上海市崇明区2024学年高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷

这是一份上海市崇明区2024学年高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷，共10页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（考试时间105分钟，满分115分。请将答案填涂在答题纸上）
I. Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Baby Hipp (河马) in Thailand Gets Official Sng fr Wrldwide Fans
A baby hipp in Thailand became famus earlier this year when z wrkers published images and vides f her nline. Nw the pygmy hipp (侏儒河马), named M Deng, has an fficial sng and vide released (1) _____ several languages fr her fans wrldwide.
M Deng lives at Kha Khew Open Z, sutheast f the Thai capital, Bangkk. Z wrker Atthapn Nundee (2) _____ (pst) sweet mments f the animal’s life fr the past few mnths. During that time, the hipp has received widespread attentin n scial media. Fans f the animal have expressed (3) _____ they enjy watching the pink-cheeked baby actively interact with her mther and ther z wrkers.
M Deng — which means “buncy prk” in Thai — is a kind f meatball. The name, chsen by fans n scial media, is similar t (4) _____ f her tw brthers: M Tn (stewed (炖制的) prk) and M Waan (sweet prk). M Deng’s ppularity has spread internatinally and she has gained the attentin f sme prfessinal sprts teams. Fans say her name fits her lively persnality. M Deng likes t “deng,” r bunce, and her buncing behavir has led t cuntless internet memes (表情包).
The widespread publicity led a well-knwn Thai cmpser (5) _____ (write) a special sng fr M Deng. The lively 50-secnd sng, called, naturally, Mdeng, (6) _____ (release) by ne f Thailand’s biggest recrding cmpanies, GMM Music last week. A music vide (7) _____ ges alng with the sng shws the baby hipp buncing arund, playing with her keeper, r spending time with her mther, Jna.
M Deng is nw fur mnths ld. Officials estimated the baby hipp has brught in abut 3,000 t 5,000 visitrs a day n average (8) _____ it became ppular nline. The z has been selling clthes, bedding and ther prducts based n M Deng. The z’s directr, Narngwit Chdchi, said the additinal earnings frm M Deng will help the z’s (9) _____ (breed) prgrams fr many endangered animals, like the pygmy hipp, which is threatened by illegal hunting and lss f habitat. Pygmy hipps are native t West Africa, but experts say there are nly 2,000-3,000 f them (10) _____ (leave) in the wild.
All fur versins f the M Deng sng are available nline.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The Imprtance f Willpwer
N matter what yur gals are in life, willpwer is f great imprtance. Willpwer is als f critical imprtance fr behaviral change. Whether yu’re 11 a bad habit, trying t get in shape, r struggling with prcrastinatin (拖延症), yu’ll need willpwer. Of curse, I’m all abut using strategies t reduce ur 12 n willpwer, but yu cannt remve the need fr willpwer entirely.
A steady, disciplined use f willpwer might seem like a(n) 13 f persnal freedm, but it is nt. If 14 willpwer leaves yu a slave t bad habits and addictins, then yu’re nt really free. If yu can’t gather the willpwer t vercme prcrastinatin and earn a better life fr yurself, then yu’re nt really free. T 15 true freedm, yu’ll need willpwer.
Imprtantly, research has shwn that self-cntrl is 16 . When researchers teach peple with pr self-cntrl the strategies used by thse with high self-cntrl, the pr self-cntrl subjects imprve. Willpwer is nt fixed; it can be develped thrugh strategy and practice.
Peple wh learn t master willpwer becme active agents in life, and discver that they are respnse-able in every situatin. And this applies t their behavirs as well as their emtins. Walter Mischel described self-cntrl as “the ‘master talent’ 17 emtinal intelligence, essential fr cnstructing a satisfying life.”
It’s hard t find anyne wh says that willpwer desn’t matter. Yet, despite the 18
agreement abut hw imprtant willpwer is, there is very little agreement in the scientific cmmunity abut hw willpwer actually wrks.
Walter Mischel is the man behind the famus “marshmallw (棉花软糖) test” and the authr f a bk by the same name. His research appeared t shw that yung children with high self-cntrl
19 up ding better as high schlers and adults, but mre recent research has prved this finding wrng, shwing that the willpwer levels f yung children are nt a gd 20 f later success. This makes sense because the prefrntal crtex — the area f the brain respnsible fr willpwer — is prly develped in yung children and desn’t finish develping until early adulthd.
II. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
The daughters, but nt the sns, f wmen wh give birth at age 30 r lder are mre likely t experience symptms f depressin as yung adults, accrding t research published by the American Psychlgical Assciatin.
Tearne, a dctral student at the University f Western Australia and lead authr f the study, and her clleagues analyzed data frm the Western Australian Pregnancy Chrt Study. Pregnant (怀孕的) wmen were selected int this study, and prvided psychlgical 21 . Their ffspring (子女) then underwent psychlgical 22 at varius ages ver the next 23 years.
In this study, the researchers 23 self-reprted levels f varius symptms f depressin, anxiety and stress frm 1,200 f the ffspring at age 20 and cmpared them with the age f the mther and father at the time the children were brn. Daughters whse mthers were ver age 30 at the time f
24 had significantly higher levels f stress, depressin and anxiety cmpared with daughters whse mthers were under age 30. Hwever, the fathers’ age at that particular time had n effect, and there was n effect fund fr 25 .
While the exact cause f this relatinship is nt clear, Tearne said she suspects it is nt necessarily
26 .
“One hypthesis (假设) is that 27 may ccur in the mther-daughter relatinship because f a large age difference between the tw,” said Tearne. “It may be that a 30 r mre year age difference between mther and daughter leads t a significant difference in the 28 systems. That may cause
29 in the relatinship, leading t stress, wrry and sadness in the child, particularly during the transitin t yung adulthd.”
Anther pssible 30 may be that the wmen wh gave birth ver age 30 wuld be in their 50s at the time their children were assessed. Therefre, they are mre likely t be experiencing health prblems assciated with 31 . This culd als lead t higher levels f 32 in the children, Tearne said. Other studies have suggested that daughters are mre affected by their mther’s health prblems than sns. This culd explain why the 33 nly appears in daughters, she said.
“It is imprtant t remember, t, that the study examined symptms f distress, rather than 34
diagnsis,” said Mnique Rbinsn, PhD, f the University f Western Australia, anther authr f the study. “It culd be that the ffspring f lder mthers are at risk fr a few mre symptms f depressin, anxiety and stress, but that des nt necessarily mean they will experience a(n) 35
mental disrder.”
21. A. assciatinB. adjustmentC. supprtD. infrmatin
22. A. cnsultatinB. interventinC. assessmentD. treatment
23. A. lked atB. went afterC. respnded tD. persisted in
24. A. prmtinB. graduatinC. marriageD. birth
25. A. snsB. mthersC. daughtersD. grandchildren
26. A. tempraryB. bilgicalC. subjectiveD. psychlgical
27. A. transitinsB. difficultiesC. interactinsD. cmpetitins
28. A. valueB. bldC. educatinD. security
29. A. mistakesB. limitsC. tensinsD. distractins
30. A. exceptinB. equivalentC. fundatinD. explanatin
31. A. incmeB. prmtinC. agingD. exercising
32. A. cmmitmentB. symptmsC. expectatinsD. cnsciusness
33. A. effectB. struggleC. frictinD. imitatin
34. A. initialB. ultimateC. generalD. clinical
35. A. rareB. treatableC. diagnsableD. irreversible
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
（A）
Why, in a wrld where we technically prduce enugh fd t feed everyne, d millins f peple g t bed hungry each night? The statistics are tragic, and such a cntradictin shuld have n place in ur mdern wrld.
The UN’s secnd sustainability gal, “Zer Hunger,” is an ambitius plan t end hunger in the wrld by 2030. Hwever, the glbal scale f the hunger staggers the imaginatin, and it’s getting wrse. Accrding t Wrld Visin, as many as 828 millin peple, r 10% f the glbal ppulatin, are suffering frm fd insecurity. What are the driving frces behind this prblem f hunger?
Armed cnflict is ne. It frces peple away frm their hmes, ruins ecnmies and turns millins f peple int refugees (难民) wh becme reliant n aid and luck fr their daily needs. Extreme weather events als drive wrld hunger by destrying hmes and making farmland unusable. Finally, arund 30 percent f the wrld’s fd is lst r wasted annually. Fd lss ccurs when fd is damaged r spiled while mving thrugh the supply chain. Fd waste happens when individuals, supermarkets r restaurants buy mre fd than they need and thrw away the unnecessary.
Despite these terrible facts, Wrld Hunger Day isn’t just abut bad news. Funded in 2011 by the Hunger Prject, Wrld Hunger Day is als abut celebrating slutins that will eliminate (消除) starvatin.
In Africa, the Hunger Prject has been wrking t encurage mre sustainable and efficient farming methds. Fr example, by diversifying their crps, farmers will have healthier sil. Furthermre, since farmers need access t safe, clean water, the Hunger Prject teaches peple hw t mnitr, maintain and repair water systems. The UN Wrld Fd Prgramme aids farmers by helping them cnnect t lcal ecnmies, imprve prductin methds and reduce crp lsses. And, fr children and the weak, they prvide special nutrient-rich fds.
S what can yu d t help eliminate wrld hunger? Aside frm trying t reduce yur fd waste, keep educating yurself and thers abut the issue. Lk fr pprtunities t feed the hungry in yur wn cmmunities. Each step, each chice, and each vice can help make hunger a thing f the past.
36. By “staggers the imaginatin” in paragraph 2, the authr means _____.
A. hungry peple are mre imaginative B. the seriusness f hunger shcks peple
C. “Zer Hunger” is impssible t achieve D. the UN has predicted the scale f hunger
37. Which f the fllwing is ne f the causes f hunger accrding t the passage?
A. Sme land becmes unsuitable fr farming due t extreme weather.
B. The fd supply chain drives peple t thrw away additinal fd.
C. Wars frce refugees t give up their hmes and t destry farmland.
D. Sme areas are unable t prduce enugh fd fr lack f labur frce.
38. The UN has been dedicated t the eliminatin f starvatin by helping _____.
A. invest in lcal ecnmies B. develp new seeds fr farmers
C. increase the variety f crpsD. feed the hungry in cmmunities
39. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. The New Face f HungerB. Climate Change and Fd Crisis
C. The March Tward Zer HungerD. Hunger: Symptms, Causes, and Slutins
（B）
40. The abve infrmatin is mainly aimed at _____.
A. selling sme package tur prductsB. advising peple t travel by rail fr business
C. intrducing sme great railway jurneysD. analyzing the advantages f travelling by train
41. Ella, wh’d like t experience first-rate service and taste excellent fd n the train, is mst likely t chse _____.
A. The Rcky MuntaineerB. Eastern and Oriental Express
C. The GhanD. The Ryal Sctsman
42. What can be learned abut the fur rutes?
A. One f the rutes runs in mre than ne cuntry.
B. Winter is the recmmended seasn fr the Ghan.
C. The Rcky Muntaineer nly features natural views.
D. The Ryal Sctsman is the shrtest f the fur rutes.
（C）
In the early 1900s, French chemist, Eduard Benedictus, invented shatterprf (防碎的) glass by chance. But its significance and relevance didn’t emerge until the car market created the prblem fr which he had already fund the answer.
Such mments f serendipity reveal the unpredictable nature f innvatin. Yet, even in cases where chance plays a rle, as in Benedictus’s stry, the brader questin remains: Are such discveries truly brn f luck, r were they smehw “in the air,” waiting fr the right persn t seize them?
Sme argue all the discveries wuld have been made by ther peple. They believe if the time was ripe in cnceptual and technlgical terms, smene wuld have gt there sner r later. This is the used and abused understanding f theries that were “in the air”. Independently, Charles Darwin and Alfred R. Wallace (the latter 15 years behind Darwin) arrived at the thery f evlutin by natural selectin, bth cunting n similar data. There existed slight differences in the thery, but the cincidences f thught were astnishing. This phenmenn, which als exists in bilgical evlutin, is called cnvergence: tw nn-clsely related species develp similar functinal adaptatins. This ccurs because the envirnment pses similar survival prblems t bth, namely similar selective pressures. This is an imprtant clue that can help explain why this dynamic als exists in scientific knwledge: There are similar selective pressures and different research grups that cmpete t cme up with the slutins.
If we analyze the steps undertaken that led t the result, we can see that there were in fact sme accidental elements. The verall dynamic was nt accidental, thugh. Yet is it really pssible that all discveries were in the air?
Let us assume fr a mment that this is true and that the mst luck can d is speed up the inevitable. All scientists are standing n the shulders f the giants wh have gne befre them, and there is bjectively a cumulative (积累的) element in science. Nevertheless, at sme pint and in the right circumstances, it was the unknwn scientists, nt the giants, wh managed t see a little farther. The mind f the giant was imprisned by prir knwledge and s trapped within the framewrk f established habits, research questins, and established methds. The new, little-knwn scientist, n the ther hand, will in ne way r anther have been able t break free f the chains f established knwledge. And s it will have been pssible fr them t imagine ther wrlds. This suggests that it will be innvatrs, with their prepared minds, wh have a better chance f making accidental discveries, namely that are irregular and unexpected.
43. In paragraph 2 “serendipity” refers t _____.
A. accidental inventinB. emergence f prblems
C. late recgnitinD. chemical innvatin
44. The example f Darwin and Wallace is given t illustrate _____.
A. fierce cmpetitin amng bilgical scientists
B. the imprtant rle f similar data in intentinal research
C. independent but similar slutins under shared pressures
D. limited resurces and technlgical dependency in science
45. What advantage might lesser-knwn scientists have ver established researchers?
A. Access t advanced tls.B. Freedm frm rigid mindsets.
C. Strnger peer cperatin.D. Greater funding pprtunities.
46. Which statement best reflects the main idea f the passage?
A. All discveries are inevitable results f technlgical prgress.
B. Serendipity alne drives grundbreaking scientific achievements.
C. Traditinal methds prevent innvatin and shuld be abandned.
D. Majr breakthrughs integrate prepared minds with accidental pprtunities.
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Glbal Heating Making Extreme Rain and Disastrus Flding Mre Likely
A warming wrld is transfrming sme majr snwfalls ver muntains int extreme rain, wrsening bth dangerus flding as well as lng-term water shrtages, a new study has fund.
Using rain and snw measurements since 1950 and cmputer simulatins (模拟) fr future climate, scientists calculated that fr every degree Fahrenheit the wrld warms, extreme rainfall at higher altitude (海拔) increases by 8.3%, accrding t a study in Nature.
47 And the rain is nt cnveniently stred away like snwpack that can recharge reservirs (水库) in spring and summer. “It is nt just a far-ff prblem that is prjected t ccur in the future, but the data is actually telling us that it’s already happening and we see that in the data ver the past few decades,” said lead authr Mhammed Ombadi, a Lawrence Berkeley Natinal Labratry climate scientist.
The study lked at nly the heaviest rains each year ver six decades in the nrthern half f the Earth, finding that as altitude rse, s did rainfall. The biggest increase in rains were nticed at abut 10,000 feet. That includes much f the American west, where Ombadi said “it’s very bvius”, as well as parts f the Appalachian Muntains. 48
Abut ne in fur peple n Earth live in an area s clse t the muntains r dwnhill that extreme rain and flding wuld hit them, Ombadi said. 49 He mentined Califrnia department f agriculture estimates f $89m in crp and farm animal lsses frm this year’s extreme rains.
But in the lng term, anther prblem is water supply. In times f drught, water managers like t keep water levels high in reservirs, which they can d with heavy snwpacks because it melts slwly.
50 S as warming causes rainier extremes, sciety is ging t have t chse between cutting water use because f lw water levels in reservirs t absrb a pssible large sudden muntain runff event r build expensive new reservirs.
III. Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
51. Keys t Success in This CEO’s Eyes
As funder, chairman and CEO, Ragy Thmas has been successful in leading a cmpany frm a mere idea t a multibillin-dllar sftware cmpany. S, what are his keys t success? Thmas will tell yu it’s nt enugh t be a technlgy visinary. Yu’ve gt t have the leadership skills t match yur big ideas.
First, Thmas insists that his apprach t life in general is what ften sets him apart. “We’re a village f 7 billin peple, and where yu are is nt what makes yu happy r cntrls life, it’s hw yu apprach it.” He says this big-picture, ptimistic mindset enables him t recgnize prblematic patterns in custmer care and find ut ptential slutins. Thmas’s frward-thinking mindset als has helped him embrace the fact that rapidly advancing technlgy pens new drs thrugh which businesses and cnsumers can interact in a whle new way. By using technlgical advances, such as AI, t sift thrugh (筛选) infrmatin and integrating multiple channels f cmmunicatin int a unified platfrm, Thmas says, he’s been able t revlutinize custmer care.
Thmas says he hates failure but lves the prcess f learning that cmes after failure. When faced with the tpics f success, failure and the many risks invlved in starting a business, Thmas says, “I’ve never asked myself, ‘Why me?’ I’ve always asked myself ‘Why nt me?’” By building strnger cnnectins, easier accessibility and better custmer-facing infrastructure (基础设施), he believes that sn every cmpany n the planet will want his prduct.
These days, Thmas’s jb is less abut the daily t-ds and mre abut setting gals and empwering thers t be successful. He wants t put happiness at the cre f what he des, nt just with clients but with his wn emplyees. When speaking abut his emplyees, he says, “It’s imprtant fr me that yu d well and nt just d great wrk.”
IV. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 我表姐每次旅行回来，都会买一些有当地特色的纪念品。(Every time)
53. 如今，有些年轻人为了能够自由支配时间，选择灵活就业。(freedm)
54. 毋庸置疑，我们不可过度依赖人工智能，而应善用其作为工具，辅助我们的生活、学习和工作。(assist)
55. 为抵御台风来袭，志愿者们正顶风冒雨，挨家挨户提醒居民把盆栽搬入室内。(regardless f)
V. Guided Writing
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
56. 假设你是中华中学的学生王欣。近日，你参观了一个关于中国传统文化的展览，深受启发。你决定写一封感谢信给展览主办方，内容包括：
你参观展览的时间和感受；
展览中你最喜欢的部分及原因；
你对文化传承的看法及感谢。
注：信中不得透露你的真实信息。A. cultivate
B. dependence
C. generating
D. insufficient
E. learnable
F. predictr
G. quitting
H. restrictin
I. underlying
J. widespread
K. wind
Travelling by rail hlds a rmantic and ld-fashined appeal that can’t be matched by flying r driving. By taking the slw rute, yu get t experience and interact with an area in a cmpletely different way.
1
THE ROCKY MOUNTAINEER
Where: Canada, frm Vancuver t Banff, Jasper and Calgary.
When: In June, which is springtime in the Rckies, cmplete with beautiful flwers and plenty f wildlife.
Duratin: Between tw and eight days travelling nly in daylight, staying in luxurius htels.
Highlights: Unmatched views f the Rcky Muntains, incredible luxury at every stage f the trip, traditinal native strytelling, wine classes and natural histry wrkshps.
2
EASTERN AND ORIENTAL EXPRESS
Where: Frm Thailand, thrugh Malaysia, t Singapre.
When: April and May, fr the least wet weather.
Duratin: Trips vary frm tw t eight days.
Highlights: Yu’ll travel thrugh the heart f Sutheast Asia. Frm glden temples and rice fields t big cities, this luxurius train shwcases the best f the cuntries it passes thrugh.
3
THE GHAN
Where: Australia, frm Adelaide t Darwin via Alice Springs.
When: Ging during the wet seasn (December, January) will allw yu t see mre wildlife and trpical features in the nrth, thugh peak seasn is usually the winter.
Duratin: Ging straight thrugh takes 52 hurs. There are get-ff pints frm which yu can take turs.
Highlights: Ging thrugh Australia’s Red Centre with blue skies, red earth and nt much else — an unfrgettably beautiful and peaceful experience.
4
THE ROYAL SCOTSMAN
Where: Arund the Scttish Highlands r all the way arund Great Britain.
When: Warmer weather and up t 20 hurs f daylight in June makes it the perfect time t watch birds flying ver mirrr-like lakes, r g in Octber fr autumn clurs and the rather special deer-mating seasn.
Duratin: Trips can be as shrt as tw days r as lng as seven.
Highlights: Pssibly the mst expensive train jurney in the wrld . Yu’ll be treated like a member f the mnarchy (王室). Superb cuisine, fine wines and carriages (火车客车厢) that lk like rms at Balmral Castle await thse willing t part with a minimum f £2350 per persn fr a tw-night trip.
But they can’t d that with heavy rainfall.
He pinted ut the flding can als hurt fd prductin.
Heavy snw’s flding impact is lessened because it takes time t melt.
Anther big htspt in Asia is the Himalayas, Tian Shan and Hindu Kush muntains, with the Alps als affected.
Heavy rain in muntains causes a lt mre prblems than big snw, including flding, landslides, etc., the study fund.
These muntainus systems are supplying mst f the water, s any decreases in water supply wuld be pretty significant in terms f water management