高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习试卷06.第六讲　谓语动词(一)——动词的时态、语态和主谓一致

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这是一份高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习试卷06.第六讲　谓语动词(一)——动词的时态、语态和主谓一致，共16页。
1．(2024·全国甲卷)They were (be) part f a 15member explring party that had spent almst five awesme weeks in witness f the natural beauties there.
2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse walks (walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr the first time.
3．(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets have started (start) selling chicken r salad in packs designed with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份)．
4．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Tw years later, a sixmetertall pavilin, inspired by The Peny Pavilin, was built (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk frm Shakespeare's birthplace.
5．(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed (amaze) by the cexistence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
6．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I wished (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.
7．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry was fixing (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny.
8．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He quickly threw (thrw) his tls aside, and started running, arms ut.
9．(2022·全国乙卷)The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety addressed (address) the pening ceremny.
10．(2022·浙江1月卷)On a website called N Fly Climate Sci，fr example，rughly 200 academics—many f them climate scientists— have prmised (prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
eq \a()
考点一动词的时态
(一)一般时态
1．一般现在时
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有always, usually, ften, smetimes, every day等。
I usually d my hmewrk in the evening.
我通常晚上做作业。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于g, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, cme, take ff等动词(短语)。
My flight takes ff at 5：00 am.
我的航班早上五点起飞。
(3)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
They'll stand by yu even if yu dn't succeed．
即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
(4)表示客观真理、科学事实。
The gegraphy teacher tld us the earth travels arund the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
2．一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有yesterday, last year, just nw, the ther day, tw weeks ag等。
He arrived at schl at 9：00 am yesterday.
他昨天上午九点到的学校。
(2)根据上下文或主从句提示判断用一般过去时。
We ften played tgether when we were children.
我们小时候经常在一起玩。
eq \a() ——单句语法填空
1．Nwadays, many peple acrss the wrld are (be) eager t learn abut China thrugh stries abut Chinese civilisatin and cntemprary China.
2．He and the ther wrkers let peple vte fr their favurite fat bear n Facebk. The neday event attracted (attract) just 1，700 vtes in 2014.
3．The Taizhu utlet f Dayin Bkmall, a famus bkstre chain frm Shanghai, pened (pen) last year n the street in a traditinal Chinesestyle building with cuttingedge designs.
(二)进行时态
1．现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有nw, right nw, at present, at this mment, these days等。
I dn't really wrk here; I am just helping ut until the new secretary arrives.
我并不是真的在这里工作。我只是在新秘书来之前在这里帮忙。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用的动词有g, cme, leave, arrive, start, mve等。
He is leaving tmrrw t play his first match.
他明天要去打他的第一场比赛。
(3)与always, ften, frever, cnstantly, cntinually等连用时，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，而非强调动作正在进行。
He is always helping thers.
他总是帮助其他人。
2．过去进行时
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示)。常用的时间状语有then, yesterday, at that time, at this time等。
Susan had quit her wellpaid jb and was wrking as a vlunteer in the neighburhd when I visited her last year.
去年我去拜访苏珊时，她已经辞去了收入丰厚的工作，在社区做志愿者。
(2)表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作。常用的动词有plan, cme, g, leave, arrive, start, mve, sail, fly, travel, stay等。
He said (that) she was arriving the next day.
他说她第二天会到达。
(3)与always, cnstantly, cntinually, frever等副词连用表示赞美或讨厌的感情色彩。
She was always thinking f thers.
她总是为别人考虑。
3．将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有at six tmrrw, in the next tw mnths等。
I'll be ding sme husewrk tmrrw afternn.
明天下午我将要干些家务活。
eq \a() ——完成句子
1．听！玛丽正在教室里唱一首英文歌。
Listen! Mary is singing an English sng in the classrm．
2．昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在家看电视。
He was watching TV at hme frm 3：00 t 5：00 yesterday afternn.
3．当你到达时，她将正在车站等你。
She will be waiting fr yu at the statin when yu arrive.
(三)将来时态
1．一般将来时
(1)“will/shall＋动词原形”表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话人临时做出的决定。
It is said that he will retire next mnth.
据说他将于下个月退休。
(2)“be ging t＋动词原形”表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事；表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，推测某事即将发生。
Lk at the clud. It lks as if it is ging t rain．
瞧那乌云，看起来好像要下雨了。
(3)“be abut t＋动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间的状语连用，但可以与when连用。
The English evening is abut t start．
英语晚会即将开始。
(4)“be t＋动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。
Yu are t hand in yur papers by 10 'clck.
你要在10点前上交论文。
2．过去将来时
表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
She was sure she wuld succeed．
她确信她会成功。
eq \a() ——完成句子
1．你如果努力，就会成功。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
Wrk hard and yu will succeed．
2．除非下雨，否则我们是要参加聚会的。(unless)
We shall attend the party unless it rains．
3．这条公路将在五月份通车。(be t d)
The highway is t be pen t traffic in May．
4．今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。(be ging t d)
I'm ging t buy a new cat this winter.
5．他说他第二天要来看我。(wuld d)
He said he wuld cme t visit me the next day.
(四) 完成时态
1．现在完成时
(1)表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在(甚至到将来)。常与之连用的时间状语有：lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years, since then, up t nw, s far等。
In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hmetwn.
在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
(2)表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。常用的状语有：already, ever, just(刚刚), yet等。
He has already turned ff the light.(＝The light is ff nw.)
他已经关掉灯了。
(3)在“最高级＋名词”或“It/This is＋the＋序数词＋time”之后的从句中谓语动词常用现在完成时。
This is the first time (that) I have cme here.
这是我第一次来这里。
2．过去完成时
(1)一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)，那么发生在前的动作要用过去完成时。
When Jack arrived, Mary had been away fr almst an hur.
当杰克到达时，玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。
(2)hpe, expect, mean, intend, want, suppse的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
I had hped t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage, but I culdn't manage it.
我本希望送彼得一件礼物来祝贺他结婚，但我没做到。
(3)在Hardly/Scarcely/Barely ... when ... 和N sner ... than ... 句型中，when和than引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且常用倒装，表示“刚……就……”。
Hardly/N sner had I gt hme when/than the rain pured dwn.
我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
(4)在“It/This was the first (secnd, etc.) time＋that从句”句型中，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
It was the secnd time that he had wn the electin.
那是他第二次在大选中获胜。
3．现在完成进行时
表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。常和all this time, this week, this mnth, all night, all the mrning, recently等状语以及since和fr引导的状语从句连用。
I have been reading Hemingway's A Farewell t Arms recently.
我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。
eq \a() ——单句语法填空/完成句子
1．Fr the past few decades, many f us have relied (rely) n “Dctr Ggle” t selfdiagnse(自我诊断) aches, pains and cmplaints.
2．It desn't impress like Gerge Washingtn's plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, has prved/has prven (prve) irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public.
3．自任教以来，她一直在努力工作。
She has been wrking hard since she became a teacher.
4．我到达电影院时，电影票已经卖完了。
When I gt t the cinema, the tickets had been sld ut．
(五)“7组比较”辨清易混时态
1．一般现在时与现在进行时的比较
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现的动作或状态；现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，或现阶段一直进行的动作(说话时未必正在做)。
On Mnday mrnings it usually takes me an hur t drive t wrk althugh the actual distance is nly 20 miles.(经常性、习惯性的动作)
在星期一的早上，开车上班通常要花费我一个小时的时间，虽然实际距离只有20英里。
Hurry up! Mark and Carl are expecting us.(正在进行的动作)
快点！马克和卡罗尔正在等我们。
2．一般现在时与现在完成时的比较
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现的动作或状态；现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作到现在已完成，或过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
I d all the cking fr my family, but recently I have been t busy t d it.
通常由我给家人做饭，但我最近太忙，没时间做了。
3．一般过去时与现在完成时的比较
一般过去时表示过去某时刻发生的动作或情况，与现在没什么联系，常与表示过去的时间状语连用；而现在完成时表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情况或过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
I felt very tired when I gt hme, and I went straight t bed.
回到家时我感觉非常累，所以就直接去睡觉了。
—Alvin, are yu cming with us?
—I'd lve t, but smething unexpected has cme up．
——阿尔文，你会跟我们来吗？
——我想去，但发生了意想不到的事情。
4．一般过去时与过去完成时的比较
一般过去时表示动作发生在过去；而过去完成时表示在过去某个动作发生之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。
Tm and I became friends in 2000, althugh we had actually met several years befre.
汤姆和我在2000年成为朋友，尽管几年之前我们就见过面。
5．一般过去时与过去进行时的比较
一般过去时仅说明动作发生在过去，不强调动作的延续性；而过去进行时则强调在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。
He wrte a nvel last mnth.(已经完成小说)
他上个月写了一部小说。
He was writing a nvel at this time last mnth.(不一定完成小说)
上个月的这个时候他正在写一部小说。
6．一般将来时与将来进行时的比较
一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态；而将来进行时强调将来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
I am busy reviewing my lessns because I will have an exam tmrrw.
我正忙着复习功课，因为明天要考试。
I can't cme tmrrw, because I will be having an exam at this time tmrrw.
我明天来不了，因为明天这个时候我正在考试。
7．现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果；而现在完成进行时则表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在，并且还在进行，强调动作的延续性。
Mary has phned yu.
玛丽给你打过电话了。
Mary has been phning yu.
玛丽一直在给你打电话。
eq \a()——单句语法填空
1．Pwer walking ffers many benefits. Walking at a quick pace f 4 mph burns (burn) arund 300 calries per hur.
2．Nw China is playing (play) an imprtant rle in glbal ecnmic plicy－making.
3．I have used (use) this pen nly three times. It is still gd.
4．Translated fictin sales in the United Kingdm rse (rise) by 5.5 percent last year, with grwing demand fr Chinese titles, said Nielsen n Wednesday.
(六)确定动词时态的4个依据
依据1：时间状语
动词的时态，顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式，因此时间状语是确定动词时态的最直接的决定因素。
【例1】 It is said that silk (becme) ne f the primary gds traded alng the Silk Rad by abut 100 BCE.
分析：had becme 题干中by abut 100 BCE是表示过去的时间状语，当时间状语是“介词by (不迟于，不晚于)＋过去的某一时间”时，表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，谓语动词应用过去完成时。
【例2】 In the last few years, China (make) great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.
分析：has made 句意：在最近的几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大的成就。题干中的时间状语是In the last few years，表示动作“从过去某一时间一直持续到现在”，所填谓语动词应用现在完成时；主语China为第三人称单数形式，助动词应用has。故填has made。
依据2：参照动词
当题干中没有时间状语，或时间状语不能完全决定所填动词的动作发生的具体时间时，动词的时态由其参照动词来决定。
【例3】 The real reasn why prices (be), and still are，t high is cmplex，and n shrt discussin can satisfactrily explain this prblem.
分析：were 分析句子结构可知，题干中没有时间状语，由参照动词are和is以及still可以推断出所填动词陈述的是过去的事实，表示“过去是”，应用一般过去时；主语prices为复数形式，故填were。
依据3：句意或语境
当题干中无时间状语及参照动词，或时间状语和参照动词都不能确定所填动词的时态时，所填动词的时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发生的语境来决定。
【例4】 —Is Peter cming?
—N, he (change) his mind after a phne call at the last minute.
分析：changed 根据语境可知，所填词的动作发生在过去，陈述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时。题干中虽有时间状语at the last minute和参照动词is cming，但它们都不能准确定位所填动词的动作发生的时间，因此所填词的时态由句意或语境来决定。
【例5】 When walking dwn the street, I came acrss David, whm I (nt see) fr years.
分析：hadn't seen 根据语境可知，“多年没见”这一动作发生在“偶然遇到(came acrss)”之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
【例6】 He said that ne f the phne bxes (generate) arund $13，500 in revenue a mnth and cst nly abut $400 t rent.
分析：generated 句意：他说一个电话亭每月能产生约1.35万美元的收入，租金仅为400美元左右。根据主句中的said可知，that引导的宾语从句时态也应用过去的某种时态，从句陈述过去的一般情况，应用一般过去时。
依据4：固定句式
英语中有一些句式的时态常常是固定的，如果题干中出现这类句式，应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。常见的固定句式如下：
①It is the that sb.have/has dne...
②It was the that sb.had dne...
③Sb. was ding
④Hardly/Scarcely had sb.dne
⑤Sb. was abut t d
⑥It's (high) time that sb.did/shuld d...
【例7】 It is the first time that I (be) t Beijing.
分析：have been 句意：这是我第一次去北京。提示词为be动词，设空处在句中作谓语，再根据固定句式It is the first time that sb. have/has dne...确定使用现在完成时。
eq \a()
考点二被动语态(一)各种时态中被动语态的构成
(二)被动语态的用法
1．不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者
Attentin，please! A meeting will be held in the ffice at 8：00 am tmrrw. Everyne is expected t attend n time.
请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。
2．强调或突出动作的承受者
The wman was taken t hspital.
那位女士被送进了医院。
3．动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰
The idea was supprted by thse wh wished t make much mney.
想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。
[名师指津] 不能使用被动语态的几种情况：
①不及物动词(短语)不用于被动语态，如happen，ccur，fail，remain，spread，take place，break ut，cme true等。
The disease spreads easily.
这种疾病容易传播。
②某些动词(短语)不用于被动语态，如benefit，fit，lack，cntain，jin，last，arrive at/in，agree with，lk like，cnsist f，suffer frm，succeed in等。
This drink desn't cntain any alchl.
这种饮料不含任何酒精。
③表示归属的动词(短语)不用于被动语态，如have，wn，belng t等。
The red pen belngs t me.
这支红色的钢笔是我的。
④宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，谓语动词用主动语态，不用被动语态。
We ften help each ther.
我们经常互相帮助。
(三)主动形式表示被动意义的4种情况
——单句语法填空
1．Luzhu Wd Carving was listed (list) int the Prvincial Intangible Cultural Heritage prject in 2013.
2．Nw, in Beijing, it is frbidden (frbid) t keep adult dgs that are taller than 35 centimeters in the restricted areas.
3．By the end f Nvember, 2022, vides recrding r intrducing this activity, Weilu Zhucha, had been played (play) 1.14 billin times.
4．Traditinal Chinese medicine is an imprtant part f Chinese culture and has been practiced (practice) in China fr ver 2，000 years till nw.
eq \a()
考点三主谓一致
1．语法一致原则
(1)动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Listening t music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
忙碌一天之后，听音乐使我感到很放松。
[名师指津] what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What he says and des des nt cncern me.
他的言行与我无关。
What he says and des d nt agree.
他的言行不一致。
(2)主语后跟with，tgether with，as well as，like，but，except，alng with，rather than等连接的短语时，谓语动词的数要与连接词前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher as well as his students was very excited.
这位老师和他的学生们都非常激动。
(3)and，连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The singer and dancer is t attend ur evening party.
那位歌舞表演者将参加我们的晚会。
(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
My friend shwed me arund the twn，which was very attractive.
我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，它非常迷人。
(5)“many a/mre than ne＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，n所修饰的名词作主语时，即使由and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a parent has had t g thrugh this same painful prcess.
很多家长不得不经历同样的痛苦过程。
Every by and every girl wishes t attend the party t be held n Sunday.
每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周日举行的聚会。
(6)“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The sick have been cured and the missing have been fund.
患病的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了。
(7)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词或短语通常看作一个整体，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Tw thusand miles is a lng distance.
两千英里是一段很长的距离。
2．意义一致原则
(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，grup，public，cmmittee，gvernment，audience等。
The whle class were tld t stay behind after schl.
全班学生被告知放学后留下。
(2)“分数/百分数/the majrity＋f＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于f后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all，sme，half，mst，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
Abut ne third f the bks were written by him.
这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。
3．就近一致原则
(1)由r，，，nt als...，等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致。
Neither yu nr I am fit fr the wrk.
你和我都不适合做这个工作。
(2)在there/here be结构中，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are three chairs，a desk and a cmputer in the rm.
房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。
——单句语法填空
1．Either the principal r his assistants are (be) t attend the meeting.
2．Sharing fd and drink is (be) ne f everyday habits that shuld be changed frever after the epidemic.
3．Of the nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six are (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
4．Amy, as well as her brthers, was given (give) a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
5．The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little f the riginal building remains (remain) nw.
eq \a()
eq \a()
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Impressed by the beauty f a desert beside the Yellw River, Wang Wei stpped ff and wrte (write) a timeless classic pem：“In the vast desert rises straight, lnely smke; the grand, lng river reflects(reflect) the rund setting sun.”
2．Over the past decade, a glbal push t reduce hunger and extreme pverty has marked(mark) sme significant success.
3．It was time fr me t try my hand, s I tk up the brush, dipped(dip) it in the ink, and carefully wrte “ne” in Chinese.
4．When we read a pem, we ften imagine what the pets were thinking(think) when they wrte r what they were ding at the time.
5．Fr the past fur days I have been taking (take) part in a disability arts festival as a member f a chir (合唱团) set up specially t perfrm at this festival. Lking frward t the day f perfrmance!
6．By the time he was furteen years ld, Einstein had learned/had learnt(learn) advanced mathematics all by himself.
7．If we keep n ding this practice, gradually, we will learn(learn) hw t express urselves in English better.
8．This kind f clth has been sld ut in n time at the trade fair because it washes (wash) very easily.
9．Mre effrts, as reprted, will be made (make) in the years ahead t accelerate the supplyside structural refrm.
10．The MidAutumn Festival is a very imprtant traditinal festival in China, which takes its name frm the fact that it is celebrated (celebrate) in the middle f autumn.
11．The twer which is being restred (restre) will be pen t turists sn. As we can see, the wrk is almst finished.
12．By the time he was 30, he had been regarded (regard) as ne f the utstanding sculptrs.
Ⅱ.语篇专练(动词的时态、语态和主谓一致)
My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.reminds (remind) me f myself.In the past，I 2.was (be) never cnfident because f my appearance.Peple always laughed at my weight，my height，my hairstyle, etc.At that time, I was the shrtest student in my class.I started getting depressed.Hwever，smene tld me smething that I will always remember.
It was in March.Surrunded by a grup f girls wh 3.pinted (pint) at me and laughed at me，I culdn't help crying.The tears rlled dwn my face like a rushing river.T my surprise，smene lifted my head up and wiped the tears frm my face.
I then knew it was ur English teacher，Miss Li.She said，“Yu 4.are (be) perfect the way yu are.Yu shuld never change r hate yurself.Peple 5.will accept (accept) yu fr wh yu 6.are (be). But if yu cannt accept yurself，then hw will ther peple accept yu？” I 7.was inspired (inspire) by her wrds. Over the past few mnths，I 8.have learned/learnt (learn) that n ne is perfect and that we all have flaws.Nw I have wnderful friends wh 9.lve (lve) me fr wh I am.
Nw, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide t tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.tld (tell) me.
Ⅲ.写作迁移(正确运用动词的时态和语态完成句子)
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作)我写信是想和你分享上周五我在公园上的一堂美术课。
I'm writing t share with yu an art class I had in a park last Friday.
2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)我向他要了电话号码，并真诚地向他保证，我一回来就给他钱。
I asked him fr his telephne number and prmised sincerely t him that I wuld pay him as sn as I returned.
3．(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)首先，共享单车给我们的短途出行带来了极大的便利，使其更加灵活和环保。
First f all, shared bicycles have brught great cnvenience t ur shrtdistance travel, making it mre flexible and envirnmentally friendly.
4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作)得知将为我们安排英语口语课的消息，我们兴奋不已。
We're verwhelmed with excitement at the news that an ral English class will be arranged fr us.
5．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)我还记得那是一个春天的星期一的早晨，老师把我叫到他的办公室，告诉我，我在写作比赛中得了第一名。
I still remember it was a Mnday mrning in spring, when my teacher called me t his ffice，telling me that I had taken first place in the writing cntest.
时态
一般式
进行式
完成式
现在时
am/is/are＋过去分词
am/is/are＋being＋过去分词
have/has＋been＋过去分词
过去时
was/were＋过去分词
was/were＋being＋过去分词
had＋been＋过去分词
将来时
shall/will be＋过去分词
shall/will＋have been＋过去分词
过去将来时
shuld/wuld＋be＋过去分词
shuld/wuld＋have been＋过去分词
系动词，如smell, taste, feel, lk, sund, prve等后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动意义
This kind f wl shirt feels sft．
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。
表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean等，常与well, badly, easily, smthly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义
Have yu bught the bk that sells well these days?
你买了最近很畅销的那本书了吗？
某些与can't, wn't等连用的不及物动词，如pen, shut, mve等，用主动形式表示被动意义
The dr wn't shut．
这扇门关不上。
少数不及物动词用于进行时，如print, ck, sell等，其主动形式表示被动意义
The meat is cking．
肉正在炖着。