初中Unit 2 Amazing numbersSection 4 Extending and developing competenciesFocusing on culture课堂教学课件ppt

这是一份初中Unit 2 Amazing numbersSection 4 Extending and developing competenciesFocusing on culture课堂教学课件ppt，共29页。PPT课件主要包含了学习目标，学习内容，一 二 三 四 五等内容，欢迎下载使用。
recrd and present infrmatin with numbers in English
use cardinal and rdinal numbers crrectly.
understand hw numbers develped and hw they differ between cultures.
Peple frm different cultures use different numerals.
Chinese numerals
Rman numerals
Arabic numerals
Befre the inventin f written numbers, peple used many different ways t cunt things.
What tls did peple use t cunt things?
Tls t cunt numbers
written number system书面数字系统
D yu knw hw numbers develped?
In ancient time, peple used knts n rpes , stnes r sticks t recrd numbers. Each stands fr a thing we want t cunt.
The develpment prcess f numbers
Later, peple replaced this system with abstract symbls. These were mre cnvenient because they were quicker t write.
In Chinese, such as five as “Ⅴ” and ten as “十”.
In Arabic, such as five as “٥”and ten as “10”.
Arabic numerals were invented in India nt in Arab. This system was very ppular at that time. Arabs spread t ther parts f the wrld. S tday, they are knwn as Arabic numerals.
Numbers are everywhere tday. Hw did peple in ancient time recrd numbers? Let's explre the develpment f cunting methds.
Read an article frm a science magazine and find ut mre abut numbers.
In ancient times, peple develped different cunting methds. One f the earliest was called “tally sticks(计数棍）” Each “stick” (r pebble 鹅卵石，r ther cunting tl) stands fr a thing we want t cunt, such as an animal r a bag f rice. Fr each animal we want t cunt, we draw ne stick. This is called a “ne-t-ne crrespndence(对应）” Tally sticks are easy t understand, but it can take a lng time t write dwn large numbers. T write 1,000, yu have t draw a thusand tally sticks!
Later, peple created faster ways f writing numbers. One such system develped in ancient India. Instead f using tally sticks, peple began using different abstract(抽象的) symbls t represent different numbers. Researchers d nt knw exactly hw this happened, but sme believe that the sticks slwly turned int symbls ver the centuries. These Indian numerals(数字）became ppular, and peple in the Arab wrld started using them t. Thanks t the Arabs, this way f writing numbers spread t Eurpe and acrss the wrld. Nwadays, they are knwn as Arabic numerals.
The ancient Rmans wrte numbers in a different way. They used letters frm their alphabet. Fr example, the number 12 is “XII" (10+1+1). The Rman numerals used t be the mst cmmn way f writing numbers in Eurpe. Tday we stiI1 see them in many places, fr example, n clck faces n buildings r bks. But Rman numerals are nt as cmmn as Arabic numerals, maybe because they are t difficult t use!
This article mainly talks abut the ____________ f cunting methds.
difference
develpment
In ancient times, peple develped different cunting methds
In ancient times
small numbers
tally sticks
Peple used tally sticks. Hwever， they culd nly cunt small numbers in this way.
Culdn’t cunt
Largenumbers
Peple used tally sticks. Hwever ，they culd nly cunt small numbers in this way. But it can take a lng time t write dwn large numbers.
abstract symbls
Later， peple began using different abstract(抽象的) symbls t represent different numbers.
Indians began t develp a system f numbers, These Indian numerals were ppular, and Arabs spread them t Eurpe and acrss the wrld. Nwadays, they are knwn as Arabic numerals.
ver the centuries
Indiansdevelp
Arabsspread
acrss the wrld
A system f numbers
Arabic numerals.
Read and answer the questins.
1. What is “ne-t-ne crrespndence” accrding t the passage?It is a cunting methd using tally sticks, where each stick (r pebble, r ther cunting tl) stands fr a thing t be were tally sticks nt suitable fr writing large numbers?Because t write a large number like 1,000, yu have t draw a thusand tally sticks, which takes a lng did the Indian numerals develp?Instead f using tally sticks, peple in ancient India began using different abstract symbls t represent different numbers. Sme believe that the sticks slwly turned int symbls ver the centuries.
4. Hw did the Indian numerals spread arund the wrld?The Indian numerals became ppular, and peple in the Arab wrld started using them. Thanks t the Arabs, this way f writing numbers spread t Eurpe and acrss the wrld, and nw they are knwn as Arabic numerals.5. Hw did the ancient Rmans write numbers?The ancient Rmans used letters frm their alphabet t write numbers. Fr example, the number 12 is “XII” (10 + 1+ 1).6. Why are Rman numerals nt as cmmn as Arabic numerals tday?Maybe because Rman numerals are t difficult t use.
2 Cmplete the summary belw with the infrmatin frm the article n page 30.
In ancient times, peple develped a cunting system called (1) _______. Later, peple replaced this system with abstract (2)_________. These were mre cnvenient because they were quicker t write. The numbers we use tday are called (3)________________. They were invented in (4)_______,Thanks t the ⑸_______，this system spread t ther parts f the wrld. Smetimes we als see numbers written with ⑹______________ n clck faces and buildings. These are called Rman numerals.
Arabic numerals.
Rman numerals
3 Cmplete the sentences with the wrds belw change the frm if necessary.
(1) The Rman symbl IV _________ the number 4 in Arabic numerals.(2) This palace was a(n)_________f the king's wealth and pwer.(3) The Rman alphabet is nt the nly writing ________ in the wrld — there are many thers.(4) We dn't knw_______ hw many animal species there are n Earth.
represents
4 What influences did the develpment f cunting methds have n peple's daily lives?
The develpment f cunting methds helped peple in daily life a lt. Tally sticks were slw, but new systems like Indian numerals made cunting fast. This helped in trade (e.g., cunting gds), recrd-keeping (e.g., taxes), and building. Arabic numerals spread glbally, making math easier fr everyne, even n clcks and in bks tday.
Peple used cunting rds in ancient China. What d yu knw abut this way f cunting? D sme research and share yur findings with yur classmates.
1. Each “stick” (r pebble, r ther cunting tl) stands fr a thing we want t cunt, such as an animal r a bag f rice.每根“棍子”（或鹅卵石，或其他计数工具）代表一件我们想计数的东西，比如一只动物或一袋米
stand fr 表示 “代表；象征”A stand(s) fr B（A 代表 / 象征 B）。In math, "x" ften stands fr an unknwn number.在数学中，“x” 通常代表一个未知数。The flag stands fr the cuntry’s histry and culture.这面旗帜象征着国家的历史和文化。
1.计数；计算数量She cunted the cins in her pcket—there were 15 in ttal.她数了口袋里的硬币 —— 总共 15 枚。2. 重要；有价值In exams, every pint cunts.考试中每一分都很重要。
同根词（形容词）Cuntable 可数的 uncuntable 不可数的 cuntless 无数的；数不清的常见短语cunt dwn：倒计时We cunted dwn the days until summer vacatin. 我们倒计时直到暑假。cunt n：依靠；指望(初一已学）Yu can cunt n me t help yu.
2. Tally sticks are easy t understand, but it can take a lng time t write dwn large numbers. 计数棒很容易理解，但写下大数字可能需要很长时间。
write dwn 写下；记下若接代词（如 it/them），需放在 write 和 dwn 之间（write it dwn）。接名词：Please write dwn yur name and phne number n the paper.请在纸上写下你的名字和电话号码。接代词：The teacher said smething imprtant. I need t write it dwn.老师说了些重要的话，我得把它记下来。
3. Instead f using tally sticks, peple began using different abstract(抽象的) symbls t represent different numbers. 人们开始使用不同的抽象符号来表示不同的数字，而不是使用计数棒。
instead f 代替；而不是 。表示 “用前者取代后者” 或 “不做后者而做前者”。I drank water instead f juice. 我喝了水，没喝果汁.He studies at hme instead f ging ut t play. 他在家学习，而不是出去玩。We can take the bus instead f the taxi. 我们可以坐公交，而不是打车。与 instead 的区别：instead f 后接名词 / 动名词（介词短语）；instead 单独使用，后接句子（副词）。He didn’t drink juice. Instead, he drank water.他没喝果汁，而是喝了水。
symbl 象征；符号。后常接 f sth.，表示 “…… 的象征”。The dve is a symbl f peace. 鸽子是和平的象征。The dragn is an imprtant symbl in Chinese culture.龙是中国文化中的重要象征。Gld has lng been a symbl f wealth.黄金长期以来是财富的象征。
represent 代表；象征,描绘；表现She represents ur class in the debate cmpetitin. 她代表我们班参加辩论赛。The lg represents the cmpany’s cre values.这个标志象征着公司的核心价值观。 The painting represents a peaceful cuntryside scene. 这幅画描绘了宁静的乡村景象。
represent 与 stand fr 的核心区别
4.Thanks t the Arabs, this way f writing numbers spread t Eurpe and acrss the wrld. Nwadays, they are knwn as Arabic numerals.多亏了阿拉伯人，这种数字书写方式传播到了欧洲和世界各地。如今，它们被称为阿拉伯数字
Thanks t 由于，幸亏acrss the wrld 世界各地，全世界are knwn as 被称为
be knwn as 被称为；作为…… 而闻名后接职业 / 身份：Beethven is knwn as a great cmpser. 贝多芬被称为伟大的作曲家。接称号 / 别名：New Yrk is knwn as “the Big Apple”. 纽约被称为 “大苹果”。接特征 / 属性：The regin is knwn as a land f natural beauty. 该地区以自然美景之地闻名。
拓展辨析：与 be knwn fr /be knwn t 的区别
If yu carefully bserve the natural wrld arund yu, yu may find interesting mathematical patterns!
1 Read the article n Fibnacci numbers and ut mre abut Maths in nature.
Fibnacci was a famus Italian mathematician brn in the 12th century. He created many maths prblems. The mst famus ne was abut rabbits. Imagine that a pair f rabbits can have tw babies every mnth. After tw mnths, the new rabbits can have babies t. What will happen if yu have a pair f newbrn rabbits n yur farm? Hw will the number f rabbits grw ver time? Let’s lk at the answers this way:
This is the beginning f the Fibnacci sequence(斐波那契数列) . Lk at the numbers. Can yu see any pattern? That's right—each number is the sum f the tw previus nes. As we can see, the numbers in the Fibnacci sequence grw very quickly. What numbers cme after 8 in the sequence?
Number f pairs
2 Find a pine cne and cunt the spirals. Hw des the number f spirals illustrate the Fibnacci sequence? Think abut things arund yu in nature. Have yu ever nticed any interesting patterns?
Fibnacci numbers are very special because they shw up everywhere. They appear in artwrks and famus buildings, and als in living things. In fact, nature likes t fllw the Fibnacci sequence. Flwer petals (花瓣) ften cme in Fibnacci numbers. The same thing happens with the spirals(螺旋形)f pine cnes (松果) and sunflwer seeds. We d nt knw yet why these numbers are s cmmn, but Fibnacci's discvery can help us understand the natural wrld.
Making a bklet abut numbers
Our wrld is full f amazing numbers. Hw much d yu knw abut them? In this prject, yu will explre different types f number in grups and make a class bklet abut yur findings.
Step 1 Brainstrm sme number-related tpics in yur grup Use the fllwing spidergram t help yu, write dwn yur wn ideas .
Step 2 Decide n a tpic and then research it.Step 3 Write a shrt passage n yur tpic. Illustrate yur passage with pictures, graphs, etc.Step 4 As a class, put all yur passages tgether t make a bklet abut numbers.
1,阅读关于数字发展的文章，了解古代不同的计数方法，也明白计数 方式的发展演变。2，学习和理解本章节出现的单词和句式。3，跨学科了解斐波那契数列的特点，斐波那契数很特别，在艺术品、 著名建筑、生物等中普遍存在。虽不知其普遍存在原因，但能帮 助理解自然界 。4，探索不同类型的数字，并制作一本关于你的发现的课堂小册子。
一、根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词1.The central cmputer s________ can cntrl (控制)all lights in this building.2. Sichuan pera was first perfrmed in the Tang dynasty in Sichuan and later d___________ int a ppular art frm in China.3. If yu g t Xi’an, a(n) a_______ capital f thirteen dynasties, yu can’t miss its places f histrical abut the schl sprts meeting s_____ quickly amng the students.5. As usual, it's time t g t the sea t feed t________ f seabirds there. 6. She asked the children t c____ the number f stars drawn n the blackbard.7. It’s c_______ fr peple t feel nervus befre a jb interview.8. The flag’s clrs r________ the histry and culture f the natin.9. She knew e_______ what t say t cmfrt her friend in truble.10. We can c_____ beautiful cards with clred paper and crayns in art class.
一、用单词的适当形式填空1. The ____ student in line is ______ years ld, and he lves drawing cats. (nine)2. My aunt became a teacher when she was in her _______. (twenty)3. The _____ grade has eighteen classes, and my friend is in Class _____. (eight)4. It's easy _______apples because they are _________bjects. (cunt)5. She drank water instead f _______(eat)eating snacks during the break.6. The ______ price f the bk is 25 yuan, and I _______ have 25 yuan in my wallet. (exact)7. My pen pal frm _____ can speak bth English and _____ languages. (India)8. Rice is _______________(cmmn) fd in many Asian cuntries.9. My grandpa used ________ (tell) me stries every night befre bed.10. The _____ hpes ________mre wnderful cartns fr children, and each _________ makes kids happy. (create)
t cunt cuntable
exact exactly
India Indian
the mst cmmn
creatr t create creatin
ninth nine
eighth Eight
三、完成句子1.在课上，没有必要把屏 幕上所有的东西都记下来。 In class there is n need t______ ______ all the things n the screen.2.面对这么多困难，我们 决定继续奋斗，而不是放弃。 Facing s many difficulties, we decide t fight n ______ ____giving up.3.把一个梦想变成现实 的最好方式就是立刻行动。 The best way t____ _____ _____ _____reality is by acting right away.4.袁隆平，世界上最伟大的科学家之一，作为 “杂交水稻之父”而出名。 Yuan Lngping, ne f the greatest scientists in the wrld,____ ____ ____ “the Father f Hybrid Rice”.
turn yur dream int
is knwn as
5.罗马数字不如阿拉伯数字常见，也许是因为它们太难使用了！Rman numerals are nt ____ ____ ____Arabic numerals, maybe because they are _____ difficult ____ use!6.不同的文化有不同的象征，一颗心往往代表爱。Different cultures have _____ ________, and a heart ften ____ _____lve.7.计数棒很容易理解，但写下大数字可能需要很长时间。Tally sticks are easy ___ ________, but it can take a lng time t _____ _____ large numbers. 8.多亏了老师的帮助，我过去数学很差，但现在我擅长了____ ___my teacher's help, I ___ ____be weak in math, but nw I'm gd at it.
as cmmn as t t
different symbls stands fr
t understand t write dwn
Thanks t used t