北京市朝阳区2025届高三下学期4月六校联考英语试题（解析版）

这是一份北京市朝阳区2025届高三下学期4月六校联考英语试题（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分：知识运用 (共两节，共30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Dave had always lved the cean. Yu wuldn’t believe hw excited he was at Christmas when seeing a gift-wrapped surfbard.
But when he began t surf, smething scary happened. Dave thught he knew the water well, but a big wave ____1____ him away. Dave felt pwerless against the ____2____ in the deep water and lst cnfidence. Just then anther surfer paddled up beside him. “Can I help yu?” he asked. Dave ____3____ him. It was Mike. “I can help yu back t shre.” he cntinued, “First, yu need t let g f that fear and relax a little.” Dave began t relax his grip. “Gd,” said Mike. “Let the wave pick yu up, then ____4____ yur weight frward. As yu start t build up speed, mve yur ____5____ back until yu feel balanced. Just enjy the ride.”
When Dave reached the ____6____ near the shre, he was bursting with excitement, fascinated that the current which had terrified him was seen as a helpful way by Mike. He had ____7____ this. He was right t be ____8____ f the big waves, but n lnger did he feel ut f his depth. “Lks like yu dn’t need me any lnger,” said Mike. “Yu are a prfessinal. Have fun.”
Dave tk a last wave, ____9____ it cnfidently t the shre. Watching the signs f the tide and the size f the waves, he realized they hadn’t changed. It was he wh was really different—strnger and mre cnfident. The previus ____10____ self-dubt had given way t jy and exhilaratin.
1. A. putB. sweptC. gaveD. attracted
2. A. beachB. seaweedC. shreD. current
3. A. recgnizedB. challengedC. questinedD. jined
4. A. takeB. ladC. bearD. shift
5. A. weightB. fcusC. legD. hand
6. A. sandsB. shallwsC. batsD. tents
7. A. quitB. sharedC. dubtedD. grasped
8. A. cautiusB. tiredC. afraidD. sceptical
9. A. fightingB. ridingC. breakingD. beating
10. A. self-respectB. self-cnfidenceC. self-criticismD. self-dubt
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Dave 冲浪遇挫又在他人帮助下重拾信心的经历。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dave以为他很了解这片水域，但一个大浪把他卷走了。A. put放；B. swept扫，卷走；C. gave给；D. attracted吸引。根据“a big wave”和“him away”可知，是大浪把Dave冲走了，sweep away是固定短语，意为“冲走”。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dave在深水中对水流感到无能为力，失去了信心。A. beach海滩；B. seaweed海草；C. shre海岸；D. current水流。根据空后“in the deep water”以及后文“the current which had terrified him”可知，此处是说在深水中无力对抗水流。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dave认出了他。A. recgnized认出；B. challenged挑战；C. questined质疑；D. jined加入。根据后文“It was Mike.”可知，Dave认出了来人是Mike。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：让海浪把你托起，然后把你的重心向前移动。A. take拿走；B. lad装载；C. bear忍受；D. shift转移，移动。根据空后“yur weight frward”可知，冲浪时要把重心向前移动。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你开始加速时，把你的重量向后移，直到你感到平衡。A. weight重量；B. fcus焦点；C. leg腿；D. hand手。根据前文“____ yur weight frward”可知，前文提到把重心向前移动，这里说加速时要把重心向后移动来保持平衡，与前文的 weight相呼应。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Dave到达岸边的浅水区时，他异常激动，他着迷于Mike把曾经让他害怕的水流看作是一种有用的方式。A. sands沙滩；B. shallws浅水区；C. bats船；D. tents帐篷。根据后文“near the shre”可知，是到达了靠近岸边的浅水区。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他明白了这一点。A. quit放弃；B. shared分享；C. dubted怀疑；D. grasped理解，明白。根据后文“He was right t be _______ f the big waves, but n lnger did he feel ut f his depth.”可知，Dave明白了一些冲浪的技巧。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他有理由害怕大浪，但他不再觉得自己力不从心了。A. cautius谨慎的；B. tired疲惫的；C. afraid害怕的；D. sceptical怀疑的。根据前文“smething scary happened”以及“the current which had terrified him”可知，Dave之前是害怕大浪的。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dave乘上最后一个浪，自信地踏浪到岸边。A. fighting战斗；B. riding骑；C. breaking打破；D. beating打败。根据前文“Dave tk a last wave”可知，Dave乘上最后一个浪到了岸边。ride the wave 是“冲浪，乘浪”的意思。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：先前的自我怀疑已经让位于喜悦和兴奋。A. self-respect自尊；B. self-cnfidence自信；C. self-criticism自我批评；D. self-dubt自我怀疑。根据前文“but n lnger did he feel ut f his depth”可知，Dave不再觉得自己力不从心，即先前的自我怀疑已经消失了。故选D。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Enhancing self-discipline begins with intentinal habits. Setting gals ____11____ (build) cnsistency is the first step. Fr example, practicing daily rutines strengthens a sense f ____12____ (respnsible). When a persn priritizes tasks effectively, prductivity ____13____ (increase). Additinally, studying successful ____14____ (strategy) frm experts helps refine self-cntrl methds.
【答案】11. t build 12. respnsibility 13. increases 14. strategies
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了增强自律能力的方法，包括设定目标、坚持日常习惯、有效安排任务以及学习成功策略等。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：设定目标以建立一致性是第一步。句中已有谓语动词is，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意，设定目标是为了培养一致性，所以空处应用不定式形式作目的状语。故填t build。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：例如，坚持日常习惯可以增强责任感。介词f后需接名词作宾语，respnsible的名词为respnsibility“责任”，a sense f respnsibility“责任感”。故填respnsibility。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态。句意当一个人有效地对任务进行优先排序时，生产率就会提高。空处作句子的谓语，根据语境可知，句子描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语prductivity是不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填increases。
【14题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：此外，向专家学习成功的策略有助于完善自我控制方法。strategy为可数名词，此处表示研究专家们的多种成功策略，应用名词复数形式。故填strategies。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In a quiet twn, there std an ld square that held generatins’ memries. The square, ____15____ lcals nce celebrated festivals and shared stries, gradually wre ut. Last year, the twn gvernment decided t restre it. After careful renvatin, the square ____16____(transfrm) int a vibrant public area. When ____17____(interview) abut the renewed space, a lifelng resident said, “It’s bth familiar and new—like ur twn’s spirit rebrn.” Nw, it buzzes with laughter, markets, and cmmunity events.
【答案】15. where 16. was transfrmed 17. interviewed
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了旧广场被翻新后重焕生机的故事。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这个广场，当地人曾经在这里庆祝节日和分享故事，逐渐破败了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The square，指物，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
【16题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：经过精心翻新后，这个广场变成了一个充满活力的公共区域。空处为句子的谓语动词。句子陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语the square和transfrm为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was transfrmed。
【17题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及这个焕然一新的空间时，一位老居民说：“它既熟悉又新颖——就像我们小镇的精神重生了。”当when引导的时间状语从句和主句的主语一致，且含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。本句从句的完整结构为“when he was interviewed”，省略后剩下过去分词的形式。故填interviewed。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Dr. Emma Carter, a researcher in educatinal psychlgy, cnsistently ges ____18____ cnventinal research bundaries. ____19____ (specialize) in adlescent mtivatin, she has designed innvative prgrams t supprt students’ emtinal resilience. Her latest prject explres ____20____ schls and families can cllabrate t nurture teenagers’ self-regulatin skills, earning recgnitin frm bth academic and educatinal circles.
【答案】18. beynd 19. Specializing 20. hw
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文记叙文。文章主要讲述了教育心理学研究员艾玛・卡特博士的研究工作。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：教育心理学研究者艾玛・卡特博士不断突破传统的研究界限。g beynd表示“超出，突破”为固定短语，符合语境。故填beynd。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她专攻青少年动机研究，设计了创新项目来支持学生的情绪恢复能力。句中已有谓语动词has designed，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，she和specialize为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Specializing。
【20题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她的最新项目探索了学校和家庭如何合作培养青少年的自我调节能力，获得了学术界和教育界的认可。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，表示“探索学校和家庭如何合作”，需用连接副词hw引导该从句。故填hw。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节; 共38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
A
Carlw is a charming twn lcated in the sutheastern regin f Ireland. It is ften referred t as a hidden gem due t its rich histry, beautiful landscapes, and friendly cmmunity. Whether yu are a histry lver, a nature enthusiast, r smene lking fr a relaxing getaway, Carlw has smething t ffer everyne.
Histrical Attractins
Carlw basts a wealth f histrical sites that date back thusands f years. The Carlw Castle, built in the 13th century, is ne f the mst icnic landmarks in the twn. Althugh nly the ruins remain, the castle still stands as a testament t the twn’s medieval past. Anther must-see site is the Carlw Gal, a frmer prisn that has been cnverted int a museum. Visitrs can explre the cells and learn abut the lives f the prisners wh were nce held there.
Natural Beauty
Nature lvers will be delighted by the stunning landscapes that surrund Carlw. The twn is nestled in the beautiful River Barrw valley, making it an ideal destinatin fr walking, cycling, and fishing. The Carlw Walking Festival, held annually in May, ffers a variety f guided walks that shwcase the best f the twn’s natural beauty. Fr thse wh prefer a mre relaxing experience, a bat trip alng the River Barrw is highly recmmended.
Cultural Events
Carlw is als knwn fr its vibrant cultural scene. The twn hsts a number f festivals and events thrughut the year, including the Carlw Arts Festival in June and the Carlw Fd Festival in September. These events attract visitrs frm all ver Ireland and beynd, ffering a unique pprtunity t experience the twn’s rich cultural heritage.
Accmmdatin and Dining
When it cmes t accmmdatin, Carlw ffers a range f ptins t suit every budget. Frm czy bed and breakfasts t luxurius htels, yu are sure t find a place that meets yur needs. The twn is als hme t a variety f restaurants and cafes, where yu can enjy delicius lcal and internatinal cuisine. Be sure t try the famus Carlw apples, which are used in many f the twn’s dishes.
Getting There
Carlw is easily accessible by bth rad and rail. It is lcated just a shrt drive frm Dublin, making it an ideal day trip destinatin. The twn als has a train statin with regular services t Dublin and ther majr cities in Ireland.
Fr Mre Infrmatin
Fr mre infrmatin abut Carlw and its attractins, visit the fficial turism website at Yu can als cntact the Carlw Turist Infrmatin Centre at+353(0)59 913 0100.
21. Which f the fllwing best describes the purpse f the Carlw Gal?
A. It serves as a histrical prisn still in use.
B. It is a museum shwcasing the histry f Carlw.
C. It is a cultural center fr hsting festivals and events.
D. It is a site t explre frmer prisners’ lives thrugh cell turs.
22. What can be learned abut Carlw frm the passage?
A. Carlw is lcated far frm majr cities in Ireland.
B. Carlw has a well-develped transprtatin system.
C. Carlw is primarily knwn fr its histrical significance.
D. Carlw is a ppular destinatin fr internatinal turists.
23. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T intrduce the histry f Carlw.
B. T describe the natural beauty f Carlw.
C. T prmte Carlw as a turist destinatin.
D. T prvide infrmatin n cultural events in Carlw.
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了爱尔兰东南部小镇Carlw的旅游资源和特色。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Histrical Attractins部分中“Anther must-see site is the Carlw Gal, a frmer prisn that has been cnverted int a museum. Visitrs can explre the cells and learn abut the lives f the prisners wh were nce held there.(另一个必看景点是Carlw Gal，这是一座已被改造成博物馆的前监狱。游客可以参观牢房，了解曾经被关押在那里的囚犯的生活)”可知，Carlw Gal是一个通过牢房游览来探索前囚犯生活的遗址。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Getting There部分中“Carlw is easily accessible by bth rad and rail. It is lcated just a shrt drive frm Dublin, making it an ideal day trip destinatin. The twn als has a train statin with regular services t Dublin and ther majr cities in Ireland.(Carlw通过公路和铁路都很容易到达。它距离都柏林只有很短的车程，是理想的一日游目的地。该镇还有一个火车站，有定期开往都柏林和爱尔兰其他主要城市的服务)”可知，Carlw拥有发达的交通系统。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Carlw is a charming twn lcated in the sutheastern regin f Ireland. It is ften referred t as a hidden gem due t its rich histry, beautiful landscapes, and friendly cmmunity. Whether yu are a histry lver, a nature enthusiast, r smene lking fr a relaxing getaway, Carlw has smething t ffer everyne.(Carlw是爱尔兰东南部一个迷人的小镇。因其丰富的历史、美丽的风景和友好的社区，它常被称为一颗隐藏的宝石。无论你是历史爱好者、自然爱好者，还是寻找放松之旅的人，Carlw都能为每个人提供一些东西。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了Carlw的历史遗迹、自然美景、文化活动、住宿餐饮和交通方式，旨在推广Carlw作为一个旅游目的地。故选C。
B
The image f that staircase never left my mind. It had been frty years since I graduated high schl, but the staircase haunted my memries.
Bys wuld sit n bth sides f the staircase, rating the girls as we walked by. If they thught a girl was really ugly, they barked. Every time I walked up r dwn thse stairs, the barks, wfs, and laughter rang in my ears.
“Just ignre them,” my mther advised. And I did. On the surface. But inside the painful message that I was ugly rted deep int my sul.
Eventually, I graduated, gt accepted t cllege n the West Cast, and left small-twn Clrad behind me. I earned a degree in Cmmunicatins, launched a rewarding career as a writer and teacher, gt married, and raised tw amazing bys. But when I lked in the mirrr, the dubts returned.
Then I gt an invitatin t my frtieth high schl reunin. I didn’t like high schl, but I wanted t g back and tell thse bys ff. I wanted t tell them hw hurtful and unkind they were. And I wanted t shw them they were wrng. I had a husband, a family and all the things they’d made me feel I wasn’t wrthy f.
I practiced my speech in my mind as I ran errands (差事), cked dinner, and exercised at senir aerbics. In September, I drve dwn t the twn where I’d spent my high schl years. I put n my favrite bluse, tuched up my make-up, and steeled myself fr the Friday night pening receptin.
Maybe it’s true that memry is the first thing t g. On the night, peple greeted me plitely, drinks in hand, flattering me with “Yu haven’t changed at all.” I’d lk at the face and study the nametag with the graduatin pht, but it didn’t ring a bell mst f the time.
Had I cmpletely erased that whle perid f my life frm my memry? Was I at the wrng reunin? N, sme wmen remembered my mther being their Girl Scut leader. Others had kind things t say abut my father, a lcal cllege prfessr. My planned speech wilted (枯萎) n my lips. Instead, I chatted breezily abut my tw grwn sns, living in Seattle, and writing résumés fr Being wrkers. Peple were nice enugh, but aside frm a cuple f friends, I felt like I was talking t strangers.
It was pintless t hld a grudge (怨恨) against peple I culdn’t even recgnize. I was nly hurting myself by replaying thse memries in my mind. I knew I needed t frgive. A dark srrw lifted frm my sul. I felt happier, mre self-cnfident and attractive.
Back hme, ur senir fitness instructr nticed that I was wearing a new T-shirt. “Yu are really rckin’ that shirt,” she said.
I smiled. She’d said that befre, but this time I believed it.
24. Why did the authr decide t attend the 40th high schl reunin?
A. T meet her ld teachers.
B. T prve her career success.
C. T aplgize fr past misunderstandings.
D. T cnfrnt hurtful bys and shw her wrth.
25. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. The authr fught against her bullies directly.
B. The reunin attendees were mstly strangers.
C. The authr’s career success healed her trauma.
D. The instructr’s cmpliment was first genuinely embraced.
26. What can be inferred abut the authr’s feelings after the high schl reunin?
A. Cnfused and sad.B. Angry and prud.
C. Relieved and cnfident.D. Disappinted and regretful.
27. Which is the best title fr the passage?
A. The Pwer f Letting GB. A Surprising Reunin Letter
C. Finding Friends in StrangersD. The Painful High Schl Years
【答案】24. D 25. D 26. C 27. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者参加高中同学会，通过释怀过去的伤痛，重获快乐和自信的故事。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Then I gt an invitatin t my frtieth high schl reunin. I didn’t like high schl, but I wanted t g back and tell thse bys ff. I wanted t tell them hw hurtful and unkind they were. And I wanted t shw them they were wrng. I had a husband, a family and all the things they’d made me feel I wasn’t wrthy f. (然后我收到了我第四十次高中同学会的邀请。我不喜欢高中，但我想回去告诉那些男孩。我想告诉他们他们有多伤人、多不友善。我想让他们知道他们错了。我有一个丈夫，一个家庭，还有所有那些他们让我觉得我不配拥有的东西)”可知，作者决定参加40周年高中同学会是为了对抗那些伤害过她的男孩，并向他们展示她的价值。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Back hme, ur senir fitness instructr nticed that I was wearing a new T-shirt. “Yu are really rckin’ that shirt,” she said.(回家后，我们的高级健身教练注意到我穿了一件新T恤。“你这件T恤穿得太棒了，”她说。我笑了。她以前也这么说过，但这次我相信了)”可知，健身教练的赞美第一次被作者真正接受。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“It was pintless t hld a grudge (怨恨) against peple I culdn’t even recgnize. I was nly hurting myself by replaying thse memries in my mind. I knew I needed t frgive. A dark srrw lifted frm my sul. I felt happier, mre self-cnfident and attractive. (对那些我甚至都认不出来的人怀恨在心是毫无意义的。我只是在脑海中重复那些回忆来伤害自己。我知道我需要原谅。一种深深的悲伤从我的灵魂中消散。我感到更快乐，更自信，更有吸引力)”可知，作者在同学会后感到如释重负和自信。故选C。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是倒数第三段“I knew I needed t frgive. A dark srrw lifted frm my sul. I felt happier, mre self-cnfident and attractive. (我知道我需要原谅。一种深深的悲伤从我的灵魂中消散。我感到更快乐，更自信，更有吸引力)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者通过原谅过去伤害过她的人，释放了内心的痛苦，变得更加快乐和自信。因此，最好的标题是“释怀的力量”。故选A。
C
Give a grup f scientists the same data and the same research questin, and they shuld cme up with similar answers — in thery. But they dn’t, accrding t a paper published last mnth in BMC Bilgy, which finds that 246 eclgists analyzing the same data sets reached widely varying cnclusins, with sme finding effects in ttally ppsite directins.
The paper is the latest in a line f “many analyst” prjects that examine hw results can vary because f scientists’ decisins during data analysis — and the first t study the effects in eclgy. Past wrk has mstly fcused n psychlgy and ther behaviral sciences. “I was really excited t see this study. I have nticed an unfrtunate hubris self-cnfidence in ther dmains that say, well, we have ur huse in better rder.” says University f Bern metascientist Ian Hussey.
Ellit Guld, a Ph.D. student at the University f Melburne, was skeptical that eclgy has its huse in better rder. Eclgists deal with cmplex systems that cntain a huge amunt f natural variability and have t make many decisins abut what kind f statistical analyses t run. T find ut hw much thse decisins affect the results, Guld recruited 246 eclgists, wrking in 174 teams, t answer tw different research questins, each based n a single data set.
The first questin asked hw the grwth f blue tit chicks is influenced by cmpetitin with siblings in the nest. The analysis teams came up with a wide range f answers: Five fund n relatinship between brd size and chick size, five fund mixed results, and 64 fund that chicks grew mre slwly if they had mre siblings, but with different levels f certainty and effect sizes. The secnd questin is whether the amunt f grass cver affected the success and survival f the Eucalyptus seedlings. The teams wh analyzed this data set did nt agree at all: Eighteen cncluded that mre grass cver hampered Eucalyptus survival, six said it imprved survival, and 31 fund the grass had n effect.
The findings match up with the results f previus many-analyst studies and shw the pwerful rle f subjective researcher chices in scientific prjects. In sme cases, there is established best practice t guide analysts — but ther chices are mre arbitrary. Guld says researchers have t decide which variables t cntrl fr and hw t deal with missing data, adding that thse different chices can kind f multiply.
It’s impssible t knw whether the prblem affects an entire field frm just ne r tw examples, says Eötvös Lránd University metascientist Balazs Aczel. T find ut, he is running a prject t have multiple analysts each tackle a questin frm 100 randmly chsen scial science papers. But similar findings have ppped up in a range f fields — including neurscience and ecnmics — and suggest “we are facing a very serius issue,” he says. But nt all researchers think the findings are s alarming.
28. What des Ian Hussey really mean by his wrds in Paragraph 2?
A. The huses in the University f Bern are in better rder.
B. The scientists’ decisins in the fields f eclgy are in better rder.
C. The studies in eclgy have the same effects as thse in behaviral sciences.
D. The research n psychlgy and behaviral sciences are unfrtunate hubris.
29. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Researchers’ individual chices in scientific studies matter a lt.
B. Guld thinks the effects f researchers’ different chices are limited.
C. The “many analyst” prjects can help eclgists make gd cnclusins.
D. The grwth f blue tit chicks is slwer when having mre siblings in the nest
30. What will the authr mst prbably write after the last paragraph f the article?
A. T present the findings f the prject that Balazs Aczel is running.
B. T explain why the results f “many-analyst” studies are nt very severe.
C. T intrduce the serius effects due t subjective researcher chices.
D. T inspire the researchers in the entire field t tackle the analysis prblem.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学研究中由于科学家的主观选择导致数据分析结果差异巨大的现象，并通过具体案例展示了这种现象在生态学研究中的影响。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The paper is the latest in a line f “many analyst” prjects that examine hw results can vary because f scientists’ decisins during data analysis — and the first t study the effects in eclgy. Past wrk has mstly fcused n psychlgy and ther behaviral sciences. I was really excited t see this study. I have nticed an unfrtunate hubris self-cnfidence in ther dmains that say, well, we have ur huse in better rder. (这篇论文是一系列“许多分析师”项目中最新的一篇，这些项目研究了科学家在数据分析过程中的决定如何导致结果的变化，也是第一篇研究生态影响的论文。过去的工作主要集中在心理学和其他行为科学上。我真的很高兴看到这项研究。我注意到在其他领域有一种不幸的傲慢自信，他们说，嗯，我们的领域秩序更好)”可知，看到研究生态学影响的论文后，Ian Hussey注意到心理学和行为科学研究存在一种不幸的傲慢自信，而生态学领域中，科学家的决策秩序更好。故选B项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“The findings match up with the results f previus many-analyst studies and shw the pwerful rle f subjective researcher chices in scientific prjects. (这些发现与之前许多分析师研究的结果相匹配，表明了研究人员在科学项目中的主观选择起着重要作用)”可知，研究人员在科学研究中的个人选择很重要。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“But similar findings have ppped up in a range f fields — including neurscience and ecnmics — and suggest “we are facing a very serius issue,” he says. But nt all researchers think the findings are s alarming. (但他说，类似的发现出现在一系列领域，包括神经科学和经济学，并表明“我们正面临一个非常严重的问题”。但并非所有研究人员都认为这些发现如此令人担忧)”可知，接下来作者可能会承接上文，解释为什么许多分析师研究的结果并不是非常严重。故选B。
D
The artificial intelligence (AI) sectr has scillated between enthusiasm and skepticism in recent years. Tech giants including Alphabet, Amazn, and Micrsft cllectively pured nearly 200 billin int AI infrastructure in 2024 alne, surpassing the GDP f natins like Hungary r New Zealand. Nvidia, dminating the AI-chip market, witnessed its valuatin skyrcket t 3.4 trillin as chip sales dubled — a grwth rate three times faster than the semicnductr industry average. Meanwhile, server prviders like Dell reprted unprecedented demand, with AI server shipments jumping 78% year-n-year, signaling AI’s transfrmative ptential acrss industries frm drug discvery t autnmus driving.
Yet beneath the surface, challenges lm. Training advanced AI mdels cnsumes staggering energy — equivalent t pwering 15 millin US husehlds annually — raising cncerns abut lng-term viability (可持续性). In regins like Ireland, data centers already cnsume 18% f natinal electricity, straining aging pwer grids. Server manufacturers and energy firms struggle t meet data-center demands, with delivery delays fr AI-ptimized servers extending t 48 weeks in 2024. Critics argue that current investments mirrr past tech bubbles: the $200 billin AI infrastructure spending represents 65% f the 1999 dt-cm bubble’s peak investment adjusted fr inflatin. Alan Smith, a tech analyst, defends the spending, “AI’s capacity t revlutinize healthcare—such as cutting cancer drug develpment time frm 10 years t 18 mnths — justifies shrt-term csts.” Hwever, ppnents cunter that prfit-driven crpratins priritize market dminance ver ethical cnsideratins, citing Meta’s 2023 AI ethics bard disbandment as evidence.
Amid these munting pressures, cmpetitin is ging t further cmplicates the landscape f AI develpment. Upstart (新兴的) firms like UK-based Graphcre and China’s Cambricn challenge industry leaders by creating cmpact, energy-efficient AI tls. Fr instance, startups nw ffer specialized chips such as Graphcre’s IPU (Intelligence Prcessing Unit) at 40% lwer csts than Nvidia’s prducts, demcratizing access t AI technlgy. This fragmentatin mirrrs the 1980s PC market shakeup, where IBM’s dminance was erded by agile cmpetitrs. Investrs, initially infatuated with AI’s prmise, grw wary f ver-cmmitment. A recent McKinsey survey revealed 62% f sharehlders believe AI firms must clarify their financial strategies within tw years, a demand intensified by OpenAI’s $540 millin quarterly lsses despite ChatGPT’s success.
In additin, the envirnmental effects make it increasingly urgent t tackle this challenge head-n. Data centers accunt fr 3% f glbal electricity use — a figure matching aviatin’s carbn ftprint — prjected t triple by 2030. The Internatinal Energy Agency warns that unregulated AI grwth culd increase glbal CO₂ emissins by 1.5% annually, undermining climate gals. While cmpanies like Micrsft invest in renewable energy, cnstructing slar farms t pwer Arizna data centers, critics demand stricter regulatins. The EU’s prpsed Artificial Intelligence Act nw includes prvisins requiring energy transparency fr AI systems. Dr. Emily Zhu, a sustainability researcher at Tsinghua University, warns, “Unless accmpanied by rbust regulatry measures, AI’s eclgical envirnment risks ffsetting its technlgical advancements, as exemplified by China’s carbn tax initiative targeting data centers — a plicy framewrk t balance industrial prgress with envirnmental management.”
As the AI sectr grapples with escalating energy cnsumptin, ethical cntrversies, and speculative investment patterns, the AI industry stands at a crssrads. Its ptential t reshape ecnmies is undeniable — PwC estimates AI culd cntribute $15.7 trillin t glbal GDP by 2030—but unchecked grwth risks eclgical harm and market instability. The 2024 glbal AI Gvernance Summit highlighted the need fr internatinal standards, yet cnsensus remains elusive. But, the path frward requires bth technlgical breakthrughs and a shift in pririties — making carbn-neutral data centers and transparent AI gvernance essential, nt ptinal.
31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence f AI spending, the authr is ______.
A. supprtiveB. dubtful
C. criticalD. uncncerned
32. What des the wrd “infatuated” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Shcked.B. Prtected.
C. Attracted.D. Challenged.
33. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. AI’s envirnmental csts may reduce its benefits withut plicy interventin.
B. Renewable energy investments can reslve sustainability issues cmpletely.
C. Stricter regulatins shuld priritize eclgical prtectin ver market instability.
D. Tech cmpanies’ ethical cnsideratins are sufficient t address energy demands.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. AI Investment: Balancing Shrt-Term Csts and Lng-Term Viability
B. Data Centers’ Energy Use: The Hidden Crisis Behind AI Develpment
C. When Innvatin Breeds Chas: Why AI Develpment Must Slw Dwn
D. Artificial Intelligence: Navigating Transfrmatin Amid Emerging Challenges
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能发展面临的挑战与前景。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Alan Smith, a tech analyst, defends the spending, “AI’s capacity t revlutinize healthcare — such as cutting cancer drug develpment time frm 10 years t 18 mnths — justifies shrt-term csts.” Hwever, ppnents cunter that prfit-driven crpratins priritize market dminance ver ethical cnsideratins, citing Meta’s 2023 AI ethics bard disbandment as evidence.(科技分析师Alan Smith为这笔支出辩护说：“人工智能有能力革新医疗保健领域，比如将癌症药物的开发时间从10年缩短到18个月，这就证明了短期成本的合理性。”然而，反对者利润驱动的公司将市场主导地位置于道德考虑之上，并引用Meta 2023年人工智能道德委员会的解散作为证据)”可知，作者先引用了Alan Smith为AI支出辩护的观点，紧接着用“Hwever”转折，引出反对者的观点。由此推知，作者对Alan Smith为AI支出辩护的态度是怀疑的。故选B。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中划线词后“grw wary f ver-cmmitment(变得非常警惕过度承诺)”可知，说明投资者开始对AI的态度发生了变化，故划线处指投资者最初被AI的潜力所吸引，infatuated与A项Attracted“吸引”词义相近。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The Internatinal Energy Agency warns that unregulated AI grwth culd increase glbal CO₂ emissins by 1.5% annually, undermining climate gals(国际能源机构警告说，不受监管的人工智能增长可能会使全球二氧化碳排放量每年增加1.5%，破坏气候目标)”及“Dr. Emily Zhu, a sustainability researcher at Tsinghua University, warns, “Unless accmpanied by rbust regulatry measures, AI’s eclgical envirnment risks ffsetting its technlgical advancements, as exemplified by China’s carbn tax initiative targeting data centers — a plicy framewrk t balance industrial prgress with envirnmental management.”(清华大学的可持续发展研究员周博士警告说，“除非伴随着强有力的监管措施，AI的生态环境风险会抵消其技术进步，正如中国针对数据中心的碳税举措所示——这是一个平衡工业进步与环境管理的政策框架”)”可推知，如果没有政策干预，人工智能的环境成本可能会降低其效益。故选A。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能在发展过程中面临的挑战，如能源消耗、伦理争议、投机投资模式等，同时也提到了人工智能的潜力和前景。由此可知，D选项“人工智能：在新兴挑战中寻求转型”最能概括文章的主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have yu ever wndered why sme jkes make yu burst int uncntrllable laughter while thers barely elicit (引出) a smile? The answer lies in the intricate dance between cgnitive and emtinal prcesses that ccurs when we encunter humr.
Let’s start with the cgnitive side f things. ____35____ We’re nt just passively receiving infrmatin; we’re actively prcessing it, making cnnectins, and trying t make sense f what we’re experiencing.
____36____ The emtinal side f humr is equally imprtant and ften intertwined with ur cgnitive prcesses. When we find smething funny, we experience a range f psitive emtins—jy, amusement, surprise, and smetimes even a tuch f mischievus delight. These emtinal respnses are what make humr such a pwerful frce in ur lives.
Interestingly, the relatinship between cgnitin and emtin in humr isn’t always straightfrward. Smetimes, we might understand a jke n a cgnitive level but nt find it particularly amusing. Other times, we might laugh at smething withut fully understanding why it’s funny. ____37____
Our cgnitive and emtinal respnses t humr aren’t static. ____38____ A jke that had yu rlling n the flr as a teenager might elicit nthing mre than a gran in yur adult years. Cnversely, yu might find yurself chuckling (轻声笑) at a subtle bit f wrdplay that wuld have gne right ver yur head in yur yunger days.
The cgnitive and emtinal prcesses invlved in humr might seem trivial. ____39____ But when we cnsider hw pervasive humr is in ur daily lives, it becmes clear that understanding these prcesses can have far-reaching implicatins fr ur well-being and scial interactins.
A. After all, it’s just a laugh, right?
B. But cgnitin is nly half the stry.
C. They can change ver time as we grw, learn, and experience new things.
D. Our brains start t lk fr patterns and make predictins when we hear a jke.
E. Individual differences play a significant rle in humr perceptin and appreciatin.
F. This cmplexity is part f what makes humr such a rich area f study fr psychlgists.
G. When we hear a jke r see smething funny, ur brains shift int high-speed wrking mde.
【答案】35. G 36. B 37. F 38. C 39. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了幽默引发不同反应的原因，涉及认知与情感过程，二者关系复杂且会变化，理解其有重要意义。
【35题详解】
上文“Let’s start with the cgnitive side f things. (让我们从认知方面开始说起)”说明要阐述认知方面的内容，下文“We’re nt just passively receiving infrmatin; we’re actively prcessing it, making cnnectins, and trying t make sense f what we’re experiencing. (我们不只是被动地接收信息；我们积极地处理信息，建立联系，并试图理解我们所经历的事情)”进一步说明我们对信息的处理方式，G选项中ur brains shift int high-speed wrking mde与下文actively prcessing it相呼应，G选项“当我们听到一个笑话或看到有趣的事情时，我们的大脑会进入高速工作模式”具体说明了听到笑话时大脑的工作状态，符合语境。故选G。
【36题详解】
上文“We’re nt just passively receiving infrmatin; we’re actively prcessing it, making cnnectins, and trying t make sense f what we’re experiencing. (我们不只是被动地接收信息；我们积极地处理信息，建立联系，并试图理解我们所经历的事情)”主要讲了认知方面的内容，下文“The emtinal side f humr is equally imprtant and ften intertwined with ur cgnitive prcesses. (幽默的情感方面同样重要，并且常常与我们的认知过程交织在一起)”开始阐述情感方面的内容，B 选项“但认知只是故事的一半”起到了承上启下的作用，既承接上文的认知方面，又引出下文的情感方面，说明还有另一半关于情感的内容。故选B。
【37题详解】
上文“Interestingly, the relatinship between cgnitin and emtin in humr isn’t always straightfrward. Smetimes, we might understand a jke n a cgnitive level but nt find it particularly amusing. Other times, we might laugh at smething withut fully understanding why it’s funny. (有趣的是，幽默中认知和情感之间的关系并不总是直截了当的。有时，我们可能在认知层面上理解一个笑话，但并不觉得特别有趣。其他时候，我们可能会在不完全理解为什么好笑的情况下发笑)”描述了认知和情感在幽默中的复杂关系。F 选项中This cmplexity指代上文提到的认知和情感关系的复杂性，F 选项“这种复杂性是幽默成为心理学家丰富研究领域的一部分原因”进一步说明了这种复杂性对研究幽默的意义，符合题意。故选F。
【38题详解】
上文“Our cgnitive and emtinal respnses t humr aren’t static. (我们对幽默的认知和情感反应不是静态的)”表明反应是会变化的，下文“A jke that had yu rlling n the flr as a teenager might elicit nthing mre than a gran in yur adult years. Cnversely, yu might find yurself chuckling (轻声笑) at a subtle bit f wrdplay that wuld have gne right ver yur head in yur yunger days. (一个在你青少年时期能让你笑得在地上打滚的笑话，在你成年后可能只会引发一声叹息。相反，你可能会发现自己在对一个微妙的文字游戏轻声发笑，而在你年轻时，这个文字游戏可能会让你完全摸不着头脑)”通过举例说明了随着年龄变化对笑话的反应不同。C选项“随着我们成长、学习和经历新事物，它们会随着时间而改变”中They指代上文的Our cgnitive and emtinal respnses，change ver time与下文的例子相呼应，符合语境。故选C。
【39题详解】
上文“The cgnitive and emtinal prcesses invlved in humr might seem trivial. (幽默中涉及的认知和情感过程可能看起来微不足道)”提到这些过程看似不重要，下文“But when we cnsider hw pervasive humr is in ur daily lives, it becmes clear that understanding these prcesses can have far-reaching implicatins fr ur well-being and scial interactins. (但当我们考虑到幽默在我们日常生活中是多么普遍时，就会明白理解这些过程对我们的幸福和社会互动有着深远的影响)”与上文形成转折，说明实际上理解这些过程很重要。A 选项“毕竟，这只是一笑而过，对吧？”表达了一种对幽默的轻视态度，与上文seem trivial相呼应，也能引出下文的转折，符合题意。故选A。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
It happens just abut every time I g t a restaurant with my daughter. I pen the menu and scan the ptins. Then I glance at the children’s menu. Often the menu is pretty similar, with the same pasta and tmat sauce. But the items n the children’s menu are usually less expensive, and I’ll think t myself: Ww, gd deal.
If I think again fr a mment, thugh, the deal isn’t really a deal. After all, I estimated the cst f the pasta based n the adult menu, nt n the actual cst f making sme cheap bw-tie ndles and serving them simply with a red sauce.
My faulty reasning is the prduct f anchring, a cgnitive bias (认知偏差) that can weaken ur critical thinking. Accrding t researchers, anchring is when peple rely n irrelevant but easily accessible facts t make judgments. Our minds give t much weight t initial impressins r numbers that influence ur subsequent thughts. In my case, the prices n the adult menu shaped r anchred my judgment abut the value f the items n the children’s menu.
Anchring is everywhere in the retailing wrld. It’s a way t make custmers feel like they’re getting a gd deal. Peple tend t lve big stres that ffer huge “discunts” ff highly inflated (膨胀的) “riginal” prices that have little t d with the item’s actual value. Studies shw that anchring effects persist n matter hw weak the cnnectin between the anchr and the actual decisin. They als indicate that anchring affects all kinds f decisins, even thse made by experts wh shuld knw better.
The phenmenn f anchring shws that while we think f urselves as ratinal and lgical beings, unrelated details can have an incredible influence n ur reasning. We must make sure that we find effective slutins r we might be a victim f anchring, dragged dwn by ur bias, whether we ntice it r nt.
40. Accrding t researchers, what is anchring?
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41. Hw d retailers take advantage f anchring?
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42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶ Anchring effects can have a big influence n ur reasning, but if the cnnectin between the anchr and the actual decisin is weak, the effects will be gne.
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43. Hw can we avid becming a victim f anchring?(In abut 40 wrds)
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【答案】40. Accrding t researchers, anchring is when peple rely n irrelevant but easily accessible facts t make judgments.
41. Retailers take advantage f anchring by ffering huge “discunts” ff highly inflated “riginal” prices that have little t d with the item’s actual value, making custmers feel like they’re getting a gd deal.
42. Anchring effects can have a big influence n ur reasning, but if the cnnectin between the anchr and the actual decisin is weak, the effects will be gne.
Because studies shw that anchring effects persist n matter hw weak the cnnectin between the anchr and the actual decisin.
43. We shuld be aware f the anchring bias, nt rely slely n initial infrmatin, and make decisins based n bjective facts.
第二节(共20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim所在学校正在征集关于培养“数字素养”(digital literacy)的做法，他想投稿，发来邮件寻求你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1．你的建议；
2．就以上建议给出理由。
注意：1．字数100字左右，字迹工整；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总字数。
Dear Jim,
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Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
I’m glad t hear frm yu and ffer my suggestins n develping digital literacy.
First, take nline curses related t digital skills. In the digital age, such curses can prvide systematic knwledge and help yu keep up with the latest trends. Secnd, actively participate in digital prjects r cmpetitins, which can enhance yur practical ability and prblem-slving skills in a digital envirnment. Mrever, jin digital cmmunities. Cmmunicating with like-minded peple there can braden yur hrizns and expse yu t diverse ideas.
I hpe these suggestins will be helpful t yu. Lking frward t yur gd news.
Best regards,
Yurs,
Li Hua