2025年中考英语专题复习：动词的时态详解讲义（含练习题及答案）

这是一份2025年中考英语专题复习：动词的时态详解讲义（含练习题及答案），共19页。试卷主要包含了时态概述，八大时态详解，时态比较与辨析，中考常见考点，学习建议，综合运用题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、时态概述
动词时态是英语语法中最核心的内容之一，它表示动作发生的时间和状态。中考英语主要考查8种基本时态，掌握这些时态的用法和区别对于正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
二、八大时态详解
1. 一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense)
基本结构：
肯定句：主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数加s/es）
否定句：主语 + d/des nt + 动词原形
疑问句：D/Des + 主语 + 动词原形？
核心用法：
①. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作，常与ften, usually, always, every day等时间状语连用
She gets up at 6:30 every mrning.
They dn't g t schl n Sundays.
② 表示客观真理、科学事实或自然现象
The earth mves arund the sun.
Water bils at 100 degrees Celsius.
③. 表示现在的状态或特征
He speaks English very well.
This bk belngs t me.
特殊注意：
第三人称单数动词变化规则：
一般直接加s
以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾加es
辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es
助动词d/des的使用要特别注意
2. 一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense)
基本结构：
肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式
否定句：主语 + did nt + 动词原形
疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？
核心用法：
①. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态
I visited my grandparents last weekend.
He didn't cme t schl yesterday.
②. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作
When I was a child, I ften played ftball after schl.
特殊注意：
规则动词过去式变化：
一般直接加ed
以e结尾加d
辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加ed
重读闭音节双写末尾辅音字母加ed
必须熟记常见不规则动词的变化形式
常与yesterday, last week, in 2010, ag等时间状语连用
3. 一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense)
基本结构：
肯定句：主语 + will/shall + 动词原形
否定句：主语 + will nt/shall nt + 动词原形
疑问句：Will/Shall + 主语 + 动词原形？
核心用法：
①. 表示将来发生的动作或状态
We will have a meeting tmrrw.
She wn't be late fr the party.
②. 表示将来的意愿或打算
I will help yu with yur English.
其他表达方式：
①. be ging t结构：
表示计划或打算
They are ging t build a new hspital here.
表示有迹象表明要发生的事情
Lk at the cluds! It's ging t rain.
②. 现在进行时表将来（用于表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作）
We are leaving fr Shanghai next Mnday.
③. 一般现在时表将来（用于时刻表、日程表等固定安排）
The train arrives at 8:00 tmrrw mrning.
④. 现在进行时 (Present Cntinuus Tense)
基本结构：
肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词
否定句：主语 + am/is/are nt + 现在分词
疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词？
核心用法：
①. 表示现在正在进行的动作
The students are listening t the teacher carefully.
What are yu ding nw?
②. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定在进行）
He is writing a nvel these days.
③. 表示将来的安排（已确定的计划）
We are flying t Paris next Friday.
特殊注意：
现在分词的变化规则：
一般直接加ing
以不发音e结尾去e加ing
重读闭音节双写末尾辅音字母加ing
以ie结尾变ie为y加ing
某些表示状态、情感或感官的动词通常不用于进行时，如knw, like, lve, see, hear等
5. 过去进行时 (Past Cntinuus Tense)
基本结构：
肯定句：主语 + was/were + 现在分词
否定句：主语 + was/were nt + 现在分词
疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词？
核心用法：
①. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
At 8 'clck last night, I was ding my hmewrk.
What were yu ding when the teacher came in?
②. 表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作
They were building the bridge all last winter.
③. 用于描述背景（常与一般过去时连用）
While I was reading, the phne rang.
特殊注意：
常与at that time, at 8 yesterday, this time yesterday, when, while等时间状语连用
注意when和while的区别：when后接短暂性动词，while后接延续性动词
6. 现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
基本结构：
肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词
否定句：主语 + have/has nt + 过去分词
疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？
核心用法：
①. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I have lst my keys. (现在没有钥匙)
She has already finished her wrk. (工作已完成)
②. 表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态
We have knwn each ther fr ten years.
He has lived here since 2010.
特殊注意：
常与already, yet, ever, never, just, befre, recently等副词连用
与fr+时间段或since+时间点连用
注意延续性动词与瞬间动词的区别：
延续性动词：wrk, live, study等
瞬间动词：buy, die, jin等（不能与fr+时间段连用）
7. 过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense)
基本结构：
肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词
否定句：主语 + had nt + 过去分词
疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词？
核心用法：
①. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作（即过去的过去）
When we arrived at the statin, the train had left.
By the end f last year, they had built three new schls.
②. 表示从过去某一时间开始持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态
He had wrked in the cmpany fr five years befre he mved t New Yrk.
特殊注意：
常与by the time, befre, after, when等连用
在宾语从句中，主句是过去时，从句要用过去完成时表示比主句更早的动作
用于虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反的情况
8. 过去将来时 (Past Future Tense)
基本结构：
肯定句：主语 + wuld + 动词原形
否定句：主语 + wuld nt + 动词原形
疑问句：Wuld + 主语 + 动词原形？
核心用法：
1. 表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或状态
He said he wuld cme back the next day.
I thught it wuld rain sn.
2. 用于宾语从句中，主句为过去时，从句表示将来的动作
She tld me she wuld visit her grandparents.
其他表达方式：
1. was/were ging t + 动词原形
They were ging t have a picnic but it rained.
2. was/were abut t + 动词原形（表示即将发生的动作）
The meeting was abut t begin when the pwer went ut.
三、时态比较与辨析
1. 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作，与现在无关
现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响或结果
比较：
I saw the film yesterday.（只说明昨天看了电影）
I have seen the film.（说明现在知道电影内容）
2. 一般将来时与be ging t的区别
will表示单纯的将来或临时决定
be ging t表示计划或打算，或有迹象表明要发生的事情
比较：
I'll answer the phne.（临时决定）
I'm ging t study abrad next year.（已有计划）
3. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时强调动作正在进行
一般过去时表示动作已完成
比较：
I was reading a bk at 8 last night.（8点时正在读）
I read a bk last night.（昨晚读了本书）
四、中考常见考点
1. 根据时间状语选择正确时态
2. 在复合句中判断主从句时态一致性
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别运用
4. 过去完成时在时间状语从句中的使用
5. 进行时态与always等连用表示感情色彩
6. 瞬间动词在完成时中的使用限制
7. 时态在被动语态中的正确转换
五、学习建议
1. 熟记各种时态的基本结构和常用时间状语
2. 掌握常见不规则动词的变化形式
3. 多做时态对比练习，理解不同时态的区别
4. 通过阅读和听力培养时态语感
5. 在写作中有意识地运用各种时态
6. 注意中英文时态表达方式的差异

练习题：
一、时态识别选择题
选择最合适的时态填空：
1. Lk! The bys ______ basketball n the playgrund.
A. play
B. are playing
C. played
D. will play
2. By the time we gt t the cinema, the mvie ______.
A. starts
B. has started
C. had started
D. will start
3. I ______ my hmewrk when my friend called me yesterday.
A. d
B. am ding
C. was ding
D. have dne
4. She ______ in this city since 2015.
A. lives
B. lived
C. has lived
D. is living
5. The train ______ at 8:00 tmrrw mrning.
A. leaves
B. will leave
C. is leaving
D. has left
二、动词形式填空题
用括号内动词的正确形式填空：
1. My mther usually ______ (get) up at 6 'clck.
2. They ______ (watch) TV when I visited them last night.
3. I ______ (nt finish) reading the bk yet.
4. By next mnth, we ______ (learn) English fr three years.
5. He said he ______ (call) me as sn as he arrived.
三、时态转换题
按要求改写句子：
1. She des her hmewrk every evening. (改为现在进行时)
2. We have lived here fr ten years. (改为一般过去时)
3. They were playing ftball at 4 pm yesterday. (改为否定句)
4. Tm will visit his grandparents next weekend. (改为过去将来时)
5. The students have cleaned the classrm. (改为一般疑问句)
四、错误识别改错题
找出每句中的时态错误并改正：
1. I am knwing the answer t this questin.
2. They have gne t Beijing last week.
3. She will calls yu when she gets hme.
4. While I read a bk, the phne rang.
5. By 2020, he wrks in this cmpany fr five years.
五、时态对比选择题
选择最合适的时态组合：
1. When I ______ (get) hme yesterday, my mther ______ (ck) dinner.
A. gt; cked
B. gt; was cking
C. was getting; cked
D. was getting; was cking
2. He ______ (live) in Shanghai fr tw years befre he ______ (mve) t Beijing.
A. lived; mved
B. has lived; mved
C. had lived; mved
D. was living; mved
3. By the time yu ______ (arrive) at the statin, the train ______ (leave).
A. arrive; will leave
B. arrived; had left
C. arrive; leaves
D. will arrive; leaves
4. Lk at thse dark cluds. It ______ (rain). We'd better ______ (g) hme nw.
A. rains; g
B. is raining; g
C. is ging t rain; g
D. will rain; t g
5. She ______ (tell) me she ______ (visit) Japan the next mnth.
A. tells; will visit
B. tld; wuld visit
C. has tld; visited
D. was telling; wuld visit
六、综合运用题
根据上下文用适当时态填空：
1. Yesterday while I (walk) ______ t schl, I (meet) ______ my ld friend.
2. S far, we (learn) ______ ver 2,000 English wrds.
3. Dn't call him nw. He (have) ______ a meeting.
4. By the end f last term, we (finish) ______ reading three English nvels.
5. The teacher said the earth (g) ______ arund the sun.
答案：
一、时态识别选择题
1. B (现在进行时)
2. C (过去完成时)
3. C (过去进行时)
4. C (现在完成时)
5. A (一般现在时表将来)
二、动词形式填空题
1. gets
2. were watching
3. haven't finished
4. will have learned
5. wuld call
三、时态转换题
1. She is ding her hmewrk nw.
2. We lived here ten years ag.
3. They weren't playing ftball at 4 pm yesterday.
4. Tm said he wuld visit his grandparents the next weekend.
5. Have the students cleaned the classrm?
四、错误识别改错题
1. am knwing → knw (状态动词不用进行时)
2. have gne → went (有具体过去时间)
3. calls → call (will后接动词原形)
4. read → was reading (while后接进行时)
5. wrks → had wrked (by+过去时间用过去完成时)
五、时态对比选择题
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. B
六、综合运用题
1. was walking; met
2. have learned
3. is having
4. had finished
5. ges