2024北京朝阳高二（下）期末英语试卷

这是一份2024北京朝阳高二（下）期末英语试卷，共10页。试卷主要包含了 7， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2024. 7
(考试时间 100 分钟 满分 100 分)
本试卷共 10 页。 考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答, 在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用 (共三节, 30 分)
第一节 完形填空 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 共 10 分)
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Red Crss bus pulled int ur schl parking lt, welcming students ver the age f eighteen t __ 1__ bld. Hnestly, mst were attracted by the prmise f free ckies and juice. Teachers were als encuraged t participate. After watching a heartwarming vide, many f us __ 2__ t give bld, myself included.
The nurse had just remved the needle frm my arm when the bell rang fr the next lessn. I climbed the three flights f stairs t my classrm and by the time I pened the dr fr my students, I felt slightly __ 3__ , as if walking n cluds. Fr the rest f that afternn, I even felt sick t my stmach, s I made a mental nte t leave such __ 4__ fr after-schl hurs. __ 5__ , the idea slipped my mind as I grew busy with ther respnsibilities.
Nevertheless, perceptin ( 看 法 ) always __ 6 __ with experience. Early in my cancer treatment, I experienced painful chemtherapy ( 化疗). The bld transfusins breathed new life int me. Then, I __ 7__ , fr each bld prduct dnated, there was a living, breathing recipient, just like me. Watching the liquid enter my bdy, I was __ 8__ by the fact that platelets (血小板) are bright yellw, like the sun. It is truly amazing that a part f ne persn can save the life f anther. I am __ 9__ t the stranger, whse kindness has allwed me t regenerate my weakened bdy and live t fight anther day.
The Greeks have several wrds t define lve. The mst pwerful is agape, which means “lve with actin,” particularly when it is cncerned with the greater __ 10__ f anther. And t s many, including me, that’s exactly what bld dnatin has been.
1. A. drawB. testC. cllectD. dnate
2. A. refused B. hesitated C. pretended D. vlunteered
3. A. dizzy B. afraid C. dwn D. ashamed
4. A. rights B. pinins C. adventures D. judgements
5. A. Hwever B. Therefre C. Instead D. Mrever
6. A. appears B. changes C. declines D. remains
7. A. denied B. imagined C. recalled D. realised
8. A. puzzled B. amused C. fascinated D. embarrassed
9. A. pen B. plite C. grateful D. generus
10. A. mercy B. gd C. success D. effrt
第二节 选词填空 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 共 10 分)
阅读下面句子, 根据句意, 从方框中选择恰当的词或词组, 并用其正确形式填空。
11. I can’t _____________ hw much the trip will cst.
12. It is wrng t judge happiness just _____________ success.
13. I think we _____________ a gd rest after all that hard wrk.
14. He wrked_____________ fr his cuntry thrughut his life.
15. When yu _____________a crisis, it ften helps t talk t smene.
16. Mst peple nw _____________ staying at ne jb fr the whle life.
17. It was a huge prject and ver 20 sftware cmpanies _____________ it.
18. Studies have established that smking is a risk _____________fr cancer.
19. The innvative smartphne design _____________all ages and scial grups.
20. Cmpanies always appreciate a_____________ persn wh they can trust t d the jb.
(请务必将第 11 至 20 题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内)
第三节 语法填空 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 共 10 分)
阅读下面句子, 根据句子内容填空。 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
21. He is such a _____________ (curisity) by, always asking questins.
22. Scientists _____________ (learn) a lt abut the brain in the last decade.
23. She was quite disappinted t find that they _____________ (leave) already.
24. One learns a language by making mistakes and _____________ (crrect) them.
25. Simple gym equipment, _____________ (use) crrectly, can imprve fitness levels.
26. An _____________ (accuracy) descriptin f the prblem is the first step in slving it.
27. She _____________ (practise) the pian since breakfast, and her fingers are starting t ache.
28. It’s up t yu _____________ (decide) what yu can d and hw well yu can d it in yur career.
29. In the 1950s, an attempt _____________ ( make ) t prve “ Six Degrees f Separatin ” mathematically.
30. The children started playing with water ballns, _____________ ( turn) the backyard int a wet and wild battlefield.
(请务必将第 21 至 30 题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内)
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节, 38 分) 第一节 (共 14 小题; 每小题 2 分, 共 28 分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
If yu’re a lver f literature and want t study it further, Harvard’s nline curses are a great ptin!
Abut the Curses
The Ancient Greek Her explres what it means t be human tday by studying what it meant t be a her in ancient Greek times. T achieve this, learners will experience, in English translatin, sme ancient Greek literature frm the 8th century BC t the 3rd century AD.
Nble Culture and the Csmplitan Tang lks at hw nble families and their culture and literature cntributed t the reunificatin (重新统一) f China under the Tang Dynasty. Yu’ll als learn hw t cmpse and analyze petry and calligraphy.
Shakespeare’s Life and Wrk explres relatinships between Shakespeare’s wrld and present day. Thrugh shrt vides and readings, yu will see hw the meaning f a wrk f art changes depending n the time, cntext, and culture.
Masterpieces f Wrld Literature reveals hw great writers reflect n their wrld and hw their wrks are changed in tday’s glbal culture. It helps us understand the deep rts f tday’s intercnnected glbal culture.
Ways t Take the Curses
When yu sign up fr these curses, yu will have the ptin f auditing (旁听) the curse r pursuing an fficial certificate.
In the auditing track, learning is free and self-paced within 18 weeks. Learners have access t part f ur curse resurces. Besides, curse vides and handuts are nt available fr dwnlading. Please nte that this track des nt ffer an fficial certificate.
Alternatively, learners can pay _299 t pursue an fficial certificate, which ffers unlimited access t curse resurces within a year. At the end f the curse, learners wh earn a passing grade can receive a certificate.
If yu’re interested and want t learn mre, click here: https:/ / www. harvardnline. harvard. edu
31. If yu want t knw hw t analyze petry, yu can chse ___________ .
A. The Ancient Greek Her
B. Shakespeare’s Life and Wrk
C. Masterpieces f Wrld Literature
D. Nble Culture and the Csmplitan Tang
32. In the auditing track, yu can ___________ .
A. determine the learning pace B. access handuts fr a fee
C. earn an fficial certificate D. dwnlad curse vides
33. What is the purpse f this passage?
A. T advertise nline curses. B. T explre the rts f humanity.
C. T cmpare different cultures. D. T highlight the value f literature.
B
It turns ut patience isn’t always a virtue. By the time Nalin Kamat was 13, the Trnt teen had been well n his way t becming a wrking artist. He had already had his first shw at a lcal arts centre. Yet he wanted mre—specifically t start shwing his wrks in a juried exhibitin, where art experts wuld evaluate and select pieces in a cmpetitive review prcess, ensuring that nly the mst utstanding wrks are included in the exhibitin. That’s when he ran int a prblem, discvering in the very last line f a multi-page applicatin that the minimum age fr submissin was 18.
That rejectin became a fuel fr creatin. “As yung artists, we dn’t get as much credit as I think we deserve, and we als dn’t get many pprtunities t shwcase the amunt f wrk we put int the art. I thught it’d be really cl if I culd prvide the pprtunity fr mre yung artists,” says Nalin, nw 15.
With the supprt f his parents, in January 2023, Nalin funded Little EGG Gallery, a cmmercial studi nly fr underage artists. The gallery, which is nw prfitable enugh, charges a small fee fr any displayed wrk and takes a 15 percent service fee n sales. In turn, Little EGG Gallery helps prmte yung talents by shwcasing their wrks.
Nt lng after pening, David Griffin, a prfessr and artist frm Ontari Cllege f Art and Design University, happened t cme acrss the gallery while walking with his wife in their neighburhd. Upn meeting Nalin, Griffin says he understd that he was speaking with smene special, “a strng yung artist with a really excellent idea, which was t create a space fr shwing the lcal cmmunity the easy, natural genius f yung peple. ” A cnnectin was frmed, and Nalin asked Griffin t help judge an upcming cmpetitin. The first juried shw was last spring, and the tp three winners each received a _50 cash prize. Five-year-ld Jack Gamble wn fr his abstract painting titled Pkemn.
Given hw busy Nalin is with schl life and his wn art, Little EGG Gallery is mstly pen by appintment nly, but he’s still devted t grwing the gallery with seasnal and themed shws scheduled a few times a year.
Nalin believes that yung artists are free t be mre creative. In an interview with CBC Kids News, he said, “I think when yu’re yunger, yu have mre creativity. Yu see beauty in mre things and when yu get lder, it kind f stps. I dn’t want t see anyne prevented frm creating their art. ”
34. Accrding t the passage, the juried exhibitin__________ .
A. favurs wrks f art experts B. charges a small fee fr entries
C. sets n age limit fr submissin D. displays prfessinally selected wrks 35. Hw did Nalin Kamat feel after being rejected?
A. Anxius. B. Mtivated. C. Regretful. D. Cnfused.
36. Why did Nalin Kamat fund Little EGG Gallery?
A. T wrk with ther yung artists. B. T meet his parents’ expectatins.
C. T ffer underage artists a platfrm. D. T hld an exhibitin f his wn wrks.
37. What can we learn frm Nalin Kamat’s stry? A. Wisdm arises frm experience.
B. Everything cmes t thse wh wait.
C. Luck matters t ne’s career success.
D. Innvative thughts increase ne’s chances.
C
Mst peple will learn ne r tw languages in their lives, but Vaughn Smith speaks 24 languages, a hyperplyglt—a rare individual wh speaks mre than 10 languages. Hwever, scientists have largely ignred what’s ging n inside the brains f plyglts—peple wh speak mre than five languages—says Evelina Fedrenk, a cgnitive ( 认知的) neurscientist at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy. She adds, “That’s partly because they accunt fr nly 1% f peple glbally, making it difficult t find enugh participants fr research. ” In a new study led by Fedrenk, researchers lked inside the minds f plyglts like Smith t reveal hw language-specific regins in their brains respnd t hearing different languages. “This study will cntribute t ur understanding f hw ur brain learns languages,” she says.
T gain insights int hw plyglts prcess five r mre languages, Fedrenk’s team scanned the brains f 25 plyglts. They used a brain imaging technique called functinal magnetic resnance imaging ( fMRI), which measures bld flw in the brain, t map ut these language netwrks. Inside the fMRI machine, the plyglts listened t a series f 16-secnd-lng recrdings in ne f eight different languages. The eight languages included each participant’s native language, three thers they learned later in life, and fur unfamiliar languages. Tw f the unfamiliar languages were clsely related t the participant’s native language—fr instance, Spanish fr a native Italian speaker. The ther tw unfamiliar languages came frm unrelated language families.
The researchers fund that when participants heard any f the eight languages, bld always rushed t the same brain regins. In ther wrds, the participants’ brains appeared t use the same basic netwrk as mnlinguals ( 单语言者) t try t understand the sunds, regardless f which language they heard. Mrever, the activity in the brain’s language netwrks changed based n hw well participants understd a language. The mre familiar the language, the larger the respnse. Brain activity particularly was invigrated when participants heard unfamiliar languages that were clsely related t nes they knew well. This might have happened as brain areas wrked vertime t puzzle ut the meanings based n similarities between the languages.
There was ne exceptin t the rule: When participants heard their native tngue, their language netwrks were actually quieter than when they heard ther familiar languages. This trend held even when participants were fluent in their ther familiar languages. That culd be s because expertise reduces the amunt f brain pwer needed fr a task, the researchers nte.
While this study casts light n multilinguists’ brain activity, there are still unanswered questins. Ntably, future research hpes t study peple wh learned multiple languages frm infancy ( 婴儿期). Nevertheless, “ this study culd ne day lead t better tls t help peple relearn languages mre easily after a strke r brain damage. ” Fedrenk says.
38. What is the main purpse f the first paragraph?
A. T present a latest brain thery. B. T stress the significance f the study.
C. T explain the research methd. D. T prvide the definitins f tw terms.
39. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. The brain prcesses native languages with much effrt.
B. Bld flw in the brain is unrelated t language familiarity.
C. The brain uses the same areas t prcess multiple languages.
D. Effective treatments fr language disrders have been discvered.
40. What des the wrd “invigrated” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Evaluated. B. Activated. C. Affected. D. Reduced.
41. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Impact f Language Familiarity n Brain
B. Challenges in Studying Language Geniuses
C. Secrets f Language Prcessing in Plyglts
D. Edge f fMRI in Revealing Language Prcessing
D
A theme at this year’s Wrld Ecnmic Frum ( WEF ) meeting in Switzerland was the perceived need t “speed up breakthrughs in research and technlgy”. Sme f this framing was mtivated by the climate emergency; sme by the pprtunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence (AI). In varius cnversatins, it seems t be taken fr granted that t address the wrld’s prblems, scientific research needs t mve faster and break things. But what if the thing being brken is science? Or public trust?
In recent years, we’ve seen imprtant papers written by well-knwn scientists and published in influential jurnals were retracted ( 召回) because f questinable data r methds. In ne ntable case, Frances H. Arnld, wh shared the 2018 Nbel Prize in Chemistry, vluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable t replicate (复制) her results—but after the paper had been published. In an pen aplgy, she stated that she was “ a bit busy” when the paper was submitted and “did nt d my jb well”. Arnld’s hnesty is admirable, but it raises a questin: Are schlars at super cmpetitive places such as Harvard, Stanfrd and Yale rushing t publish rather than taking the time t d their wrk right?
It’s impssible t answer this questin scientifically because there’s n scientific definitin f “ rushing”. But there’s little dubt that we live in a culture where academics at leading universities are under enrmus pressure t prduce results—and a lt f them—quickly.
Frmal research assessments have fr years judged academic departments largely n the utput quantity. The existing system has led t reduced mtivatin fr excellence and innvatin in academic research. A recent refrm by academics within the field has urged fr quality ver quantity.
Gd science takes time. Mre than 50 years passed between the 1543 publicatin f Cpernicus’s magnum pus (天体运行论), and the brad scientific acceptance f the helicentric
mdel f the universe. Nearly a century passed between bichemist Friedrich Miescher’s identificatin f the DNA and the clarificatin f its duble-helix structure in the 1950s. And it tk just abut half a century fr gelgists and gephysicists t accept gephysicist Alfred Wegener’s idea f cntinental mvement.
Scientists and ther schlars are pushing results ut far faster than they used t. Cnsider the vlume f academic papers being published these days. One recent study put the number at ver seven millin a year, cmpared with fewer than a millin as recently as 1980. Anther study fund 265 academic authrs—tw thirds f whm were in the medical and life sciences—wh published a paper every five days n average.
Sme f this grwth is driven by mre scientists and mre c-authrship f papers, but the numbers als suggest that the research wrld has priritized quantity ver quality. Researchers may need t slw dwn—nt speed up—if we are t prduce trustwrthy knwledge.
42. The authr gives an example f Frances H. Arnld t shw that__________.
A. academic fields value hnesty
B. scientists lack time fr research
C. schlars tend t publish papers in a hurry
D. labratries fail t replicate scientific results
43. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. AI and climate issues blck research prgress.
B. Defining “rushing” bsts academic prductivity.
C. Identifying DNA is easier than clarifying its structure.
D. Schlars have acknwledged the prblem with academic evaluatin.
44. Accrding t the passage, what is the authr’s pinin n scientific research?
A. Research credibility is a tp pririty in science.
B. Mre publicatins enhance researchers’ reputatin.
C. Studies in medical and life sciences are satisfactry.
D. C-authrship needs t be cancelled fr reliable research.
第二节 (共 5 小题; 每小题 2 分, 共 10 分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 选项中有两项为多余选项。
If yu are asked t describe yur relatinship with yur phne, what wuld yu say? __ 45__ Fr thse f us wh use digital technlgy with regularity, we will unavidably think we have verdne it.
But are we really addicted t ur screens? Fr the vast majrity f users, the answer is n because there’s n frmal set f criteria fr digital addictin. __ 46__ This test was given t arund 800 peple, using criteria previusly adpted in many ther studies. The team fund that 69% f the participants culd be diagnsed with an addictin t spending time with their friends.
__ 47__ Instead, the team was shwing hw easy it is t create what appears t be a data-driven measure f an addictive behavir, which actually is a nrmal part f everyday life. The idea f being addicted t ffline friendships is ridiculus, but that is what is happening in the digital technlgy research literature. We are stuck with researchers cmbining peple’s enjyment f an activity with the idea that it has the ptential t becme addictive. __ 48__
It is true that we can develp bad relatinships with the technlgy we use, but an emerging line f research says we need t view ur relatinships with digital technlgy in terms f habits, nt in terms f prblematic use. __ 49__ Whether they have psitive r negative effects n ur well-being depends nt just n the type f habit, but n the cntext in which it ccurs, hw frequently it ccurs and what ther factrs might be cntributing t it. Thinking abut ur technlgy use in terms f habit ffers us a much wider range f ptins. Rather than getting rid f technlgy altgether, we can seek ur digital experience that prmte psitive effects while minimizing negative impacts.
A. Many f us are likely t develp bad habits.
B. Habits, like checking ur phnes, are neutral.
C. Fr many, the wrd “addicted” wuld spring t mind.
D. This leads ultimately t the belief that the activity is naturally bad.
E. Obviusly, the aim wasn’t t fuel a new mral panic abut scializing.
F. A recent study has revealed evidence that shws psitive effects f digital use.
G. Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques t d an ffline-friend addictin questinnaire.
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节, 32 分)
第一节 (共 4 小题; 第 50、 51 题各 2 分, 第 52 题 3 分, 第 53 题 5 分, 共 12 分)
阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Survey data shw that American custmers tday are mre than twice as likely t cmplain abut a prduct r service as they were in 1976. Peple are grumbling ( 抱怨) mre at wrk t. Nearly a third f emplyers in ne UK-based survey witnessed an increase in emplyee cmplaints ver a tw-year perid.
Of curse, yu can always find smething t cmplain abut. But if yu d s habitually, that is prbably hurting yu, making thers feel dwn, and making yu a less attractive persn t be arund. S yu might want t resist the trend tward a culture f cmplaint.
Smetimes, cmplaining is “instrumental,” designed t gain redress (补偿) fr displeasure, such as pr service r annying behaviur frm a family member. Cmplaining can als be “chrnic,” a state f dissatisfactin in which grumblers cnstantly think abut their misery and refuse t be cmfrted. Mre typically, hwever, cmplaining is simply t let ut displeasure r btain sympathy.
The prblem with cmplaining is that even thugh it can feel therapeutic ( 有疗效的), it typically isn’t. Althugh cmplaining might ffer temprary relief, it’s bad fr yur happiness in the lng run. Schlars have shwn that peple wh share negative emtins n scial media experience lwer levels f well-being. Cmplaining can als lwer the happiness f the peple arund yu. Researchers shwed that simply hearing anther’s cmplaint lwers ne’s md. Even wrse, in sme relatinships, the negative effect can pass like a virus t thse expsed.
Let’s assume, hwever, that yur livelihd des nt rely n spreading misery. Much mre likely is that it will be in yur interest, if yu have a cmplaining habit, t break it. The peple yu care abut will be happier t.
50. What is the purpse f “instrumental” cmplaining?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
51. What are the negative effects f cmplaining?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
“Chrnic” cmplaining is a state f dissatisfactin in which grumblers cnstantly think abut their misery and try t btain sympathy.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
53. Instead f cmplaining, hw wuld yu deal with dissatisfactin in life? (In abut 40 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(请务必将第 50 至 53 题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内)
第二节 (20 分)
假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。 你校国际部即将举办 “ 校园科技节”, 现正在全校招募英语志愿者。 请你用英语给活动负责人写一封申请信, 内容包括:
1. 阐述申请理由;
2. 介绍个人优势。
注意: 1. 词数 100 左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
提示词: Science and Technlgy Festival
Dear Sir / Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs, Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分 知识运用 (共三节, 30 分)
第一节 完形填空 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 共 10 分)
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. B
第二节 选词填空 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 共 10 分)
11. figure ut 12. in terms f 13. deserve
14. heart and sul 15. are ging thrugh 16. have n intentin f 17. were invlved in 18. factr 19. appeals t
20. reliable
第三节 语法填空 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 共 10 分)
21. curius 22. have learned 23. had left 24. crrecting 25. used 26. accurate 27. has been practising 28. t decide 29. was made 30. turning
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节, 38 分)
第一节 (共 14 小题; 每小题 2 分, 共 28 分)
31. D 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. B 41. C 42. C 43. D 44. A
第二节 (共 5 小题; 每小题 2 分, 共 10 分)
45. C 46. G 47. E 48. D 49. B
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节, 32 分)
第一节 (共 4 小题; 第 50、 51 题各 2 分, 第 52 题 3 分, 第 53 题 5 分, 共 12 分)
50. T gain redress fr displeasure.
51. Cmplaining is bad fr yur happiness in the lng run and lwers the happiness f the peple arund yu as well.
52. “Chrnic” cmplaining is a state f dissatisfactin in which grumblers cnstantly think abut their misery and try t btain sympathy.
“Chrnic” cmplaining is a state f dissatisfactin in which grumblers cnstantly think abut their misery and refuse t be cmfrted.
53.
(1) Reading has always been my way f dealing with dissatisfactin, because while reading, I am expsed t an immense wrld where I can experience infinite pssibilities f life. Als, the brand-new perspective I’ve gained frm reading makes the cause f my dissatisfactin seem insignificant. (44)
(2) I wuld deal with dissatisfactin in life by facing it head-n and actively seeking slutins. Instead f cmplaining, I wuld identify the rt cause f my dissatisfactin and take effective measures. By ding s, I can turn dissatisfactin int mtivatin fr persnal grwth and psitive change. (46)
(请根据学生答题情况酌情给分)
第二节 (20 分)
Pssible versin: Dear Sir / Madam,
I am Li Hua frm senir grade 2. I am writing t apply fr the vlunteer psitin at the upcming Science and Technlgy Festival f ur schl.
I have always been passinate abut science and technlgy, and I believe that participating in this festival will prvide me with an excellent pprtunity t learn and grw.
My prficiency in English allws me t cmmunicate fluently with thers. In my previus vlunteering experiences, I assisted in setting up exhibitin bths, managing crwds, and prviding infrmatin t visitrs. S I am cnfident that my skills and experience will cntribute t the success f Science and Technlgy Festival.
Thank yu fr cnsidering my applicatin. I lk frward t hearing frm yu sn.
Yurs, Li Hua
reliable factr deserve appeal t g thrugh figure ut
have n intentin f be invlved in in terms f heart and sul