湖南省长沙市明德中学2024-2025学年高三下学期4月考试英语试题（Word版附解析）

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时量：120 分钟 满分：150 分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）略
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Duke University Marine（海洋的）Lab
Lcated n the cast f Nrth Carlina, the Duke Marine Lab ffers a unique interactive experience fr
pre-cllege participants. Students live and learn n site, with classes taught by experienced instructrs and industry
prfessinals while having access t labs, bats, and ther Marine Lab resurces. Curses will include
sustainability, cnservatin, marine bilgy and mre.
Prgram Infrmatin
Middle schl prgram High schl prgram
Minimum Age 13 15
Grades 6-8 9-11
Dates June 29-July 5 June 21-27
Prgram fee $3,720 $3,720
Duke Pre-Cllege des nt ffer transprtatin t Beaufrt, NC r t the Marine Lab. This includes t and
frm airprts, bus statins, and ther transprtatin ptins. A parent/ guardian must transprt the participant t the
Duke University Marine Lab n the arrival day.
What’s Included
All bard and ldging（宿舍）during the prgram; Classes 9 a. m.-4 p. m. each day with prfessinal, seasned
instructrs and teaching assciates; all bks and supplies; guest speakers; entrance charges and transprtatin t
turs; Cllege Cnnectins seminars（研讨会）and ther club activities; evening and weekend scial events; guided
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visits t main campus and sprting equipment.
Curses
Curse Time Lcatin Real-time Status
Marine Eclgy: A
Fine Arts Study f
Duke University
Bidiversity within 9:00AM-4:00PM Wait-list available
Marine Lab Marine Habitats Jun
29,2025-Jul 5,2025
1. Which service r activity des Duke Pre-Cllege exclude?
A. Tickets t turs. B. Meals and drms.
C. Statin pick-ups. D. Sprting facilities.
2. What d the tw prgrams have in cmmn?
A. They end in the same mnth. B. They cst abut $530 per day.
C. They accept students aged 13. D. They prvide wait-list clumns.
3. What is special abut this summer prgram?
A. It facilitates admissin t university. B. It ffers many hands-n experiences.
C. It features students’ all-rund grwth. D. It stresses the ability t survive at sea.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了杜克大学海洋实验室预科项目的相关信息。
【1 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中的“Duke Pre-Cllege des nt ffer transprtatin t Beaufrt, NC r t the Marine Lab.
This includes t and frm airprts, bus statins, and ther transprtatin ptins. (杜克预科学院不提供前往北卡
罗来纳州博福特或海军实验室的交通服务。这包括往返机场、公交车站和其他交通方式。)”可知，杜克大
学预科项目不提供前往北卡罗来纳州博福特或海洋实验室的交通服务，包括往返机场、汽车站和其他交通
方式的接送。故选 C。
2 题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格内容可知，对于中学项目，时间是 June 29-July 5，共 7 天，费用是$3,720，那么每天
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费用约为$3720÷7≈$530；对于高中项目，时间是 June 21-27，共 7 天，费用也是$3,720，每天费用约为 3720
÷7≈$530，所以两个项目的费用都大约是每天$530。故选 B。
【3 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中“Lcated n the cast f Nrth Carlina, the Duke Marine Lab ffers a unique interactive
experience fr pre-cllege participants. Students live and learn n site, with classes taught by experienced
instructrs and industry prfessinals while having access t labs, bats, and ther Marine Lab resurces. (位于北
卡罗来纳州海岸的杜克大学海洋实验室为大学预科生提供了独特的互动体验。学生在现场生活和学习，由
经验丰富的教师和行业专业人士授课，同时可以使用实验室、船只和其他海洋实验室资源。)”可知，这个
暑期项目的特别之处在于它提供了许多亲身体验的机会，学生可以在现场利用各种资源进行学习和互动。
故选 B。
B
I have t say it is rather uncmmn fr males f my age t be classical music enthusiasts. I was nt brn int a
musical family and neither f my parents learned classical music. There wasn’t much music in my hme either. S,
hw did it all start?
The stry dates back t the times when I was in kindergarten, which has classical music CDs t ffer parents.
Thinking that it wuldn’t be a bad idea t get me sme music t listen t, my parents rdered them withut any
ambitin f develping an interest in classical music r whatsever. Withut knwing wh Bach, Vivaldi and
Chpin were r what t expect, I just played the CDs ne after ne and grew increasingly fnd f them.
What tk place meanwhile was my pian studies, which again expsed me t classical music. But I have t
admit the beginner pieces sunded rather uninspired and dull t me. Thanks t YuTube, I was able t explre mre
than what my first pian teacher ffered — frm pian t rchestral music, frm Bach t Scriabin. Very ften, I
didn’t practise the pieces my teacher assigned, but the pieces I truly lved! It’s als thrugh the Internet that I
discvered ne f my pian idls later, Grigry Sklv. Later n, I became interested in nt nly the music itself,
but als cmpsers and music histry.
I still remember in a 28-day utdr prgram in Australia rganized by my high schl, we weren’t allwed t
use ur mbile phnes and there wasn’t any pian either. What I culd nly d was t repeatedly recall Chpin’s
Preludes (前奏曲) Op. 28 when walking up the hills. I felt peaceful as usual, but even happier with grwing
enthusiasm fr music.
T me, classical music explres the deepest emtins f humanity but can be s humrus as well. The magic
f it lies in its ability t cast light n aspects f human cnditins and, at the same time, t g beynd the reality.
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4. What d we knw abut the authr’s parents?
A. They knew nthing abut music. B. They had t purchase music CDs.
C. They never pushed him t lve music. D. They rarely valued his creating talent.
5. What can be inferred frm the authr’s pian studies?
A. Online resurces benefited him a lt. B. Music histry seemed mre inviting.
C. He recgnized the teacher’s advice. D. The pian classes made him sleepy.
6. Why des the authr mentin the 28-day utdr prgram?
A. T stress his eagerness t sing. B. T shw his passin fr music.
C. T cmplain abut its strict rules. D. T prve music’s rle in calming.
7. What des the authr think f classical music?
A. It fcuses n petic lyrics. B. It escapes frm the reality.
C. It gives insights int life. D. It is a peace-seeking art.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是如何成为一名古典音乐爱好者的经历以及对古典音乐的感
悟。
【4 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Thinking that it wuldn’t be a bad idea t get me sme music t listen t, my
parents rdered them withut any ambitin f develping an interest in classical music r whatsever. (我父母认
为给我买些音乐听听也不错，就订购了那些古典音乐 CD，没有任何要培养我对古典音乐产生兴趣之类的想
法。)”可知，作者的父母给作者订购古典音乐 CD 只是觉得让作者听点音乐不是坏事，并没有培养作者对
古典音乐兴趣的意图，也就是他们从未强迫作者去热爱音乐。故选 C 项。
【5 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thanks t YuTube, I was able t explre mre than what my first pian teacher
ffered — frm pian t rchestral music, frm Bach t Scriabin. Very ften, I didn’t practise the pieces my
teacher assigned, but the pieces I truly lved! It’s als thrugh the Internet that I discvered ne f my pian idls
later, Grigry Sklv.(多亏了 YuTube，我能够探索比我的第一位钢琴老师所提供的更多的音乐——从钢琴
音乐到管弦乐，从巴赫到斯克里亚宾。我经常不练习老师布置的曲子，而是练习我真正喜欢的曲子！也是
通过网络，我后来发现了我的钢琴偶像之一，格里戈里·索科洛夫。)” 可知，作者通过 YuTube 探索到
了比老师教的更多的音乐，还通过网络发现了自己的钢琴偶像，这说明在线资源使作者收益颇丰。故选 A
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项。
【6 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“I still remember in a 28-day utdr prgram in Australia rganized by my high
schl, we weren’t allwed t use ur mbile phnes and there wasn’t any pian either. What I culd nly d was
t repeatedly recall Chpin’s Preludes (前奏曲) Op. 28 when walking up the hills. I felt peaceful as usual, but even
happier with grwing enthusiasm fr music.(我还记得在我高中组织的一个为期 28 天的澳大利亚户外项目中，
我们不被允许使用手机，也没有钢琴。我唯一能做的就是在爬山的时候反复回忆肖邦的《前奏曲》作品 28
号。我像往常一样感到平静，但对音乐的热情越来越高，也让我更快乐。)”可知，即使在不能使用手机和
没有钢琴的情况下，作者仍然不断回忆古典音乐，并且对音乐的热情更高，这表明了他对音乐的热爱。故
选 B 项。
【7 题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“T me, classical music explres the deepest emtins f humanity but can be s
humrus as well. The magic f it lies in its ability t cast light n aspects f human cnditins and, at the same
time, t g beynd the reality. (对我来说，古典音乐探索了人类最深层的情感，但也可以非常幽默。它的神奇
之处在于它能够揭示人类生存状况的各个方面，同时又能超越现实。) ”可知，作者认为古典音乐能够洞察
人类的生存状况，也就是使人类对生活有深刻的见解。故选 C 项。
C
Ggle used its artificial intelligence-pwered weather frecasting tls t precisely predict flds up t a
week in advance f them happening. In a new paper published in the scientific jurnal Nature, Ggle’s researchers
describe this as an early warning system that culd be used thrughut the wrld, nt nly t predict r recgnize
natural disasters but als t buffer the wrst effects f what is ne f the mst cmmn types f natural disasters.
Flding can be difficult t accurately predict, particularly riverine flds, due t a lack f resurces and data
related t fld histry, water levels, and terrain (地形). AI use in weather frecasting is nthing new. Still, the rise
f mre pwerful prcessrs and larger data sets is allwing fr new scales f predictin, including a new Nvidia
digital Earth.
A small percentage f glbal rivers have streamflw gauges (测量仪) which can be used t warn peple if the
vlume f water flwing thrugh the river changes. When cmbined with ther pints such as the lcal terrain,
settlements near the river, weather frecasting, and histrical events n the same river, data can be used t predict
flding. Ggle researchers gathered as much glbal data as they culd access and trained new AI mdels t
analyze them. Afterwards, thse mdels culd then make predictins fr thse regins where data might be
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cnsiderably limited r even nnexistent.
The team launched a Fld Hub platfrm, which prvided access t frecasts in 20cuntries where fld
frecasting had been difficult in the past. The platfrm cllected seemingly unrelated infrmatin which was
available lcally, fed it int the AI system as a reminder, and rdered the AI t fill in the gaps and then classify data.
S far Fld Hub has been expanded t 80 cuntries in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Eurpea, and the Americas, cvering
ver 460 millin peple glbally, particularly thse in cmmunities suffering frm flding. “Where pssible, we
als prvide frecasts in Ggle Search and Ggle Maps and via Andrid warnings.” the Ggle team declared.
8. What des the underlined wrd mean in Paragraph 1?
A. Dismiss. B. Relieve. C. Perceive. D. Track.
9. Why is it hard t predict flding?
A. Relevant recrds are absent. B. Gauges are far frm precise.
C. AI is new t weather frecasting. D. Frmer studies are f little wrth.
10. What can we knw abut flding-frecasting AI mdels?
A. They are accessible t glbal data. B. They are very quick in data analysis.
C. They can ensure the reliability f data. D. They can break gegraphical limitatins.
11. What des Paragraph 4 fcus n abut Fld Hub platfrm?
A. Its designing principles. B. Its perating difficulties.
C. Its dilemma and applicatin. D. Its mechanism and ppularity.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了谷歌使用人工智能预测洪水。
8 题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In a new paper published in the scientific jurnal Nature, Ggle’s researchers
describe this as an early warning system that culd be used thrughut the wrld, nt nly t predict r recgnize
natural disasters but als t (在科学杂志《自然》上发表的一篇新论文中，谷歌的研究人员将其描述为一种可
以在全世界范围内使用的早期预警系统，不仅可以预测或识别自然灾害，还可以)”以及后文“the wrst
effects f what is ne f the mst cmmn types f natural disasters. (最常见的自然灾害之一的最严重影响。)”
可知，谷歌的这个人工智能天气预报工具是一个早期预警系统，这个可以用于世界各地，不仅能预测或识
别自然灾害，也缓解自然灾害中最常见类型之一的最严重后果。“relieve”与“buffer”意思相近，即译为
“缓解”。故选 B。
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【9 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Flding can be difficult t accurately predict, particularly riverine flds, due t a
lack f resurces and data related t fld histry, water levels, and terrain. (由于缺乏与洪水历史、水位和地形相
关的资源和数据，洪水可能难以准确预测，尤其是河流洪水。)”可知，洪水难以预测，特别是河流洪水，
是因为缺乏与洪水历史、水位和地形相关的资源和数据，所以相关记录是不足的。故选 A。
【10 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Ggle researchers gathered as much glbal data as they culd access and trained new
AI mdels t analyze them. Afterwards, thse mdels culd then make predictins fr thse regins where data
might be cnsiderably limited r even nnexistent. (谷歌的研究人员收集了尽可能多的全球数据，并训练了新的
人工智能模型来分析这些数据。然后，这些模型可以对那些数据可能相当有限甚至不存在的地区进行预测。
)”可知，AI 模型可以打破地理的界限。故选 D。
【11 题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“The team launched a Fld Hub platfrm, which prvided access t frecasts in
20cuntries where fld frecasting had been difficult in the past. The platfrm cllected seemingly unrelated
infrmatin which was available lcally, fed it int the AI system as a reminder, and rdered the AI t fill in the
gaps and then classify data. S far Fld Hub has been expanded t 80 cuntries in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Eurpea,
and the Americas, cvering ver 460 millin peple glbally, particularly thse in cmmunities suffering frm
flding. “Where pssible, we als prvide frecasts in Ggle Search and Ggle Maps and via Andrid
warnings.” the Ggle team declared. (该团队启动了一个洪水中心平台，该平台提供了过去难以预测洪水的
20 个国家的预报。该平台收集本地可用的看似不相关的信息，将其作为提醒输入人工智能系统，并命令人
工智能填补空白，然后对数据进行分类。到目前为止，洪水中心已经扩展到非洲、亚太、欧洲和美洲的 80
个国家，覆盖了全球 4.6 亿多人，特别是那些遭受洪水袭击的社区。“在可能的情况下，我们还通过谷歌搜
索和谷歌地图以及 Andrid 警告提供天气预报。”谷歌团队宣布。)”可知，该段关于 Fld Hub platfrm 的
关注点在于它的机制原理和受欢迎程度。故选 D。
D
Symblic interactinism is a scilgical perspective that examines hw individuals use symbls t
cmmunicate and create scial reality. Funded by scilgists like Gerge Herbert Mead and Charles Hrtn
Cley, the thery fcuses n micr-level interactins between individuals, emphasizing the imprtance f symbls
in these exchanges. Unlike ther scilgical perspectives that fcus n larger structures, symblic interactinism
lks at hw individual actins shape scial structures thrugh meaning-making prcesses.
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It suggests that individuals act based n the meanings they attach t bjects, peple, and situatins. These
meanings, in turn, are cnstructed and imprved thrugh scial interactins. Symbls, such as language, gestures,
and bjects, are central t this prcess, as they prvide the medium thrugh which individuals understand and
interpret the scial wrld.
A symbl, in the cntext f symblic interactinism, is anything that carries meaning beynd its literal frm. It
culd be a wrd, gesture, bject, r even a scial rle. Symbls are nt naturally meaningful; rather, their meanings
are scially cnstructed and learned thrugh interactin. Fr example, a handshake is nt just a physical act but a
symbl f greeting, agreement, r friendship in many cultures. Cmpared with saying hell, shaking hands has
mre unexpected effects.
Symbls are essential fr human cmmunicatin and interactin. They allw individuals t cnvey cmplex
ideas, emtins, and intentins in a way that is understd by thers. Language, fr instance, is a system f
symbls that allws peple t cmmunicate abstract cncepts like lve, justice, and freedm. Withut symbls,
human interactin wuld be limited t immediate, visible experiences.
One f the mst imprtant ways symbls functin in scial interactin is thrugh the cnstructin f identity.
Individuals emply symbls t express wh they are and hw they relate t the wrld arund them. The clthes ne
wears are symbls, which signal ne’s prfessin, scial status, r even persnal beliefs and preferences. Fr
example, a dctr’s white cat symblizes medical authrity, while a business suit might symblize
prfessinalism.
S have yu gt the magic f symbls?
12. What’s the functin f Paragraph 1?
A. T explain hw t relate t thers.
B. T define symblic interactinism.
C. T tell hw symblic interactinism frmed.
D. T cmpare varied scilgical perspectives.
13. What des the authr imply abut symbls?
A. They indicate hw humans feel. B. Their meanings remain the same.
C. Their frms are cined by humans. D. They strengthen what wrds cnvey.
14. What wuld happen withut symbls?
A. Csts f cmprehensin wuld rise. B. Scial justice wuld n lnger exist.
C. Human interactin wuld be ceased. D. Peple wuld becme caged birds.
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15. Which cnduct can reveal the identity f symbls’ users?
A. A rich emplyer lights a cigarette. B. Plicemen gesture t direct traffic.
C. Students paint n schl unifrms. D. A dctr raises mney fr patients.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是符号互动论的核心概念及其在社会互动中的重要作用。
【12 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Symblic interactinism is a scilgical perspective that examines hw individuals
use symbls t cmmunicate and create scial reality.(符号互动论是一种社会学视角，研究个人如何使用符号进
行交流并创造社会现实)”以及下文对符号互动论的创始人及其内容的概述可知，第一段的主要功能是对符
号互动论进行定义。故选 B 项。
【13 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Fr example, a handshake is nt just a physical act but a symbl f greeting,
agreement, r friendship in many cultures. Cmpared with saying hell, shaking hands has mre unexpected
effects.(例如，握手不仅是一个物理行为，在许多文化中它还象征着问候、协议或友谊。与说‘你好’相比，
握手有更多意想不到的效果)”可知，握手也是一个符号，比起说“你好”，握手有更多意想不到的效果，
这说明符号可以加强话语表达的效果。故选 D 项。
【14 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Withut symbls, human interactin wuld be limited t immediate, visible
experiences.(没有符号，人类互动将局限于即时的、可见的经验)”可知，没有符号会导致理解成本上升，因
为复杂的概念无法通过符号传递。故选 A 项。
【15 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Individuals emply symbls t express wh they are and hw they relate t the
wrld arund them. The clthes ne wears are symbls, which signal ne’s prfessin, scial status, r even
persnal beliefs and preferences. (个体通过符号来表达自己的身份以及他们与周围世界的关系。一个人所穿的
衣服就是一种符号，它可以传递其职业、社会地位，甚至是个人信仰和偏好。)”可知，个人使用符号来表
达他们是谁，以及他们如何与周围的世界建立联系，一个人所穿的衣服就是一种符号，可以揭示使用者的
身份和职业特征，由此可知，警察打手势指挥交通的行为能体现符号的社会功能。故选 B 项。
第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
第 9页/共 21页
It’s cmmn fr yu t pressure yur children t be smarter. ____16____ Frcing children t study may be
the easiest way fr them t learn, but nt the best way. There are several guidelines yu can fllw s that yur
children see studying as a way t acquire new things.
Yu shuld always remember yu are nt a teacher. Althugh yu need t guarantee that yur children are
cmpleting their hmewrk withut any mistakes, yu shuldn’t d the hmewrk fr them. If yu d, yur
children wn’t be able t address their wn issues and will always depend n thers fr help. ____17____
Besides, be cautius abut rewarding children fr gd grades. If yu abuse this, yur children will nly
attempt t study fr a reward. Getting bad grades, they’ll feel like a failure. Thus, it’s better t praise yur children
when they pass a test. ____18____ This way, they’ll see their mistakes as pprtunities t imprve and nt see
themselves as failures.
____19____ If yu nly spare n effrts t frce yur children t study, bth yu and they will be frustrated.
Therefre, place emphasis n devting time t ther activities that are fundamental t yur children’s develpment,
like playing sprts and watching mvies.
Sme parents hld the belief that mental disrders lead t children’s lack f interest in study. ____20____ It’s
very likely that their children are simply demtivated r disinterested. Therefre, it’s gd t take the abve tips
int accunt. As a result, yur children may find a genuine desire t study and d their wn hmewrk.
A. That’s nt necessarily the case.
B. It is teachers’ duty t crrect hmewrk mistakes.
C Yu may enrll them in varius after-class curses.
D. If nt, patiently shw them hw t d better next time.
E. Instead, ffer them guidance and tls t d self-research.
F. Vital as study is, it’s nt the nly thing kids must fcus n.
G. Even if they fail in exams, yu’d better cntrl yur temper.
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. D 19. F 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何正确引导孩子学习，避免过度施压，帮助他们找到学习的
内在动力。
【16 题详解】
上文提到“It’s cmmn fr yu t pressure yur children t be smarter.(你常常会施压让孩子变得更聪明)”，这
第 10页/共 21页
表明家长对孩子学习的期望很高，而空格后“Frcing children t study may be the easiest way fr them t learn,
but nt the best way.(强迫孩子学习可能是让他们学习的最简单方法，但并非最佳方法)”说明强迫学习的局
限性，C 选项“Yu may enrll them in varius after-class curses.(你可能会让他们参加各种课外课程)”与上
下文逻辑一致，既承接了家长对孩子学习的关注，又引出了对强迫学习方式的反思。故选 C。
【17 题详解】
根据上网呢“If yu d, yur children wn’t be able t address their wn issues and will always depend n thers
fr help.(如果你替孩子完成作业，他们将无法解决自己的问题，并总是依赖他人帮助)”推知，空格处应是
对这一现象的解决方案，E 选项“Instead, ffer them guidance and tls t d self-research.(相反，给他们提供
指导和工具，让他们自己研究)”给出了正确的做法，既避免了直接替孩子完成作业，又能培养孩子的独立
解决问题能力。故选 E。
【18 题详解】
上文提到“Thus, it’s better t praise yur children when they pass a test.(因此，当孩子通过考试时，最好表扬他
们)”，而空格后“This way, they’ll see their mistakes as pprtunities t imprve and nt see themselves as
failures.(这样，他们会将自己的错误视为改进的机会，而不是将自己视为失败者)”则强调了如何处理孩子
失败的情况，D 选项“If nt, patiently shw them hw t d better next time.(如果没有通过考试，耐心地教他
们下次如何做得更好)”与前文形成不同情况的对比，符合语境。故选 D。
【19 题详解】
此处为本段的主题句，空格后提到“If yu nly spare n effrts t frce yur children t study, bth yu and
they will be frustrated. Therefre, place emphasis n devting time t ther activities that are fundamental t yur
children’s develpment, like playing sprts and watching mvies.(如果你只是不遗余力地强迫孩子学习，你和孩
子都会感到沮丧。因此，把重点放在对孩子发展至关重要的其他活动上，比如运动和看电影)”，这表明学
习不应成为生活的唯一焦点，F 选项“Vital as study is, it’s nt the nly thing kids must fcus n.(尽管学习很重
要，但它并不是孩子唯一需要关注的事情)”与下文逻辑一致，既点明了学习的重要性，又强调了其他活动
对孩子成长的意义，概括了本段的主题，符合语境。故选 F。
【20 题详解】
上文提到“Sme parents hld the belief that mental disrders lead t children’s lack f interest in study.(一些家
长认为精神障碍导致孩子对学习缺乏兴趣)”，而空格后“It’s very likely that their children are simply
demtivated r disinterested.(很可能是他们的孩子只是缺乏动力或不感兴趣)”则否定了这种观点，A 选项
“That’s nt necessarily the case.(事实未必如此)”承上启下，既回应了上文的错误观点，又引出了后文的解
释。故选 A。
第 11页/共 21页
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I had started my academic jurney as a university instructr in Ethipia, where I fund cnsiderable
satisfactin in mentring (指导) students.
Hwever, the ____21____ pprtunities and resurces there made it difficult t pursue my wn grwth, s I
went t the United States fr my Ph. D. and pstdc. I assumed success meant ____22____ a psitin at a highly
research-related institutin.
But during my pstdc, I realized I needed t change my ____23____. I am a father f tw daughters, ne f
whm requires lng-term medical care. My mdest ____24____ and limited benefits brught me financial
instability and emtinal ____25____. Prfessinal stress bled int my hme life. In turn, the weight f my
persnal ____26____ made prfessinal setbacks mre disastrus. Trapped in this ____27____, I began t
recnsider my career path.
I applied t several psitins, and was delighted when I started t receive invitatins t interview. The campus
visits included teaching ____28____, discussins abut mentring, and an emphasis n hw I wuld ____29____
research int a student-centered envirnment. Such requirements were _____30_____ but refreshing, helping
cnfirm that I was heading in the right directin. The students’ engagement and curisity _____31_____ my
passin fr mentrship. And research didn’t disappear — perspectives n it _____32_____.
I’ve learned t redefine _____33_____ after 2 years int my current psitin. It isn’t _____34_____ abut
high-impact publicatins r grants (拨 款 ). It’s abut asking meaningful research questins, _____35_____
pprtunities fr students t grw, and maintaining a balance between prfessinal ambitins and persnal
well-being.
21. A. adequate B. cnstant C. invaluable D. rare
22. A. securing B. expecting C. creating D. analyzing
23. A. rutine B. perspective C. temper D. majr
24. A. ambitin B. persnality C. salary D. attitude
25. A. disappearance B. exhaustin C. cntrl D. reliance
26. A. weaknesses B. failures C. respnsibilities D. gains
27. A. cycle B. institutin C. mistake D. regin
28. A. reflectins B. preparatins C. summaries D. demnstratins
第 12页/共 21页
29. A. classify B. integrate C. pur D. transfrm
30. A. measurable B. cmparable C. amusing D. challenging
31. A. refueled B. redefined C. develped D. clarified
32. A. evlved B. ceased C. restred D. increased
33 A. eagerness B. happiness C. success D. prgress
34. A. randmly B. wildly C. vividly D. narrwly
35. A. leaving ut B. pening up C. lking frward t D. making up fr
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D
31. A 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是一位学者在职业发展中的心路历程，从追求科研成功到重新定
义成功的意义，并找到工作与生活平衡的过程。
【21 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，埃塞俄比亚的机会和资源很少，这使得我难以追求自己的成长，所以
我去了美国攻读博士学位和做博士后研究。A. adequate 充足的；B. cnstant 持续的；C. invaluable 无价的；
D. rare 稀少的。根据下文的“made it difficult t pursue my wn grwth”可知，机会和资源稀少。故选 D。
【22 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我原以为成功意味着在一所高度研究型机构中获得一个职位。A. securing 获得；
B. expecting 期 待 ； C. creating 创 造 ； D. analyzing 分 析 。 根 据 语 境 和 下 文 “a psitin at a highly
research-related institutin.”可知，此处介绍的是作者对成功的理解，所以此处指的是“获得”职位是作者
对成功的最初理解。故选 A。
【23 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在博士后期间，我意识到我需要改变我对职业的看法。A. rutine 日常；B.
perspective 观点，看法；C. temper 脾气；D. majr 专业。根据下文“I am a father f tw daughters, ne f whm
requires lng-term medical care.”以及“Trapped in this ____7____ , I began t recnsider my career path.”可知，
作者因为家庭状况，意识到需要改变对职业的“看法”符合语境。故选 B。
【24 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我微薄的薪水和有限的福利让我陷入财务不稳定和情感疲惫。A. ambitin 抱负；
B. persnality 性格；C. salary 薪水；D. attitude 态度。根据下文的“financial instability”可知，薪水微薄导致
第 13页/共 21页
经济问题。故选 C。
【25 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. disappearance 消失；B. exhaustin 疲惫；C. cntrl 控制；D. reliance
依赖。根据下文的“Prfessinal stress bled int my hme life”可知，作者感到身心疲惫。故选 B。
【26 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：反过来，我个人责任的重担让职业挫折更加灾难性。A. weaknesses 弱点；B. failures
失败；C. respnsibilities 责任；D. gains 收获。根据上文的“I am a father f tw daughters, ne f whm requires
lng-term medical care.”可知，作者肩负家庭责任。故选 C。
【27 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：被困在这个循环中，我开始重新考虑我的职业道路。A. cycle 循环；B. institutin
机构；C. mistake 错误；D. regin 地区。根据上文的“My mdest ____4____ and limited benefits brught me
financial instability and emtinal ____5____ . Prfessinal stress bled int my hme life. In turn, the weight f
my persnal ____6____ made prfessinal setbacks mre disastrus.”可知，职业压力和个人生活的压力相互影
响，形成了恶性“循环”符合语境。故选 A。
【28 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：校园访问包括教学演示、关于指导学生的讨论，以及如何将研究融入以学生为
中心的环境。A. reflectins 反思；B. preparatins 准备；C. summaries 总结；D. demnstratins 演示。根据上
文的“campus visits”可知，校园访问包括教学 “展示” 和关于指导的讨论，teaching demnstratins 为固定
搭配，意为“教学演示”。故选 D。
【29 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. classify 分类；B. integrate 融入；C. pur 倾倒；D. transfrm 转变。根
据上文的“I applied t several psitins, and was delighted when I started t receive invitatins t interview.”以
及下文的“int a student-centered envirnment”可知，此处介绍的是作者接受面试的要求，由此可知，此处
指的是介绍作者如何将研究需融入教学环境，是固定搭配，意为“将……融入……”。故选
B。
【30 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些要求具有挑战性但令人耳目一新，帮助我确认自己正朝着正确的方向前
进。A. measurable 可衡量的；B. cmparable 可比较的；C. amusing 有趣的；D. challenging 有挑战性的。根
据下文的“but refreshing”可知，此空与“令人耳目一新”为转折关系，所以此处指的是这些要求虽有“挑
战性”但令人耳目一新。故选 D。
第 14页/共 21页
【31 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生的参与和好奇心重新点燃了我对指导的热情。A. refueled 重新点燃；B.
redefined 重新定义；C. develped 发展；D. clarified 澄清。根据上文的“Such requirements were ____10____
but refreshing, helping cnfirm that I was heading in the right directin.”可知，这些具有挑战性但令人耳目一新
的要求帮助作者朝着正确的方向发展，结合下文的“my passin fr mentrship”可知，此处指的是学生的参
与和好奇心“重新点燃”热情，符合语境。故选 A。
【32 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究并未消失——对其看法有所演变。A. evlved 演变；B. ceased 停止；C. restred
恢复；D. increased 增加。根据上文的“I assumed success meant ____2____ a psitin at a highly research-related
institutin.”可知，作者以前认为成功意味着拥有一个与研究高度相关的职位，结合下文的“perspectives n
it”可知，此处指的是作者对研究的观点发生了变化。故选 A。
【33 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我目前职位的两年后，我学会了重新定义成功。A. eagerness 渴望；B. happiness
幸福；C. success 成功；D. prgress 进步。根据上文的“I assumed success meant ____2____ a psitin at a highly
research-related institutin.”可知，作者以前认为成功意味着拥有一个与研究高度相关的职位，结合下文“It
isn’t ____14____ abut high-impact publicatins r grants (拨款). It’s abut asking meaningful research questins,
____15____ pprtunities fr students t grw, and maintaining a balance between prfessinal ambitins and
persnal well-being.”可知，此处指的是作者重新定义了“成功”的含义。故选 C。
【34 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：成功并不仅仅狭隘的关于高影响力的出版物或拨款。A. randmly 随机地；B. wildly
疯狂地；C. vividly 生动地；D. narrwly 狭隘地。根据上文的“I’ve learned t redefine ____13____ after 2 years
int my current psitin.”可知，作者在目前的职位两年后对成功有了重新定义，结合下文的“abut
high-impact publicatins r grants (拨款).”可知，作者认为将成功定义为关于高影响力的出版物或拨款，这
应该是对成功狭隘定义。故选 D。
【35 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：它关乎提出有意义的研究问题，为学生成长创造机会，并在职业抱负与个人福
祉之间保持平衡。A. leaving ut 遗漏；B. pening up 创造；C. lking frward t 期待；D. making up fr 弥补。
根据上文的“It’s abut asking meaningful research questins”可知，成功在于提出有意义的研究问题，结合
下文的“pprtunities fr students t grw”可知，作者希望为学生创造机会。故选 B。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
第 15页/共 21页
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Michael Bck, a 62-year-ld baker frm Germany, presents the art f traditinal bread in China. His Bakery in
Beijing is neither brightly clred that seems beautiful, ____36____ is it lcated in a busy dwntwn area, but
____37____ authentic German bread baked attracts custmers frm all ver the city.
Bck’s father was a baker, but he did nt wish fr his sn t fllw in his ftsteps. “Being a baker
____38____ (mean) getting up early every day, hands in lye (碱水), carrying a 10-kg bag f flur…” Bck tld
Beijing Review.
Eager t wrk ____39____ his wn hands, Bck still chse the rad that was fretld t be hard ____40____
(reslute). At the age f 15, he became a yung bread apprentice (学徒). T becme a qualified prfessinal baker
in Germany, ne must underg ccupatinal educatin and training, with learning skills bth at schl and n the
jb ____41____ (need).
“Every week, I spent ne day studying prfessin-related ____42____(thery) knwledge. The rest f the
days, I wuld spend in a cmpany learning practical knwledge and wrk-related regulatins. After cmpleting the
crrespnding hurs f wrk and training, apprentices are required t take an examinatin ____43____ they can
becme a bakery wrker.” Bck said.
T his delight, he has nt lst ppularity due t this “____44____ (rigid)”. Instead, the bakery has attracted
many faithful Chinese custmers _____45_____ (have) a preference fr German bread. “It has made me mre
cnvinced abut my chice.” he said.
【答案】36. nr
37. the 38. means
39. with 40. reslutely
41. needed 42. theretical
43. befre 44. rigidness##rigidity
45. having
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 62 岁的德国面包师在中国呈现传统面包技艺。
【36 题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：他在北京的面包店既没有看起来很漂亮的鲜艳色彩，也不在繁华的闹市区，但正宗
的德国面包却吸引了来自北京各地的顾客。固定搭配 neither…nr…表示“既不……也不……”。故填 nr。
【37 题详解】
第 16页/共 21页
考查冠词。句意：他在北京的面包店既没有看起来很漂亮的鲜艳色彩，也不在繁华的闹市区，但正宗的德
国面包却吸引了来自北京各地的顾客。此处特指他烘焙的正宗德国面包，应用定冠词。故填 the。
【38 题详解】
考查时态、语态、主谓一致。句意：博克在接受《北京评论》采访时表示：“作为一名面包师，意味着每天
早起，双手蘸着碱水，背着 10 公斤重的面粉。”句子主语“Being a baker”是动名词短语作主语，动名词作
主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，且句子陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时。故填 means。
【39 题详解】
考查介词。句意：渴望用自己的双手去工作的博克，仍然毅然决然地选择了那条注定要艰难的道路。此处
意思是“用你自己的双手劳作；亲自动手工作”，应用介词 with。故填 with。
【40 题详解】
考查副词。句意：渴望用自己的双手去工作的博克，仍然毅然决然地选择了那条注定要艰难的道路。此处
修饰动词 chse，应用副词 reslutely“毅然地”，作状语。故填 reslutely。
【41 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在德国，要成为一名合格的专业面包师，必须接受职业教育和培训，在学校和工
作中都要学习所需的技能。此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，skills 与 need 之间是被动关系，即“技能被
需要”，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填 needed。
【42 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：每周，我花一天时间学习与专业相关的理论知识。此处修饰名词 knwledge，应用形容
词 theretical“理论的”，作定语。故填 theretical。
【43 题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：在完成相应的工作时间和培训后，学徒需要参加考试，才能成为一名面包店工
人。“学徒们需要参加考试”是在“他们能成为面包店工人”之前，应用 befre 引导时间状语从句。故填
befre。
【44 题详解】
考查名词。句意：令他高兴的是，他并没有因为这种“固执”而失去人气。此处作介词宾语，应用名词rigidness
或 rigidity“固执”。故填 rigidness 或 rigidity。
【45 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，这家面包店吸引了许多偏爱德国面包的忠实中国顾客。custmers 与 have 之
间是主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语，故填 having。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
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第一节（满分 15 分）
46. 英语课上，老师让大家四人一组探讨部分同学给其他同学起外号的现象，你将代表本组上台汇报讨论成
果，请写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1. 表达观点；
2. 陈述理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Our Team’s Views n Nicknaming Other Students
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【答案】Our Team’s Views n Nicknaming Other Students
Hell, everyne! On behalf f ur team, I’d like t share ur views n the phenmenn f sme students
giving nicknames t thers n campus.
We firmly believe that it’s inapprpriate t casually nickname classmates. First, sme nicknames might be
hurtful, even if yu dn’t d it intentinally. Secnd, thse wh are unwilling t get such nicknames can feel
embarrassed r uncmfrtable in public, leaving sme emtinal scars in their hearts. Mre imprtantly, it may
disrupt the harmnius class atmsphere, leading t cnflicts amng classmates.
In cnclusin, we shuld respect every classmate and cease giving implite nicknames. Only in this way can
we build a friendly and harmnius envirnment.
Thank yu fr yur listening!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。英语课上，老师让大家四人一组探讨部分同学给其他同学起外号的现
象，要求考生写一篇发言稿，代表本组上台汇报讨论成果。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
观点：view→pinin
不合适的：inapprpriate→imprper
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导致：lead t→result in
总之：in cnclusin→t sum up
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Mre imprtantly, it may disrupt the harmnius class atmsphere, leading t cnflicts amng classmates.
拓展句：Mre imprtantly, it may disrupt the harmnius class atmsphere, which may lead t cnflicts amng
classmates.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】We firmly believe that it’s inapprpriate t casually nickname classmates.（运用了 that
引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型 2】Secnd, thse wh are unwilling t get such nicknames can feel embarrassed r uncmfrtable in
public, leaving sme emtinal scars in their hearts.（运用了 wh 引导的定语从句和现在分词作状语）
第二节（满分 25 分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I had always thught f my neighbrhd as a peaceful and friendly place. Hwever, all that changed when
Mr. Thmpsn mved in next dr. He was a middle-aged man wh seemed t have a rather strange lifestyle.
At first, I didn’t pay much attentin t him. But ne day, I nticed that his car was always parked in a way that
blcked part f my driveway. It was really incnvenient, especially when I was in a hurry t g t wrk r pick up
my kids frm schl. I plitely asked him t be mre careful with his parking, but he just gave me a cld lk and
said he wuld d s as he was pleased. This made me get crss with him.
As time went by, mre prblems arse. Mr. Thmpsn had a big dg that barked ludly day and night. I culd
barely have a sund sleep, and my kids were als disturbed by the nise. I tried t talk t him abut the dg, but he
refused t listen. He even accused me f being t sensitive.
One evening, I came hme frm a lng-day wrk, extremely wrn ut. Just as I was abut t park my car, I
fund that Mr. Thmpsn’s car was nce again blcking my driveway. I was s frustrated that I kncked n his
dr frcefully. After seemed a lng time, the dr pened. There std Mr. Thmpsn with an indifferent lk n
his face. Wrds were exchanged, and bth f us were angry. We had a heated argument. He even slammed the dr
shut right in frnt f me. After that, we didn’t talk t each ther fr weeks. My nce prud and friendly
neighbrhd ties are gne.
One day, as I was mwing the lawn（修剪草坪）in my garden, I saw Mr. Thmpsn struggling t carry a heavy
bx alng his driveway.
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注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
It seemed that he was abut t drp it.
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As we were standing in his living rm, Mr. Thmpsn brke the ice.
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【答案】参考范文
It seemed that he was abut t drp it. I hesitated fr a mment, recalling all the unpleasant experiences I had
with him. A part f me felt that he deserved t struggle after hw rudely he had treated me. But as I watched him
wbble under the weight f the bx, his face tense with effrt, anther part f me felt guilty fr just standing there.
I had always believed in kindness, yet here I was, debating whether t help a neighbr in need. Taking a deep
breath, I set aside my pride and walked ver. “Let me help yu.” I said, reaching fr the bx. He lked at me,
surprised, but after a brief pause, he ndded silently, and tgether we carried it inside.
As we were standing in his living rm, Mr. Thmpsn brke the ice. He let ut a sigh and, in a sfter tne
than I had ever heard frm him, admitted that he hadn’t meant t be rude befre. Recvering frm surgery had left
him frustrated and shrt-tempered, and he realized nw hw incnsiderate he had been. Hearing this, my frustratin
melted away. I admitted that I had judged him t quickly. As we talked, the tensin between us faded, replaced by
a quiet understanding. Frm that day n, ur relatinship changed—we weren’t just neighbrs anymre but tw
peple willing t give each ther a secnd chance.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，作者原本认为自己的社区宁静友好，但汤普森先生搬来后打破了这份平
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静。汤普森先生停车挡住作者车道、其狗日夜吠叫，作者多次沟通无果，两人还发生激烈争吵，邻里关系
恶化。直到一天，作者看到汤普森先生搬重物吃力，故事迎来转机。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他似乎要把它掉下去了。”可知，第一段可描写作者看到汤普森先生搬重物艰难，内
心会因过往矛盾产生纠结，但善良本性可能促使他决定帮忙，从而有机会与汤普森先生近距离接触，为后
续交流和解埋下伏笔。
②由第二段首句内容“当我们站在他的客厅里时，汤普森先生打破了沉默”可知，第二段可描写进入室内
后，汤普森先生主动打破沉默，接下来应是双方进行深入交流，汤普森先生解释之前行为的原因，消除误
会，修复邻里关系。
2.续写线索：看到汤普森先生搬重物吃力，内心纠结（因过往矛盾不想帮忙，但善良本性促使帮忙）—决定
帮忙并一起将重物搬进室内—进入室内后汤普森先生打破沉默开始解释 —双方交流，汤普森先生说明之前
行为原因（如术后恢复导致情绪不佳）—作者理解并反思自己的判断—双方消除误会，邻里关系改善。
3.词汇激活
行为类：
① 犹豫：hesitate /waver
② 伸手：reach fr /stretch ut ne's hand
③ 承认：admit /acknwledge
情绪类：
① 沮丧的：frustrated /disappinted
② 惊讶的：surprised/astnished
【点睛】【高分句型 1】But as I watched him wbble under the weight f the bx, his face tense with effrt, anther
part f me felt guilty fr just standing there.（运用了 as 引导的时间状语从句 ）
【高分句型 2】He let ut a sigh and, in a sfter tne than I had ever heard frm him, admitted that he hadn't meant
t be rude befre.（运用了 that 引导的宾语从句 ）
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