2023届湖南省长沙市长郡中学高三下学期一模英语试题 附答案

这是一份2023届湖南省长沙市长郡中学高三下学期一模英语试题 附答案，共26页。试卷主要包含了 15等内容，欢迎下载使用。

注意事项：
1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节, 满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.
答案是C。
1. What will the wman d after the class?
A. See a teacher. B. Talk with classmates. C. G t the beach.
2. Where are the speakers?
A. At a cnference rm. B. On the plane. C. On the train.
3. Which turist spt des the wman highly recmmend?
A. The Great Wall. B. The Frbidden City. C. The Summer Palace.
4. What des the man tell Anne t d?
A. Meet Mr. Smith. B. Leave at 9 ＇clck. C. Pstpne his appintment.
5. Hw much will the man receive frm his father?
A. 400 yuan. B. 600 yuan. C. 800 yuan.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟；听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. What did the speakers plan t d?
A. Paint the wall. B. See a film. C. Visit their classmate.
7. Why did the man break his prmise?
A. He was busy ding husewrk.
B. He frgt the phne number.
C. He went t the cinema.
听第7段材料, 回答第8至10题。
8. What des the wman want t knw abut the swimming pl?
A. Its charge. B. Its length. C. The water temperature.
9. Hw deep is the swimming pl?
A. 2 meters at mst. B. 1. 4 meters at mst. C. 1. 5 meters at least.
10. What will the wman d next?
A. Find a swimming trainer.
B. Rest at the edge f the pl.
C. Jump int the pl.
听第8段材料, 回答第11至13题。
11. What des the man say abut being a salesman?
A. He didn't enjy it. B. He wasn't gd at it. C. He was satisfied with it.
12. What's the man like accrding t the cnversatin?
A. Warm-hearted. B. Outging. C. Careful.
13. Which city will the man wrk in?
A. Paris. B. Chicag. C. Ls Angeles.
听第9段材料, 回答第14至17题。
14. Hw many bks des the man want t brrw this time?
A. Tw. B. Three. C. Six.
15. Why is the man unable t brrw any bks?
A. He has an verdue bk.
B. He has used up his quta（限额）.
C. He has lst the library card.
16. What des the wman suggest the man d?
A. Call his friend. B. Cpy what he needs. C. Ask a reader fr help.
17. What des the man think f the wman's suggestin?
A. Great. B. Cnfusing. C. Unhelpful.
听第10段材料, 回答第18至20题。
18. What did Miltn d?
A. He caught a thief.
B. He went t a theme park.
C. He traveled ver 3, 000 miles.
19. What happened n Mnday?
A. Sme cars were stlen.
B. An interview was cnducted.
C. The Jhnsn family mved t New Yrk.
20. What will viewers see next?
A. An interview. B. A cmmercial reprt. C. An advertisement.
第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
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21. What is New Malden Airprt Transfers prbably?
A. A taxi prducer. B. A small start-up.
C. A transfer statin. D. A taxi cmpany.
22. Which is the feature f the New Malden taxi service?
A. It charges the lwest price.
B. It can nly be bked nline.
C. It is available arund the clck.
D. It can be enjyed all ver Lndn.
23. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T advertise the New Malden taxi service.
B. T shw the benefits f New Malden taxis.
C. T attract visitrs t tur arund New Malden.
D. T stress the necessity f airprt transfer service.
B
In 1999, Jhn Smyth, a high-schl teacher decided it was time t retire. Tgether with his wife Helen, he set ff n a jurney arund Australia. But when they returned, Jhn fund he missed the classrm, s he spent anther eight years ding casual teaching.
Then he heard abut a prgram knwn as Vlunteers fr Islated Students' Educatin （VISE）, which pairs up energetic peple with educatinal experience, usually retired teachers, with children whse schling is largely dne remtely, because they live t far away frm twns and cities t attend regular schls. Jhn grew up in the cuntry and as a kid in the bush, he always dreamed f running with circus, but he didn't even have much chance t see the circus in persn. Therefre he was immediately interested in the prgram and gt a travelling pst as a teacher with Stardust Circus.
The lessn timetable was built arund the kids perfrmance schedules. "The eight-year-ld I tutred was an awesme gymnast wh was part f the teeterbard （跷跷板）act, ”he explains. “A big guy wuld jump n the ther side, he wuld swing up in the air, d a cuple f twirls（旋转） and land n his uncle＇s shulders. . . and his uncle was standing n the by＇s father's shulders!” The circus still includes sme animal acts, including lins, mnkeys, hrses, gats and pigs. Jhn and his wife Helen fund it extrardinary enugh t sink int sleep t the sund f lins raring, but ne day the lin-trainer, Matt, gave him a very special privilege, inviting him in t meet fur 13-mnth-ld lins in persn. While it was understandably a little scary at first, fr Jhn it was a never-t-be-frgtten experience, which helped him realize his byhd dream in his 75th year.
24. Why did Jhn Smyth stay in the Stardust Circus?
A. T run the circus.
B. T live far frm twns.
C. T educate the children.
D. T cnduct a prgram.
25. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Teachers f the VISE prgram live t far away.
B. Children in the circus are taught at fixed time.
C. Jhn instructed the gymnast's perfrmance f swinging in the air.
D. The cuple enjyed sleeping with the sund f lins raring.
26. Which wrd best describes Jhn's experience f meeting the little lins?
A. Scary. B. Upsetting. C. Bring. D. Memrable.
27. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Wrking fr a Living
B. Returning t Schl
C. Running with the Circus
D. Travelling with Animals
C
Recently, mre than 1, 000 researchers and executives signed an pen letter calling fr a pause in research n artificial intelligence. The letter warns that AI may threaten jbs, spread prpaganda（宣传）, and even lead t the “lss f cntrl f ur civilizatin＂.
Many f the signatries（签署者）are thughtful and experienced AI practitiners. Their cncerns shuld be taken seriusly. On balance, thugh, their apprach is likely t evlve int an ppsitin t prgress.
Cnsider the brader wrldview expressed in this dcument. It said, “Pwerful AI systems shuld be develped nly nce we are cnfident that their effects will be psitive and risks manageable. ” This is a frmula fr cmplete stp, as n ne can ever be s cnfident. The histry f innvatin is ne f trial and errr, risk and reward. One reasn why the US leads the wrld in digital technlgy is that it did nt cnstrain the industry with well-meaning but dubtful regulatin. Slwing AI prgress, mrever, carries risks all its wn. Dn't frget that this technlgy is likely t make the wrld richer, healthier, smarter and mre prductive fr decades t cme. By 2030, it might be cntributing mre than $15 trillin t the glbal ecnmy. Advances in medicine, bilgy, climate science, educatin, manufacturing, transprtatin and much mre are n the hrizn. Any new rules must be balanced against the vast ptential f these effrts.
Nr is AI research advancing int a vid（空白领域）. The industry already perates within legal parameters（范畴） in respnse t ptential harms. Cmpanies have ensured their prducts are safe. Trade assciatins are develping cdes f cnduct and ethical framewrks. Far frm the “ut-f-cntrl race”, the AI business is cnstrained by law and plitics and cnsumer sentiment.
It's natural t wrry abut new technlgies. But the wealth and abundance f American sciety is due in n small part t risks taken in the past, in a spirit f penness and ptimism. The AI revlutin deserves n less.
28. Why did the researchers and executives sign the pen letter?
A. Because the research n AI had been paused.
B. Because AI had uncntrllably destryed human civilizatin.
C. Because they were wrried abut the ptential risks f AI.
D. Because they were mre experienced than thers in AI field.
29. Why is the US mentined in paragraph 3?
A. T supprt that innvatin cmes frm taking risks.
B. T stress that the US is very imprtant in the digital field.
C. T draw attentin t the benefits f well-meaning regulatins.
D. T reveal thse peple's real purpse f signing the letter.
30. What can we infer frm this passage?
A. AI technlgy cnsumes mre mney than it can earn.
B. Sciety will hugely benefit frm AI technlgy in the future.
C. The AI industry is nw develping withut any restrictins.
D. The develpment f AI technlgy is just a sl effrt.
31. What's the writer's attitude twards AI revlutin?
A. Dubtful. B. Supprtive. C. Neutral. D. Indifferent.
D
Pisn frgs acrss Central and Suth America display sme f the brightest clrs in the animal kingdm. The way such creatures evlved t be just clrful enugh t signal their txic （有毒的）defense-but nt s clrful that they becme vulnerable t predatrs（捕食者）-has lng been a grey area fr scientists. Initially, predatrs wuld nt have knwn that bright clrs signal txicity, and therefre wuld have eaten, and then becme ill-these easily-sptted few members f a species with the clrful mutatin（突变）. In thery, this shuld make it virtually impssible fr the apsematic （防护色的）pineers t pass n their genes t their ffspring, allwing fr the mutatin t take hld in the ppulatin.
T get t the bttm f this dilemma, Karl Leffler Henry, a researcher at Carletn University launched the new study. Leffler Henry's team pred ver data frm the family trees f 1, 100 species f frgs, newts and salamanders, and categrized them int ne f five grups. On ne end f range are the creatures with bright blues, yellws and reds. On the ther are species that blend in perfectly with their surrundings. Between these ples, the scientists place species with camuflaged（伪装的）tps and clrful bttms in varius degrees. These tend t display their dramatic halves nly when trying t defend themselves frm predatrs.
The team used nine different cmputer mdels t test the ptential evlutinary rutes the species in the bright apsematic grup might have taken t evlve this way. In the end, the researchers realized that they all kind f fllwed a similar pattern, evlving frm species in the middle f that range, thse whse clrs are hidden unless in danger.
There have als been ther theries prpsed, but this new thery presents a mechanism that is likely t play a rle in the evlutin f anti-predatr defense in varius prey grups and a wide range f different predatrs. Pssibly, it might inspire the explratin f evlutin f warning clratin in ther animal grups as well.
32. What remained unclear t scientists in the past?
A. Hw the prper shades f the clrs are evlved.
B. Hw these creatures signal their txic defence.
C. Which clrs are better at scaring predatrs away.
D. Which creatures are at higher risk f being eaten.
33. What d the underlined wrds “this dilemma” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The predatrs clearly knew abut the txicity but still feed n them.
B. The first clrful members have bright clrs but can avid predatrs.
C. The first clrful members were eaten but the mutatin was passed n.
D. The predatrs became seriusly ill but their ppulatin cntinued t bm.
34. What d we knw abut the new study?
A. The clrs f all thse species were either bright r grey.
B. The apsematic grup evlved by fllwing nine rutes.
C. The researchers bserved these different species in the wild.
D. The rigin f the evlutin turned ut t be the hidden clrs.
35. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. Other theries f the evlutin.
B. Other animals' evlutin rutes.
C. The drawbacks f the study.
D. The significance f the study.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have yu ever had a staring cntest? It can be difficult t keep yur eyes pen fr lng perids f time because f the natural tendency t blink. But why d we need t blink?
There are tw main reasns. First, blinking clears away dust frm the eyes. 36 It might be under the eyelid r smething that blew in.
Secnd, blinking lubricates（润滑）the eye-balls. The eyes need a smth surface fr light t prperly fcus n, s visin becmes clear. Blinking releases a tear film-which mstly cnsists f water , il and mucus-t keep the surface f the eyeball smth. 37 The tear film als supplies xygen t the eye. The film als helps prevent the eye frm becming infected.
Blinking happens naturally. It takes the average persn 400 millisecnds t blink. Mst peple blink smewhere between 10 and 20 times per minute, usually arund 15 r 16 times. 38
Fr example, yu may blink mre frequently if there's smething in yur eye. Certain cnditins can make it feel like there's smething in yur eye, which makes yu blink mre.
Sme peple have habitual invluntary mvements that lead them t blink frequently. 39 If yu have uncrrected visin prblems, yu may blink mre ften because yur eyes are naturally trying t crrect the unclear visin.
If there is damage t the facial nerve, which is respnsible fr clsing the eyelid, a persn may blink mre slwly r less ften. Tiredness and sme medicatins can cause a similar effect. 40 Fr example, when reading, peple tend t blink at the end f a sentence rather than in the middle.
A. It als prevents the eye frm drying ut.
B. If there's a freign bdy, it helps get rid f it.
C. And stress and anxiety can make yu blink mre, t.
D. Blinking mre ften than needed can give brain extra stress.
E. Pink eye and ther types f infectin can als cause damage n eyes.
F. Hwever, there are sme circumstances that make peple blink mre r less ften.
G. Fcusing n smething like watching a mvie, yu may blink less t strengthen yur fcus.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节, 满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
This year, hundreds f peple arund the wrld are applying fr a desired jb t run Prt Lckry, the wrld's mst remte pst ffice. The 41 is in Antarctica, and ne f the key 42 is the ability t cunt penguins（企鹅）.
Each year, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust 43 fur pstmen t live n the island frm Nvember t March. Apart frm being a nearly 80-year-ld British-wned pst ffice, it 44 as a museum. Althugh emplyees each have unique 45 , they are cperatively respnsible fr preserving the 46 place and caring fr the thusands f turists. The staff is als 47 envirnmental data cllectin and wildlife mnitring.
Applicants are warned there's nt much time fr relaxatin and rest. Still, the jb is highly 48. The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds f applicatins 49 fr the psitin. They are mainly 50 t Prt Lckry, bth fr its histry and its scientific significance. Lucy Drman succeeded in applying fr the 2019-2020 seasn. It was a real 51 fr her. "Even thugh the jb can be hard at times, there's a real sense f cmmunity. Yu've gt t 52 , because yu can't get away frm each ther very easily. I really lve that srt f _53_, "she said. “And what yu can achieve here is _54. The ttal experience ffers bth a different 55 twards the wrld and a new viewpint n yur functin n the planet. ”
41.A. centreB. psitinC. aimD. unit
42.A. requirementsB. characteristicsC. virtuesD. activities
43.A. persuadesB. instructsC. encuragesD. hires
44.A. existsB. transfrmsC. dublesD. develps
45.A. tastesB. talentsC. rlesD. backgrunds
46.A. tempraryB. histricC. grandD. magical
47.A. in favr fB. in need fC. in pssessin fD. in charge f
48.A. paidB. sught-afterC. hard-wnD. respectable
49.A. annuallyB. weeklyC. mnthlyD. daily
50.A. invitedB. devtedC. relatedD. drawn
51.A. jyB. lessnC. effrtD. shck
52.A. get alngB. shw ffC. break thrughD. give in
53.A. lnelinessB. eagernessC. lsenessD. tgetherness
54.A. cnsistentB. rewardingC. ptentialD. pure
55.A. entranceB. answerC. attitudeD. intrductin
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is famus nt nly fr its natinal treasure, the giant pandas, but als fr their staple fd-bamb. It grws 56 （large） in suth Changjiang River, and 57 （cnsider） as a material fr arts and crafts and a symbl f integrity, it has enriched the traditinal Chinese culture.
Thrughut the centuries, bamb has inspired the imaginatin f artists, while men f letters have written petry 58 （express） their admiratin fr the 59 （pure） and elegance f bamb. They 60 （cmpare） the qualities f bamb 61 thse f man, and Su Dngp credited his literary inspiratin t bamb. Bamb was als 62 favrite subject f nted Chinese painters f past dynasties.
Zheng Banqia, a celebrated Qing dynasty painter, devted his whle life t painting bamb. In his later years, he painted The Bamb and Stne, 63 there are n bright clrs and nly simple lines are shwn. With all 64 （necessary） details remved, the elegance, beauty and strength f bamb 65 （see） mst effectively n paper.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华, 你所在社区计划举行中国传统文化节, 并准备在英文网站上邀请外国游客参加。请你给社区写一封邮件申请做文化节志愿者, 内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 个人优势；
3. 希望获准。
注意：
写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Sir r Madam,
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I started karate（空手道）class a few years ag, I didn＇t knw a single persn. I felt ashamed f having n idea hw t d any f the mves. Even thugh I liked the learning part, I did nt like the feeling-wrse-than-everyne part!
But ne day after class while I was putting my shes n, a girl named Abigail said, “That last kick we practiced is s hard fr me, and yu're s gd at it. ”
“Yu must have cnfused me with smene else, ” I replied. “I'm nt gd at any f it. ”
“In that case, I'm in truble, ” she jked, “because yu're the ne I stand behind and cpy in class. ”
I laughed, “Seriusly?”
"Seriusly!” she laughed, t. After that, we became great friends. Hwever, a few mnths later when Abigail's mm gt a jb in a different state and she had t mve away, I was rather sad. I had a tugh time dragging myself t karate fr a while after that I missed Abigail s much.
Then, a girl named Ava jined my class. She was always quiet. Until ne day we finally had a cnversatin.
“It must be weird（怪异的）being the new ne in class. ” I said.
“S weird！” said Ava. “Yu d things really differently than we did at my ld dj（柔 道馆）. ”
I suddenly realized she'd been silent nly because she was new. We started talking mre, and we gt alng s well that we started hanging ut after class. Then, almst a year later, guess wh shwed up at karate.
“This is s cl. " I said, giving Abigail a huge hug. “What are yu ding here?”
“My mm's jb in New Yrk didn't wrk ut, ” she explained. “S we gt t mve back. ”
“That's the best news ever!” I said. “Yu have t meet my dear friend Ava. And Ava, meet my dear friend Abigail. ”
I put my arms arund their shulders. Feeling very excited, I tld them I hped we culd get alng well and be clse friends, while Abigail and Ava stared at each ther with sme hesitatin and an uncertain smile.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150词左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Things seemed all right at first.
One day, I simply culd nt take it anymre.
长郡中学2023届模拟试卷（一）
英语参考答案
A
【语篇导读本文是应用文, 主题语境是“人与社会”。文章介绍了New Malden Airprt Transfers的出租车服务。
21. D, 推断题。解题步骤如下：①明题意－本题问的是“New Malden Airprt Transfers 可能是什么”②寻线索－根据第一段中的＂Need an airprt transfer（换乘）taxi in New Malden. . . We are best knwn as the specialists in Lndn＇s airprt transfers”可知, New Malden Airprt Transfers应该是一个出租车公司。③定答案－A项“出租车生产商”；B项“新创办的小型公司”；C项“中转站”；D项“出租车公司”。故D项正确。
22. C. 理解具体信息题。根据New Malden Taxis Hld Many Benefits部分中的“Our New Malden taxi service is pen 24 hurs a day, 365 days a year”可知, 该服务是全天候的。
23. A。理解目的题。综观全文可知, 本文主要介绍了New Malden Airprt Transfers的出租车服务的特点、服务范围等, 因此, 作者写作本文是为了宣传这一服务。
B
语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Jhn参加了VISE项目, 在马戏团义务教授孩子的同时也免费观看了梦寐以求的马戏表演, 过上了有意义且有趣的生活。
24. C. 细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是最后一句可知, Jhn在听说了项目VISE后很感兴趣, 并以一名老师的身份跟随马戏团, 对那里的孩子进行授课。故选C.
25. D. 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句中的＂Jhn and his wife Helen fund it extrardinary enugh t sink int sleep t the sund f lins raring”可知, Jhn与妻子都很享受伴着狮声人睡。故选D.
26. D. 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知, Jhn见到小狮子时, 有一点害怕, 但这对Jhn来说, 这是一次无法忘怀的经历, 这帮助他实现了从儿时的梦想。故选D。
27. C. 标题概括题。根据全文内容可知, Jhn在退休之后来到马戏团义务教授孩子的同时也免费观看了梦寐以求的马戏表演, 过上了有意义且有趣的生活。因此C项概括了本文内容, 适合本文内容, 适合作本文的标题。故选C。
C
28. C. 根据文章第一段中的＂The letter warns that AI may threaten jbs, spread prpaganda（宣传）, and even lead t the ＇l ss f cntrl f ur civilizatin＇, ＂可知。句意为“他们在信中警示的就是AI可能会危及就业, 控制舆论, 甚 至导致＊我们的文明失控＇。”
29. A。根据the US的例子所处的位置来看, 是为了证实上一句话“The histry f innvatin is ne f trial and errr, risk and reward. ”.
30. B. 根据文章第四段中的＂By 2030, it might be cntributing mre than S 15 trillin t the glbal ecnmy. ＂可知A项错误。根据“Advances in medicine, bilgy, climate science, educatin, manufacturing, transprtatin and much mre are n the hrizn. ”可知B项正确。根据文章第五段中的＂The industry already perates within legal paramcters（范畴）in respnse t ptential harms. ＂可知C项错误。根据“Far frm the＇ut-f-cntrl race＇, the AI business is cnstrained by law and plitics and cnsumer sentiment. ”可知D项错误。
31. B. 根据文章作者的观点以及最后一段, 尤其是最后一句“The AI revlutin deserves n less. ＂可知。
D
32. A. 根据文章第一段＂The way such creatures evlved t be just clrful cnugh t signal their txic（有毒的） defense-but nt s clrful that they becme vulnerable t predatrs（捕食者）-has lng been a grey arca fr scientists. ”可知。句意为“这些生物将颜色进化得刚刚好来表明它们有毒, 但是又没有颜色艳丽得容易被它们的天敌发现。其方式对于科学家们来说一直就是一个灰色地带。”因此在之前的研究中并没有弄清楚这些恰当的颜色色度是怎样进化来的。
33. C. 词义猜测题。this dilemma 侧重点关注指示代词this所指的前文内容。根据第二段“Initially, predatrs wuld nt have knwn that bright clrs signal txicity, and therefre wuld have eaten, then becme ill-these easily- sptted few members f a species with the clrful mutatin（突变）. In thery, this shuld make it virtually impssible fr the apsematic（防护色的）pineers t pass n their genes t their ffspring, allwing fr the mutatin t take hld in the ppulatin. ＂”可知。亮丽的颜色成为警戒色是这些天敌在试误后得到的教训, 但既然这些有着亮丽颜色的生物被吃掉了, 那从理论上讲就不可能把这个突变的基因传给后代了。所以 this dilemma指的就是这个矛盾。
34. D. 根据文章第三、四段可知。从“Between these ples, the scientists place species with camuflaged（伪装的） tps and clrful bttms in varius degrees. These tend t display their dramatic halves nly when trying t defend themselves frm predatrs. ”可知, 在极鲜亮和极不明显的颜色中间还有半鲜亮半保护色的物种, 所以A项 错误；根据＂In the end, the researchers realized that they all kind f fllwed a similar pattern, evlving frm species in the middle f that range, thse whse clrs are hidden unless in danger. ”可知, 他们的进化路线只有相似的一条, 所以B项错误。而研究者主要是查阅数据和建模来进行研究, 所以C项错误。根据“evlving frm species in the middle f that range, thse whse clrs are hidden unless in danger＂可知D项正确。
35. D. 根据文章最后一段“. . . but this new thery presents a mechanism that is likely t play a rle in the evlutin f anti-predatr defense in varius prey grups and a wide range f different predatrs. Pssibly--evlutin f warning clratin in ther animal grups as well. ”可知。
【语篇导读】本文语篇类型是说明文, 主题是人与社会。文章介绍了人们为什么眨眼以及什么情况下眨眼多和少。
36. B. 考查上下文的指代关系。后文It指代眼睛里的异物, B项里a freign bdy 可以被后文It指代, 因此选B。
37. A. 考查主题照应和上下文的并列逻辑关系。本段主旨是“眨眼可以润滑眼睛”。眨眼可以流出泪液, 泪液对眼睛有很多好的作用, 照应本段主旨, 并且也和后文的als形成了并列逻辑关系, 因此选A。
38. F. 考查主旨概括能力。此处是对后面两段的主旨概括。“在某些情况下, 人们会或多或少地眨眼。”因此选F。
39. C. 考查主题照应。本段主要讲眨眼频繁的情况, 所以选C。干扰项E中, “对眼睛的伤害”与整个文章的主旨不符。
40. G. 考查主旨概括能力。从后面的举例可知, 此处应该选择眨眼少的情况, 因此选G。
【语篇导读】本文是说明文, 主题语境是“人与社会”。位于南极洲的洛克雷港邮局的招聘吸引了很多人, 在那里员工不仅要收集环境数据和监测野生动物, 还要负责数金鹅。
【背景知识洛克雷港（Prt Lckry）曾经是英国的军事基地和南极科考站。这个世界最南端的邮局还有一个可爱的名字“企鹅邮局”, 因为在小屋的周围生活着成百上千只巴布亚企鹅。2006年洛克雷港转交英国南极遗产信托基金管理, 并开始作为博物馆、纪念品商店、邮局, 在每年夏季对外开放, 接待来自世界各地的游客。
41. B. 根据上文中的＂hundreds f pcple arund the wrld are applying fr a desired jb”可知, 此处表示该职位在南极洲。psitin“职位”；aim“目的”；unit“单位”。
42. A. 本文讲的是一个职位, 再根据空后的＂is the ability t cunt penguins（企鹅）”可知, 此处表示其中一个关键的要求是能够数企鹅。requiremcnt“要求, 必要条件”；characteristic＂特征＂；virtue“优秀品质”；activity“活动”。
43. D. 根据上文中的＂applying fr a desired jb”和下文中的“emplyees”可知, 此处表示聘用四名邮递员, instruct “吩咐”, hire“聘用”。
44. C. 前面提到洛克雷港是一个邮局, 空后又提到“as a muscum”, 故此处表示该邮局兼作博物馆。duble as“兼作”。
45. C. 根据下文中的“they are cperatively respnsible fr-. turists＂可知, 此处表示员工各司其职。taste“爱好, 志 趣”；talent＂才能”；rle＂职能, 地位, 角色”；backgrund“背景”。
46. B. 根据上文中的＂a ncarly 80-year-ld British-wned＂和空前的“prcserving”可知, 此处表示有历史意义的地方。temprary＂临时的”；histric＂有重要历史意义的, 历史上重要的＂；grand＂壮丽的”；magical“奇妙的”。
47. D. 根据空前的“als”可知, 本空应与前面的＂respnsible fr＂在含义上接近, 故用in charge f“负责”。in favr f“赞同, 支持”；in need f＂需要”；in pssessin f＂拥有”。
48. B. 前面提到这份工作没多少放松和休息的时间, 再结合“Still”（但是）可知, 它仍然很抢手。sught-after表示“吃香的, 广受欢迎的”, 符合语境。paid“有偿的, 付费的”；hard-wn“来之不易的, 辛苦得来的”；rcspcctable“体面的, 得体的”。
49. A. 根据上文中的“This year, hundreds f peple--desired jb”和下文中的“the 2019-2020 seasn”可知, 此处表示英国南极遗产信托基金每年（annually）都会收到大量申请该职位的信。
易错点拨：思维定式会导致一部分考生因为前面提到该职位很抢手而想当然地以为该机构每天都会收到很多申请信, 但是忽略了上下文的解题信息。
50. D. 他们大多是被洛克雷港的历史和科研价值吸引的。draw“吸引”。
51. A. 前面提到该职位很抢手, 而Lucy Drman申请成功了, 再结合下文中的“I really lve”可知, 此处表示对她来说, 获得这个职位很让她开心。jy“令人高兴的人（或事）”；lcssn“经验”；shlck“令人震惊的事”。
52. A. 根据上文中的“there＇s a real sense f cmmunity＂和下文中的＂yu can＇t get away frm each ther very easily＂可知, 此处表示你得与人和睦相处（get alng）。
53. D. 根据上文中的“a real sense f cmmunity＂和＂yu can＇t get away frm each ther very easily＂可知, 此处表示Lucy Drman 喜欢那种亲密无间。lneliness“孤独”；eagerness＂渴望”；lseness＂松弛”；tgetherness“（尤指家庭或朋友的）和睦相处, 亲密无间, 团结友爱”。
54. B. 根据空前的“what yu can achieve here＂和下文中的＂The ttal experience ffers. yur functin n the planet. ”可知, 此处表示你在这里获得的东西很有益。cnsistent“持续的”；rewarding“有益的, 有意义的”；ptential“潜在的”；pure“纯粹的”。
55. C. 这整个经历会让你产生对世界的不同看法（attitude）以及你在这个星球上的职责的新观点。
56. largely. 此处考查副词。表示竹子主要生长在长江南部。largely副词修饰动词 grw。
57. cnsidered。此处考查非谓语动词, 主句谓语动词为has enriched。
58. t express, 此处考查非谓语动词, 表目的。意为表达对竹子纯洁和优雅的赞美。
59. purity. 此处考查名词。
60. cmpared。此处考查谓语动词。
61. t, 此处考查介词。cmpare. . t. 意为“把······比作······”。
62. a. 此处考查冠词。竹子也是历代中国知名画家最喜欢的一个题材。
63. where。此处考查非限制性定语从句。晚年, 他画了《竹石图》, 画中没有鲜艳的色彩, 只有简单的线条。
64. unnecessary. 此处考查形容词。
65. arc seen。此处考查谓语动词。去掉了所有不必要的细节, 竹子的优雅、美丽和力量在纸上表现得最为有效。
第四部分
第一节
【参考范文】
Dear Sir r Madam,
Learning that vlunteers are needed fr the cming Chinese Traditinal Culture Festival in ur cmmunity, I＇m delightedly writing t apply fr the jb.
Firstly, as a native Chinese equipped with a gd knwledge f traditinal Chinese cultures, I＇m cnfident that I＇m qualified t intrduce ur treasures t visitrs. Mrever, I have a gd cmmand f English, enabling me t cmmunicate with freign guests smthly. Better yet, with many a relevant experience as a vlunteer, nt nly am I enthusiastic and ptimistic, but I＇m als patient and respnsible.
If given the precius pprtunity. I will spare n effrt t present the charm f Chinese culture.
Yurs,
Li Hua
评分标准：
1. 评分原则
（1）总分为15分, 按5个档次给分。
（2）评分时, 先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次, 然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次, 最后给分。
（3）词数少于60或多于100的, 从总分中减去2分。
（4）评分时, 应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。作文所写内容要点应包括：①交代写信的目的（2分）：②个人优势（6分）；③希望获准（2分）。语言运用计3分, 上下文衔接计2分, 书写差影响交际扣2分。
（5）拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面, 评分时, 应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
2. 各档次的给分范围和要求
第二节
【参考范文】
Things seemed all right at first. Hwever, with time ging by, cnflicts emerged. Abigail always cmplained that every time I hung ut with Ava, she was left alne, while Ava said that I paid mre attentin t Abigail, which drve her crazy, believing that ur friendship was nt what it used t be. Trapped in the dilemma, I, envelped by the sense f sadness, still felt cnfused why things turned ut t be that cmplicated, nt knwing hw t tackle the prblem. Wrse still, karate even became the mst frightening thing t me.
One day, I simply culd nt take it anymre. With tears streaming dwn my cheeks, I stpped them frm arguing and said with a deep sigh, “Why can't yu get alng with each ther well? Bth f yu arc my best friends. "Hearing my wrds, they didn't utter a single wrd, sinking int a deep silence. After what seemed like a century, Ava finally placed her arm with apparently unaccustmed affectin arund Abigail's shulders. Seeing this scene, I gasped with relief and burst int laughter.
评分标准：
1. 评分原则
（1）本题总分为25分, 按5个档次给分。
（2）评分时, 先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次, 然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次, 最后给分。
（3）词数少于130的从总分中减去2分。
（4）评分时, 应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
①与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；
②内容的丰富性和关键信息的利用情况；
③应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性：
④上下文的连贯性是一个重要方面, 评分时, 应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
（5）若书写较差以致影响交际, 可将分数降低一个档次。
2. 各档次的给分范围和要求
3. 内容要点
（1）文本理解重要信息
主要人物：Abigail, “I”, Ava
（2）写作核心内容：
①Paragraph 1：必写内容：我的两位好朋友Abigail和Ava之间的冲突, 对彼此的不满。
②Paragraph 2：必写内容：在我的劝和之下, 我的两位好朋友Abigail和Ava和解。
③主题：与friendship以及如何处理朋友之间矛盾相关的主题。
听力材料
Text 1
M:We planned t g t the beach after class. Want t cme?
W:I'd lve t. But prfessr Jnes wants t talk with me. （1）
Text 2
M:Lucky yu! Yu gt the windw seat!
W:Why dn't we change places? I prefer t get up and walk arund during the night. Here, cme rest by the windw. （2）
It's ging t be a big cnference. Yu've been lking tired since the meeting yesterday.
Text 3
M:We are planning t visit sme places f interest in Beijing. D yu have sme advice?
W:The Great Wall is a must, （3） since yu have tured arund the Frbidden City and the Summer Palace befre.
M: Thank yu.
Text 4
M:Anne, I'm ging ut fr a while.
W:But yu have an appintment with Mr. Smith at 9 ' clck.
M:Well, please make it anther day. （4）
Text 5
W:Gerge, have yu saved enugh fr the tablet?
M:I have 800 yuan nw, and the tablet csts 1, 400 yuan. My father said he wuld fill the gap, s I'll get the rest frm him. （5）
Text 6
W:Hi, Henry. Where were yu yesterday afternn? Did yu remember yur prmise?
M: Oh, I'm srry, June. I frgt. Did yu g t the cinema alne?（6）
W: N, I didn't g anywhere. Yu had kept me waiting fr hurs. What were yu ding then?
M: I was busy helping my father. He asked me t paint the wall. （7）
W:But yu culd ring me up. Yu knw my telephne number. Remember an hnrable man must always keep his prmise.
Mi I'm s srry. It's my fault. I'll try t keep my prmise next time.
Text 7
M:Welcme t ur htel's indr swimming pl. What can I d fr yu?
W, Yu see, this is my first time t use the swimming pl, and I've gt n idea abut the water temperature f the pl. （8）I'm afraid it might be a little cld.
Mi Yu dn't need t wrry abut that, madam. This is a warm massage pl; the temperature is 36 degrees.
W: I see. I'm als nt a very gd swimmer. Can yu tell me hw deep the pl is?
M: Certainly, madam. The deepest area is tw meters deep, （9） but yu can swim in the area at the edge f the pl, which is nly 1. 4 meters deep. We have separate lcker rms ver there, and they are free f charge.
W:That's great! Can yu give me a key t a lcker? I can't wait t try the pl. （10）
Text 8
W:Thanks fr cming t the studi tday, Mr. Larsn. Why dn't yu tell me abut yur last psitin?
M: Well, I started wrking at Smith Electrnics in Chicag right after I graduated frm cllege. I was in the sales department, and even thugh I was gd at it. I wasn't really happy. （11） After ne year, I was mved t the HR department. W:Was that a better fit?
M:Yes. I prefer talking t peple face-t-face, and I enjy slving prblems. I did quite well in that psitin. （12）
W:S, why did yu leave?
M:I had been wrking at Smith fr fur years. Then I wanted t take sme time ff, s I went t Paris. My three-week vacatin turned int a tw-year stay!
W:Ww! What made yu cme back t the United States? And why is it a gd time fr yu t jin Bransn Labs? M: When my father started Bransn Labs here in Ls Angeles frty years ag, he wanted t pass it dwn t me. At my graduatin dinner, I prmised him that I wuld take ver when the time was right. I'm finally ready t make gd n that prmise. （13）
Text 9
M: I understand I can brrw six bks in ttal at mst frm this library, right?
W:Yeah.
M: Gd. I nly brrwed tw bks befre. Nw can yu help me check ut these three bks, please?（14）
W:I need yur library card.
M:Here.
W:Uh, ne f yur brrwed bks is tw weeks verdue. Yu can't brrw any bks until yu give it back and pay the fine. （15）
M:What?Oh, I remember. I lent it t a friend, and she didn’t return it t me. She is ut f twn right nw. What shuld I d? I really need these bks fr my paper. Hw I wish I knew sme reader here wh culd help me.
W:There's a cpy machine right ver there. Why nt just cpy the sectins yu need right away?（16）
M: It wuld be a great idea if the cpy machine were free t use. Hwever, the truth is it wuld cst me mre than the fine. S n, thanks, （17）
Text 10
Gd mrning. This is Michael Jnes here with the 10:00 News Reprt. Earlier this week, we heard abut Miltn, the dg that traveled ver 3, 000 miles t reunite with his family. （18）When the Jhnsn family mved frm Califrnia t New Yrk, they culdn't find their dg and they were sad t leave him behind. Abut a mnth later, Miltn shwed up at their drstep in New Yrk. We cannt believe hw far this dg traveled! The family will be ding an interview in the studi tmrrw mrning. In ther news, there's been an utbreak f car thefts in Orange Cunty this week. Abut ten cars have been stlen frm utside their wners' hmes since Mnday. （19） If yu see r hear anything, please call 911. That's the first 2 pieces f the news. We'll cme back sn frm a cmmercial break. （20）