Unit 5语法整理和核心语法练- 2025-2026学年译林版（2024）八年级英语上册

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Unit 5 Wild animals语法整理及核心语法精练动词 + 不定式（to do）一、概念不定式作宾语时，用来表示主语发出动作的目的或具体内容，说明“做某事是为了什么”或“要做什么事”二、用法英语中很多动词后面常接不定式（to do）作宾语，常见的这类动词有：want（想要）、try（尝试）、decide（决定）、learn（学习）、hope（希望）、plan（计划）、agree（同意）、forget（忘记）、remember（记得）、fail（未能）等。例1：She wants to visit the panda reserve. 她想去参观熊猫保护区。to visit是wants的宾语，说明“想要做的事”。例2：They plan to plant more bamboo for pandas. 他们计划为熊猫种更多竹子。to plant是plan的宾语，体现“计划做的事”。三、注意点不定式符号“to”后面必须接动词原形，不能接动名词或动词的其他形式错误：He hopes to seeing the wolves.正确：He hopes to see the wolves.部分动词后接不定式和动名词意义不同，需要特别区分（八年级阶段重点掌握以下两个）：1) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事，事情未做如：I forgot to feed the dog this morning. 我早上忘了喂狗，狗还没喂。2) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事，事情已做如：I forgot feeding the dog this morning. 我忘了早上已经喂过狗了。3) remember to do sth. 记得要做某事如：Remember to close the cage door. 记得关上笼子门。4) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事如：I remember closing the cage door. 我记得关上笼子门了。不定式表目的（to do /in order to）一、概念不定式表目的时，用来解释 “做某事的目的是什么”，说明一个动作是为了另一个动作而发生的二、用法1. to do：直接用“to + 动词原形”，可放在句末，也可放在句中如：We built a new home to help the foxes. 我们建了一个新家，是为了帮助狐狸们。2. in order to：结构为“in order to + 动词原形”，语气比 “to do”更强，强调目的的“刻意性”，可以放在句首或句末句末：Scientists work hard in order to save wild animals.（科学家们努力工作，是为了拯救野生动物。）句首：In order to keep eagles safe, we stop using harmful chemicals.（为了保护老鹰安全，我们停止使用有害化学物质。）三、注意点1. “to do” 和 “in order to” 后的动词都必须用原形否定形式：在 “to” 前加 “not”，即 “not to do” 或 “in order not to”，表示 “为了不做某事”如：We talk quietly in order not to frighten the pandas. 我们小声说话，是为了不吓到熊猫。动词 + 宾语 + 不定式（with /without to）一、概念当不定式作宾语补足语时，用来补充说明 “宾语要做什么” 或 “宾语被要求做什么”。部分动词后接不定式时需要带 “to”，部分动词后则省略 “to”二、用法1. 带 to 的动词：常见的有 tell（告诉）、ask（要求）、teach（教）、encourage（鼓励）、warn（警告）等，结构为 “动词 + 宾语 + to do”例句 1：The teacher asks us to write a letter to protect wild animals. 老师要求我们写一封信来保护野生动物。例句 2：They encourage the children to love nature. 他们鼓励孩子们热爱自然。2. 省略 to 的动词：常见的有 hear（听见）、see（看见）、make（使，让）、let（让）等，结构为 “动词 + 宾语 + do”（不带 to）例句 1：I saw the dolphins jump in the sea. 我看见海豚在海里跳跃。例句 2：The zookeeper lets the monkeys play in the tree. 动物园管理员让猴子在树上玩。三、注意点当省略 to 的动词用于被动语态时，原来省略的 “to” 必须还原。主动句：People made the lion live in a small cage. 人们让狮子住在小笼子里。被动句：The lion was made to live in a small cage. 狮子被迫住在小笼子里。区分 “带 to” 和 “不带 to” 的动词，避免混淆使用。错误：She heard the birds to sing.正确：She heard the birds sing.后缀 - ing, -ness, -ion一、-ing 后缀1. 概念：将 -ing 加在动词后面，能够把动词转化为名词，这类由动词转变而来的名词，往往表示某个动作、行为或者状态2. 用法：1) 表示动作或行为：read（阅读，动词）→ reading（阅读，名词）如：Reading is a good way to learn new things. 阅读是学习新事物的好方法。此处 “reading” 就是指 “阅读” 这个行为。2) 表示状态：sleep（睡觉，动词）→ sleeping（睡眠，名词）如：His sleeping is very light. 他睡眠很浅。这里 “sleeping” 描述的就是 “睡眠” 这种状态。3. 注意点：1) 一般情况下，直接在动词后面加 -ing。如：feel（感觉）→ feeling（感觉）I have a strange feeling today. 我今天有一种奇怪的感觉。2) 以不发音的字母 “e” 结尾的动词，要先去掉 “e”，再加 -ing。如：write（写）→ writing（写作）Her writing is very beautiful. 她的书写非常漂亮。3) 对于一些重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ing。如：shop（购物）→ shopping（购物）Let’s go shopping this weekend. 我们这个周末去购物吧。二、-ness 后缀1. 概念：把 -ness 加在形容词后面，能够将形容词转化为名词，所构成的名词通常表示某种性质、状态或者程度2. 用法：1) 表示性质：kind（善良的，形容词）→ kindness（善良，名词）如：We should show kindness to others. 我们应该对他人展现出善良。这里 “kindness” 体现的就是 “善良” 这种性质。2) 表示状态：ill（生病的，形容词）→ illness（疾病，名词）如：He is absent because of illness. 他因为生病缺席了。此句中 “illness” 描述的是 “生病” 的状态。3) 表示程度：dark（黑暗的，形容词）→ darkness（黑暗，名词）如：The darkness of the night made her feel afraid. 夜晚的黑暗让她感到害怕。这里 “darkness” 强调的是 “黑暗” 的程度。3. 注意点：1) 大多数情况下，直接在形容词后加 -ness。如：happy（幸福的）→ happiness（幸福）Everyone is looking for happiness. 每个人都在寻找幸福。2) 当形容词以 “y” 结尾时，要先把 “y” 变为 “i”，再加 -ness。如：busy（忙碌的）→ business（忙碌，生意）He is always busy with his business. 他总是忙于他的生意。三、-ion 后缀1. 概念：在很多动词后面加上 -ion，可以将其变成名词，这些名词通常表示某个动作、行为、状态或者结果2. 用法：1) 表示动作或行为：act（行动，表演，动词）→ action（行动，名词）We must take action to protect wild animals. 我们必须采取行动保护野生动物。这里 “action” 指的就是 “行动” 这个行为。2) 表示状态：attract（吸引，动词）→ attraction（吸引力，名词）The attraction of the big city is very strong. 大城市的吸引力非常强。“attraction” 在此表示 “吸引力” 这种状态。3) 表示结果：invent（发明，动词）→ invention（发明物，名词）The invention of the computer has changed our lives. 计算机的发明改变了我们的生活。此句中 “invention” 体现的是 “发明” 的结果。3. 注意点：1) 一般以 “t” 或 “te” 结尾的动词，变为名词时加 -ion。如：collect（收集）→ collection（收集物，收藏）He has a large collection of stamps. 他有大量的邮票收藏。2) 以 “ate” 结尾的动词，通常把 “ate” 变为 “ation”。如：celebrate（庆祝）→ celebration（庆祝活动）We had a great celebration for the festival. 我们为这个节日举行了盛大的庆祝活动。3) 部分动词的变化形式较为特殊，如：decide（决定）→ decision（决定）We need to make a decision quickly. 我们需要尽快做出决定。语法练习题一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1. The baby panda wants ______ (eat) bamboo.2. We need ______ (protect) wild animals.3. They decided ______ (build) a new reserve.4. I heard the birds ______ (sing) in the tree.5. She taught herself ______ (draw) animals.6. The ______ (ill) made the lion weak.7. He tried ______ (climb) the tree but failed.8. We plan ______ (visit) the zoo next week.9. The ______ (protect) of pandas is important.10. They saw the wolf ______ (run) away.二、句型转换1. We want to save the elephants.（对划线部分提问）What ______ you want ______ ______?2. He told us to stop hunting.（改为否定句）He told us ______ ______ ______ hunting.3. They built reserves to protect rhinos.（用 in order to 改写）They built reserves ______ ______ ______ protect rhinos.4. I saw the monkey climb the tree.（改为被动语态）The monkey ______ ______ ______ climb the tree.5. It is important to protect wild animals.（改为同义句）______ ______ wild animals is important.三、单项选择1. Pandas like ______ bamboo.A. eat B. eating C. to eat D. eaten2. We need ______ action to save the tigers.A. take B. to take C. taking D. took3. The zookeeper told us ______ loud.A. not speak B. not to speak C. don’t speak D. not speaking4. I saw a bear ______ fish in the river.A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught5. They plan ______ a campaign to protect animals.A. start B. starting C. to start D. started6. ______ survive, animals need enough food and space.A. In order to B. So that C. Because D. For7. The ______ of the project made everyone happy.A. succeed B. success C. successful D. successfully8. She decided ______ more about wild animals.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learnt9. The teacher encouraged us ______ part in the activity.A. take B. to take C. taking D. took10. We heard the baby panda ______ in the cage.A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried11. It’s necessary ______ pandas with enough bamboo.A. provide B. providing C. to provide D. provided12. The ______ of the forest destroyed many homes.A. destroy B. destruction C. destructive D. destructively13. They hope ______ the animals in danger.A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved14. My parents let me ______ to the zoo alone.A. go B. to go C. going D. went15. ______ protect animals, we should stop cutting down trees.A. For B. In order to C. Because D. So四、完成句子1. 我们应该努力保护野生动物。We should ______ ______ ______ wild animals.2. 为了生存，它们需要干净的水。They need clean water ______ ______.3. 我看见一只狐狸正在追逐一只兔子。I saw a fox ______ ______ a rabbit.4. 政府决定建立更多的自然保护区。The government decided ______ ______ more nature reserves.5. 教育孩子们爱护动物是重要的。It is important ______ ______ children to love animals.五、语法选择 Wild animals are in danger. We need 1______ action to help them. Many animals want 2______ in peace, but their homes are destroyed. Scientists try 3______ ways to protect them. They teach people 4______ nature. In order 5______ pandas, we build reserves. We often see volunteers 6______ in the reserves. They make sure animals have enough food. The 7______ of animals needs everyone’s effort. If we keep 8______ , wild animals will have a better future. Remember: it is our duty 9______ for them. They fight for their 10______ every day.1. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took2. A. live B. to live C. living D. lived3. A. find B. to find C. finding D. found4. A. love B. to love C. loving D. loved5. A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved6. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked7. A. protect B. protection C. protective D. protectively8. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped9. A. care B. to care C. caring D. cared10. A. survive B. survival C. surviving D. survived六、语法填空Many wild animals are facing danger. They need us 1______ (help) them. People hope 2______ (stop) the destruction of their homes. In order 3______ (protect) tigers, we set up reserves. We teach children 4______ (respect) animals. Scientists try 5______ (learn) more about their habits. We often hear animals 6______ (cry) for help. It is sad 7______ (see) them suffer. The 8______ (ill) of animals is often caused by pollution. Everyone can play a part. Let’s decide 9______ (do) our best. Together, we can make a 10______ (different).