湖北省仙桃市2024-2025学年高一下学期期末质量监测英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份湖北省仙桃市2024-2025学年高一下学期期末质量监测英语试卷（解析版），共17页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Natinal Gallery
Discver the cllectin
The Natinal Gallery displays ne f the finest and mst cmprehensive cllectins f Eurpean painting. It includes many famus wrks, such as Van Eyck’s Arnlfini Prtrait, Velazquez’s Rkeby Venus, Turner’s Fighting Temeraire and Van Ggh’s Sunflwers. All majr traditins f Western Eurpean painting are represented frm the artists f late medieval and Renaissance Italy t the French Impressinists.
This plan will help yu t explre the cllectin. Yu may wish t start by finding ne f the famus paintings illustrated verleaf. Yu can als plan yur rute using the ArtStart tuch-screen guides. Free guided turs and a variety f audi guides are available.
Fr further infrmatin, ask at Infrmatin Desks r pick up the What’s On and Bk Nw guides fr full details f talks, turs and family events.
A public cllectin
The paintings in the Natinal Gallery belng t the public and entrance t see them is free. The Gallery was funded in 1824, but it did nt acquire its current hme, designed by William Wilkins, until 1838. The site in Trafalgar Square was chsen fr its central lcatin, accessible t bth the rich f West Lndn and the prer cmmunities f the East End. The building has been extended and imprved ver the years, mst ntably in 1991 with the pening f the Sainsbury Wing, designed by Venturi, Sctt Brwn & Assciates. The Gallery cntinues t ensure that the widest pssible public can enjy the paintings.
If yu d nt wish t keep this plan, please return it t an Infrmatin Desk fr recycling.
1. Hw can visitrs find the illustrated painting Sunflwers?
A. Ask fr an audi guide.
B. Read Bk Nw guides.
C. Search it n the back f the plan.
D. Use the ArtStart tuch-screen guides.
2. What can be learned abut the Natinal Gallery building?
A. It has been expanded ver time.
B. It was designed by Venturi alne.
C. Wilkins designed the Sainsbury Wing.
D. Its current frm was cmpleted in 1824.
3. Where is the text mst likely frm?
A. A persnal diary.B. A travel website.
C. A science magazine.D. A museum leaflet.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了国家美术馆的藏品、参观方式、建筑历史等信息。
【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yu may wish t start by finding ne f the famus paintings illustrated verleaf.( 你可能希望从反面插图的一幅名画开始。)”可知，“verleaf”意思是“在背面”，这表明可以在计划（plan）的背面找到有图示的著名画作，《向日葵》是著名画作之一。故选C项。
【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The building has been extended and imprved ver the years, mst ntably in 1991 with the pening f the Sainsbury Wing, designed by Venturi, Sctt Brwn & Assciates.( 多年来，该建筑一直在扩建和改进，最引人注目的是1991年由文丘里，斯科特布朗和联合设计的塞恩斯伯里翼的开放。)”可知，关于国家美术馆可以了解到随着时间的推移，它已经扩大了。故选A项。
【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了国家美术馆的藏品、参观方式、建筑历史等信息，整体是关于美术馆的介绍，所以最有可能来自博物馆的传单（museum leaflet）。
B
Nt lng befre writing this nte, I set ut with Gracie t hike a favrite trail, which is hw I fund myself ut f breath up a steep Berkshires hillside in late-winter snw. The trail hadn’t been brken, and there was a wild wind. I paused at a frk. One way led t the highest pint in the preserve, ur gal fr the day, and the ther descended, wrapped arund the cliff and back t the parking area. A lnger but easier trail that passed by an impressive beaver dam we always lved t see. Gracie sat, her wagging tail making a ne-winged snw angel.
I thught f cancer survivr Lynne Hartke’s brave stry in this issue, abut struggle t reach the tp f El Minsti, a drmant vlcan in Peru, and the lessn she learned. Like Lynne, I hate t give up befre reaching a gal, even if mine was mre mdest. Yet maybe, like Lynne, I shuld recgnize that my plan is nt always Gd’s plan, nt tday at least, and maybe nt n any given day.
We dn’t pick stries fr an issue arund a certain theme. Still, a theme smetimes suggests itself as the pieces develp. Take ur cver stry, by Mary Bryant Shrader. Her plan was t becme a hard-charging crprate lawyer. Nw she’s a Yu Tube cking star and prepper, teaching peple traditinal ways f keeping a kitchen. Little did she knw hw that philsphy wuld influence her faith in a mment f crisis. In her stry, Night and Day, all Jessica Reed desired fr was t be nrmal. Yet was her idea f “nrmal” Gd’s idea? Take a crss-cuntry ride with Jim Hinch and sn in The Tw Dudes, and witness hw the best-laid plans f a father can take a different turn.
In my life, I’ve learned that the path laid ut befre me was nt the ne I thught I wuld fllw. And yet it has brught great frtune. Even n a late-winter day n a snwy hillside trail. “Cme n, Gracie,” I said. “Let’s g see the beavers.”
4. Hw did the authr feel when pausing at the frk?
A. Cnfident.B. Hesitant.C. Determined.D. Impatient.
5. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “mdest” in paragraph 2?
A. Ordinary.B. Challenging.C. Expensive.D. Hidden.
6. What is cmmn amng Lynne Hartke, Mary Shrader, and Jessica Reed?
A. They failed in career.B. They shifted persnal gals.
C. They brke frmer plans.D. They fund faith thrugh nature.
7. Why des the authr write this passage?
A. T criticize strict planning.B. T prmte religius beliefs.
C. T encurage flexible thinking.D. T describe a hiking adventure.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和宠物狗在雪天徒步旅行时，在岔路口做出选择，进而引发对人生中计划与变故的思考，并通过列举他人的故事，鼓励人们灵活看待人生。
【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Like Lynne, I hate t give up befre reaching a gal, even if mine was mre mdest. Yet maybe, like Lynne, I shuld recgnize that my plan is nt always Gd’s plan, nt tday at least, and maybe nt n any given day. (像林恩一样，我也不喜欢在达到目标之前就放弃，即使我的目标更mdest。然而，也许和林恩一样，我应该认识到，我的计划并不总是上帝的计划，至少今天不是，也许在任何一天都不是)”可知，作者提到自己和Lynne一样不喜欢在达到目标前放弃，但又在思考也许自己的计划并不总是对的，由此可推断出作者在岔路口时内心是犹豫的，不确定该选择哪条路，所以Hesitant“犹豫的”符合作者当时的心情。A. Cnfident自信的；C. Determined坚定的；D. Impatient不耐烦的。故选B。
【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Like Lynne, I hate t give up befre reaching a gal, even if miCne was mre mdest. Yet maybe, like Lynne, I shuld recgnize that my plan is nt always Gd’s plan, nt tday at least, and maybe nt n any given day. (像林恩一样，我也不喜欢在达到目标之前就放弃，即使我的目标更mdest。然而，也许和林恩一样，我应该认识到，我的计划并不总是上帝的计划，至少今天不是，也许在任何一天都不是)”可知，作者将Lynne爬秘鲁的火山和自己的徒步目标对比，说明自己的目标相对而言没有那么宏大、不一般，是较为普通的，Ordinary“普通的”符合语境。B. Challenging有挑战性的；C. Expensive昂贵的；D. Hidden隐藏的。故选A。
【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Take ur cver stry, by Mary Bryant Shrader. Her plan was t becme a hard - charging crprate lawyer. Nw she’s a YuTube cking star and prepper, teaching peple traditinal ways f keeping a kitchen. Little did she knw hw that philsphy wuld influence her faith in a mment f crisis. In her stry, Night and Day, all Jessica Reed desired fr was t be nrmal. Yet was her idea f “nrmal” Gd’s idea? (来看看我们的封面故事，作者是玛丽・布莱恩特・施雷德。她原本的计划是成为一名积极进取的企业律师。如今，她成了一名 YuTube 烹饪明星兼生存达人，向人们传授保持厨房传统的方法。她万万没想到，在危机时刻，这种理念会对她的信仰产生影响。在她的故事《日与夜》中，杰西卡・里德一心只想过上平凡的生活。然而，她所认为的“平凡”，真的是上帝眼中的“平凡”吗？)”可知，Lynne Hartke原本计划爬秘鲁的火山，但可能因各种情况改变了想法；Mary Bryant Shrader原本计划成为公司律师，后来成了YuTube烹饪明星；Jessica Reed原本渴望“平凡”，但她的“平凡”观念可能与上帝的想法不同，意味着她也有个人目标或想法的转变。这三个人都改变了自己原本的个人目标或想法。故选B。
【7题详解】推理判断题。文章通过作者自己在徒步时在岔路口的选择，联想到Lynne Hartke、Mary Bryant Shrader、Jessica Reed等人的故事，这些人都在人生中经历了计划与现实的差异，最后作者决定改变原计划去看海狸，并在最后一段中提到“In my life, I’ve learned that the path laid ut befre me was nt the ne I thught I wuld fllw. And yet it has brught great frtune. (在我的生活中，我明白了摆在我面前的道路并不是我想象中的那条。然而，它却给我带来了巨大的财富)”由此可推断出作者写这篇文章是为了鼓励人们在面对人生的变化时要灵活思考，不要固执地坚持原计划。故选C。
C
Dgs have been clse fur-legged friends f humans fr as lng as we can remember, but exactly hw lng has this relatinship lasted? Scientists may finally have an answer, thanks t a new study n ancient human remains fund in Alaska. The research suggests that the strng bnd between humans and the ancestrs f tday’s dgs began 12,000 years ag.
“We nw have prf that dgs and humans had clse cnnectins earlier than we thught in the Americas,” said the study’s lead authr, Francis Lane, an assistant researcher at the University f Arizna’s Schl f Anthrplgy.
“Peple interested in the rigins f the Americans want t knw if the first humans arrived with dgs. Until we find these animals in ld digging sites, we can nly guess — it’s hard t cnfirm. This discvery is very significant.”
In a 2018 archaelgical study, the same team fund a lwer leg bne frm an adult dg like animal at a site in Alaska. Carbn dating shwed the animal lived 12,000 years ag, near the end f the Ice Age. Mre recently, in June 2023, the team dug up an 8,100-year-ld jawbne frm a similar animal at a nearby site.
Fr the new study, scientists perfrmed chemical tests n these bnes. They fund salmn prteins, suggesting these animals ate fish regularly. This was unusual because dg- like animals at the time nly hunted land animals, shwing human influence.
While the team believes this is the earliest knwn relatinship between humans and dgs, they say it’s t sn t be certain. A key questin remains: “What defines a dg?” said Dr. Ben Pt, a c- authr f the study and an archaelgist at the University f Alaska Fairbanks. Thugh these creatures acted and lked like dgs, they might be t ancient t be genetically cnnected t mdern dgs we knw tday.
8. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Humans and dgs develped a clse bnd 12,000 years ag.
B. Scientists discvered the ldest human remains in America.
C. Ancient dgs survived the Ice Age by eating fish.
D. A new study prves dgs riginated in Alaska.
9. What can we infer abut the significance f the discvery?
A. It shws early human- dg friendship.B. It prves dgs came befre humans.
C. It changes ice Age theries.D. It explains dg DNA fully.
10. Hw was the age f the bne determined in the 2018 study?
A. Genetic testing.B. Prtein analysis.
C. Carbn dating.D. Site cmparisn.
11. Why is the team uncertain abut the earliest human-dg relatinship?
A. Weak DNA link.B. Nt sure what is a “dg”.
C. Few bne samples.D. unclear fish prtein results.
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. C 11. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过一项针对阿拉斯加古人类遗骸的新研究，揭示了人类与狗之间深厚关系的起源时间。
【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“The research suggests that the strng bnd between humans and the ancestrs f tday’s dgs began 12,000 years ag.(研究表明，人类和今天狗的祖先之间的紧密联系始于12000年前)”结合文章主要说明了科学家通过一项针对阿拉斯加古人类遗骸的新研究，揭示了人类与狗之间深厚关系的起源时间。故文章主旨是人类和狗在12000年前就建立了亲密的关系。故选A。
【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Peple interested in the rigins f the Americans want t knw if the first humans arrived with dgs. Until we find these animals in ld digging sites, we can nly guess — it’s hard t cnfirm. This discvery is very significant.(对于美洲原住民起源感兴趣的人们想知道，最初的人类是否是带着狗一同抵达这里的。在我们能在古老的挖掘地点找到这些动物之前，我们只能进行猜测——这很难得到证实。这一发现意义重大)”可知，这一发现表明了早期人类与狗之间的友好关系。故选A。
【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“In a 2018 archaelgical study, the same team fund a lwer leg bne frm an adult dg like animal at a site in Alaska. Carbn dating shwed the animal lived 12,000 years ag, near the end f the Ice Age.(在2018年的一次考古研究中，同一研究团队在阿拉斯加的一个遗址中发现了一块类似成年犬类的下肢骨骼。碳年代测定显示，该动物生活在12000年前，处于冰河时代末期)”可知，在2018年的研究中，骨头的年龄是通过碳年代测定法确定的。故选C。
【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“A key questin remains: “What defines a dg?” said Dr. Ben Pt, a c- authr f the study and an archaelgist at the University f Alaska Fairbanks.(一个关键问题依然存在：“究竟什么才能定义一只狗？”该研究的合著者、阿拉斯加费尔班克斯大学的考古学家本·波特博士说道)”可知，这个团队对于人类与狗之间最早的关系存在的疑问是对狗的定义，即，不清楚什么是“狗”。故选B。
D
The “hedgehg (刺猬) dilemma” is a famus metaphr frm German philspher Arthur Schpenhauer. In his 1851 bk, he described hw humans struggle with relatinships thrugh a stry abut hedgehgs. His advice was simple: keep yur distance.
This sad stry became widely discussed. Sigmund Freud and mdern scientists studied this idea. In 2015, an award-winning shrt film called Henry retld this stry.
Hw des this apply t real life? Mst peple remember being hurt by clse relatinships – brken friendships, family cnflicts, r rmantic betrayals. Since these cnnectins matter deeply, their damage hurts mre. Shuld we stp trusting thers? Schpenhauer said yes, but science wuld say therwise.
A study in PLOS Medicine reviewing 148 studies with ver 300,000 peple fund thse with strng scial cnnectins live 50% lnger. The Natinal Institute n Aging warns that lneliness harms health as much as smking 15 cigarettes daily — making Schpenhauer’s advice cncerning.
When hurt repeatedly, peple ften fall int defense mde. Relatinship expert Hilary Sanders explains cmmn defense behavirs: ging silent during arguments, seeing nrmal cmments as criticism, r verreacting t small issues. These reactins ften start in childhd. If parents ften criticized r classmates bullied smene, they might develp habits like pretending nt t care r getting angry easily. While these helped survive childhd pain, they cause prblems in adult relatinships when used uncnsciusly.
The gd news is peple can change. Thrugh therapy, many learn t recgnize their defense patterns and understand their rigins. Cuples can imprve relatinships by learning each ther’s emtinal triggers and respnding thughtfully instead f arguing. Hwever, Sanders warns that defenses shuldn’t be remved suddenly — it’s like taking dwn a wall brick by brick.
Althugh Schpenhauer fcused n the pain f clseness, the hedgehg stry actually shws ur deep need fr cnnectin. Unlike real hedgehgs, humans aren’t brn with physical spines. By carefully lwering ur defenses arund trustwrthy peple, we might truly enjy bth warmth and safety in relatinships.
12. Why des the authr mentin the hedgehg dilemma in paragraph 1?
A. T emphasize its imprtance. B. T supprt Schpenhauer’s advice.
C. T recmmend Schpenhauer’s bk. D. T intrduce the theme f relatinship.
13. What is Schpenhauer’s cre slutin t the “hedgehg dilemma”?
A. Avid clseness.B. Seek therapy.
C. Ignre pain.D. Build walls.
14. What majr evidence ges against Schpenhauer’s advice?
A. Defense behavir f peple.B. Freud’s studies.
C. Lngevity frm scial ties.D. Henry’s shrt film.
15. What des Sanders say abut clse cnnectin?
A. Cuples shuld learn t defend it thughtfully.
B. Humans can benefit frm it uncnsciusly.
C. It can help children relieve childhd pain.
D. Peple shuld make gradual prgress in it.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕德国哲学家叔本华提出的“刺猬困境” 展开，探讨了人际关系中的距离与亲密问题。
【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“The “hedgehg (刺猬) dilemma” is a famus metaphr frm German philspher Arthur Schpenhauer. In his 1851 bk, he described hw humans struggle with relatinships thrugh a stry abut hedgehgs. His advice was simple: keep yur distance.( “刺猬困境”是德国哲学家叔本华的一个著名比喻。在他1851年出版的书中，他通过一个关于刺猬的故事描述了人类如何在人际关系中挣扎。他的建议很简单：保持距离。)”可知，文章第一段提到“刺猬困境”这一著名隐喻，接着阐述其在现实生活人际关系中的体现，如亲密关系中的伤害等 。所以作者提及“刺猬困境” 是为了引出关于人际关系这一主题。故选D项。
【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“His advice was simple: keep yur distance.( 他的建议很简单：保持距离。)”可知，叔本华对于“刺猬困境”的核心解决办法是保持距离，也就是避免亲密（Avid clseness）。故选A项。
【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“His advice was simple: keep yur distance.( 他的建议很简单：保持距离。)”提到叔本华建议保持距离，以及 第四段中“A study in PLOS Medicine reviewing 148 studies with ver 300,000 peple fund thse with strng scial cnnectins live 50% lnger.( 一项在《公共科学图书馆・医学》上的研究，回顾了 148 项涉及 30 多万人的研究，发现有强大社交关系的人寿命长 50%。)”这表明社交关系对人有益，与叔本华的建议相悖。故选C项。
【15题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Hwever, Sanders warns that defenses shuldn’t be remved suddenly — it’s like taking dwn a wall brick by brick.( 然而，桑德斯警告说，防御不应该突然拆除，就像一砖一瓦地拆墙一样。)”可知，桑德斯认为人们在建立亲密关系时，不应突然去除防御，要像一砖一瓦拆除墙一样循序渐进。故选D项。
第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
One thing that mst f us will agree n is that there is a lt f “stuff” in the wrld. And with envirnmental and ecnmic cncerns n ur minds, wuldn’t it make sense if we culd share things between us a bit mre? ____16____ Sharing libraries ffer useful items t lcal peple, wh are able t brrw and return them, free f charge r fr a very lw fee.
These cllectins tend t fcus n cmmn things that we all need, but which we dn’t use cnstantly. This saves n the envirnmental impact f prducing the items by reducing the demand fr new things.
____17____ Fr families, financial barriers can mean that things like tys r cmfrtable clthing can be kncked dwn the pririties list. But these libraries create a sense f equality in the cmmunity, meaning that individuals dn’t need t g withut.
There are several ways t find ut where yur clsest sharing library is. ____18____ It maps 50 libraries acrss the UK. But if yur area isn’t listed by thse sites, dn’t give up hpe. Sme cmmunities will set up smaller, infrmal versins f these libraries — fr example, street WhatsApp grups where peple ask if anyne n the rad has the thing they’re lking t brrw, r lcal pass-it-n grups. ____19____ Attend the Netwrk’s nline wrkshps t learn mre abut sharing libraries and hw t set ne up fr themselves.
In a wrld where we’re encuraged t cntinue t cllect mre and mre stuff, sharing libraries are taking a stand fr the envirnment and fr ur persnal finances. S, next time yu find yurself in need f smething handy, cnsider lking fr a way t brrw it. ____20____
A. Still n luck?
B. If unlisted, search lcally.
C. At the cre f sharing libraries is greater access.
D. This is the fundamental idea behind sharing libraries.
E. This cncept challenges traditinal wnership mdels.
F. Start by checking the UK Sharing Libraries Netwrk website.
G. It’ll be easy n the planet, easy n yur pcket, and great fr the cmmunity.
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. F 19. A 20. G
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕共享图书馆展开，介绍了其理念、作用、查找方式等内容。
【16题详解】前文“And with envirnmental and ecnmic cncerns n ur minds, wuldn’t it make sense if we culd share things between us a bit mre?(考虑到我们对环境和经济的担忧，如果我们能更多地分享一些东西，这不是很有意义吗？)”提出“在考虑环境和经济问题的情况下，我们多共享物品是否有意义”的疑问，后文“Sharing libraries ffer useful items t lcal peple, wh are able t brrw and return them, free f charge r fr a very lw fee.(共享图书馆为当地人提供有用的资料，他们可以免费或以极低的费用借阅和归还)”紧接着介绍了共享图书馆的运作模式，即向当地人提供物品，可免费或低价借用和归还。选项D “This is the fundamental idea behind sharing libraries.(这就是共享图书馆背后的基本理念)”，“这”指代前文共享物品的想法，起到了承上启下的作用，自然地引出了后文对共享图书馆的介绍。故选D项。
【17题详解】空格处是该段的主题句。后文“Fr families, financial barriers can mean that things like tys r cmfrtable clthing can be kncked dwn the pririties list. But these libraries create a sense f equality in the cmmunity, meaning that individuals dn’t need t g withut.(对于家庭来说，经济障碍可能使玩具或舒适衣物等物品的优先级降低，但这些图书馆在社区中营造了平等感，让人们不会缺少这些东西)”强调了共享图书馆能让人们更方便地获取所需物品。选项C “At the cre f sharing libraries is greater access.(共享图书馆的核心是让人们更容易获取物品)”准确概括了后文共享图书馆促进社区平等、让人们能获取物品的核心内容。故选C项。
【18题详解】根据上文“There are several ways t find ut where yur clsest sharing library is.(有几种方法可以找到最近的共享图书馆在哪里)”推知，选项内容是关于如何查找共享图书馆，选项F “Start by checking the UK Sharing Libraries Netwrk website.(先查看英国共享图书馆网络网站)”符合语境。故选F项。
【19题详解】前文“But if yur area isn’t listed by thse sites, dn’t give up hpe. Sme cmmunities will set up smaller, infrmal versins f these libraries — fr example, street WhatsApp grups where peple ask if anyne n the rad has the thing they’re lking t brrw, r lcal pass-it-n grups.(但是，如果你所在的地区没有被这些网站列出，不要放弃希望。一些社区将建立这些图书馆的小型非正式版本——例如，街头WhatsApp群，人们可以在那里询问路上是否有人有他们想借的东西，或者当地的传递小组)”提到如果所在地区未在相关网站列出，不要放弃希望，还举例说明了一些社区有小型、非正式的共享图书馆形式。选项A “Still n luck?(还是没找到吗？)”，承接前文在网站未找到的情况，自然地引出后文“Attend the Netwrk’s nline wrkshps t learn mre abut sharing libraries and hw t set ne up fr themselves.(参加网络的在线研讨会，了解更多关于共享图书馆的知识，以及如何为自己建立一个图书馆)”学习如何自己建立共享图书馆的内容。故选A项。
【20题详解】前文“S, next time yu find yurself in need f smething handy, cnsider lking fr a way t brrw it.(所以，下次当你发现自己需要手边的东西时，考虑一下想办法借)”鼓励人们下次需要物品时考虑从共享图书馆借用。选项G “It’ll be easy n the planet, easy n yur pcket, and great fr the cmmunity.(这对地球有益，对你的钱包友好，对社区也有好处)”，全面总结了从共享图书馆借用物品的好处，与前文鼓励借用的内容相呼应。故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I always enjyed wilderness adventures in Africa. One day, I verheard (无意中听到) a cycling trail running thrugh the bush after ____21____ in Australia. I researched the trail and became ____22____ abut riding it during the summer hlidays. The trail was still new and mbile phne ____23____ alng the rute was pr.
I started at Cllie. It was very ht, and I drank water ____24____ and the first thing I did when I arrived at the first stp was ____25____ the rainwater tank. I was ____26____ t find that it had water.
The next day the trail ____27____ became difficult t find. By midday, the ____28____ had becme unbearable. I was becming increasingly ____29____ when I realized that I was quite lst. I stpped t cnsider my ____30____. The ____31____ plan was t stay vernight at a turist park, but I had n idea where I was. Tiredly, I gt up, remunted my bike. After tw hurs, I was delighted t see cycle tracks that lked ____32____. Hwever, I sn realized that they were my wn!
I had n mre water, and was sleepy. A sudden wind ____33____ me. I heard the sund f a mtr, but it disappeared. A while later I heard it again. I ____34____ myself and walked t where the sund was cming. There befre me was the dam, with bats twing water skiers and peple relaxing. My first lessn n living in Australia had been ____35____.
21. A. travelingB. hikingC. survivingD. settling
22. A. cncernedB. excitedC. determinedD. puzzled
23. A. signalB. symblC. batteryD. package
24. A. rarelyB. instantlyC. regularlyD. cautiusly
25. A. supplyB. checkC. viewD. fix
26. A. relievedB. disappintedC. frustratedD. astnished
27. A. destinatinsB. arrwsC. markersD. details
28. A. pathB. heatC. adventureD. cycling
29. A. uncertainB. uncnfidentC. uneasyD. uncmfrtable
30. A. ptinsB. strategiesC. schedulesD. pprtunities
31. A. frmalB. rganizedC. senirD. riginal
32. A. deepB. preciusC. recentD. unique
33. A. stirredB. circledC. challengedD. frightened
34. A. set upB. signed upC. dressed upD. frced up
35. A. packedB. taughtC. imprvedD. recmmended
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在澳大利亚骑行一条新路线的经历，途中遭遇炎热、迷路和缺水等状况，最终到达有水的地方，获得了在澳大利亚生活的教训。
【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我在澳大利亚定居后，无意中听说了一条穿过丛林的自行车道。A. traveling旅行；B. hiking徒步旅行；C. surviving生存；D. settling定居。根据后文“I researched the trail and became…abut riding it during the summer hlidays”以及文章最后一句中“living in Australia”可知，作者打算在澳大利亚的暑假期间骑行这条路线，说明其并非只是短暂旅行或徒步，而是已经在澳大利亚有相对稳定的生活状态，即定居。故选D。
【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我研究了这条路线，对在暑假骑行它感到兴奋。A. cncerned关心的；B. excited兴奋的；C. determined有决心的；D. puzzled困惑的。前文“I always enjyed wilderness adventures in Africa”表明作者一直喜欢荒野冒险，所以当发现澳大利亚有这样一条穿过丛林的自行车道时，会对骑行它感到兴奋。故选B。
【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这条路线还很新，沿途的手机信号很差。A. signal信号；B. symbl象征；C. battery电池；D. package包裹。根据前文“The trail was still new and mbile phne”可推知，因为路线还很新，所以沿途手机信号差。故选A。
【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：天气很热，我经常喝水，到达第一站后我做的第一件事就是查看雨水箱。A. rarely很少地；B. instantly立刻；C. regularly经常地；D. cautiusly谨慎地。根据前文“It was very ht”可知，天气炎热会使人水分流失快，所以需要经常喝水来补充水分。故选C。
【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：天气很热，我经常喝水，到达第一站后我做的第一件事就是查看雨水箱。A. supply供应；B. check检查，查看；C. view看；D. fix修理。前文提到“It was very ht”以及“I drank water”，说明天气炎热，作者对水有大量需求，所以到达第一站后首先要做的是查看雨水箱里是否有水。故选B。
【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我松了一口气，发现里面有水。A. relieved宽慰的，松了一口气的；B. disappinted失望的；C. frustrated沮丧的；D. astnished惊讶的。前文表明天气炎热且自己经常喝水，对水有迫切需求，结合后文“find that it had water”可知，当查看雨水箱发现里面有水时，缺水的担忧消除，会松一口气。故选A。
【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，路线标记变得很难找到。A. destinatins目的地；B. arrws箭头；C. markers标记；D. details细节。根据后文“I realized that I was quite lst”可知，作者迷路了，推测是因为路线标记难找，导致无法准确沿着路线骑行。故选C。
【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：到中午时，炎热变得难以忍受。A. path路径；B. heat炎热；C. adventure冒险；D. cycling骑行。根据前文“It was very ht”以及作者因为炎热经常喝水等描述，可知到中午时，炎热的程度加剧，变得让人难以忍受。故选B。
【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我意识到自己迷路时，我越来越不安。A. uncertain不确定的；B. uncnfident不自信的；C. uneasy不安的；D. uncmfrtable不舒服的。根据后文“I realized that I was quite lst”可知，在荒野中迷路，人会因为处境危险等因素而感到不安。故选C。
【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我停下来考虑我的选择。A. ptins选择；B. strategies策略；C. schedules日程安排；D. pprtunities机会。根据常识和前文“I realized that I was quite lst”可知，迷路后，需要停下来思考接下来可以采取的办法，也就是自己的选择。故选A。
【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：原来的计划是在一个旅游公园过夜，但我不知道自己在哪里。A. frmal正式的；B. rganized有组织的；C. senir高级的；D. riginal原来的。根据前文描述作者原本的行程安排以及后文“but I had n idea where I was”可知，作者现在因为迷路无法按照原本的计划在旅游公园过夜了，强调这是原来的计划。故选D。
【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两小时后，我很高兴看到看起来很新的自行车道痕迹。A. deep深的；B. precius珍贵的；C. recent最近的，新的；D. unique独特的。根据常识和前文“I was delighted t see cycle tracks”可知，发现看起来很新的自行车道痕迹意味着有其他人刚从这里经过，所以作者才会感到高兴。故选C。
【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一阵突然的风使我清醒过来。A. stirred使清醒，使激动；B. circled环绕；C. challenged挑战；D. frightened使害怕。根据前文“I had n mre water, and was sleepy”可知，作者又累又困，突然的风起到了使他清醒的作用。故选A。
【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我强迫自己站起来，朝着声音传来的方向走去。A. set up建立；B. signed up报名；C. dressed up打扮；D. frced up强迫自己起来。结合前文“I was sleepy”以及作者身处困境但仍要寻找出路，可知是强迫自己克服困倦站起来。故选D。
【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在澳大利亚生活的第一课已经传授给我了。A. packed打包；B. taught教学，教授；C. imprved提高；D. recmmended推荐。前文作者经历了炎热、迷路、缺水等一系列状况，这些经历就像一堂课一样教给了作者在澳大利亚生活的经验。故选B。
第二节 短文填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The ver-21-kilmeter half marathn curse struck a perfect balance: challenging yet dable fr runners f all levels. There were machine cmpetitrs ____36____ (cmpete) in the wrld’s first humanid rbt half marathn, held in the Beijing Ecnmic-Technlgical Develpment Area (BDA) in the sutheast f the city. ____37____ silicn racers wuld sn cmpete n the same physical rute as human runners, thugh n separate tracks.
“Think f it ____38____ a car rally (汽车拉力赛) fr rbts,” said Liang Liang, deputy directr f the BDA management cmmittee. The rules f the humanid rbt half marathn were clsely like ____39____ f a car rally, Liang nted. Teams cmbined AI autnmy with human versight, dealing with ____40____ (challenge) n machine had quite faced befre: uneven pavements, cmmunicatin drps ____41____ the unpredictability f the utdrs.
“The event ____42____ (serve) as a testing and demnstratin platfrm, but mre imprtantly, as a space fr ____43____ (develp), enthusiasts and cmpanies t exchange ideas,” Liang said.
At the Beijing E-Twn half marathn, the Tien Kung Ultra rbt develped by the Beijing Humanid Rbt Innvatin Center crssed the finish line in just 2 hurs and 40 minutes. Netix’s N2 came in secnd, while a rbt designed by Shanghai-based firm DridUp ____44____ (secure) third place.
Isn’t the rganizers’ mtt, “T cmpete is victry, t finish is glry,” ______45______ (fill) with Akhwari’s stry? Every small step these rbts tk n the marathn curse represented a giant leap fr China’s technlgical breakthrughs.
【答案】36. cmpeting 37. The 38. as 39. thse 40. challenges 41. and 42. serves 43. develpers 44. secured 45. filled
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了在北京经济技术开发区举办的世界首个类人机器人半程马拉松赛事，包括赛事路线、规则、意义以及比赛结果等。
【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在北京市东南部的北京经济技术开发区（BDA）举行的世界首个类人机器人半程马拉松中，有机器参赛者参与竞争。此处为非谓语动词作定语，cmpetitrs与cmpete为主动关系，用现在分词cmpeting。故填cmpeting。
【37题详解】考查冠词。句意：这些硅基参赛者很快将与人类参赛者在同一条实体路线上竞争，不过是在不同的赛道上。此处特指上文提到的“machine cmpetitrs”，用定冠词the，句首单词首字母大写。故填The。
【38题详解】考查介词。句意：“可以把它看作是机器人的汽车拉力赛，”北京经济技术开发区管委会副主任梁亮说。此处为固定搭配think ，意为“把……看作……”，用介词as。故填as。
【39题详解】考查代词。句意：梁指出，类人机器人半程马拉松的规则与汽车拉力赛的规则非常相似。此处作介词like的宾语，且无提示词，所以此处使用代词，结合句意，此处为同类异物特指，应用that/thse，上文rules为复数，故用代词thse。故填thse。
【40题详解】考查名词复数。句意：各团队将人工智能自主性与人类监督相结合，应对着机器以前从未遇到过的挑战：不平的人行道、通信中断以及户外环境的不可预测性。challenge为可数名词，根据后文列举的内容可知，此处应用复数形式challenges。故填challenges。
【41题详解】考查连词。句意同上。此处连接uneven pavements, cmmunicatin drps和the unpredictability f the utdrs三个并列名词短语，用连词and。故填and。
【42题详解】考查动词时态。句意：梁说：“这项赛事不仅是一个测试和展示平台，更重要的是，它是一个供开发者、爱好者和企业交流思想的空间。”此处为谓语动词，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The event是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用serves。故填serves。
【43题详解】考查名词复数。句意同上。空处应用名词作宾语，结合句意“开发者”可知，develper符合题意，可数名词，根据后文“enthusiasts and cmpanies”可知，此处应用复数形式develpers，与后文构成并列关系。故填develpers。
【44题详解】考查动词时态。句意：Netix的N2机器人获得第二名，而上海公司DridUp设计的一款机器人获得了第三名。此处为谓语动词，与上文的谓语动词“crssed”以及“came”并列，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为secured。故填secured。
【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：主办方的座右铭“参与即是胜利，完赛即是荣耀”，不正是充满了阿克瓦里的故事吗？根据固定搭配be filled with“充满”可知，用过去分词filled与isn’t构成一般现在时的被动语态的否定形式。故填filled。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，近期你班正在小组合作完成一个英语项目活动(Prject)“Tell Stries f China in English”并在班级进行分享，很多小组觉得难以开展。现在请你针对如何解决此问题在课堂上进行英语演讲，内容包括：
1. 陈述看法；2.提出建议。
注意： 1.写作词数为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Hw t Tell Stries f China in English as a Grup
Gd mrning, everyne!
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks fr yur listening!
【答案】Hw t Tell Stries f China in English as a Grup
Gd mrning, everyne! Tday I’d like t share my ideas abut ur grup prject “Tell Stries f China in English”. While Many grups encunter challenges, teamwrk can make it achievable!
In my pinin, this English prject will ffer us a gd chance t have a better understanding f ur cuntries’ traditins and cultures. As we knw, traditins and cultures cver a wide range f elements. What tps the pririty is t chse a suitable tpic fr yur prject. Besides, the prject invlves tasks varying frm researching t scripting and ding PPT as well as giving a presentatin. Each member in the grup shuld be assigned tasks accrding t their interests and talents.
Remember, creativity matters mre than perfectin! Let’s embrace ur culture and learn tgether. Thanks fr yur listening!
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I like things t balance, partly because f my name, “Ava.” When smething bthers me, I try t balance the bad with the gd. That’s why I dn’t mind being the tallest kid in third grade.
Bad: Have t stand in the back rw f my class picture.
Gd: Can reach the bks n the tp library shelf.
Bad: Everyne always pints ut hw tall I am.
Gd: Smetimes I want peple t ntice me. S it balances.
One day, a new girl, Ava Zafra, cmes t schl, and she’s the shrtest kid in third grade. Nw everyne calls me “Ava J.” and the new girl “Ava Z.” I thught if we had the same name, maybe we were alike. During art class, I paint a kitten sliding dwn a rainbw. Ava Z. paints her shes black. She shuts, “I am an alien hunter! Fear me!” We aren’t alike.
During a break, Samir yells, “Over there, Ava!” When I lk at Samir, he shakes his head. “Nt yu, Big Ava. I meant Little Ava.” Frm then n, I’m nt just Ava. I’m nt even Ava J. — I’m Big Ava. I try t think f smething gd abut being big, but I can’t remember anything gd.
The next day, Ms. Wu has a surprise. “Everyne, let’s draw t pick the speaking rles fr ur class play!” she annunces. “It’s called Clever Jack. He rescues a princess frm a giant with the help f a wd fairy.”
The fairy! Maybe I can wear my fairy cstume. I crss my fingers when she picks the name. “The fairy will be Ava Z.,” Ms. Wu says. Then, she pulls ne mre name frm the jar and lks at me. “Ava. J. will be the giant.” My heart sinks. The ugly, scary giant? My nly line is, “ARRGH!” I hate yelling! I dn’t want t be t big!
Our class rehearses (排练) until we knw every line. The day befre the play, we try n ur cstumes. When it’s my turn, Ms. Wu drps a burlap (麻布) rbe ver my head. I am an ugly, scary giant.
I run t the bathrm, s n ne will see my cry. I’m nt alne.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Little Ava is there, and she’s crying, t.
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“Ready t exchange?” asks Little Ava.
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【答案】
Little Ava is there, and she’s crying, t. “Dn’t lk at me! I lk silly.” she yells, wiping her tears. “I dn’t want t be the fairy — I want t be fierce, like the giant!” she cnfesses. Her vice trembles and I realize she is as upset as I am. “I dn’t want t be big. T bad we can’t trade.” I murmur. Befre I can cntinue, she suddenly lks up at me like an evil fairy, her eyes flashing with an idea. “Maybe we can.” I exchange a glance with her. Yes, we tw Avas culd balance! The next day, we are in the backstage. Everyne in schl is in the audience.
“Ready t exchange?” asks Little Ava. I nd eagerly, and we scramble t swap cstumes. She drwns in the giant’s rbe, but when I smear black makeup arund her eyes, she grins wickedly. “Perfect,” she whispers. “Nw I’m the mnster.” Little Ava stmps nt the stage, her tiny frame hidden under the rbe, and delivers “ARRGH” s fierce that the frnt-rw kids gasp. Meanwhile, I flat in my fairy cstume, taller than everyne but finally unafraid. After the play, Ms. Wu hlds ur hands while everyne cheers. “Big and Little Ava pwer!” I whisper t her. I’ve never felt bigger, and that’s definitely gd.