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2024版人教版七年级上册英语Unit1知识清单及同步练习含答案
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这是一份2024版人教版七年级上册英语Unit1知识清单及同步练习含答案,共16页。
2024版人教版七年级上册英语Unit1知识清单及同步练习【考点1】 May I have your name? 我可以知道你的名字吗?【详解】 May I have your name?" 是一种比较委婉、礼貌的问法,用于询问对方的姓名。这句话的表达方式比直接询问“What’s your name?”更加礼貌,尤其是在非正式场合或对不太熟悉的人使用时。【拓展】情态动词may的用法:(1)表示请求、许可,比can 正式,如:May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。(2)表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“ 可能, 或许”,一般用于肯定句中。如:It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。(3)may的过去式为might ,表示推测时。可能性低于may。 如:He is away from school. He might be sick.(4)表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V如:May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。 May you succeed!祝你成功!【典例】( )1. —________ I use your dictionary? —Certainly.A.May B.Should C.Must( )2. —Where is your sister?—I’m not sure. She _________ be in the library because she likes reading.A.mustn’t B.may C.can( )3. The woman ________ be a teacher in that school, but I’m not sure.A.might B.must C.can【答案】 A B A【考点2】How do you spell your name? 你的名字如何拼写? 【详解】 这是一句由how引导的特殊疑问句. How do you spell......?可用来要求别人拼写单词,答语应该根据实际情况把单词按照顺序拼出来,且每个字母都应大写,中间用连字符连接。若不知道答案,通常用I’m sorry, I don’t’ know.来回答。【典例】( )1.—Can you ________ your name? —G-I-N-A, Gina.A.say B.ask C.tell D.spell( )2. —_______ —P-E-N.A.Good morning! B. What’s this? C.Spell it, please. D.Good evening!【答案】 D C【考点3】 —How old are you? 你几岁了?—I’m 12 years old. 我12岁了。【详解】 old形容词,意为“年老的;旧的”。例句:The old man in the old house is my teacher.在这旧房子里的那位老人是我的老师。【详解2】“how old”意为“多少岁/多大年龄”。句型“How old+be+主语?”常用来询问年龄;也可用句型“What's+sb's+age(年龄)?”答语为“主格代词+年龄.”或直接回答数字。例句:-How old is your sister? /What’s your sister’s age? 你妹妹多大了?-She is four(years old). /Four. 她4岁了。/4岁。【典例】( ) 1.This is_________table. It's_________old table.A.a;a B.an;a C.a;an D.an;an( ) 2.-_________are the students in your class?-Most of them are only fourteen.A.How long B.How old C.How many D.How much【答案】 C B【考点4】 Where are you from? 你来自哪里?【详解】be from+地点 意思是“来自......” 相当于come from。 Where are you from? 是一个常用的特殊疑问句,用于询问对方来自哪里。同义句:Where do you come from?【辨析】 be from与come from 【典例】( )1. Li Mei from Shanghai, she from Chongqing.A. doesn’t, is B. isn’t, does C. doesn’t come, is D. isn’t, come( ) 2. Where lions ?A. does, from B. do, come from C. is, from D. are, come from3.我来自中国。I_______ _______ China.= I _______ ______ China. 4.你来自澳大利亚吗?______ you from Australia? =_____ you ______ ______ Australia?5.你的朋友来自哪里?Where ______ your friend _______?=_________ _________ your friend _______ from?【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. am from; come from 4. Are; Do come from5.is from; Where does ; come【考点5】We’re in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。【详解】 same 意思为“相同的,同样的”,反义词是different 意思为“不同的”。注意:same 前面需加定冠词 the例如: in the same school 在同一所学校 in the same team 在同一个团队 【拓展】常用的短语搭配 at the same time同时 all the same仍然,还是 the same to you 你也一样 the same as 与……相同 (反义短语 be different from 和......不同)【典例】( )1.Tony and I love the _____ sport. He likes soccer. I like it, too.A.old B.same C.easy( )2.— Happy New Year! — ________A.Thank you. B.The same to you. C.You’re welcome. D.Happy Halloween!【答案】 B B 【考点6】 Mr.Smith, this is my friend, Peter. 史密斯先生,这是我的朋友,皮特。【详解】 (1)当我们把一个人介绍给另一个人时候,常用句型"This is...",意为“这是...“(2) 如果介绍距离我们较远的某人时,常用句型“That is..."或"That's..",意为“那是.......▲ 一般不用 "He is..." 或 "She is...".例句:Mom, this is my friend Kate. 妈妈,这是我的朋友, 凯特。That is my younger sister, Mary. 那是我的妹妹, 玛丽。That's my classmate, Jack. 那是我的同班同学, 杰克。【典例】( ) _______ is my mother, and ________ are my brothers over there.This; those B. It; those C. That; those D. It; these【答案】A【考点7】 —Who’s your class teacher? 谁是你们的班主任?—Ms Hui. 是惠老师。【详解】 who疑问代词,意为“谁”,who’s是who is的缩写形式。“Who is/are.”是对人物进行提问的句型。回答时,如果主语为单数,根据人物的性别选用代词he或she;如果主语为复数,用代词they。例句: ①—Who is he?他是谁? —He is Mike.他是迈克。②—Who are they?他们是谁? —They are my teachers.他们是我的老师。 注意:当我们询问不确定身份的人时,要用代词“it”。 例如:-Who’s it in the picture? 照片里的人是谁? -It’s my sister. 是我的姐姐。【典例】( )1. —________is she? —She is Nancy.A.What B.How C.Who D.What color( )2. —_________? —They are my brothers.Who are they B.How are they C.Are they your brothers D. Where are they【答案】 C A【考点8】Hui is her first name. 她的名字是惠。 【详解】 first name意为“名字(不包括姓氏)”。在英语中,first name/given name 意为“名字”;last name/family name意为“姓氏”;有时还有middle name,即“中间名”。英美人的全名叫name。英美人姓名的顺序是名字在前,姓氏在后,与中文的表达方式相反。例如:My name is Jim Green.My first name is Jim.My last name is Green.我叫吉姆·格林。吉姆是名,格林是姓。【拓展】first作形容词,意为“第一的”, 反义词是last, 意为“最后的”; 作序数词,前面要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。例如:This is my first time to come here. 这是我第一次来这里。【典例】( )1.His name is Jack Smith.Smith is his _______name.A.first B.last C.one D.middle( )2. Her name is Anna Green.Her first name is ________.A.Anna B.Green C.Anna Green D.Green Anna【答案】 B A【考点9】 名字小知识① 男名:Nick, Jim, Alan, Tony, Jack, Tom, Bob, Mike, Eric, Frank, Dale名: 女名:Gina, Linda, Jenny, Mary, Alice, Helen, Cindy, Grace姓:Brown, Black, Green, White, Smith, Hand, Miller ②英语汉语中人名的写法。(1)如果是两个字的名字,将姓和名的首字母都要大写,且将姓和名中间间隔一个字母的距离。例:Gina Green Jack Miller 王林Wang Lin 张颖 Zhang Ying (2)如果是三个字的名字,将姓的首字母大写,且将姓和名中间间隔一个字母,再将名的首字母大写,最后两个字连在一起。例:王林克,应书写为Wang Linke 张新鸿,应书写为Zhang Xinhong注意:英语中的姓名是名在前而姓在后。中国人的姓名是姓在前,名在后。【考点10】Tina and I are both in the school band. 缇娜和我都在学校的乐队。【详解】 both意为"两个;两个都",常见用法如下:①作代词,指代上文提到的复数名词或代词。作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。②作形容词,修饰复数名词,且名词前可有定冠词、限定词、名词所有格等修饰。Both一般在放在动词be、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前。当作为定语时,其后跟名词复数。例句:Both of them are Chinese. = They are both Chinese. 他俩都是中国人。Both students like English. 两个学生都喜欢英语。【拓展】【典例】( ) 1. —Would you like some tea or coffee?—________. I’d like some water.A.Either B.Neither C.Both( ) 2. I invited Joe and Taylor to my party, but ________ of them came.A.either B.neither C.none( ) 3. The two books are ________ about English. You can choose ________ of them to read.A.all; both B.all; either C.both; either D.both; neither【答案】B B C【考点11】Her favorite food is Mapo tofu. 她最喜欢的食物是麻婆豆腐。【详解】 favorite 作形容词时,意为“特别喜欢的”,用在名词前,起修饰作用,favorite前可用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来修饰;也可作名词,意为“最爱”,有单复数形式。例句:His favorite color is green.他最喜欢的颜色是绿色。What’s your favorite? 什么是你的最爱?【拓展】“What’s your favorite...?”是一个常用的句型,意为“你最喜欢的......是什么?”相当于“What...do you like best?”例句: —What's your favorite sport? (=What sport do you like best?)你最喜欢什么运动?—Basketball.(我最喜欢的是)篮球。【典例】1.我最喜欢的老师是我的语文老师,刘老师。(翻译句子)My_______________is my Chinese teacher, Mr.Liu.2.I like science best.(改为同义句)_____________________is science.3.My favorite color is green.(对画线部分提问)_________________your_____________?________________do you ____________?【答案】 1. favorite teacher 2. My favorite subject 3. What’s favorite color; What color like best【考点12】 She even speaks some Chinese! 她甚至会说一些中文!【详解】 speak 意为“说”,“讲话”。强调说的能力。①作及物动词,接某种语言作宾语。 speak + 语言 “说某种语言”。②作不及物动词,意为“讲话,发言” 。如: Who will speak at the meeting? 谁将在会上发言?May I speak to Lucy? 我可以和Lucy通话吗?【拓展】 与“说”相关的词【典例】( ) 1. My grandma often _________ funny stories at night.A.talks B.tells C.speaks D.says( ) 2. Doctors tell us ________ our hands before every meal.A.wash B.washes C.washing D.to wash( ) 3. — We can use WeChat to ________ with each other on the Internet. — Really? Will you show me how to use it?A.speak B.talk C.say D.tell( ) 4. _________.A.say; tell B.speak; talk C.speak; tell D.say; talk( ) 5. Do you often tell about your everyday life?A.his B he C. her D. they【答案】 B D B A C 【考点13】 I play the guitar in the school band. 我在学校乐队里弹吉他。【详解】 play the guitar 意为“弹吉他”, 注意guitar 前要加定冠词the. 其中play作动词,意为“弹;拉;演奏”, 此时和乐器类词汇搭配.例如: Mike wants to play the guitar. 迈克想弹吉他.注意: play 后面跟玩具或其他名词时,一般加介词 with。play with sb./sth 玩……。例如: Dolphins can play with a ball. 海豚会玩球。【拓展】 【典例】( )1. —What can you do, Bob? —I can play ________ violin.A.a B.an C.the D./( )2. I can play _________ volleyball but I can’t play _________ guitar.A.a; the B.a; a C.the; the D./; the( )3. — Do you play ________ piano in your free time? — No, I often play ________ soccer with friends.A./;the B.the;/ C.the;the D.a;a【答案】C D B【考点14】Would you like to be my friend? 你愿意做我的朋友吗?【详解】would 为情态动词, 无人称,数变化 ,可以缩写成’d 如: I’d=I would you’d =you would he’d=he would【拓展】 would like 的常用句型:(1)would like sth. 想要某物(2)Would you like some …? 你想要一些……吗?(征求意见) —Yes, please.是的,请(肯定回答)/ —No, thanks.不,谢谢(否定回答) (3)would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。=want sb. to do sth 想要某人去做某事;(4)Would you like to do… ? 你愿意去做……吗? (征求意见)肯定回答: Yes, I’d like / love to.是的,我愿意否定回答,委婉拒绝:I’d like/ love to. But I’m too busy.或者是 I have to study for a test I’m afraid not(我恐怕不能), I have to do my homework.(5)would like sb to do sth “想要某人做某事”。(6)would like比want/feel like doing sth.(想要做某事)更委婉、更正式,注意:(1)would like 构成的问句表示委婉语气,some不用变成any。(2)疑问句时,记得把人称放would like 中间。【典例】( )1. —Would you like ________ to my party? —Yes, I’d love to.come B.coming C.to coming D.to come( )2.—Would you like some ? —Oh, yes, just a little.A. apples B. carrots C. cakes D. mutton( )3. —Would you like some orange juice? — . I’m very thirsty(口渴的).A. No, thanks B. Yes, please C. Yes, I would D. That’s OK4. Would you like ___________(have)some beef? 5.What would he like ___________(eat)? 6. Tom feels like __________(buy)some candies in the supermarket. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. to have 5. to eat 6. buying(一)一般现在时中be动词的用法be 动词一般现在时三种形式:am,is,are【口诀】我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is 连着他(he),她(she),它(it),其余单数用is,复数用are.be动词的一般现在时【总结】①肯定式:主语+be(am,is,are)+其他。②否定式:主语+be(am,is,are)+not+其他。③疑问式:be(am,is,are)+主语+其他? 回答:Yes,主语+be./No,主语+be+not.【典例】用适当的be动词填空。1.I ________ a student. 2.You ________ Japanese. 3.He _______ my brother. 4.My name ________Harry. 5.Miss Zhou ________ my teacher.6.This book________ very interesting. 7.Li Lei and I __________ good friends. 8.These ________ apples. 9.There _______ some bread on the plate. 10.The books ________ on the desk.【答案】 1. am 2. are 3. is 4. is 5. is 6. is 7. are 8. are 9. is 10. areUnit 1重点词汇1.make friends 交朋友 2.get to know 认识;了解3.each [i:tʃ] adj. & pron. 每个;各自4.other ['ʌðə(r)] pron. 另外的人(或物) adj. 另外的;其他的5.each other 互相;彼此 6.full [fʊl] adj. 完整的;满的7.full name 全名 8.grade [ɡreɪd] n. 年级;等级9.last name 姓氏 10.classmate ['klɑːsmeɪt] n. 同班同学11.class teacher 班主任 12.first name 名字13.mistake [mɪ'steɪk] n. 错误;失误 14.country ['kʌntri] n. 国家15.same [seɪm] adj. 相同的 16.twin [twɪn] n. 双胞胎之一 adj. 双胞胎之一的17.both [bəʊθ] adj. & pron. 两个;两个都18.band [bænd] n. 乐队 19.pot [pɒt] n. 锅20.a lot 很;非常 21.tofu ['təʊfuː] n. 豆腐22.parrot ['pærət] n. 鹦鹉 23.guitar [ɡɪ'tɑː(r)] n. 吉他24.tennis ['tenɪs] n. 网球 25.post [pəʊst] n. 帖子;邮政 v. 邮寄;发布26.even ['iːvn] adv. 甚至;连;愈加 27.hey [heɪ] int. 嘿;喂28.play the guitar 弹吉他29.would [wʊd] model v. 想(用于礼貌地邀请或向某人提供某物);将会30.would(’d) like to 表示愿意;喜欢31.information [ˌɪnfə'meɪʃn] n. 信息;消息32.hobby ['hɒbi] n. 业余爱好 33.Green [ɡriːn] 格林34.UK [ˌjuː'keɪ] 英国 35.US [ˌjuː'es] 美国36.Smith [smɪθ] 史密斯 37.Lisa [ˈliːsə] 莉萨38.Tom [tɒm] 汤姆 39.hot pot 火锅40.Sally ['sæli] 萨莉 41.Wood [wʊd] 伍德42.Sydney ['sɪdni] 悉尼(澳大利亚城市) 43.Australia [ɒ'streɪlɪə] 澳大利亚44.Mapo tofu 麻婆豆腐 45.Beijing roast duck 北京烤鸭46.Singapore [ˌsiŋgə'pɔ:] 新加坡 47.Pauline [ˈpɔːliːn] 保利娜48.Lee [liː] 李 49.Coco ['kəʊkəʊ] 科科50.London ['lʌndən] 伦敦(英国首都)重点短语1.make friends 交朋友 2.get to know认识:了解3.full name 全名 4.last name 姓氏5.in the same class在同一个班级 6.class teacher 班主任7.first name 名字 8. pay attention to 注意9.in the school band 在学校乐队 10.like..a lot /very much非常喜欢.·11. play the guitar 弹吉他 12.a pet bird一只宠物鸟13. speak some Chinese 说一些汉语 14.play..with..和……玩15.write to me 给我写信典型句型1.How do you spell your name? 你的名字如何拼写?2.How old are you? 你多大了?3.Where are you from? 你来自哪里?4.What class are you in? 你在几班?5.Meimei is in Class 1, Grade 7. 梅梅在七年级一班。6.I'm 12 years old. 我12岁了。7. What's your last name? 你姓什么?8. We're in the same class. 我们在同一个班里。9.Mr Smith,this is my new friend. 史密斯先生,这是我的新朋友。10. Who's your class teacher? 谁是你的班主任?11.How old is he/she? 他/她几岁了?12.I’m sorry! My mistake. 很抱歉!我的错。13. Tina and I are both in the school band. 缇娜和我都在学校的乐队。14. I like hot pot very much. 我非常喜欢吃火锅。15. Now she lives in Chengdu with her parents. 现在她和她的父母住在成都。16.She even speaks some Chinese! 她甚至会说一些中文!17.My favourite sport is tennis. 我最喜欢的运动是网球。18.I often play it with my friends after school放学后我经常和我的朋友们一起打它(排球)。19.I play the guitar in the school band. 我在学校乐队里弹吉他。20. Would you like to be my friend? 你想要成为我的朋友吗?语言目标掌握一般现在时中be动词的用法;掌握人称代词的用法be from be是连系动词,句式的变化是由be来完成的,be有人称和数的变化。 I am from Shanghai. 我来自上海。He isn’t from England. 他不是来自英国。Is he from England? 他来自英国吗? come from come是实义动词,句式的变化须借助助动词do/does来完成,谓语动词come受主语的影响。 She comes from Shandong. They don’t come from China. Do they come from China? talk说话;谈话talk to/talk with sb.与某人交谈; talk about sth.谈论某事 1. I like to talk to/with him.2.He is talking with his friends about their homework.say强调说的内容say+具体说话内容(Please say it in English.“请用英语来说它”) 1.What do you want to say?2.Please say it in English.3.She says,”China is great.”tell告诉1.tell sb.sth.= tell sth to sb告诉某人某事2.tell sb(not)to do sth.“告诉某人不要做某事”Tell him (not) to close the door.3.tell sb.about sth.告诉某人关于某事.Please tell us about your school.4.tell a story/tell stories“讲故事” You are good at telling stories.5.tell(sb.) a lie/lies.(对某人)撒谎 Don’t tell lies!别撒谎!play+棋类/球类play chess 下国际象棋play basketball/volleyball/tennis/baseball 打篮球/排球/网球/棒球play the+乐器类play the piano/violin/guitar/drums 弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他/打鼓be动词用法amIishe sheit单数名词areyou复数名词肯定式否定式疑问式疑问式的回答I am a teacher.我是一位教师。I am not a teacher.我不是一位教师。Am I a teacher?我是一位教师吗?Yes, I am. 是的,我是。No, I am(=I’m)not.不,我不是。He/She is a teacher.他/她是一位教师。He/She is not(=isn’t) a teacher.他/她不是一位教师。Is he/she a teacher?他/她是一位教师吗?Yes,he/she is.是的,他/她是。No,he/she isn’t.不,他/她不是。We/ You /They are teachers.我们/你们/他们是教师。We/ You /They are not(=aren’t) teachers.我们/你们/他们不是教师。Are we/you/they teachers?我们/你们/他们是教师吗?Yes,we/you/they are.是的,我们/你们/他们是。No,we/you/they aren’t.不,我们/你们/他们不是。It is Marry.它是Marry。It is not(=isn’t) Marry.它不是Marry。Is it Marry?它是Marry吗?Yes,it is. 是的,它是。No, it isn’t. 不,它不是。(二)人称代词1. 人称代词有人称、数和格等的变化,详见下表:2. 人称代词的基本用法:主格人称代词作主语,宾格人称代词作动词或介词的宾语。►He is Eric. 他是埃里克。(he是主格,作主语)►I don’t know them. 我不认识他们。(them是宾格,作动词know的宾语)口诀巧记忆【练习】用适当的人称代词填空。1. ___________ am a student. (我)2. ___________ is my friend. (他)3. ___________ is a teacher. (她) 4. ___________ are from China. (我们) 5. ___________ are students. (他们)6. ___________ is a dog. (它)7. ___________ am in Class One. (我)8. ___________ are Tom's parents. (他们)9. ___________ likes to play basketball. (他)10. ___________ wants to be a pilot. (她)【答案】 1. I 2. He 3. She 4. We 5. They 6. It 7. I8. They 9. He 10. She人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit人称代词人称代词手拉手,排队纪律要遵守,单数队列二(you)、三(he/she)、一(1)复数要按一(we)、二(you)、三(they);若把错误责任担,第一人称(1)勇当先;单数男女同时到,男士站在女士前。
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