyne up and annunced I’d be wrking with the very persn I’d wanted t avid.
I apprached my new teammate t intrduce myself, but he lked at me as if I weren’t even there. I felt he saw me as dead weight, smene wh might keep him frm getting an A. He wasn’t mean, just distant — like he’d fare better tackling the prject alne.
Needless t say, I dreaded an entire term f being brushed ff. But I bit my tngue, trying t make the best f it, afraid f making things wrse.
The prject required develping a hypthesis, designing an experiment, cnducting statistical analysis, and presenting findings — with bth teammates sharing the final grade.
When we met t discuss plans, I felt uneasy. Here was this intense student, knwn fr single - minded fcus and tp grades — the plar ppsite f me. I even thught abut drpping the class but held back, nt wanting him t see me chicken ut. I reslved t stick it ut.
After lengthy discussins, we settled n studying teenagers’ psychlgical well-being. I wasn’t sure what that entailed, but at least we had a tpic.
We met regularly t plan, but I hesitated t share ideas, fearing I’d hld him back. I just ndded when he asked if things were kay this way r that, figuring persuading him was impssible. I started cunting the minutes until we culd leave — and he seemed t d the same. I just wanted presentatin day t cme sner.
Then I heard he’d been admitted t the hspital with a serius illness. I felt terrible and knew I had t visit. He lked surprised when I walked int his ward with flwers and fruit. I ffered t finish the prject, and t my shck, he asked me t share my ideas t imprve it.
We finally wrked as a real team, finishing n time. Our hard wrk paid ff — Dr. Hendersn was thrilled with ur findings. Thrugh it all, we learned the true value f teamwrk. As they say, ne persn can g fast, but tgether we can g far.
Whm did I expect t wrk with n the prject?
What did Dr. Hendersn’s assignment invlve?
Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
When he asked if things were kay this way r that, I just ndded because his ideas were rather persuasive.
What wuld yu d if yu were teamed up with smene yu dn’t like fr a prject? （In abut 40 wrds）
第二节（20 分）
假设你是高三学生李华，你的国际好友 Jim 来信询问你的暑假生活。请你用英文给他回信，内容包括：
简要介绍你的暑假；
分享你暑假做的一件有意义的事。注意：
词数 100 左右；
开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim,
Yurs, Li Hua
人大附中 2026 届高三 8 月自主复习检测练习
英语
说明：本试卷共 8 页，共 100 分；考试时间 90 分钟；请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将条形码贴在答题卡的相应位置上。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Arriving in the U.K. fr university, I was eager t jin plitical science debates. In my first tutrial, I presented ideas n glbal inequality, but my stumbling speech and thick accent left thers 1 — n ne understd my
pints. I felt invisible, my vice lst in a haze f misprnunciatins and awkward pauses.
This experience slwly weakened my cnfidence. I stpped speaking in class, cnvinced that my “brken English” was 2 f attentin. Then, a qute by Chimamanda Adichie 3 me: staying silent allwed thers
t “define my stry”. I prmised 4 my vice — nt by masking my accent, but by mastering clarity. I carefully
recrded each practice speech, adjusting tne and pace until my meaning 5 and sught feedback t priritize
structure ver perfectin. 6, small signs f prgress emerged: a classmate leaning in with a nd, and a tutr
scribbling “excellent pint” beside my name.
The turning pint came during a debate n refugee (难民) plicies. Hands trembling, I started t share my living experience in Lags. The rm fell 7. When I finished, the tutr said, “That’s the 8 we’ve been
missing”. Fr the first time, my wrds felt nt like barriers, but bridges cnnecting diverse minds.
This jurney taught me t wn my narrative 9. My accent is a part f my 10, nt a flaw t erase.
1. A. unfavrable
B. unbelievable
C. unsupprtive
D. unrespnsive
2 A. incapable
B. unaware
C. unwrthy
D. free
3. A. struck
B. cnfused
C. pleased
D. shcked
4. A. reclaim
B. lift
C. gain
D. silence
5. A. cut in
B. cut ff
C. cut up
D. cut thrugh
6. A. Randmly
B. Gradually
C. Punctually
D. Regularly
7. A. dark
B. empty
C. silent
D. still
8. A. lessn
B. wisdm
C. chance
D. perspective
Language, I’ve realized, requires the curage t share truth. In a wrld hungry fr different vices, believing in the value f ur wn vices is the bldest act.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者赴英读大学后，因英语不佳在课堂沉默，受名言启发练习提升表达，难民政策辩论中分享经历获认可，明白口音是身份部分，应勇敢表达自我。
【1 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的第一次辅导课上，我提出了关于全球不平等的观点，但我的结结巴巴的演讲和浓重的口音让其他人毫无反应——没有人理解我的观点。A. unfavrable 不利的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. unsupprtive 不支持的；D. unrespnsive 无反应的。根据后文“n ne understd my pints”可知，没有人理解作者的观点，所以此处指其他人对作者的观点毫无反应。故选 D。
【2 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不再在课堂上说话了，因为我确信我的“蹩脚英语”不值得关注。A. incapable 无能力的；B. unaware 未意识到的；C. unwrthy 不值得的；D. free 自由的。根据前文“I stpped speaking in class”可知，作者在课堂上不再说话了，所以此处指他确信自己的“蹩脚英语”不值得关注。故选 C。
【3 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后，奇曼达·阿迪奇的一句话深深触动了我：“保持沉默就等于让别人来 ‘定义我的故事’。”A. struck 打击；B. cnfused 使困惑；C. pleased 取悦；D. shcked 使震惊。根据后文 “I prmised 4my vice — nt by masking my accent, but by mastering clarity.”可知，Adichie 的名言给了作者触动和启发。故选 A。
【4 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发誓要重新找回自己的声音——不是通过掩饰我的口音，而是通过掌握清晰度。A. reclaim 收回，重新获得；B. lift 举起；C. gain 获得；D. silence 使沉默。根据后文“nt by masking my accent, but by mastering clarity”可知，作者要通过掌握清晰度来重新找回自己的声音。故选 A。
【5 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我仔细地记录每一次练习演讲，调整语气和速度，直到我的意思表达清楚，并寻求反馈，把结构放在首位，而不是追求完美。A. cut in 插嘴；B. cut ff 切断；C. cut up 切碎；D. cut thrugh 穿透，表达清楚。根据前文“n ne understd my pints”以及“adjusting tne and pace”可知，作者调整语气和速度是为了让意思表达清楚，从而让别人明白。故选 D。
【6 题详解】
A. cautiusly
A. identity
B. bravely
B. persnality
C. skeptically
C. advantage
D. attentively
D. dignity
【答案】1. D
2. C
3. A4. A
5. D
6. B7. C
8. D
9. B10. A
【解析】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，一些微小的进步迹象显现出来：一位同学微微侧身点头示意，还有那位导师在我的名字旁写下“精彩观点”。A. Randmly 随机地；B. Gradually 逐渐地；C. Punctually 准时地；
D. Regularly 定期地。根据后文“a classmate leaning in with a nd, and a tutr scribbling “excellent pint” beside my name”可知，后文“同学点头、导师标注‘好观点’”是“小的进步迹象”，结合前文作者持续练习可知，进步是逐步出现的。故选 B。
【7 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：房间里顿时安静了下来。A. dark 黑暗的；B. empty 空的；C. silent 沉默的；
D. still 静止的。根据上文可知，作者分享在拉各斯的生活经历（与难民政策相关的真实体验），结合后文导师肯定作者的发言可知，此时房间应是安静的，大家专注倾听。故选 C。
【8 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我说完后，导师说：“这就是我们一直缺失的观点”。A. lessn 课程；B. wisdm 智慧；C. chance 机会；D. perspective 观点。根据前文“share my living experience in Lags”可知，作者分享了在拉各斯的生活经历，所以此处指导师说这是他们一直缺失的观点。故选 D。
【9 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这次经历让我学会了勇敢地讲述自己的故事。A. cautiusly 谨慎地；B. bravely勇敢地；C. skeptically 怀疑地；D. attentively 注意地。根据前文“Fr the first time, my wrds felt nt like barriers, but bridges cnnecting diverse minds.(这是我第一次觉得自己的话语不再是一种阻碍，而是一道道桥梁，将各种不同的思想连接在一起)”可知，作者从沉默到勇敢发言，再到获得认可，可知这段经历教会作者勇敢地掌控自己的叙事。B 项“bravely”（勇敢地）呼应“从自卑到自信” 的转变；故选 B。
【10 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的口音是我的一部分特质，而非需要消除的缺陷。A. identity 身份；B. persnality 个性；C. advantage 优点；D. dignity 尊严。口音是作者身份的一部分（来自非英语国家的背景），而非需要消除的缺陷。A 项“identity”（身份）符合“口音与个人背景关联” 的语境。故选 A。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Lngji Rice Terraces stand as a stunning testament t the harmnius cexistence f humans and nature. They 11 (build) by the lcal Zhuang and Ya peple, t whm Guangxi is hme. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty,
wrk n the terraces tk hundreds f years. The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds f waterways that cnnect with each ther. During the rainy seasn, it is alng these waterways that rainwater mves 12 the
muntains and int the terraces. These terraces als prvide a perfect envirnment fr birds and fish, sme f which feed n insects 13 can harm the rice crps. Tday the Lngji Rice terraces attract thusands f visitrs wh
cme t admire this great wnder created by peple and nature wrking tgether.
【答案】11. were built
12. dwn13. that
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了广西龙脊梯田的建造者、历史及生态作用。
【11 题详解】
考查动词语态和时态。句意：它们是由当地的壮族和瑶族人民建造的，广西是他们的家园。此处为谓语动词，梯田的建造是过去发生的事情，且主语 They（指代 The Lngji Rice Terraces）与 build 为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，所以谓语动词为 were built。故填 were built。
【12 题详解】
考查介词。句意：在雨季，雨水正是沿着这些水道从山上流下，进入梯田。结合常识，雨水从山上“向下”流，用介词 dwn，意为“向下、沿着”。故填 dwn。
【13 题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了完美的生存环境，其中一些鸟类和鱼类以会损害水稻作物的昆虫为食。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为 insects，指物，在从句中作主语，该定语从句修饰的先行词所在的句子主句为“sme f which”，所以此处只能用关系代词 that。故填 that。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
One day, a man fund the pupa f a butterfly. 14 (see) an pening in the pupa, he realized that the
butterfly was ready t emerge. S he sat dwn and watched as the butterfly struggled t frce its bdy thrugh the little hle. Hwever, minutes passed and the butterfly still culdn’t get ut. The struggle was t hard fr its weak bdy. The man then kindly 15 (enlarge) the hle in the pupa s that the butterfly culd finally break free.
16 instead f flying away, it just dragged itself arund weakly, then died. The struggle t break ut f the
pupa was necessary fr the butterfly’s 17 (survive) because it enabled its wings and bdy t grw strng.
Withut the struggle, it was t weak t live.
【答案】14. Seeing
15. enlarged
16. But17. survival
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇寓言故事。主要介绍的是蝴蝶破茧过程中挣扎的必要性及其对生命成长的重要意义。
【14 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：看到蛹壳上出现了一个开口，他意识到蝴蝶即将破茧而出。此处 see 与 he 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填 Seeing。
【15 题详解】
考查时态。句意：随后，这个男人小心翼翼地扩大了蛹上的洞口，以便蝴蝶最终能够挣脱出来。发生在过去用一般过去时。故填 enlarged。
【16 题详解】
考查连词。句意：但它并没有飞走，而是虚弱地拖着身体四处乱转，最终死去。前文提到男人好心扩大洞口帮蝴蝶脱困，后文讲蝴蝶反而虚弱死去，前后为转折关系，且空后无逗号，用 but，首字母大写。故填 But。
【17 题详解】
考查名词。句意：蝴蝶破茧而出的过程对于其生存来说是必不可少的，因为这一过程能让其翅膀和身体变得强壮。根据空前有名词所有格“the butterfly’s”，需用名词形式 survival。故填 survival。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Fr tday’s increasingly intercnnected fd supply chains, “efficient” is what it’s suppsed t be: Each cuntry specializes in what it’s best at and puts it n the glbal market. 18 (prduce) and prcessrs within cuntries
specialize, t, as a way 19 (minimize) csts. As a result, at least in thery, prices stay lw, the wrld gets
fed and everyne wins. Hwever, the crnavirus crisis demnstrates 20 is wrng with this apprach. When
barriers prevent fd frm reaching its markets, r demand suddenly drps, the system falls apart.
【答案】18. Prducers
t minimize
what
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出当前互联食品供应链追求高效，各国及内部参与者分工以降低成本，但新冠疫情暴露此模式缺陷，即遇阻碍或需求下降时系统易崩溃。
【18 题详解】
考查名词。句意：各国的生产商和加工企业也会进行专业化分工，以此来降低生产成本。此处与空后的
“prcessrs”（加工商）为并列关系，均指供应链中的参与者，需用 prduce 的名词形式 prducer，且表示泛指，故填复数。故填 Prducers。
【19 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：各国的生产商和加工企业也会进行专业化分工，以此来降低生产成本。名词 way
后跟不定式作后置定语。故填 t minimize。
【20 题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：然而，此次新冠病毒危机揭示了这种做法存在的问题。引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物。故填 what。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Where t Eat in Bangkk
Bangkk is a highly desirable destinatin fr fd lvers. It has a seemingly bttmless well f dining ptins.
Here are sme suggestins n where t start yur Bangkk eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm prvides the best f Bangkk culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the nly Thai restaurant that ranks amng the tp 10 f the wrld’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thmpsn, wh received a Michelin star fr his Lndn-based Thai restaurant f the same name, pened this branch in the
Metrplitan Htel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internatinally knwn Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkk restaurant. The menu in this beautiful clnial huse includes traditinal Thai cuisine cmbined with mdern cking methds. B.lan
B.lan has been making waves in Bangkk’s culinary scene since it pened in 2009. Serving hard-t-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmsphere, the restaurant is true t Thai cuisine’s rts, yet still manages t add a special twist. This place is gd fr a candle-lit dinner r a wrk meeting with clleagues wh appreciate fine fd. Fr thse extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place n the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, prgressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is ne f the mst exciting venues (场所) t arrive in Bangkk in recent years. The best table in this tw-stry clnial
Thai hme ffers a windw right int the kitchen, where yu can see chef Gaggan and his staff in actin. Culinary theater at its best.
What d Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in cmmn?
They adpt mdern cking methds.B. They have branches in Lndn.
C. They have tp-class chefs.D. They are based in htels.
Which restaurant ffers a large set menu?
A. Gaggan.B. B. lan.C. Issaya Siamese Club.D. Nahm.
What is special abut Gaggan?
It hires staff frm India.B. It puts n a play every day.
C. It serves hard-t-find lcal dishes.D. It shws the cking prcess t guests.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。
【21 题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题 Nahm 下的段落中“Head Chef David Thmpsn, wh received a Michelin star fr his Ldn-based Thai restaurant f the same name, pened this branch in the Metrplitan Htel in 2010. (主厨大
卫·汤普森(David Thmpsn)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于 2010 年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店)”以及小标题 Issays Stamese Club 下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is intematinally knw Thai chef lan Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkk restaurant. (Issaya Siamese Club 是国际知名的泰国厨师 lan Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm 和 Issaya Siamese Club 的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选 C项。
【22 题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题 B. tan 下的段落中“Fr thse extremely hungry there’s a large set menu. (对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，B. tan 提供大型套餐。故选 B 项。
【23 题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题 Gaggan 下的段落中“The best table in this tw-stry clnial Thai hme ffers a windw right int the kitchen, where yu can see chef Gaggan and his staff in actin. (在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到 Gaggan 厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知， Gaggan 的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选 D 项。
【点睛】
B
It was bad enugh having an invalid brther. Hwever, ne afternn as I watched him, my head pked between the irn psts f the ft f the bed, he lked straight at me and grinned. I skipped thrugh the rms, shuting, “Mama, he smiled. He’s all there!”. As lng as he lay all the time in bed, we called him William Armstrng, even thugh it was frmal and sunded as if we were referring t ne f ur ancestrs. But with his creeping arund n the deerskin rug and beginning t talk, smething had t be dne abut his name.
It was I wh renamed him. When he crawled, he crawled backwards, as if he were in reverse and culdn’t change gears. If yu called him, he’d turn arund as if he were ging in the ther directin, then he’d back right up t yu t be picked up. Crawling backward made him lk like a ddlebug, s I began t call him Ddle. Renaming my brther was perhaps the kindest thing I ever did fr him, because nbdy expects much f smene called Ddle. Althugh Ddle learned t crawl, he shwed n signs f walking, but he wasn’t idle. He talked s much that we all quit listening t what he said.
It was abut this time that Daddy built him a g-cart and I had t pull him arund. The mment I picked up my cap, he started crying t g with me and Mama wuld call frm wherever she was, “Take Ddle with yu”. He was a burden in many ways. The dctr had said that he mustn’t get t excited, t ht, t cld, r t tired and that he must always be treated gently — a lng list f dn’ts went with him. His skin was very sensitive, and he had t wear a big straw hat whenever he went ut. When the ging gt rugh and he had t climb t the sides f the g-cart, the hat slipped all the way dwn ver his ears. He was a sight. Suddenly, I culd see I was licked. Ddle was my brther
and he was ging t cling t me frever, n matter what I did. I dragged him acrss the burning cttn field t share with him the nly beauty I knew, Old Wman Swamp. His eyes were rund with wnder as he gazed, and his little hands began t strke the rubber grass. Then he began t cry.
“Fr heaven’s sake what’s the matter?” I asked, annyed.
“It’s s pretty,” he said. “S pretty, pretty, pretty.”
The narratr renamed their brther “Ddle” because .
his name sunds t much like that f an ancestr’s
he was always lst and culdn’t change gears
his mvement resembled a ddlebug
he liked t play with ddlebugs
By “I culd see I was licked （Paragraph 3）”, the narratr implied that .
He was aware that he was licked by
He was embarrassed by Ddle’s clumsiness
He felt defeated by Ddle’s cnstant demands
He realized Ddle wuld always be a part f his life
What can yu infer frm the passage abut the narratr’s feelings twards Ddle?
He was indifferent t what Ddle was ding
He resented Ddle fr the attentin he received
He felt a mix f annyance and affectin fr Ddle
He felt prud f Ddle’s prgress and achievements.
【答案】24. C25. D26. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者有个身体不便的弟弟，为其改名“Ddle”，并通过日常相处的小事，展现两人间复杂的情感联结。
【24 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When he crawled, he crawled backwards, as if he were in reverse and culdn’t change gears. If yu called him, he’d turn arund as if he were ging in the ther directin, then he’d back right up t yu t be picked up. Crawling backward made him lk like a ddlebug, s I began t call him Ddle.(他爬行 时是倒着爬的，仿佛处于倒退状态，无法换挡。你叫他时，他会转过身来，像是要往相反方向走，然后径直退到你面前让你抱。倒着爬让他看起来像一只蚁狮，所以我开始叫他 Ddle)”可知，作者给弟弟改名“Ddle”
是因为弟弟倒着爬的动作像蚁狮。故选 C 项。
【25 题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Ddle was my brther and he was ging t cling t me frever, n matter what I did.(Ddle 是我的弟弟，无论我做什么，他都会永远依赖我)”可知，前文的“I culd see I was licked”是指作者意识到弟弟会永远成为自己生活的一部分，无论自己如何，都无法摆脱这份联结。故选 D 项。
【26 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He was a burden in many ways. The dctr had said that he mustn’t get t excited, t ht, t cld, r t tired and that he must always be treated gently — a lng list f dn’ts went with him. His skin was very sensitive, and he had t wear a big straw hat whenever he went ut. When the ging gt rugh and he had t climb t the sides f the g-cart, the hat slipped all the way dwn ver his ears. He was a sight. (从很多方面
来看，他都是个“负担”。医生曾叮嘱，他绝不能太激动、不能太热、不能太冷，也不能太劳累，而且旁人
对他必须始终温和——关于他的禁忌清单一长串。他的皮肤格外敏感，每次出门都得戴一顶大大的草帽。遇上路况不好，他得抓着儿童手推车的侧边往上爬时，那顶帽子就会一路滑下来，把他的耳朵都盖住。他那模
样，着实滑稽)”和“Ddle was my brther and he was ging t cling t me frever, n matter what I did. I dragged him acrss the burning cttn field t share with him the nly beauty I knew, Old Wman Swamp.(Ddle 是我的
弟弟，无论我做什么，他都会一直黏着我。我拖着他穿过灼热的棉花田，想带他看看我所知道的唯一一处美景
—— 老妇沼泽)”以及第二段中的“Renaming my brther was perhaps the kindest thing I ever did fr him, because nbdy expects much f smene called Ddle.(给弟弟改名或许是我为他做过的最善良的事，因为没人会对 一个叫 Ddle 的人抱有过高期望)”可知，作者既觉得弟弟是负担、对其有些不耐烦（如觉得他滑稽、拖拽他），又会主动带弟弟感受美好、为他着想，体现出对弟弟混杂着厌烦与喜爱的情感。故选 C 项。
C
Universities have bmed in recent decades. In thery, universities shuld be an excellent surce f prductivity grwth. In practice, hwever, the great expansin f higher educatin has cincided with a prductivity slwdwn. A new paper by Ashish Arra and his clleagues, suggests that universities’ rapid grwth and the rich wrld’s stagnant prductivity culd be tw sides f the same cin.
The new paper makes a subtle but devastating suggestin: that when it came t delivering prductivity gains, the ld, big-business mdel f science wrked better than the new, university-led ne. Bradly, they find that scientific breakthrughs frm public institutins “elicit little r n respnse frm established crpratins” ver a number f years. A researcher in a university lab might publish brilliant papers after brilliant paper, pushing the frnt f a discipline. Often, hwever, this has n impact n crpratins’ wn publicatins, their patents r the number f scientists that they emply. And this, in turn, pints t a small impact n ecnmy-wide prductivity.
Why d cmpanies struggle t use ideas prduced by universities? The lss f the crprate lab is ne part f the answer. Such institutins were hme t a lively mixture f thinkers and ders. In the 1940s Bell Labs had the interdisciplinary team f chemists, metallurgists and physicists necessary t slve the verlapping theretical and practical prblems assciated with develping the transistr. That crss-cutting expertise is nw largely gne. Anther part f the answer cncerns universities. Free frm the demands f crprate verlads, research fcuses mre n satisfying geeks’ curisity r bsting citatin cunts than n finding breakthrughs that will change the wrld r make mney. In mderatin, research fr research’s sake is n bad thing; sme breakthrugh technlgies, such as penicillin, were discvered almst by accident. But if everyne is arguing ver hw many angels dance n the head f a pin, the ecnmy suffers.
When higher-educatin institutins d prduce wrk that is mre relevant t the real wrld, the cnsequences are trubling. As universities prduce mre fresh PhD graduates, cmpanies seem t find it easier t invent new stuff. Yet universities’ patents have an ffsetting effect, prvking crpratins t prduce fewer patents themselves. It is
pssible that existing businesses, wrried abut cmpetitin frm university spinffs, cut back n research and
develpment (R&D) in that field. Althugh n ne knws fr sure hw these ppsing effects balance ut, the authrs pint t a net decline in crprate patenting f abut 1.5% a year. The vast fiscal resurces devted t public science, in ther wrds, prbably make businesses acrss the rich wrld less innvative.
Perhaps, with time, universities and the crprate sectr will wrk tgether mre prfitably. And crprate researchers, rather than universities, are driving the current generative AI innvatin bm: in a few cases, the crprate lab has already risen frm the ashes. At sme pint, thugh, gvernments will need t ask themselves hard questins. In a wrld f weak ecnmic grwth, generus public supprt fr universities may cme t seem an unjustifiable luxury.
Accrding t the text, Arra and his clleagues find that .
universities have lng been an imprtant surce f prductivity grwth
universities’ scientific utputs dn’t really impact established crpratins
university-led mdel f science is delivering fewer scientific breakthrughs
big businesses are slw t absrb innvative ideas prduced by universities
Bell Labs are mentined in the text t .
hnr their key cntributins t scientific develpment
highlight a successful crprate-university partnership
indicate the essential cmpnents f successful crprate labs
murn the bygne days f multidisciplinary crprate research
What des the wrd “ffsetting” prbably mean?
A. weakeningB. bstingC. stabilizingD. disrupting
Which f the fllwing statements will the authr mst likely agree with?
Universities shuld expand their cllabratin with crpratins.
Universities shuld play a bigger rle in develping generative AI
The gvernment shuld put in effrt t revive crprate labs.
The gvernment shuld reduce public supprt fr universities.
【答案】27. B28. C29. A30. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出近几十年大学扩张却遇生产力放缓，研究显示大学主导科研模式对企业影响小、难促经济生产力，分析原因并提及校企合作或有改善可能，还提到政府需反思对大学的支持。
【27 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Often, hwever, this has n impact n crpratins’ wn publicatins, their patents r the
number f scientists that they emply.(然而，通常情况下，这并不会对企业的自身出版物、其专利以及所雇用的科研人员数量产生任何影响)”可知，阿罗拉及其团队发现，大学的科研成果实际上并不会对已有的企业产生实质性影响。故选 B。
【28 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Why d cmpanies struggle t use ideas prduced by universities? The lss f the crprate lab is ne part f the answer. Such institutins were hme t a lively mixture f thinkers and ders. In the 1940s Bell Labs had the interdisciplinary team f chemists, metallurgists and physicist s necessary t slve the
verlapping theretical and practical prblems assciated with develping the transistr. That crss-cutting expertise is nw largely gne. Anther part f the answer cncerns universities. Free frm the demands f crprate verlads, research fcuses mre n satisfying geeks’ curisity r bsting citatin cunts than n finding breakthrughs that will change the wrld r make mney. In mderatin, research fr research’s sake is n bad thing; sme breakthrugh technlgies, such as penicillin, were discvered almst by accident. But if everyne is arguing ver hw many angels dance n the head f a pin, the ecnmy suffers.(为何企业难以将大学所提出的创意付诸实践？企业实验
室的消失是其中的一个原因。这类机构汇聚了众多富有创造力和执行力的人才。在 20 世纪 40 年代，贝尔
实验室就拥有一支由化学家、冶金学家和物理学家组成的跨学科团队，他们能够解决与开发晶体管相关的理论与实践问题的交叉难题。而如今这种综合性的专业知识已大为缺失。另一个原因则与大学有关。摆脱了企业带来的繁重压力，研究更多地侧重于满足极客们的求知欲或提高论文引用次数，而非寻求能够改变世界或创造财富的突破性成果。适度地进行纯粹为了研究而进行的研究并非坏事；一些突破性的技术，比如青霉素，就是几乎是在偶然中被发现的。但如果所有人都在为针尖上能站多少个天使这种无关紧要的问题争论不休，经济就会因此受损)”可知，文中提及贝尔实验室是为了说明成功企业实验室所必备的要素。故选 C。
【29 题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“prvking crpratins t prduce fewer patents themselves(导致企业自身专利 减少)”可知，前文则说“大学培养更多博士让企业更容易创新（本应促进企业专利增加）”，前后形成 “促进”与“减少”的对立，故“ffsetting”意为“抵消、削弱”，与 A 项“weakening”（削弱）同义。故选 A。
【30 题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Perhaps, with time, universities and the crprate sectr will wrk tgether mre prfitably.(或许，随着时间的推移，大学和企业界能够更有效地开展合作)”可知，大学应当加强与企业的合
作最能反映作者的观点。故选 A。
D
The industrial revlutin was ne f the mst imprtant events in human histry. Over a handful f decades,
technlgical breakthrughs kicked ecnmic utput ff its centuries-lng lw plateau and sent ppulatins, living standards and life expectancy saring. Yet fr all its vital imprtance, there is still disagreement ver why all this tk ff.
One f the mst cmpelling arguments cmes frm US ecnmic histrian Rbert Allen, wh argues that Britain’s successes in cmmerce in the 16th and 17th centuries pushed wages up and energy csts dwn, creating strng incentives t substitute energy and capital fr labr and t mechanize manufacturing prcesses. Others place greater emphasis n the rle f UK institutins, while sme argue that innvative ideas emerged as a result f increasing interactins amng grwing and densifying ppulatins.
Anther interesting thery is that f ecnmic histrian Jel Mkyr, wh argues that it was brader cultural change that laid the grundwrk fr the industrial revlutin. Prminent British thinkers including Francis Bacn and Isaac Newtn champined a prgress-riented view f the wrld, centered n the idea that science and experimentatin were key t increasing human wellbeing.
While persuasive, Mkyr’s thery has until recently been nly that: a thery. But a fascinating paper published last mnth puts sme evidence behind the argument. The researchers analyzed the cntents f 173,031 bks printed in England between 1500 and 1900, tracking hw the frequency f different terms changed ver time. They fund a marked increase in the use f terms related t prgress and innvatin starting in the early 17th century.
Extending the same analysis t the present, a striking picture emerges: ver the past 60 years the west has begun t shift away frm the culture f prgress, and twards ne f cautin, wrry and risk-aversin, with ecnmic grwth slwing ver the same perid. The frequency f terms related t prgress, imprvement and the future has drpped by abut 25 percent since the 1960s, while thse related t threats, risks and wrries have becme several times mre cmmn. That simultaneus rise in language assciated with cautin culd well be nt a cincidence but an equal and ppsite frce acting against grwth and prgress.
Ruxandra Tesl, ne f a grwing cmmunity f prgress-fcused writers at the Nexus f science, ecnmics and plicy, argues that the grwing skepticism arund technlgy and the rise in zer-sum thinking in mdern sciety is ne f the defining idelgical challenges f ur time.
Sme may cunter that a rebalancing f pririties frm perpetual advancement t cautin is a gd thing, but this culd be a catastrphic mistake. As well as ecnmic grwth, the drive fr prgress brught us mdern medicine, significantly lnger and healthier lives, plentiful fd supplies, dramatic reductins in pverty, and ever mre and ever cheaper renewable energy. The challenges facing the mdern wrld will be slved by mre fcus n prgress, nt less. If we are t avid backsliding, advcates fr innvatin, grwth and abundance must defeat the dmers.
What is suggested abut the industrial revlutin frm the first tw paragraphs?
Its cause is a subject f nging schlarly debate.
Its prgress triggered Britain’s institutinal refrms.
Its success is mainly due t British ecnmic plicies.
Its innvatins increased interactins amng ppulatins
Which f the fllwing is true f Mkyr’s thery?
It wes the industrial revlutin t cmmercial success.
Its persuasiveness is supprted by abundant evidence.
It stresses the rle f cultural change in prmting prgress.
Its fcus is n the impact f science upn cultural change.
Ruxandra Tesl argues that mdern sciety is .
increasingly fcused n technlgical advances
priritizing ecnmic grwth ver science
struggling with technlgical skepticism
being shaped by multiple idelgies
What might be the best title fr this article?
The Industrial Revlutin: Key Inventins and Ecnmic Impact
Prgress Culture: Its Rle in Histry and Risks f Decline Tday
Debating Technlgical Skepticism: Prs and Cns f Cautin
Hw Ecnmic Grwth Slws: Analyzing 60 Years f Data
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. C 34. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨工业革命的成因及相关理论，还分析当下西方社会“进步文化”衰退现象，并强调重视进步对解决现代挑战的重要性。
【31 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Yet fr all its vital imprtance, there is still disagreement ver why all this tk ff.(然而，尽管它至关重要，人们对这一切为何会发生仍存在分歧。)”以及第二段中的“One f the mst cmpelling arguments cmes frm US ecnmic histrian Rbert Allen, wh argues that Britain’s successes in
cmmerce in the 16th and 17th centuries pushed wages up and energy csts dwn, creating strng incentives t substitute energy and capital fr labr and t mechanize manufacturing prcesses. Others place greater emphasis n the rle f UK institutins, while sme argue that innvative ideas emerged as a result f increasing interactins
amng grwing and densifying ppulatins.(最有说服力的观点之一来自美国经济历史学家罗伯特·艾伦，他
认为英国在 16 和 17 世纪的商业成功推高了工资，降低了能源成本，从而产生了用能源和资本替代劳动力以及实现制造流程机械化的强烈动机。另一些人则更强调英国制度的作用，而有些人则认为，创新思想是在不断增长和密集的人口之间互动增加的结果。)”可知，对于工业革命的起因，不同学者有不同观点，说明其成因仍是学术界持续争论的话题。故选 A 项。
【32 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Anther interesting thery is that f ecnmic histrian Jel Mkyr, wh argues that it was brader cultural change that laid the grundwrk fr the industrial revlutin.(另一个有趣的理论来自经济 历史学家乔尔·莫基尔，他认为是更广泛的文化变革为工业革命奠定了基础。)”可知，莫基尔的理论强调了文化变革在推动工业革命（进步）中的作用。故选 C 项。
【33 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Ruxandra Tesl, ne f a grwing cmmunity f prgress-fcused writers at the Nexus f science, ecnmics and plicy, argues that the grwing skepticism arund technlgy and the rise in zer- sum thinking in mdern sciety is ne f the defining idelgical challenges f ur time.(鲁克桑德拉·特斯洛是科学、经济和政策交汇领域中日益壮大的关注进步的作家群体之一，她认为，现代社会中对技术日益增长的怀疑态度以及零和思维的兴起，是我们这个时代标志性的意识形态挑战之一。)”可知，鲁克桑德拉·特斯
洛认为现代社会正受技术怀疑主义的困扰。故选 C 项。
【34 题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段引出工业革命及其成因争议，第二、三段介绍不同学者对工业革命成因的理论（尤其莫基尔强调的文化变革），第四段用研究证据支持莫基尔理论中“进步文化”的作用，第五至七段转而分析当下西方“进步文化”衰退、谨慎文化兴起的现象及危害，并强调重视进步的重要性。因此“进步文化：其在历史中的作用及如今衰退的风险”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选 B 项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw t Imprve Yur Handwriting
With mst f tday’s written cmmunicatin typed ut, yu may nt see much f a reasn t imprve yur handwriting. But frm time t time, yu still need t fill ut paper frms — and that’s exactly when yu’ll realize yur script lks nt great. 35
Yu can start by giving yurself a fighting chance: sit dwn at a stable, spacius table r desk where yu can write at yur leisure. 36 If yu’re a leftie, stay away frm brad-nibbed funtain pens that might dispense a
lt f ink with each strke — yu’ll likely end up with smudged wrds all ver yur page as yur hand crsses yur
freshly written letters. Gel pens and ballpint pens are usually quick-drying, s starting with thse is a gd idea. Righties have fewer restrictins, as mst writing tls wrk well fr them.
Once yu have yur tls and setup, it’s time t write. 37 It can be anything: a stry, yur train f
thught, r a transcriptin f a sng yu like.
When yu write, d it at a nrmal pace and pay attentin t hw yu hld the pen. If yur nails turn white frm the frce yu’re exerting, yur grip is t strng — relax yur hand and try again. This is imprtant because an excessively strng grip will lead t pain and discmfrt, which can result in hand and wrist cramping, r even injury. On tp f that, pain will affect the cnsistency f yur handwriting and eventually deter yu frm putting pen t paper at all, rendering this whle prcess useless.
38 Pay attentin t spacing, the slant f yur letters, their height, their frm, and their psitin relative
t the guidelines yu’re using. The mst imprtant elements t fcus n are cnsistency and legibility, s g thrugh yur lines and highlight which wrds and letters differ mst frm the rest, and which culd be misread.
Yu knw repetitin is key t learning, and nly thrugh writing — again and again — will yur bdy get used t the changes yu want t make t yur persnal script. 39 Yu can d this by taking up a hbby like
jurnaling r meditative writing. This will give yu the pprtunity t sit dwn fr a few minutes each day and put yur grwing skills t gd use.
Then get a pen yu like.
Next, find a paper layut angle that suits yur writing.
Start by filling half t a whle page with fresh handwriting.
The gd news is, it’s never t late t get better at handwriting.
When yu’re dne writing yur practice page, take a lk and analyze it.
Yu can als write dwn yur wn train f thught if yu can keep up with it.
A helpful way t practice is t make these exercises part f yur everyday life.
【答案】35. D36. A37. C38. E39. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出虽当下多为电子书写，但仍需改善手写，介绍了改善手写的方法：选合适桌椅与笔、正常速度书写并注意握笔、写完分析、将练习融入日常以提升字迹。
【35 题详解】
根据上文“With mst f tday’s written cmmunicatin typed ut, yu may nt see much f a reasn t imprve yur handwriting. But frm time t time, yu still need t fill ut paper frms — and that’s exactly when yu’ll
realize yur script lks nt great.(如今的大部分书面交流都是通过键盘输入完成的，所以你可能觉得没有必
要再去改进自己的书写了。但时不时地，你还是会需要填写纸质表格——而正是在这种时候，你才会意识到自己的字迹实在不怎么样)”可知，前文指出“仍需填写纸质表格，此时会发现字迹不佳”，后文开始介绍改善字迹的方法。本句承上启下，既回应“字迹差”的问题，又引出下文的解决方案，故 D 选项“好消息是，任何时候开始提高书写水平都不算晚”符合语境，故选 D。
【36 题详解】
根据后文“If yu’re a leftie, stay away frm brad-nibbed funtain pens that might dispense a lt f ink with each strke — yu’ll likely end up with smudged wrds all ver yur page as yur hand crsses yur freshly written letters. Gel pens and ballpint pens are usually quick-drying, s starting with thse is a gd idea. Righties have fewer restrictins, as mst writing tls wrk well fr them.(如果你是左撇子，就别用那种笔尖宽大的钢笔了，
因为它们每次书写都会喷出大量的墨水，这样一来，你的手在书写完字母后又横过页面，很可能会把字迹
弄得一团糟。而凝胶笔和圆珠笔通常干得快，所以先用它们开始书写是个不错的选择。右撇子则没有那么多限制，因为大多数书写工具对他们来说都很适用)”可知，后文围绕“左撇子应避免宽笔尖钢笔，建议用凝胶笔或圆珠笔；右撇子对工具限制少”展开，核心是“选择合适的笔”。故 A 选项“然后挑选一支你喜欢的笔”符合语境，故选 A。
【37 题详解】
根据上文“Once yu have yur tls and setup, it’s time t write.(一旦你准备好工具并完成了设置，接下来就是开始书写了)”以及后文“It can be anything: a stry, yur train f thught, r a transcriptin f a sng yu like.(它可以是任何东西：一个故事、你的思考过程，或者是你喜欢的一首歌的歌词记录)”可知，前文提到 “准备好工具和书写环境后，就该开始写了”，后文说明 “内容可以是故事、思路等”，本句承接“开始写”的动作，具体说明“写什么量”，再由后文补充“写什么内容”，故 C 选项“首先，用新的字迹写满半页到整页”符合语境，故选 C。
【38 题详解】
根据后文“Pay attentin t spacing, the slant f yur letters, their height, their frm, and their psitin relative t the guidelines yu’re using. The mst imprtant elements t fcus n are cnsistency and legibility, s g thrugh yur lines and highlight which wrds and letters differ mst frm the rest, and which culd be misread.(要注意间距、字母的倾斜度、高度、形状以及它们相对于所使用的基准线的位置。需要重点关注的最重要元素是一致性与可读性，所以请仔细检查每一行内容，找出与其余部分差异最大的单词和字母，以及哪些部分可能
容易被误读)”可知，后文强调“关注间距、字母倾斜度、高度等，重点是一致性和可读性，标记差异大或
易读错的部分”，核心是“写完后的分析”。故 E 选项“当你完成练习页的书写后，看一看并分析一下”符合语境，故选 E。
【39 题详解】
根据上文“Yu knw repetitin is key t learning, and nly thrugh writing — again and again — will yur bdy get used t the changes yu want t make t yur persnal script.(你知道，反复练习是学习的关键，只有通过不断地书写——一遍又一遍地书写——你的身体才会适应你想要对个人字迹做出的改变)”以及后文“Yu can d this by taking up a hbby like jurnaling r meditative writing. This will give yu the pprtunity t sit
dwn fr a few minutes each day and put yur grwing skills t gd use.(你可以通过培养一些爱好来实现这一点，比如写日记或者进行冥想式写作。这样你每天就能抽出几分钟的时间，将自己不断进步的技能发挥出来)”可知，前文指出“重复练习是关键，身体需适应字迹变化”，后文提到“通过写日记、冥想写作等爱好，每天花几分钟练习”。本句承接“重复练习”，并引出后文“融入日常的具体方式”，故 G 选项“一种有效的练习方法是将这些练习融入你的日常生活之中”符合语境，故选 G。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
When Dr. Hendersn was assigning prject mates fr his psychlgy class, I secretly hped he wuld pair me with my best friend r at least a classmate I culd have fun with. Abve all, I prayed he wuldn’t assign me t wrk with that fiercely cmpetitive, verly serius fellw wh always wre dark clthes — his persnality seemed t match his attire. But fate had ther plans: Dr. Hendersn deliberately paired everyne up and annunced I’d be wrking with the very persn I’d wanted t avid.
I apprached my new teammate t intrduce myself but he lked at me as if I weren’t even there. I felt he
saw me as dead weight, smene wh might keep him frm getting an A. He wasn’t mean, just distant — like he’d fare better tackling the prject alne.
Needless t say, I dreaded an entire term f being brushed ff. But I bit my tngue, trying t make the best f it, afraid f making things wrse.
The prject required develping a hypthesis, designing an experiment, cnducting statistical analysis, and presenting findings — with bth teammates sharing the final grade.
When we met t discuss plans, I felt uneasy. Here was this intense student, knwn fr single - minded fcus and tp grades — the plar ppsite f me. I even thught abut drpping the class but held back, nt wanting him t see me chicken ut. I reslved t stick it ut.
After lengthy discussins, we settled n studying teenagers’ psychlgical well-being. I wasn’t sure what that entailed, but at least we had a tpic.
We met regularly t plan, but I hesitated t share ideas, fearing I’d hld him back. I just ndded when he asked
if things were kay this way r that, figuring persuading him was impssible. I started cunting the minutes until we
culd leave — and he seemed t d the same. I just wanted presentatin day t cme sner.
Then I heard he’d been admitted t the hspital with a serius illness. I felt terrible and knew I had t visit. He lked surprised when I walked int his ward with flwers and fruit. I ffered t finish the prject, and t my shck, he asked me t share my ideas t imprve it.
We finally wrked as a real team, finishing n time. Our hard wrk paid ff — Dr. Hendersn was thrilled with ur findings. Thrugh it all, we learned the true value f teamwrk. As they say, ne persn can g fast, but tgether we can g far.
Whm did I expect t wrk with n the prject?
What did Dr. Hendersn’s assignment invlve?
Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
When he asked if things were kay this way r that, I just ndded because his ideas were rather persuasive.
What wuld yu d if yu were teamed up with smene yu dn’t like fr a prject? （In abut 40 wrds）
【答案】40. My best friend r a classmate I culd have fun with.
Develping a hypthesis, designing an experiment, cnducting statistical analysis, and presenting findings.
When he asked if things were kay this way r that, I just ndded because his ideas were rather persuasive.
Accrding t the text, the authr just ndded nt because the teammate’s ideas were persuasive, but because he hesitated t share his wn ideas (fearing he’d hld the teammate back) and thught persuading the teammate was impssible.
I wuld priritize the prject gal, cmmunicate respectfully, and divide tasks clearly. Even if persnalities clash, fcusing n shared respnsibilities helps achieve success. Teamwrk requires patience and prfessinalism.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者原本不愿在心理学课项目中与严肃好胜的同学组队，起初相处不 安且不敢表达想法。后同学住院，作者主动帮忙，两人最终协作完成项目，还领悟到团队合作的真正价值。
【40 题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“When Dr. Hendersn was assigning prject mates fr his psychlgy class, I secretly hped he wuld pair me with my best friend r at least a classmate I culd have fun with.(当亨德森博士为他的心理学课安排小组成员时，我暗自希望他能把我和我最好的朋友安排在一起，或者至少让我和一个能和我一
起玩乐的同学搭档)”可知，作者原本期望与最好的朋友，或者是能一起玩乐的同学一起在这个项目中合作。故答案为 My best friend r a classmate I culd have fun with.
【41 题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段“The prject required develping a hypthesis, designing an experiment, cnducting statistical analysis, and presenting findings — with bth teammates sharing the final grade.(该项目要求先提出假 设，设计实验，进行统计分析，并展示研究结果——最终的成绩由团队成员共同评定)”可知，亨德森博士的任务包括提出假设、设计实验、进行统计分析以及展示结果。故答案为 Develping a hypthesis, designing an experiment, cnducting statistical analysis, and presenting findings.
【42 题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“We met regularly t plan, but I hesitated t share ideas, fearing I’d hld him back. I just ndded when he asked if things were kay this way r that, figuring persuading him was impssible.(我们定期
会面来商讨计划，但我却一直不敢分享自己的想法，担心会妨碍到他。每当他询问事情是否这样或那样进行得顺利时，我都会只是点点头，心想说服他根本是不可能的)”可知，根据文中的描述，作者只是点头，并非是因为队友的观点具有说服力，而是因为他自己也犹豫是否要分享自己的想法（担心会阻碍队友的进展），并且认为说服队友是不可能的。故答案为 When he asked if things were kay this way r that, I just ndded because his ideas were rather persuasive. Accrding t the text, the authr just ndded nt because the teammate’s
ideas were persuasive, but because he hesitated t share his wn ideas (fearing he’d hld the teammate back) and thught persuading the teammate was impssible.
【43 题详解】
考查开放题。根据“如果在一项项目中你被安排与一个你不喜欢的人合作，你会怎么做？”可回答：我会优 先考虑项目目标，以尊重的态度进行沟通，并明确划分任务。即便性格不合，只要专注于共同的责任，就能取得成功。团队合作需要耐心和专业精神。故答案为 I wuld priritize the prject gal, cmmunicate respectfully, and divide tasks clearly. Even if persnalities clash, fcusing n shared respnsibilities helps achieve success.
Teamwrk requires patience and prfessinalism.
第二节（20 分）
假设你是高三学生李华，你的国际好友 Jim 来信询问你的暑假生活。请你用英文给他回信，内容包括：
简要介绍你的暑假；
分享你暑假做的一件有意义的事。注意：
词数 100 左右；
开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yurs, Li Hua
【答案】One pssible versin:
Dear Jim,
I’m glad t hear frm yu! My summer vacatin was bth relaxing and meaningful. After mnths f intense study, I finally had time t recharge.
One f the mst meaningful things during the summer vacatin was vlunteering at a lcal cmmunity center. I helped teach English t yunger kids and rganized fun learning activities. It was challenging at first, but seeing their prgress and smiles made it all wrthwhile. I als imprved my cmmunicatin skills and gained a deeper sense f respnsibility.
Besides vlunteering, I spent time reading, exercising, and catching up with family. It was a balanced and fulfilling break.
Lking frward t hearing abut yur summer t!
Yurs, Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以高三学生李华的身份给国际好友 Jim 回信，介绍自己的暑假生活，内容包括简要说明暑假整体情况以及分享一件暑假中做的有意义的事。
【详解】1. 词汇积累 高兴的：glad→delighted
值得的：wrthwhile→rewarding提高：imprve→enhance
责任：respnsibility→duty
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：One f the mst meaningful things during the summer vacatin was vlunteering at a lcal cmmunity center.拓展句：One f the mst meaningful things during the summer vacatin was vlunteering at a lcal cmmunity center, which brught me a lt f jy.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】It was challenging at first, but seeing their prgress and smiles made it all wrthwhile.（运用了动名词短语作主语）
【高分句型 2】Besides vlunteering, I spent time reading, exercising, and catching up with family.（运用了动名词短语作宾语）