猜押 阅读理解之议论文（按话题分类）-2025年高考英语冲刺抢押专题讲练（新高考通用）

这是一份猜押 阅读理解之议论文（按话题分类）-2025年高考英语冲刺抢押专题讲练（新高考通用），文件包含猜押阅读理解之议论文按话题分类-2025年高考英语冲刺抢押专题讲练新高考通用原卷版docx、猜押阅读理解之议论文按话题分类-2025年高考英语冲刺抢押专题讲练新高考通用解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共92页， 欢迎下载使用。

押题预测目录
一、思想哲理类
押题1
The mental pain f failure can stimulate yu t becme better at the activity in which yu lack prficiency-if yu can cnsider the unpleasant experience as an indicatr f persnal grwth. This is what researchers fund when they cnducted a field experiment at an imprvisatin (即兴表演) club. One grup f amateur imprvisers was instructed t actively seek the feeling f awkwardness. The schlars fund that, cmpared with imprvisers wh were nt given this instructin, the first grup was mre engaged in the exercise. Instead f seeing the discmfrt as smething t avid, they saw it as central t the prcess and leaned int it.
This has effects n hw t imprve rdinary life. Yu can put failure t gd use in many ther areas f life. If yu’re a student, take a class far utside yur area f skills and interests, knwing that the struggle t cpe with a very nvel challenge may imprve studying what yu d like. Enjy the difficulty f it and analyze the mistakes yu make—and yu will almst certainly find that yu're ding even better at yur preferred subject.
Emplyers can apply these principles as well. I like the “75/25 rule,” accrding t which emplyees spend three-quarters f their time n their assigned task and ne quarter helping thers utside their area. The shrt-term cst f this is frictin as peple struggle with nvelty and difficulty-and bsses shuld take care nt t make this wrse by being punitive r verly critical. But I have seen the lng-term benefit f better mtivatin in the cre assignment, as well as a better flw f infrmatin and distributin f new skills acrss different activities within an enterprise.
The embrace-failure principle can even be applied t happiness itself. Nne f us wants t be unhappy. But inviting surces f unhappiness int life can be extremely beneficial. Reslve nt t be afraid f fear, anger, r sadness. They are nrmal and natural parts f life, after all. And if yu let them, they will help yu savr (享受) the jys f life all the mre.
1．What did the experiment at the imprvisatin club find?
A．Aviding awkwardness imprved imprvisers’ creativity.
B．Actively embracing awkwardness increased engagement.
C．Prfessinal imprvisers perfrmed better than amateurs.
D．Discmfrt negatively impacted participants’ mtivatin.
2．Why des the authr advise students t take unfamiliar classes?
A．T reduce their academic pressure.
B．T increase their studying interests.
C．T avid errrs in their preferred field.
D．T indirectly strengthen their majr subjects.
3．What is the lng-term effect f the “75/25 rule”?
A．Emplyees are mre mtivated and multi-skilled.
B．Cmpetitins amng clleagues get mre intense.
C．New and difficult assignments becme effrtless.
D．Cnflicts in wrkplace disappear cmpletely.
4．Which is the best title f the text?
A．The Different Ways t Avid Failure.
B．The Advice n Hw t Seek Happiness.
C．The Benefits f Ding Things Yu’re Bad at.
D．The Reasns Why Yu’re in Negative Mds.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是议论文。主要讨论了失败的心理痛苦如何能够激励个人在缺乏熟练度的活动中变得更好，并提出了如何应用这一原则来改善日常生活、工作场所乃至追求幸福。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The mental pain f failure can stimulate yu t becme better at the activity in which yu lack prficiency-if yu can cnsider the unpleasant experience as an indicatr f persnal grwth. This is what researchers fund when they cnducted a field experiment at an imprvisatin (即兴表演) club. One grup f amateur imprvisers was instructed t actively seek the feeling f awkwardness. The schlars fund that, cmpared with imprvisers wh were nt given this instructin, the first grup was mre engaged in the exercise. Instead f seeing the discmfrt as smething t avid, they saw it as central t the prcess and leaned int it.(如果你能把不愉快的经历视为个人成长的一个指标，那么失败带来的精神痛苦可以刺激你在你不熟练的活动中变得更好。这是研究人员在一个即兴表演俱乐部进行现场实验时发现的。一组业余即兴表演者被要求积极寻找尴尬的感觉。学者们发现，与没有得到这种指导的即兴表演者相比，第一组人更投入到练习中。他们没有把不舒服看作是要避免的事情，而是把它看作是过程的核心，并倾向于它)”可知，即兴表演俱乐部的实验发现了积极地接受尴尬会增加参与度。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“If yu’re a student, take a class far utside yur area f skills and interests, knwing that the struggle t cpe with a very nvel challenge may imprve studying what yu d like. Enjy the difficulty f it and analyze the mistakes yu make—and yu will almst certainly find that yu're ding even better at yur preferred subject.(如果你是一名学生，参加一门与你的技能和兴趣领域相去甚远的课程，要知道努力应对一个非常新奇的挑战可能会促进你学习自己喜欢的东西。享受它的难度，分析你犯的错误——你几乎肯定会发现你在你喜欢的科目上做得更好)”可知，作者建议学生选修不熟悉的课程，因为可以间接加强他们的主要科目。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“I like the “75/25 rule,” accrding t which emplyees spend three-quarters f their time n their assigned task and ne quarter helping thers utside their area. The shrt-term cst f this is frictin as peple struggle with nvelty and difficulty-and bsses shuld take care nt t make this wrse by being punitive r verly critical. But I have seen the lng-term benefit f better mtivatin in the cre assignment, as well as a better flw f infrmatin and distributin f new skills acrss different activities within an enterprise.(我喜欢“75/25规则”，根据该规则，员工将四分之三的时间花在分配给他们的任务上，四分之一的时间用来帮助他们领域之外的其他人。这样做的短期成本是摩擦，因为人们在与新鲜事物和困难作斗争——老板们应该小心，不要因为惩罚或过度批评而使情况变得更糟。但是，我已经看到了在核心任务中更好的激励，以及在企业内不同活动中更好的信息流和新技能分配的长期好处)”可知，“75/25规则”的长期影响是员工更有动力，技能也更丰富。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The embrace-failure principle can even be applied t happiness itself. Nne f us wants t be unhappy. But inviting surces f unhappiness int life can be extremely beneficial. Reslve nt t be afraid f fear, anger, r sadness. They are nrmal and natural parts f life, after all. And if yu let them, they will help yu savr (享受) the jys f life all the mre.(拥抱失败的原则甚至可以应用于幸福本身。没有人想要不快乐。但是把不快乐的来源引入生活是非常有益的。下定决心不要害怕恐惧、愤怒或悲伤。毕竟，它们是生活中正常而自然的一部分。如果你让他们这样做，他们会帮助你更好地享受生活的乐趣)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了失败的心理痛苦如何能够激励个人在缺乏熟练度的活动中变得更好，所以C项“做你不擅长的事情的好处”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。
押题2
What if everything happens fr a reasn? Burnt tast thery, a mdern view n this classic idea, suggests that every little incnvenience we experience in ur day-t-day lives happens fr a bigger reasn.
Imagine yu accidentally burn yur tast befre leaving fr wrk. Accrding t burnt tast thery, this tiny incnvenience can cause a dmin effect (多米诺效应). Yur mrning gets delayed by three t five minutes—just enugh time t leave the huse later than usual and avid a ptential car accident. Or perhaps yu catch a later train, missing an awkward encunter with smene yu dn’t intend t see. Yu might even meet smene new whm yu wuldn’t have therwise met, leading t a friendship r rmantic cnnectin.
When we feel like things are utside ur cntrl, that can be scary. The burnt tast thery can help sme peple let g f their need fr cntrl and take negative situatins mre psitively.
Hwever, while maintaining a psitive mindset can be beneficial, ver-ptimism can lead t “pisnus psitivity”. When we nly allw urselves t fcus n psitive thughts, we are denying urselves the chance t prperly deal with challenges and difficult situatins t better urselves, fcusing n creating a false psitive façade (假象) instead. By cnstantly aviding negative experiences, we might ignre their real impact n us and fail t acknwledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel wrse abut urselves, and may lead t pushing dwn negative feelings r experiences, and refusing t acknwledge r deal with them fully.
Instead f fcusing purely n psitive thinking, wrking twards develping a grwth mindset may be mre helpful. Yu dn’t always have t lk fr life’s silver linings, r even the meaning behind a little burnt tast. Smetimes things happen, and they suck. But as lng as we take time t acknwledge hw these things make us feel, and recgnize that we can’t always cntrl everything arund us, we can still wrk twards imprving urselves, and hw we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters.
1．What can be inferred frm the burnt tast thery?
A．Life is a prcess, nt destinatin.B．Lst in the east, gained in the west.
C．Life is full f endless challenges.D．Lst time will never be fund again.
2．Which can be an utcme frm “pisnus psitivity”?
A．Lss f chances t grw.B．Failure t acknwledge thers.
C．Inability t cntrl emtins.D．Decline in physical health.
3．Which can be seen as a grwth mindset mentined in the last paragraph?
A．Finding reasns fr failure.
B．Aviding pushing thers t hard.
C．Accepting life and making it better.
D．Keeping a psitive mindset and wrking hard.
4．Which is the best pssible title fr the text?
A．Bum Tast Thery: Find a True Self
B．Bum Tast Thery: Lead a Psitive Life
C．Burn Tast Thery: Mre than Psitivity
D．Burn Tast Thery: Hw t Live Actively
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了烤焦面包理论及其相关思考，指出相较于单纯积极思考，培养成长型思维模式更有益，要正视事情带来的感受，认识到无法掌控一切，努力提升应对意外挑战的能力。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Imagine yu accidentally burn yur tast befre leaving fr wrk. Accrding t burnt tast thery, this tiny incnvenience can cause a dmin effect(多米诺效应). Yur mrning gets delayed by three t five minutes—just enugh time t leave the huse later than usual and avid a ptential car accident. Or perhaps yu catch a later train, missing an awkward encunter with smene yu dn’t intend t see. Yu might even meet smene new whm yu wuldn’t have therwise met, leading t a friendship r rmantic cnnectin.(想象一下，在你上班前不小心把面包烤焦了。根据烤焦面包理论，这个小小的不便可能会引发多米诺效应。你的早晨会因此延迟三到五分钟——而这恰好让你比平常晚些出门，从而避开了一场可能发生的车祸。又或者，你会搭乘晚一班的火车，错过与某个你不想见到的人的尴尬碰面。你甚至可能会结识一个原本不会认识的新朋友，进而发展出一段友谊或浪漫的关系。)”可知，根据烤焦面包理论，比如不小心烤焦面包这种看似不好的小事情，可能会引发一系列连锁反应，带来意想不到的好结果，像避开一场潜在的车祸、错过不想见的人或者结识新朋友等。这体现了“失之东隅，收之桑榆”的道理，即虽然在一方面有所损失，却在另一方面有所收获。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“When we nly allw urselves t fcus n psitive thughts, we are denying urselves the chance t prperly deal with challenges and difficult situatins t better urselves, fcusing n creating a false psitive facade(假象)instead. By cnstantly aviding negative experiences, we might ignre their real impact n us and fail t acknwledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel wrse abut urselves, and may lead t pushing dwn negative feelings r experiences, and refusing t acknwledge r deal with them fully.(当我们只允许自己关注积极的想法时，我们其实是在剥夺自己妥善应对挑战和困境、让自己变得更好的机会，取而代之的是专注于营造一种虚假的积极表象。通过不断地回避负面经历，我们可能会忽视它们对我们产生的真正影响，并且在自己陷入挣扎时也无法察觉。这会让我们对自己感觉更糟糕，还可能导致我们压抑负面情绪或经历，拒绝全面地认识和处理它们。)”可知，当陷入“有毒的积极心态”时，我们只关注积极想法，会剥夺自己妥善应对挑战和困境、让自己变得更好的机会，专注于营造一种虚假的积极表象。由此可知，“有毒的积极心态”可能导致的结果是失去成长的机会。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Instead f fcusing purely n psitive thinking, wrking twards develping a grwth mindset may be mre helpful. Yu dn’t always have t lk fr life’s silver linings, r even the meaning behind a little burnt tast. Smetimes things happen, and they suck. But as lng as we take time t acknwledge hw these things make us feel, and recgnize that we can’t always cntrl everything arund us, we can still wrk twards imprving urselves, and hw we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters.(与其单纯地专注于积极思考，努力培养一种成长型思维模式或许会更有帮助。你并非总是需要去寻找生活中的一线希望，甚至是一片烤焦面包背后的意义。有时候事情就是发生了，而且很糟糕。但只要我们花时间去正视这些事情给我们带来的感受，并且认识到我们无法总是掌控身边的一切，我们仍然能够努力提升自己，改进我们应对生活中意外挑战的方式——而这才是真正重要的。)”可知，培养成长型思维模式不是单纯地专注于积极思考，不必总是去寻找生活中的积极面，当事情糟糕时，我们要正视这些事情带给我们的感受，认识到我们无法控制周围的一切，并且努力提升自己以及处理生活中意外挑战的能力。由此可知，最后一段提到的成长型思维模式的是接受生活并让它变得更好。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇引入烤焦面包理论，即生活中的小不便背后有更大原因，接着阐述该理论能帮助人们以更积极的态度看待负面情况，随后指出过度乐观导致的 “有毒的积极心态” 的危害，强调不能单纯专注于积极思考，最后提出培养成长型思维模式更有益，要正视生活中的各种情况并努力提升应对能力。选项C“Burn Tast Thery: Mre than Psitivity(烤焦面包理论：不仅仅是积极心态)”既包含了烤焦面包理论能带来积极看待事情的一面，又指出了不能仅仅局限于积极心态，还需要应对生活中的各种情况，培养成长型思维，全面地概括了文章的主旨。故选C。
押题3
Scrates declared that the unexamined life wasn’t wrth living fr a human being, implying that we shuld attempt t knw urselves, t think thrugh ur actins, chices, prejudices and attitudes. But when it cmes t thinking abut ur wn happiness and what makes ur lives g well, it really des seem that this reflective attitude can ruin ur chances f finding what we seek.
Perhaps it’s nt surprising that we are better designed fr engaging in ther activities than reflecting n hw best t achieve ur wn happiness and well-being. Ding things that enhance ur grwth in physical, scial and intellectual areas tends t bring the reward f feeling gd, and s stimulates us further t pursue thse activities. Sitting arund reflecting n what will make us happy is a lt less efficient than chasing the things that make us happy, and if we think t much, there is an pprtunity cst - time that we culd have spent in a wrthwhile activity has gne while we were thinking deeply abut the best way t develp.
The philspher David has written abut the rle f reflective thinking in sprts. One f his bservatins is that while sprts peple need t think abut the basic actins they are perfrming, it can be cunterprductive t start thinking abut the elements making up thse actins. A ftballer needs t think abut kicking the ball lw and hard t the left f the galkeeper, but nt t verthink the mechanics f the precise small mvements f legs and feet that prduce that utcme. If he r she des start this srt f thught prcess, it very ften leads t a prer sht. What’s needed is a kind f autmatic respnse t the situatin.
Perhaps smething similar is ging n in ur life. Thse peple wh start detailed prgrams f self-develpment in varius dimensins, fcusing n diet, habits, exercise, mental activity, wrk utput, and s n, are like the ftballer thinking thrugh the small muscle mvements. Perhaps their well-meaning self-reflectin n their wn develpment and hw they want t achieve it, is the very thing that will make a high level f develpment frever unbtainable fr them.
1．What may cause an pprtunity cst?
A．Spending time n wrthy activities.
B．Jining in scial meetings actively.
C．Getting stuck in much self-reflectin.
D．Ding physical exercises efficiently.
2．What des the underlined wrd “cunterprductive” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Ineffective.B．Meaningless.C．Cnstructive. D．Prfitable.
3．What des the authr suggest readers d t achieve their gals?
A．Make a cmprehensive plan.B．Adpt a direct apprach.
C．Think carefully befre actin.D．Attach imprtance t details.
4．What is a suitable title fr this text?
A．The Risk f OverthinkingB．The Key t Well-being
C．The Way t Think ReflectivelyD．The Methd t Develp Yurself
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了反思性思考在追求个人幸福和成功方面的作用及其局限性。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Sitting arund reflecting n what will make us happy is a lt less efficient than chasing the things that make us happy, and if we think t much, there is an pprtunity cst - time that we culd have spent in a wrthwhile activity has gne while we were thinking deeply abut the best way t develp. (坐下来思考什么能让我们快乐比追求让我们快乐的事情效率低得多，如果我们想得太多，就会有机会成本——我们本可以花在有价值的活动上的时间，却在我们深入思考发展的最佳方式时浪费了。)”可知，陷入过多的自我反省可能导致机会成本。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。根据后文“A ftballer needs t think abut kicking the ball lw and hard t the left f the galkeeper, but nt t verthink the mechanics f the precise small mvements f legs and feet that prduce that utcme. If he r she des start this srt f thught prcess, it very ften leads t a prer sht. (一名足球运动员需要考虑把球踢得又低又猛，踢到守门员的左边，但不要过多地考虑腿部和脚部精确的微小运动所产生的效果。如果他或她确实开始了这种思维过程，那通常会导致射球不佳。)”可知，如果运动员过多地考虑腿部和脚部精确的微小运动所产生的效果，会产生反效果，推知cunterprductive应是“产生相反效果”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhaps smething similar is ging n in ur life. Thse peple wh start detailed prgrams f self-develpment in varius dimensins, fcusing n diet, habits, exercise, mental activity, wrk utput, and s n, are like the ftballer thinking thrugh the small muscle mvements. Perhaps their well-meaning self-reflectin n their wn develpment and hw they want t achieve it, is the very thing that will make a high level f develpment frever unbtainable fr them. (也许类似的事情正在我们的生活中发生。那些在饮食、习惯、运动、心理活动、工作输出等各个方面开始详细的自我发展计划的人，就像足球运动员通过小肌肉运动思考问题一样。也许他们对自身发展和如何实现发展的善意反思，正是使他们永远无法获得高水平发展的原因。)”可推知，作者建议读者采用直接的方法来实现他们的目标。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scrates declared that the unexamined life wasn’t wrth living fr a human being, implying that we shuld attempt t knw urselves, t think thrugh ur actins, chices, prejudices and attitudes. But when it cmes t thinking abut ur wn happiness and what makes ur lives g well, it really des seem that this reflective attitude can ruin ur chances f finding what we seek. (苏格拉底宣称，未经检验的生活不值得一个人活下去，这意味着我们应该尝试了解自己，通过我们的行为、选择、偏见和态度来思考。但是，当我们思考自己的幸福以及是什么让我们的生活变得美好时，这种反思的态度似乎真的会破坏我们找到我们所寻求的东西的机会。)”可知，本文主要讲述过度思考的风险，所以A项“过度思考的风险”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
二、人工智能类 (批判性思维)
押题1
Since the dawn f human histry, innvatin has been a balancing act f wnder and fear. Frm the discvery f fire t the first flights f airplanes, each technlgical breakthrugh has prmised t enhance human abilities while simultaneusly (同时) causing risks. Fire culd warm us r destry us; airplanes culd cnnect us r be turned int tls f war. Yet thrugh all these advancements, ne cnstant has remained: human cgnitin (认知) , the unique spark f thught and creativity that has shaped ur prgress.
But tday, smething is different. Fr the first time in histry, human cgnitin itself is at risk f being ut-f-date. With the rise f artificial intelligence (AI), we are n lnger just building tls t enhance ur abilities; we are building systems that may be superir t ur very capacity t think, create, and innvate. This shift desn’t just cmpletely change industries, but it als challenges the cre f what makes us human.
In past innvatins, technlgies functined as extensins f human abilities. The airplanes enlarged ur physical reach, the Internet expanded ur access t infrmatin, and cmputers increased ur ability t cmpute. These tls were clearly under human cntrl, perating within the bundaries we set.
Hwever, AI is fundamentally different. It perates in the range f cgnitin, nt merely cnducting tasks, but als learning, reasning, and even generating creative cntent. Frm writing news articles t diagnsing diseases, AI systems are perfrming tasks nce thught t require uniquely human judgment. What happens when machines can think better than we can? And, mre imprtantly, what des it mean t be human in an age when ur intellectual strength is n lnger guaranteed?
Histrically, we’ve accepted bslescence (过时) as part f the cycle f innvatin and, in mst situatins, embraced it. Outdated tls shuld be abandned, and new nes take their place. But when the “tl” at risk f bslescence is human cgnitin itself, we enter unknwn area. AI’s capacity t ptentially utd ur intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak psitin, ne where we must cnfrnt ur wn limitatins.
1．What can we infer frm the first paragraph?
A．One gd turn deserves anther.B．Take things as they cme.
C．Dn’t put the cart befre the hrse.D．Every cin has tw sides.
2．What des the authr mean by saying “But tday, smething is different” in paragraph 2?
A．Human cgnitin starts t be utdated.B．Wnder and fear have lst balance.
C．Human cgnitin has reached a ceiling.D．Creativity has shaped ur prgress.
3．Hw is the main idea presented in the text?
A．By telling stries.B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving examples.D．By applying inferences.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards the rise f artificial intelligence?
A．Cncerned.B．Skeptical.C．Psitive.D．Unclear.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章指出历史上技术突破利弊共存，如今 AI 使人类认知面临过时风险，引发对人类地位和未来的担忧。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Frm the discvery f fire t the first flights f airplanes, each technlgical breakthrugh has prmised t enhance human abilities while simultaneusly causing risks. Fire culd warm us r destry us; airplanes culd cnnect us r be turned int tls f war. (从火的发现到飞机的首次飞行，每一项技术突破都在承诺提升人类能力的同时带来了风险。火可以温暖我们，也可以毁灭我们；飞机可以让我们彼此相连，也可以变成战争工具。)”可知，技术突破既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面，这体现了事物都有两面性。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Fr the first time in histry, human cgnitin itself is at risk f being ut-f-date. (历史上第一次，人类认知本身面临过时的风险。)” 可知，作者说“But tday, smething is different”指的是人类认知开始面临过时的情况。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章中通过列举“Frm the discvery f fire t the first flights f airplanes (从火的发现到飞机的首次飞行)”“The airplanes enlarged ur physical reach, the Internet expanded ur access t infrmatin, and cmputers increased ur ability t cmpute. (飞机扩大了我们的活动范围，互联网增加了我们获取信息的途径，计算机提高了我们的计算能力。)”等例子，来阐述不同技术的特点以及人工智能与以往技术的不同，从而呈现文章的主旨。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“What happens when machines can think better than we can? And, mre imprtantly, what des it mean t be human in an age when ur intellectual strength is n lnger guaranteed? (当机器比我们更会思考时会发生什么？更重要的是，在一个我们的智力优势不再有保障的时代，作为人类意味着什么？)”以及最后一段“AI’s capacity t ptentially utd ur intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak psitin, ne where we must cnfrnt ur wn limitatins. (人工智能有可能超越我们的智力才能，这使人类处于劣势，在这种情况下我们必须正视自己的局限性。)”可知，作者对人工智能的崛起表示担忧。故选A项。
押题2
The ptential fr AI like ChatGPT t affect hw humans interact with cmputers and transfrm jbs has left many cmpany leaders head-scratching. As with ther breakthrughs in AI, ChatGPT raises big questins abut hw AI wuld impact jbs.
We believe that leading cmpanies shuld neither attempt t autmate human jbs nr wait n the sidelines until the shrtcmings f AI are irned ut. Instead, cmpanies shuld take a mre strategic apprach t make AI psitively influence jbs.
Custmer service prvides an instructive case in pint f the ways AI will transfrm — nt wipe ut — jbs. Fr example, we fund that the wrk fr custmer service representatives culd be brken dwn int 13 existing tasks. We then analyzed hw AI might affect each f thse tasks. Fur f the tasks like directing rganizatinal activities remained unchanged and culd be perfrmed entirely by humans. Fur repetitive tasks, including fixing the prices f gds and services and cllecting payments, culd be fully autmated. Five tasks culd be upgraded t help humans wrk mre effectively. And five new, high-value tasks emerge. Human, autmated, updated, and emergent tasks — these are the elements f a new mix f tasks arund which cmpanies shuld redesign human jbs t get the greatest advantage frm AI.
Instead f being dminated by AI, peple are guiding them by human experience and knwledge. In fact, the develpers f ChatGPT are cntinuing t refine it based n hw peple are using it nline. As ne f ChatGPT's develpers pinted ut, “This is ChatGPT's secret sauce. The basic idea is t take a large language mdel with a tendency t pur ut anything it wants ... and tune it by teaching it what kinds f respnses human users actually prefer.”
1．What des the underlined wrd “head-scratching” mean in paragraph 1?
A．Excited.B．Cnfused.C．Relieved.D．Frightened.
2．What change will AI bring t the custmer service department?
A．The department aims t replace human wrkers with AI.
B．Mst tasks in the department will remain untuched by AI.
C．Staff in the department are expected t determine prduct prices.
D．AI can lead t nvel rles fr human emplyees.
3．Why des the authr mentin the wrds f a develper f ChatGPT in paragraph 4?
A．T prve that a large language mdel is the key t ChatGPT's success.
B．T shw that ChatGPT will be capable f speaking anything.
C．T supprt that AI shuld remain under human cntrl and guidance.
D．T supprt that AI will be smarter than humans in cmmunicatin.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．AI: Beauty r Beast?B．ChatGPT’s Secret t Success
C．AI Will Enrich — Nt Erase — Human JbsD．Clear Divisins f Tasks in Custmer Service
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人工智能，如Chat GPT，对工作岗位的影响，强调AI不会取代人类工作，而是改变其工作方式。通过分析客户服务领域，文章提出企业应通过战略性设计，利用AI增强和升级工作任务，推动工作转型。
1．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“As with ther breakthrughs in AI, ChatGPT raises big questins abut hw AI wuld impact jbs.(与人工智能的其他突破一样，ChatGPT提出了人工智能将如何影响就业的重大问题)”可知，ChatGPT提出了人工智能将如何影响就业的重大问题，说明人工智能让许多公司领导人感到困惑，故划线词head-scratching意为“让人疑惑的”。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Five tasks culd be upgraded t help humans wrk mre effectively. And five new, high-value tasks emerge. Human, autmated, updated, and emergent tasks — these are the elements f a new mix f tasks arund which cmpanies shuld redesign human jbs t get the greatest advantage frm AI.(有五项任务可以升级，以帮助人类更有效地工作。然后出现了五种新的高价值任务。人工、自动化、更新和紧急任务——这些是新任务组合的要素，公司应该围绕这些要素重新设计人类的工作，以从人工智能中获得最大的优势)”可知，人工智能可以为人类员工带来新的角色。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Instead f being dminated by AI, peple are guiding them by human experience and knwledge.(人们不再被人工智能所支配，而是用人类的经验和知识来引导它们)”可知，作者在第4段提到了ChatGPT的开发者的话是为了支持人工智能应该继续处于人类的控制和指导之下。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“We believe that leading cmpanies shuld neither attempt t autmate human jbs nr wait n the sidelines until the shrtcmings f AI are irned ut. Instead, cmpanies shuld take a mre strategic apprach t make AI psitively influence jbs.(我们认为，领先的公司既不应该试图将人类的工作自动化，也不应该坐等人工智能的缺点得到解决。相反，企业应该采取更具战略性的方法，让人工智能对就业产生积极影响)”结合文章探讨了人工智能，如Chat GPT，对工作岗位的影响，强调A I不会取代人类工作，而是改变其工作方式。通过分析客户服务领域，文章提出企业应通过战略性设计，利用AI增强和升级工作任务，推动工作转型。故最适合的标题应该是C项“人工智能将丰富而不是消除人类的工作”。故选C。
押题3
A lt f my friends are deeply wrried abut artificial intelligence, while acknwledging the pssible benefits. Many fears abut AI are based n an underestimatin f the human mind. Sme peple seem t believe that the mind is like a cmputer. It’s all just infrmatin prcessing, algrithms (算法) all the way dwn, s f curse machines are ging t eventually vertake us.
This is a pr view f wh we humans are. The Canadian schlar Michael Ignatieff expressed a much mre accurate view f the human mind: “What we d is nt prcessing. It is nt cmputatin. It is nt data analysis. It is a human activity that is a cmplex cmbinatin f cnscius (有意识的) and uncnscius, lgical and emtinal reflectin.”
The human mind isn’t just predicting the next wrd in a sentence; it develped t lve and bnd with thers; t seek the kind f wisdm that is held in the bdy; t seek and create meaning. AI can cpy human thught because it can take all the ideas that human beings have prduced and prduce them int strings f wrds r cllectins f images that make sense t us. But that desn’t mean the AI “mind” is like the human mind. The AI “mind” lacks understanding, self-awareness, emtins, mral feelings and a unique wrldview based n a lifetime f distinct and never t be repeated experiences.
AI is a different kind f intelligence, mre pwerful than us in sme ways, but narrwer. It’s helping peple handle bring tasks. It’s prbably ging t be a fantastic tutr, which will transfrm educatin and help humans all arund the wrld learn mre. But AI’s ultimate accmplishment will be t remind us wh we are by revealing what it can’t d. It will frce us t duble dwn n all the activities that make us distinctly human: taking care f each ther, being a gd teammate, reading deeply, explring daringly, grwing spiritually, finding kindred spirits (志趣相投者) and having a gd time.
1．What des the authr intend t emphasize by quting Michael Ignatieff?
A．The ptential threats f artificial intelligence.
B．The gradual replaceability f human thught.
C．The infrmatin prcessing f the human mind.
D．The unique nature f human mental activity.
2．Hw des the authr develp the third paragraph?
A．By giving an exact definitin.B．By making detailed cntrasts.
C．By listing specific data.D．By analyzing cause and effect.
3．What des the authr think AI will finally d?
A．Remind us f the human limitatins.B．Replace human beings in aspects f life.
C．Encurage us t fcus n learning activities.D．Enhance ur understanding f human nature.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Can AI Think fr Itself?B．D We Need t Resist AI?
C．Will AI Threaten Humanity?D．Is AI Age Welcme?
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了很多人担心人工智能会带来威胁，作者认为这种担心是基于对人类思维的低估。通过引用学者的观点和对比人类思维与人工智能的不同，作者指出人工智能虽然在某些方面强大，但与人类思维有本质区别，其最终作用是让人们更加关注那些体现人类独特性的活动。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The Canadian schlar Michael Ignatieff expressed a much mre accurate view f the human mind: “What we d is nt prcessing. It is nt cmputatin. It is nt data analysis. It is a human activity that is a cmplex cmbinatin f cnscius (有意识的) and uncnscius, lgical and emtinal reflectin.”(加拿大学者迈克尔·伊格纳蒂夫（Michael Ignatieff）对人类思维的看法要准确得多：“我们所做的不是处理。这不是计算。这不是数据分析。它是一种人类活动，是有意识和无意识、逻辑和情感反映的复杂结合。”)”可知，作者引用 Michael Ignatieff 的话是为了强调人类思维活动不是简单的处理、计算或数据分析，而是有意识和无意识、逻辑和情感反思的复杂组合，突出了人类思维活动的独特性。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中，作者先指出“The human mind isn’t just predicting the next wrd in a sentence; it develped t lve and bnd with thers; t seek the kind f wisdm that is held in the bdy; t seek and create meaning.(人类的大脑不只是预测句子中的下一个单词；它发展为爱和与他人的联系；寻求身体所蕴藏的智慧；寻找和创造意义)”，这说明了人类思维的特点；接着又说“AI can cpy human thught because it can take all the ideas that human beings have prduced and prduce them int strings f wrds r cllectins f images that make sense t us. But that desn’t mean the AI ‘mind’ is like the human mind. The AI ‘mind’ lacks understanding, self-awareness, emtins, mral feelings and a unique wrldview based n a lifetime f distinct and never t be repeated experiences.( 人工智能可以复制人类的思想，因为它可以将人类产生的所有想法转化为对我们有意义的单词串或图像集。但这并不意味着人工智能的“思维”就像人类的思维。人工智能“头脑”缺乏理解、自我意识、情感、道德感受和基于一生独特且永远不会重复的经历的独特世界观)”将人工智能的“思维”与人类思维进行对比，阐述了人工智能的“思维”虽然能复制人类思想，但缺乏人类思维所具有的理解、自我意识、情感、道德感和独特的世界观等。由此推知，作者是通过详细的对比来展开第三段的。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But AI’s ultimate accmplishment will be t remind us wh we are by revealing what it can’t d. It will frce us t duble dwn n all the activities that make us distinctly human: taking care f each ther, being a gd teammate, reading deeply, explring daringly, grwing spiritually, finding kindred spirits(志趣相投者) and having a gd time.( 但人工智能的最终成就将是通过揭示它不能做什么来提醒我们，我们是谁。它将迫使我们加倍投入所有使我们成为人类的活动：互相照顾，成为一个好队友，深入阅读，大胆探索，精神成长，找到志同道合的人，享受美好时光)”可知，作者认为人工智能的最终成就将是通过揭示它不能做的事情来提醒我们人类的本质，促使我们更加关注那些使我们成为独特人类的活动，从而增强我们对人性的理解。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“A lt f my friends are deeply wrried abut artificial intelligence, while acknwledging the pssible benefits. Many fears abut AI are based n an underestimatin f the human mind. Sme peple seem t believe that the mind is like a cmputer. It’s all just infrmatin prcessing, algrithms(算法) all the way dwn, s f curse machines are ging t eventually vertake us.( 我的很多朋友都对人工智能深感担忧，同时也承认它可能带来的好处。许多对人工智能的担忧都是基于对人类思维的低估。有些人似乎认为大脑就像一台电脑。这一切都只是信息处理，算法，所以当然机器最终会超过我们)”可知，文章开篇提到很多人担心人工智能，接着阐述了人类思维的独特性以及人工智能与人类思维的区别，最后说明人工智能的最终作用，整体围绕人工智能是否会威胁人类这一话题展开讨论。由此可知，“人工智能会威胁人类吗？”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C项。
三、心理学类
押题1
A beautiful piece f music was playing n the radi. I did nt knw what it was, and I started listening carefully, but then I nticed my mind wandering as if t wn the music. It was like it was nt enugh fr me just t enjy the mment. I needed t memrize, understand, and analyze what I was hearing t capture that mment. And in ding this, I was n lnger enjying it. What stpped me frm enjying the music?
In asking that questin, I remembered the humanistic psychlgist Erich Frmm. In his classic bk T Have r T Be? he wrte abut “having” and “being” as tw different mindsets r attitudes twards life. Frmm described hw having was a dminant cultural mindset and ultimately at the rt f many f ur persnal and scial prblems.
The having mindset is s deeply ingrained within us that it can take ver and push ur being ut f the way. The having mindset raises an essential prblem fr humanity. Frmm writes abut hw it cmes frm ur materialistic culture in which having as a mindset is priritized ver a being mindset.
It ften seems that mst f us treat life as if we were just playing a giant game f Mnply (大富翁) in real time. Wh can cllect the mst wealth and prperty and explit (剥削) the ther players? It is a game in which we learn t value nly what brings us mnetary gain. We truly need s little in the way f material things t be cntented in life. We need a sense f purpse, meaning, relatinships, gd health, and the resurces t be safe and secure.
It feels like we have n chice but t live as if we were the pieces n a Mnply bard. But we can be aware f the chices we make in life and begin t adjust ur lives either dwn the path f having r being. That way, we can learn t enjy a piece f music withut needing t buy it, g fr a walk, and appreciate the wildflwers withut picking them.
1．What can be inferred abut the authr frm the first paragraph?
A．He didn’t like music.B．He liked analyzing music ccasinally.
C．He failed t enjy the music.D．He listened t music casually.
2．What des the underlined wrd “ingrained” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Rted.B．Affected.C．Imagined.D．Discvered.
3．What’s the authr’s attitude twards “having” mindset?
A．Interested.B．Oppsed.C．Psitive.D．Uncncerned.
4．What des the authr advise us t d?
A．Play the game f Mnply.B．Change ur mindsets in life.
C．Aim high and seek yur frtune.D．Find life purpse and help thers.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4.B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者由听音乐的经历引出心理学家弗洛姆关于“拥有”和“存在”两种心态的观点，指出“拥有”心态的问题并建议人们做出改变。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I did nt knw what it was, and I started listening carefully, but then I nticed my mind wandering as if t wn the music. It was like it was nt enugh fr me just t enjy the mment. I needed t memrize, understand, and analyze what I was hearing t capture that mment. And in ding this, I was n lnger enjying it.(我不知道那是什么音乐，于是开始认真聆听，但随后我注意到自己的思绪开始飘移，好像想要占有这首音乐。仅仅享受当下对我来说似乎还不够。我需要记住、理解并分析我所听到的内容，以抓住那一刻。而这样做的时候，我就不再享受音乐了)”可推知，作者因为想要记住、理解和分析音乐，结果无法享受音乐了。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。划线词所在句“The having mindset is s deeply ingrained within us that it can take ver and push ur being ut f the way.(“拥有”心态在我们内心如此ingrained，以至于它可以占据主导地位，把我们的“存在”心态挤到一边)”中“”是固定句型，that引导结果状语从句，由“it can take ver and push ur being ut f the way”可推知，“拥有”心态对我们影响很深，如同扎根在我们内心一样，所以才导致“存在”心态挤到一边。故划线词“ingrained”意为“根深蒂固的”，与“Rted”意思相近。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Frmm described hw having was a dminant cultural mindset and ultimately at the rt f many f ur persnal and scial prblems.(弗洛姆描述了“拥有”是一种占主导地位的文化心态，并且最终是我们许多个人和社会问题的根源)”、第三段中“The having mindset raises an essential prblem fr humanity.(“拥有”心态给人类带来了一个根本性的问题)”和最后一段中“That way, we can learn t enjy a piece f music withut needing t buy it, g fr a walk, and appreciate the wildflwers withut picking them.(这样，我们就可以学会欣赏一段音乐而不需要购买它，去散步，欣赏野花而不需要采摘)”可知，作者引用弗洛姆的观点，说明“拥有”心态会给个人和社会带来问题，同时建议人们学会欣赏而不是去拥有。由此推知，作者对“拥有”心态持反对态度。故选B项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But we can be aware f the chices we make in life and begin t adjust ur lives either dwn the path f having r being.That way, we can learn t enjy a piece f music withut needing t buy it, g fr a walk, and appreciate the wildflwers withut picking them.(但是我们可以意识到我们在生活中所做的选择，并开始调整我们的生活，要么走向“拥有”的道路，要么走向“存在”的道路。这样，我们就可以学会欣赏一段音乐而不需要购买它，去散步，欣赏野花而不需要采摘)”可知，作者建议人们学会欣赏而不是去拥有，这是建议我们改变生活中的心态。故选B项。
押题2
Cnsider the hierarchy (层次) f needs prpsed in 1943 by the psychlgist Abraham Maslw. Maslw believed that peple tend t fcus n meeting their needs in a particular rder f urgency. We start with survival needs such as fd, shelter, and safety. Once these have been met, we turn ur attentin t scial and emtinal needs, such as lve and belnging. Finally, we fcus n higher-rder needs such as self-actualizatin — in ther wrds, lking fr life’s meaning.
Of these three levels, mney is nly truly helpful fr the first. This is why ecnmists ften find that well-being desn’t imprve much nce a persn reaches the relatively humble financial means that meet thse needs. The “middle needs” f lve and belnging — family, friends, rmance — can’t be met with mney, and pursuing mney with t much gust can even result in unexpected cnsequences.
Fcusing t much n mney is actively ppsed t Maslw’s highest-level needs, because ding s can lead peple int a trap that researchers call “financial cntingency f self-wrth,” which happens when a persn’s self-esteem is cnditinal n his r her financial success.
This might explain why stress levels are high bth when mney is tight and when peple reach higher incme levels. A 2018 survey cnducted by LinkedIn fund that stress at wrk falls when peple earn mre than $50,000, but then starts t rise significantly when peple earn abve $200,000. One reasn fr the stress amng high earners is their neglect (忽略) f relatinships, accrding t sme researchers.
Perhaps yur parents always put a lt f pressure n yu t succeed financially, r yu tend t be insecure abut yur self-wrth and rely a lt n scial cmparisn. One way r anther, yu might be measuring yurself in mney, and withut realizing it, hping that at sme pint yu will be “expensive” enugh t earn thers’ lve and respect. Yur instincts (直觉) might be telling yu t earn mre, mre, mre in rder t find peace and satisfactin. Yur instincts are lying, and yu culd get much happier by reassessing yur pririties.
1．What is the primary rle f mney accrding t Maslw’s hierarchy f needs?
A．It ensures a sense f safety.B．It satisfies all levels f needs.
C．It is crucial fr self-actualizatin.D．It is mst effective fr basic survival needs.
2．What des “gust” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Resistance.B．Enthusiasm.C．Indifference.D．Hesitatin.
3．Why might pursuing mney excessively lead t stress even at higher incme levels?
A．It leads t a cnstant need fr financial grwth.
B．It cmplicates financial chices fr the wealthy.
C．It may vershadw scial and emtinal bnds.
D．It increases the pressure t maintain high incme.
4．What is the authr’s view n using mney as a measure f self-wrth?
A．It’s a natural respnse.B．It’s a reasnable pursuit.
C．It’s a ntable miscnceptin.D．It’s a temprary phase in persnal grwth.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了心理学家马斯洛的需求层次理论，以及金钱在满足人类需求中的作用。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“We start with survival needs such as fd, shelter, and safety. Once these have been met, we turn ur attentin t scial and emtinal needs, such as lve and belnging. Finally, we fcus n higher-rder needs such as self-actualizatin — in ther wrds, lking fr life’s meaning.(我们从生存需求开始，比如食物、住所和安全。一旦满足了这些需求，我们就会把注意力转向社会和情感需求，比如爱和归属感。最后，我们关注更高层次的需求，比如自我实现——换句话说，寻找生活的意义。)”以及第二段“Of these three levels, mney is nly truly helpful fr the first. This is why ecnmists ften find that well-being desn’t imprve much nce a persn reaches the relatively humble financial means that meet thse needs.(在这三个层面中，金钱只对第一个层面有真正的帮助。这就是为什么经济学家经常发现，一旦一个人达到了满足这些需求的相对微薄的经济手段，他的幸福感就不会有太大改善)”可知，这表明金钱对基本需求的满足最为有效，而对其他层次的需求帮助有限。故选D项。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词下段“Fcusing t much n mney is actively ppsed t Maslw’s highest-level needs, because ding s can lead peple int a trap that researchers call “financial cntingency f self-wrth,” which happens when a persn’s self-esteem is cnditinal n his r her financial success.(过于关注金钱与马斯洛的最高层次需求是背道而驰的，因为这样做会让人们陷入一个陷阱，研究人员称之为‘自我价值的经济偶然性’，当一个人的自尊取决于他或她的经济成功时，就会发生这种情况)”可知，上文应是提到过于关注金钱，从而引出本段内容，推知gust是“热情”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This might explain why stress levels are high bth when mney is tight and when peple reach higher incme levels. A 2018 survey cnducted by LinkedIn fund that stress at wrk falls when peple earn mre than $50,000,but then starts t rise significantly when peple earn abve $200,000. One reasn fr the stress amng high earners is their neglect (忽略) f relatinships, accrding t sme researchers.(这也许可以解释为什么当钱紧张时和人们达到较高收入水平时，压力水平都很高。领英在2018年进行的一项调查发现，当人们的收入超过5万美元时，工作压力会下降，但当人们的收入超过20万美元时，工作压力就会开始显著上升。一些研究人员称，高收入者压力大的一个原因是他们忽视了人际关系)”可知，过度追求金钱可能会导致人们忽视人际关系，从而影响他们的社会和情感需求。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“One way r anther, yu might be measuring yurself in mney, and withut realizing it, hping that at sme pint yu will be “expensive” enugh t earn thers’ lve and respect. Yur instincts (直觉) might be telling yu t earn mre, mre, mre in rder t find peace and satisfactin. Yur instincts are lying, and yu culd get much happier by reassessing yur pririties.(不管怎样，你可能会用金钱来衡量自己，而没有意识到这一点，希望在某个时候你会‘昂贵’到足以赢得别人的爱和尊重。你的本能可能会告诉你，为了找到平静和满足，你应该赚得更多、更多、更多。你的直觉在说谎，你可以通过重新评估你的优先级而变得更快乐)”可知，将金钱作为衡量自我价值的标准是一种错误观念。作者认为这种观念是一种错误认识。故选C项。
押题3
Many seemingly serius persnality tests are nt supprted by research. Despite being a billin-dllar industry, cmmercial persnality testing des nt predict success. That’s because mst tests assume ne’s characters are static.
Researches cnfirm that peple can intentinally shape their characters. That’s cntrary t their assumptin that yur persnality type places yu in a bx, directing hw yu chse partners, activities and careers.
Yu can think f persnality as labels that summarize yur respnses t questins as fllws. D yu think abut situatins mre pessimistically, r are yu a glass-half-full kind f persn? D yu wait until the last minute t cmplete tasks, r d yu plan ahead? Depending n yur answers, yu might be labeled as a certain persnality. Hwever, peple ften view persnality as the cre f wh they are. Accrding t scientific definitins, persnality is nt ne’s likes, dislikes r preferences. It’s nt yur values r what yu think is imprtant. Shifting characters des nt change the cre f wh yu are. It simply means respnding t situatins with different thughts and behavirs.
Here is a cmmn example. Suppse yu’re nt super reliable. If yu start t think “being n time shws thers that yu respect them”, t feel pride when yu arrive t a dinner party befre friends, and t engage in new behavirs that increase yur timeliness (守时) — such as getting up with an alarm and setting appintment reminders — yu are demnstrating the features f a reliable persn. If yu maintain these changes t yur thughts and behavirs ver time — ta-da! — yu are reliable.
Besides, persnality changes acrss a persn’s lifetime. As peple grw lder, they tend t experience fewer negative emtins, becme mre cnsiderate, place greater emphasis n harmnius relatinships and are less critical f thers. Slw yet steady changes in thughts and behavirs can eventually develp the persnality peple desire.
1．What des the underlined wrd “static” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Flexible.B．Cnstant.C．Cmplex.D．Predictable.
2．What is the main idea f paragraph 3?
A．Questins help peple understand labels.B．Planning ahead leads t cmpleting tasks.
C．Negative beliefs tend t wrsen situatins.D．Persnality is hw ne thinks and behaves.
3．What des the cmmn example shw?
A．Hw t manage the time.B．Hw t maintain changes.
C．Hw t change persnality.D．Hw t increase timeliness.
4．Hw might peple becme as they age?
A．Critical.B．Psitive.C．Selfless.D．Reliable.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要通过论述和举例，探讨了人格测试的局限性以及人格并非固定不变的观点，并强调人们可以通过改变思维和行为来塑造自己的性格。
1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段中“That’s because mst tests assume ne’s characters are static.(这是因为大多数测试假设一个人的性格是static)”和第二段中“Researches cnfirm that peple can intentinally shape their characters. That’s cntrary t their assumptin that yur persnality type places yu in a bx, directing hw yu chse partners, activities and careers.(研究表明，人们可以有意识地塑造自己的性格。这与他们的假设相反，即你的性格类型将你限制在一个盒子里，决定你选择伴侣、活动和职业)”可知，大多数人认为一个人的性格是固定的，不变的，由此可推知，划线单词“static”意为“不变的”。故选B。
2．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段中关键句“Hwever, peple ften view persnality as the cre f wh they are. Accrding t scientific definitins, persnality is nt ne’s likes, dislikes r preferences. It’s nt yur values r what yu think is imprtant. Shifting characters des nt change the cre f wh yu are. It simply means respnding t situatins with different thughts and behavirs.(然而，人们常常将性格视为自身的核心。但根据科学定义，性格并非是一个人的喜好或偏好，也不是你的价值观或者你认为重要的东西。改变性格并不会改变你本质的自我，它仅仅意味着以不同的思维和行为方式来应对各种情况)”可知，本段主要讨论了性格是如何通过思想和行为来体现的，即该段主要说明性格是一个人思考和行为的方式。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Here is a cmmn example. Suppse yu’re nt super reliable. If yu start t think “being n time shws thers that yu respect them”, t feel pride when yu arrive t a dinner party befre friends, and t engage in new behavirs that increase yur timeliness (守时) — such as getting up with an alarm and setting appintment reminders — yu are demnstrating the features f a reliable persn. If yu maintain these changes t yur thughts and behavirs ver time — ta-da! — yu are reliable.(这里有一个常见的例子。假设你不是特别可靠。如果你开始认为“准时表明你尊重他人”，当你在朋友之前到达晚宴时感到自豪，并采取新的行为来提高你的守时性——比如用闹钟起床和设置约会提醒——你正在展示一个可靠的人的特征。如果你随着时间的推移保持这些思想和行为的变化——哒哒！——你就是可靠的)”可推知，这个例子展示了如何通过改变思想和行为来改变性格。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中“As peple grw lder, they tend t experience fewer negative emtins, becme mre cnsiderate, place greater emphasis n harmnius relatinships and are less critical f thers.(随着年龄的增长，人们往往会经历更少的负面情绪，变得更加体贴，更加重视和谐的关系，对他人的批评也会减少)”可知，随着年龄增长，人们更少经历负面情绪，更加积极乐观。故选B。
四、科学研究类
押题1
Sme scientists insist that nce we discver the truth abut the wrld, we are dne. Anyne wh denies such truths, they suggest, is stupid r ignrant (无知的). Well, n. In science, what we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. The histry f science ffers many examples f matters that scientists thught they had reslved, nly t discver that these matters needed t be recnsidered. Familiar examples include Earth as the center f the universe and the stability f cntinents.
Science is a prcess f learning and discvery, and smetimes we learn that what we thught was right is wrng. T say that science is “true” r “permanent” is like saying that “beauty is abslute”. At best, it’s a bit ff-key (不恰当的). The cncept f beauty tday is very different frm what it was in ancient Greece r the Middle Ages, and s are mst f ur “laws” f nature.
Other scientists may say scientific findings are true because they use “the scientific methd”. But we can never actually agree n what that methd is. Sme will say it is bservatin and descriptin f the wrld. Others will say it is the use f experience and experiment. Recently a leading scientist said the scientific methd was t avid fling neself int thinking smething is true that is nt.
Each f these views has its value, but if the claim is that any ne f these is the scientific methd, then they all fail. Histry and philsphy have shwn that the idea f a singular (唯一的) scientific methd is unscientific. In fact, the methds f science have varied between disciplines and acrss time. Scientists have bitterly argued abut which methds are the best, and, as we all knw, bitter arguments rarely get reslved.
In my view, science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld. Our effrts t understand and explain the natural wrld are just that: effrts.
Because we’re human, we ften fall flat. The gd news is that when that happens, we pick urselves up, brush urselves ff, and get back t wrk. Understanding the wrld we live in, and using that knwledge t d useful things, is its wn reward.
1．Accrding t paragraph 1, what is cnsidered as truth in science________.
A．may have lasting valueB．may need re-examining
C．shuld be knwn t allD．shuld nt be rejected
2．Why des the authr mentin “beauty” in paragraph 2?
A．T raise a questin.B．T make a predictin.
C．T illustrate an idea.D．T prpse a slutin.
3．What des the authr think f the methds f science?
A．They shuldn’t be used t fl the public.
B．They rely heavily n bservatin and descriptin.
C．They seldm cause arguments amng scientists.
D．They shuldn’t be limited t a single methd.
4．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Effrts in Science: Dreaming Big.B．Science: Endless Jurney t Truth.
C．Scientists: Defenders f Science.D．Scientific Methd: Simple Chice.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要论述了科学的本质，即科学是一个不断学习和发现的过程，科学的真理并不是永恒不变的，而科学的方法也不应该局限于一种单一的方法，而是需要不断地探索和发展。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The histry f science ffers many examples f matters that scientists thught they had reslved, nly t discver that these matters needed t be recnsidered.(科学史上有很多例子表明，科学家们认为他们已经解决的问题，结果却发现这些问题需要重新考虑)”可知，在科学中被认为是真理的可能需要重新审查。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Science is a prcess f learning and discvery, and smetimes we learn that what we thught was right is wrng. T say that science is ‘true’ r ‘permanent’ is like saying that ‘beauty is abslute’.(科学是一个学习和发现的过程，有时我们会发现我们认为正确的东西其实是错误的。说科学是‘真理’或‘永恒’的，就像说‘美是绝对’的一样)”可知，作者提到“美”是为了说明一个观点，即科学的真理并不是永恒不变的，就像美的标准也会随着时间而改变一样。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Histry and philsphy have shwn that the idea f a singular scientific methd is unscientific. In fact, the methds f science have varied between disciplines and acrss time.(历史和哲学已经表明，单一的科学方法是不科学的。事实上，科学的方法在不同的学科和不同的时间都有所不同)”可推知，作者认为科学的方法不应该局限于一种单一的方法。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要论述了科学的本质，即科学是一个不断学习和发现的过程，科学的真理并不是永恒不变的，而科学的方法也不应该局限于一种单一的方法，而是需要不断地探索和发展，由此可知，选项B“科学：通往真理的无尽之旅”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为本文标题。故选B。
押题2
Peple ften think that scientific discveries cme frm the geniuses like Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein. Such a view verlks the effrts f lesser-knwn pineers. Als, ppular belief hlds that the sudden idea is the key t making scientific breakthrughs, as if it just appears in smene’s mind.
This pinin might be partially true. It desn’t accurately represent the true nature f scientific breakthrughs. Apart frm, the great figures such as Darwin and Einstein, whse cntributins are rightly recgnized — we believe innvatin is largely a trial-and-errr prcess, where tw steps frward may smetimes cme with ne step back r even mre steps t the right r left.
Take Jhn Nichlsn, a lesser-knwn scientist frm the 1910s. He was a mathematical physicist wh suggested the idea f ‘prt-elements’ in space. By mixing different weights f these atms, he culd recver the weights f the elements in the peridic table. Thugh prt-elements dn’t actually exist, Nichlsn’s wild ideas led him t prpse a new thery abut atmic structure. Niels Bhr, the Nbel prize-winning father f mdern atmic thery, later built n this idea t develp his famus mdel f the atm.
What can we learn frm this stry? Science is always evlving, similar t the evlutin f animal species. Just randm r unexpected changes f ideas may pen the dr fr advances in science. Supprt fr this idea can be seen in many areas. Fr example, in US hrse racing, the ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup placement, where the rider’ s left ft is placed lwer than the right ft, prvides a speed advantage n val tracks. It was created by a little-knwn rider named Jackie Westrpe. Had Westrpe dne careful research t develp this technique? N. He had a leg injury that prevented him frm fully bending his left knee. This change just happened t imprve his left-hand turning perfrmance. As a result, many riders quickly adpted the acey-deucy style, which is still used in racing tday.
Many ther examples shw science prgress ften cmes frm mistakes, accidents, r pure luck. It’s time t abandn the naive beliefs f genius and explre the true causes f creativity.
1．What is the purpse f paragraph 1?
A．T supprt specific ideas.
B．T describe a cmmn belief.
C．T cmpare certain beliefs.
D．T challenge a ppular view.
2．What des the writer imply abut Darwin and Einstein in paragraph 2?
A．They set an example fr thers t fllw.
B．Their way f wrking has been misunderstd.
C．They are exceptins t the usual rule.
D．Their achievements deserve greater recgnitin.
3．What d we knw abut the idea f Nichlsn?
A．It made him famus as an imprtant scientist.
B．Peple nly fully understd it later in histry.
C．Other scientists were initially dubtful abut it.
D．It paved the way fr smene else’ s breakthrugh.
4．What is mst interesting abut the ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup adjustment?
A．Why it was made.
B．Hw quickly peple used it.
C．The research wrk behind it.
D．The cleverness f its first user.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了发明创造不是一蹴而就的，而往往来自不断的试错过程。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Peple ften think that scientific discveries cme frm the geniuses like Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein. Such a view verlks the effrts f lesser-knwn pineers. Als, ppular belief hlds that the sudden idea is the key t making scientific breakthrughs, as if it just appears in smene’s mind. (人们通常认为科学发现来自查尔斯·达尔文和阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦等天才。这种观点忽视了鲜为人知的先驱者的努力。此外，人们普遍认为，突然的想法是取得科学突破的关键，就好像它只是出现在某人的脑海里一样)”可知，文章第一段描述了一个普遍观点，即突然的想法是取得科学突破的关键。由此推知，第一段的目的是描述一个普遍观点。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“This pinin might be partially true. It desn’t accurately represent the true nature f scientific breakthrughs. Apart frm, the great figures such as Darwin and Einstein, whse cntributins are rightly recgnized — we believe innvatin is largely a trial-and-errr prcess, where tw steps frward may smetimes cme with ne step back r even mre steps t the right r left. (这种观点可能部分正确。它并不能准确地代表科学突破的真实性质。此外，达尔文和爱因斯坦等伟大人物的贡献得到了正确的认可，我们认为创新在很大程度上是一个试错过程，前进两步有时可能会后退一步，甚至向左或向右迈出更多步)”可知，事实上，创新在很大程度上是一个试错过程，并不是突然的灵感，例如，达尔文和爱因斯坦等伟大人物的贡献。由此推知，作者在第二段中暗示了达尔文和爱因斯坦的工作方式被误解了。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Thugh prt-elements dn’t actually exist, Nichlsn’s wild ideas led him t prpse a new thery abut atmic structure. Niels Bhr, the Nbel prize-winning father f mdern atmic thery, later built n this idea t develp his famus mdel f the atm. (尽管原元素实际上并不存在，但尼科尔森的疯狂想法使他提出了一种关于原子结构的新理论。诺贝尔奖获得者、现代原子理论之父尼尔斯·玻尔后来在这一思想的基础上发展了他著名的原子模型)”可知，尼尔斯·玻尔的原子模型是在尼科尔森的疯狂想法的基础上发展的。由此推知，尼科尔森的想法为别人的突破铺平了道路。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“It was created by a little-knwn rider named Jackie Westrpe. Had Westrpe dne careful research t develp this technique? N. He had a leg injury that prevented him frm fully bending his left knee. This change just happened t imprve his left-hand turning perfrmance. As a result, many riders quickly adpted the acey-deucy style, which is still used in racing tday. (它是由一位名叫杰基·韦斯特洛普的鲜为人知的骑手创造的。韦斯特洛普是否进行了仔细的研究来开发这项技术？没有。他的腿受伤了，无法完全弯曲左膝。这一变化恰好提高了他的左转能力。因此，许多车手很快采用了今天仍然在比赛中使用的acey-deucy风格)”可知，杰基·韦斯特洛普发明“acey deucy”箍筋调整不是特意进行了仔细的研究，而是因为自己的腿受伤了，偶然发现的，这很有趣。由此推知，“acey deucy”箍筋调整最有趣的是为什么它被制作出来。故选A项。
押题3
A man in a lab cat bends under a dim light with tight eyes lking at a micrscpe. Time is shrt, the pays-ff are high, and nly this scientist can save everyne. That kind f rmanticized picture f science was standard fr a lng time. But it’s far frm the truth.
Sme scientists search fr the causes f sme bservable effects, such as the link between destryed frests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” f things. Fr example, eclgists build mdels t estimate gray wlf abundance in Mntana, US. It’s impractical t spt them all and cunt them, Abundance mdels are nt 100 percent accurate, but they ffer estimates that seem gd enugh t set harvesting qutas (限额) and maintain the ecsystem.
Beynd the “what” and the “why”, scientists may fcus n the “hw”. Fr instance, the lives f peple living with illnesses can be imprved by research n hw t relieve symptms, even if the true causes f their disrders are largely unknwn t current medicine.
Peple ften think “real science” shuld prvide definite, cmplete and perfect answers t their questins. Hwever, given varius limitatins and the wrld’s cmplexity, keeping multiple perspectives in play is ften the best way fr scientists t reach their gals and slve the prblems at hand.
In the wrld f science, disagreement is a feature, nt a bug. Science is a scial prcess in which the cmmunity’s scrutiny (审查) ensures we have the best available knwledge. “Best available” des nt mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find ut hw t imprve it.
The lng histry f atmism (原子论) shws hw science is a prcess rather than a fast delivery f results set in stne. As scientist Jean Baptiste Perrin cnducted his 1908 experiments that seemingly settled all discussin regarding atms, questins abut the atm’s prperties were abut t spark decades f cntrversy with the birth f quantum (量子) physics. Similar discussins cntinue t the present day.
S, real science is a cllective, imperfect and many-sided prcess in which scientists cntribute multiple and ften partial slutins t cmplex and diverse prblems.
1．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic f the article?
A．By presenting a typical miscnceptin.B．By giving an example f scientific failure.
C．By describing a scientific research prcess.D．By telling a scientist’s persnal experience.
2．What d Paragraph 2 and 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The histry f scientific research.
B．The challenges faced by scientists.
C．The methds scientists use t share results.
D．The specific attentin f scientists n their research.
3．What is the authr’s view n disagreement in science?
A．It inspires critical thinking.
B．It seeks universal standards.
C．It creates cnfusin and delays cnclusins.
D．It indicates imperfectin in research appraches.
4．What des the real scientific prcess emphasize?
A．Cmplete and immediate slutins.B．Individual achievements and final results.
C．Diverse cntributins and nging revisins.D．Definitive answers and cmplete certainty.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了科学的本质是集体、不完美且多面的过程，科学家通过多种视角和方法解决复杂问题，分歧和持续改进是科学进步的关键。
1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“A man in a lab cat bends under a dim light with tight eyes lking at a micrscpe. Time is shrt, the pays-ff are high, and nly this scientist can save everyne. That kind f rmanticized picture f science was standard fr a lng time. But it’s far frm the truth. (一位身穿实验室外套的男士在昏暗的灯光下眯着眼睛，俯身盯着显微镜。时间紧迫，回报丰厚，而且只有这位科学家能够拯救所有人。很长一段时间以来，这种对科学的浪漫化想象一直是人们心中的标准图景。但这与事实相去甚远)”可知，作者通过呈现一种长期存在的对科学的浪漫化误解来引入文章的主题。故选A。
2．主旨大意题。由文章第二段中“Sme scientists search fr the causes f sme bservable effects, such as the link between destryed frests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” f things. (有些科学家探究某些可观察到的现象背后的原因，比如森林遭到破坏与地球气温上升之间的联系。还有些科学家可能会研究事物的“是什么”，而非“为什么”)”和第三段中“Beynd the “what” and the “why”, scientists may fcus n the “hw”. (除了“是什么”和“为什么”，科学家们还可能关注“怎么做”)”可知，第二段和第三段主要讲述了科学家们在研究中所具体关注的不同方面，也就是科学家研究的具体关注点。故选D。
3．推理判断题。由文章第五段“In the wrld f science, disagreement is a feature, nt a bug. Science is a scial prcess in which the cmmunity’s scrutiny (审查) ensures we have the best available knwledge. “Best available” des nt mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find ut hw t imprve it. (在科学领域，存在分歧是一个特点，而非缺陷。科学是一个社会性的过程，科学界的审查能确保我们掌握目前所能获取的最佳知识。“目前所能获取的最佳知识”并不意味着“确凿无疑的”，而是指在我们找到改进方法之前，这是我们所拥有的最好的知识)”可知，作者认为这种分歧促使科学界进行审查，以获取更好的知识，也就是激发了批判性思维。故选A。
4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“S, real science is a cllective, imperfect and many-sided prcess in which scientists cntribute multiple and ften partial slutins t cmplex and diverse prblems. (所以，真正的科学是一个集体参与的、并不完美的、多面性的过程。在这个过程中，科学家们为复杂多样的问题提供多种往往只是部分有效的解决方案)”可推知，真正的科学过程强调多样化的贡献和不断的修订。故选C。
五、文化与艺术类
押题1
In tday’s intercnnected wrld, crss-cultural cmmunicatin has emerged as a vital skill fr fstering internatinal cperatin and scial harmny. Britain, with its centuries-ld histry f absrbing diverse influences and its current multicultural landscape, serves as an ideal example f hw traditin and mdernity can cexist t bridge cultural gaps.
The rts f British cultural adaptability trace back t ancient times. When the Rmans invaded Britain in 55 BC, they nt nly established management systems but als cnstructed public facilities such as rads and Hadrian’s Wall — a massive defensive structure marking the nrthern brder f their empire. These innvatins nt nly managed cnflicts with Celtic tribe’s but als laid the fundatin fr future cultural exchanges. Tday, this legacy f blending ld and new remains evident. Fr instance, the British Parliament maintains strict dress cdes requiring frmal suits and rbed (长袍) during sessins, symblizing respect fr traditin. Meanwhile, mdern Britain embraced literary festivals and experimental theater prductins, reflecting its dynamic engagement with cntemprary artistic expressin.
Hwever, navigating cultural differences remains challenging. In internatinal business settings, British prfessinals ften priritize building trust thrugh indirect cmmunicatin and tea-break small talk, while their American cunterparts favr straightfrward discussins t get straight t the pint. Research by the Lndn Business Schl (2022) reveals that 68 % f crss-Atlantic negtiatins face delays due t these cntrasting styled. Americans may interpret British pliteness as in decisin, whereas Britns perceive American directness as impersnal and verlay fcused nly n business deals.
Language differences further test cultural sensitivity. A simple phrase like “I’ll cnsider it” in British English ften means a plite refusal, whereas Americans might take it literally as penness t further discussin. Even gestured differ: maintaining eye cntact is seen as cnfident in the U. S. But may be viewed as aggressive in sme British cntexts.
T address these challenged, educatinal institutins play a key rle. Universities like Oxfrd and Cambridge nw ffer curses such as “Glbal Cmmunicatin Strategies,” where students rle-play negtiatin scene’s and analyze case studies f multinatinal crpratins. Such training emphasized empathy, active listening, and adapting cmmunicatin styled t diverse audiences. As glbalizatin cntinued t erase brders, mastering these skills becmes nt just beneficial but essential fr building a mre inclusive wrld.
1．What can be knwn abut the purpse f the Rmans building Hadrian’s Wall?
A．T establish trade ruted with Celtic tribes.B．T mark the suthern brder f the Rman Empire.
C．T shwcase advanced architectural skills.D．T manage cnflicts and cntrl territry.
2．What can be inferred abut British and American negtiatin style frm Paragraph 3?
A．Their differences may lead t misunderstandings.B．They bth value lng-term relatinships equally.
C．Americans prefer indirect cmmunicatin.D．British negtiatrs fcus n shrt-term gains.
3．What des the wrd “impersnal” mean in the cntext f American negtiatrs?
A．Friendly and emtinal.B．Aggressive and rude.
C．Emtinally distant and frmal.D．Humrus and casual.
4．What might the authr discuss next regarding crss-cultural cmmunicatin training?
A．The histry f Rman educatin systems.B．Specific methds used in university cursed.
C．Hw technlgy replaces traditinal teaching.D．Ecnmic csts f cultural misunderstandings.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。本文以英国为例，探讨了跨文化沟通的历史根基与现代挑战，包括传统与现代价值观的融合、国际谈判中的文化误解及语言差异，并强调通过教育培养文化敏感性的重要性。文章指出，在全球化时代，理解并适应文化差异是促进国际合作与社会和谐的关键。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“When the Rmans invaded Britain in 55 BC, they nt nly established management systems but als cnstructed public facilities such as rads and Hadrian’s Wall — a massive defensive structure marking the nrthern brder f their empire. (公元前55年，当罗马人入侵不列颠时，他们不仅建立了管理系统，还建造了公路和哈德良长城等公共设施——哈德良长城是一座标志着他们帝国北部边界的大型防御建筑)”可知，哈德良长城是一座防御建筑，用来标记罗马帝国的北部边界。因此，可以推断出建造哈德良长城的目的是为了管理冲突和控制领土。D选项“T manage cnflicts and cntrl territry. (为了管理冲突和控制领土)”符合题意。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Hwever, navigating cultural differences remains challenging. In internatinal business settings, British prfessinals ften priritize building trust thrugh indirect cmmunicatin and tea-break small talk, while their American cunterparts favr straightfrward discussins t get straight t the pint. (然而，应对文化差异仍然具有挑战性。在国际商务环境中，英国专业人士通常通过间接沟通和茶歇闲聊来优先建立信任，而他们的美国同行则更喜欢直截了当的讨论，以直奔主题。)”可知，此处明确提到了英国和美国在谈判风格上的差异。同时本段中“Research by the Lndn Business Schl (2022) reveals that 68% f crss-Atlantic negtiatins face delays due t these cntrasting styles. (伦敦商学院(2022年)的研究显示，由于这些截然不同的风格，68%的跨大西洋谈判面临延误)”说明这些差异谈判风格可能导致误解和延误。因此，可以推断出A选项 “Their differences may lead t misunderstandings. (他们的差异可能导致误解) ”符合题意。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Americans may interpret British pliteness as indecisin, whereas Britns perceive American directness as impersnal and verly fcused nly n business deals. (美国人可能会把英国人的礼貌解释为犹豫不决，而英国人则认为美国人的直截了当是……和过于专注于生意) ”可知，这里提到了英国人对美国人直截了当的看法是“impersnal”，并且与“verly fcused nly n business deals”并列，即英国人则认为美国人的过于专注于生意，这种直截了当使情感上疏远，而且过于正式的即不近人情的。选项C“Emtinally distant and frmal. (情感上疏远和正式的)”与划线词为同义词。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，“T address these challenges, educatinal institutins play a key rle. Universities like Oxfrd and Cambridge nw ffer curses such as ‘Glbal Cmmunicatin Strategies,’ where students rle-play negtiatin scenes and analyze case studies f multinatinal crpratins. (为了解决这些挑战，教育机构发挥着关键作用。牛津和剑桥等大学现在提供‘全球沟通策略’等课程，学生可以在其中扮演谈判场景并分析跨国公司的案例研究)”这里提到了大学提供的跨文化交流培训课程，并举例说明了课程的内容。因此，可以推断出作者接下来可能会讨论这些课程中使用的具体方法。选项B“Specific methds used in university curses. (大学课程中使用的具体方法) ”符合题意。故选B。
押题2
I'm an artist, always cnsidering art and beauty as essential t life as daily bread. Hwever, I didn't initially think much abut hw thers perceived art. Over time, I nticed that many, even mst peple, regarded art as a luxury rather than a necessity.
My rudest awakening n this subject came during a visit t Britain. While explring the cuntryside, I stpped at a small stre that made its wn cheese daily. The salespersn, a yung wman with an air f expertise, was astnished by my ignrance f milk prducts. When I asked if they sld the cheese made that mrning, she said with annyance, “Dn't yu knw nthing abut cheese?” Suddenly and withut thinking, I said, “N. D yu knw anything abut art?” Her reply “N. But that's nt smething yu have t d with every day, and cheese is!” made me realize that fr mst peple, art isn't a daily essential.
Despite this cmmn view, I firmly believe art is as crucial as fd. It's the expressin f ur individuality. We all share basic human qualities, feelings, and lngings, but it's hw we express them uniquely that defines art.
Thrughut art histry, while the subject matter f paintings may be similar, the true essence lies in the artist's unique style. Museums, which I nce saw as the preserve f a few great artists, nw seem t sptlight the universal truth f individual uniqueness. They remind us that expressing ur riginality is the cre f art and life.
Art is everywhere in ur daily lives. Whether we're cking, arranging flwers, r cnducting business, art is ur unique vice, helping us resist the pressure t fllw and preserve ur individual beauty. As Jhn Muir said, “Everybdy needs beauty as well as bread.” Art is indeed a universal, individual, and fundamental truth, an essential part f ur daily existence.
1．Hw did the authr riginally react t thers' views n art?
A．He felt curius.B．He paid little attentin.
C．He was cncerned.D．He was ppsed t them.
2．What did the authr learn during his visit t the British stre?
A．The beauty in cheese.B．The necessities in life.
C．Cmmn pinin n art.D．The value f art in life.
3．Why des the authr think art is crucial?
A．It shapes ne's persnality.B．It's as cmmn as daily bread.
C．It enriches peple's lives.D．It's a way t shw ff neself.
4．What des the text mainly cnvey t us?
A．The significance f art in everyday life.
B．The authr's lng-term passin fr art.
C．The difference between art and daily needs.
D．The histry f art and the rle f museums.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了作者对艺术在生活中的重要性的看法，并通过个人经历和艺术史的观点来论证艺术是日常生活的必需品。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Hwever, I didn't initially think much abut hw thers perceived art.(然而，我最初并没有过多考虑别人如何看待艺术)”可知，作者最初对他人对艺术的看法并不在意。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Her reply “N. But that's nt smething yu have t d with every day, and cheese is!” made me realize that fr mst peple, art isn't a daily essential.(她的回答“不，但艺术不是你每天都要接触的东西，而奶酪是！”让我意识到，对大多数人来说，艺术并不是日常必需品)”可知，作者在商店的经历让他了解到大众对艺术的普遍看法。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Despite this cmmn view, I firmly believe art is as crucial as fd. It's the expressin f ur individuality. We all share basic human qualities, feelings, and lngings, but it's hw we express them uniquely that defines art.(尽管有这种普遍的观点，但我坚信艺术和食物一样重要。它是我们个性的表现。我们都有基本的人类品质、情感和渴望，但我们如何独特地表达它们才是艺术的定义。)”可知，作者认为艺术的重要性在于它塑造了个性。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“Art is indeed a universal, individual, and fundamental truth, an essential part f ur daily existence.(艺术确实是一种普遍的、个人的、基本的真理，是我们日常生活的必需品。）可知，本文主要传达了艺术在日常生活中的重要性。故选A。
押题3
In a drawing rm in rural Oxfrdshire, an artist slwly and deliberately puts pen t paper. Her arm mves acrss the canvas, the marks gradually integrating int a prtrait f herself. It seems like a mment f creative expressin. But this is n rdinary artist—she is the wrld’s first humanid rbt artist, Ai-Da. By design, her very existence brings int questin hw we define art, and wh, r in this case, what, can create it.
Will AI algrithms (算法) and rbts like Ai-Da mean the end f human creativity and artistry,r can they strengthen ur wn creative ptential? When Marcel Duchamp prpsed that a urinal (小便池) be cnsidered art, he flipped the art wrld n its head. In much the same way, AI-created artwrks are changing the standards f the art wrld, because bth were cntrversial and cntain bjects that haven’t technically been created by an “artist’s” hand.
Smene argues that a humanid artist like Ai-Da represents sciety’s current fears — the rise f jb-stealing AI algrithms and ptential rbt dminatin. But technlgical revlutins like artificial intelligence dn’t necessarily mean the “end f art” as many fear. Instead, they can help t kickstart an artistic transfrmatin and mve us twards different ways f seeing and creating. “AI might kick us int being creative again as humans,” says mathematician du Sauty, wh sees it as a pwerful partner in the pursuit f human creativity.
Hwever, questins f authrship haunt the artificial intelligence stry. Artists Hlly Herndn and Mat Dryhurst c-funded Spawning AI, which aimed at empwering human creatrs t prhibit AI frm using their wrks. But there are als artists wh see AI as a new utlet fr their wn creativity. Sme artists are nw even training algrithms in an attempt t push their wn creative bundaries.
It’s clear that AI algrithms and machines like Ai-Da are having an impact n the art wrld. Their wrks are exhibited alngside mre traditinal frms f art wrldwide. Next year we’ll see the wrld’s first AI art gallery pen its drs in LA．Eva Jäger, the creative AI lead, is als helping t bring AI art t the masses, with a prgramme f exhibitins leading t critical discussin abut the impact f technlgy n art. She sees the cperatin between human and machine as a space fr real creative ptential.
1．What des the phrase “flipped the art wrld n its head” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Overturned the art standards.B．Dminated the art wrld.
C．Bradened artists’ hrizns.D．Recgnized artists’ wisdm.
2．What influence will Ai-Da generate n the art wrld?
A．It will increase the cmmercial value.B．It will replace human artists sn.
C．It may bst human creativity.D．It may help artists prtect their wrks.
3．What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Spawning AI helps prduce better art wrks.B．Sme artists trained AI t wrk fr them.
C．AI art gallery will win ver mre visitrs.D．Eva lks favrably t the future f AI.
4．What’s the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T argue that AI will eventually utperfrm human artists.
B．T explre the impact f AI n art definitin and creativity.
C．T prmte the idea that artwrks created by AI lacks value.
D．T recrd the histry f art mvements and their significance.
【答案1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了人工智能(AI)和机器人如Ai-Da对艺术定义和人类创造力的影响，以及AI在艺术领域的潜在作用和未来发展方向。
1．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“When Marcel Duchamp prpsed that a urinal (小便池) be cnsidered art, he flipped the art wrld n its head. In much the same way, AI-created artwrks are changing the standards f the art wrld, because bth were cntrversial and cntain bjects that haven’t technically been created by an “artist’s” hand.(当马塞尔·杜尚提出将小便池视为艺术时，他flipped the art wrld n its head，同样，人工智能创作的艺术品正在改变艺术界的标准，因为它们都是有争议的，而且包含的物品在技术上并不是由“艺术家”的手创作的。)”可知，当马塞尔·杜尚提出将小便池视为艺术时，他彻底改变了艺术的标准。故“flipped the art wrld n its head”意味着彻底改变了艺术的标准。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Instead, they can help t kickstart an artistic transfrmatin and mve us twards different ways f seeing and creating.(相反，它们可以帮助启动艺术变革，推动我们走向不同的观看和创作方式)”可知，Ai-Da可能会促进人类的创造力。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“She sees the cperatin between human and machine as a space fr real creative ptential.(她认为人与机器之间的合作是一个真正具有创造潜力的空间)”可推知， Eva对AI的未来持积极态度。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“By design, her very existence brings int questin hw we define art, and wh, r in this case, what, can create it.(她的存在本身就引发了我们如何定义艺术以及谁，或者在这种情况下，什么可以创造艺术的问题)”可推知，作者写作的目的是探讨AI对艺术定义和创造力的影响。故选B。
六、社会生活类
押题1
Mst have prbably heard f Henry David Threau and his bk Walden, even thugh his message f simplicity may sund utdated. Nwadays, smartphnes fld us with text messages. Many cnsumers are buying the latest digital devices, frm tablets and fitness trackers t cmmercial drnes. Simple living seems t be a thing f the past.
Threau wuld beg t differ. As a writer wh advcated the value f simplicity almst tw centuries ag, he was a cntrarian (叛逆者) fr his time. He lived during the height f the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise f large factries, expanding urban develpments, and pwerful machines.
Turned ff by the cnstant busyness f this time, Threau withdrew frm city life t live alne in the wds. He brught with him nly the necessities f life and wrte abut this adventure in his bk Walden. In the bk, Threau is basically making a philsphical statement. We are nt living meaningful lives due t mdern technlgy. We created pwerful machines t make life mre cnvenient. Unfrtunately, these machines have dne the ppsite. In his wrds, “men have becme the tls f their tls”.
That is t say, we are nt the nes cntrlling technlgy. Technlgy is cntrlling us. Every few minutes, smartphnes may distract us with messages. At least half f Americans check their phnes several times an hur. Meanwhile, infrmatin verlad frm scial media can weaken ur cncentratin and heighten cnfusin.
When technlgy causes that much distractin and cnfusin, it may be healthy t simplify life by reducing technlgy veruse. Persnally, I’ve dne s in tw ways. First, I use very little data n my phne and keep the apps n it t a minimum. Mst time, I nly use my phne t call r text. Secnd, I quit mst scial media. Sure, thse tw things aren’t as extreme as Threau withdrawing int the wds. Nevertheless, they’re realistic mves I can make tward living a mre meaningful life.
1．Why des the authr refer t Threau’s bk Walden in Paragraph1?
A．T tell the characters f Threau.B．T attract mre cnsumers.
C．T bring in the cncept f simple life.D．T discuss the advantage f smartphnes.
2．What might drive Threau t live in the wds?
A．The purpse t keep fit.B．His plan f writing a bk.
C．The pace f his time.D．His wrry abut technlgy.
3．What is the authr’s attitude t Threau’s wrds “men have becme the tls f their tls”?
A．Tlerant.B．Dubtful.C．Apprving.D．Critical.
4．What is the authr’s main argument in this text?
A．Mdern technlgy imprves ur lives.B．Simplicity in a way helps live a meaningful life.
C．We shuld withdraw frm mdern sciety.D．Pwerful machines are necessary fr prgress.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了梭罗的简单生活理念及其对现代生活的启示。
1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Mst have prbably heard f Henry David Threau and his bk Walden, even thugh his message f simplicity may sund utdated. Nwadays, smartphnes fld us with text messages. Many cnsumers are buying the latest digital devices, frm tablets and fitness trackers t cmmercial drnes. Simple living seems t be a thing f the past. (大多数人可能都听说过亨利·戴维·梭罗和他的著作《瓦尔登湖》，尽管他提倡简朴生活的理念听起来可能已经过时。如今，智能手机向我们狂轰滥炸般发送短信。许多消费者都在购买最新的数字设备，从平板电脑、健身追踪器到商用无人机应有尽有。简朴生活似乎已经成了过去式。)”可知，作者提到梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》是为了引出简单生活的概念。故选C。
2．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Turned ff by the cnstant busyness f this time, Threau withdrew frm city life t live alne in the wds. (梭罗厌倦了那个时代的持续忙碌，于是从城市生活中抽身，独自住在树林里。)”可知，他的时间节奏促使梭罗住在树林里。故选C。
3．推理判断题。由文章第四段“That is t say, we are nt the nes cntrlling technlgy. Technlgy is cntrlling us. Every few minutes, smartphnes may distract us with messages. At least half f Americans check their phnes several times an hur. Meanwhile, infrmatin verlad frm scial media can weaken ur cncentratin and heighten cnfusin. (也就是说，我们不是控制技术的人。技术在控制我们。每隔几分钟，智能手机就可能用消息分散我们的注意力。至少有一半的美国人每小时会查看几次手机。与此同时，社交媒体上的信息过载会削弱我们的专注力，加剧困惑。)”可知，作者认同梭罗的观点，即人们已成为自己创造的工具的奴隶，技术正在控制我们。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Many cnsumers are buying the latest digital devices, frm tablets and fitness trackers t cmmercial drnes. Simple living seems t be a thing f the past. (许多消费者都在购买最新的数字设备，从平板电脑、健身追踪器到商用无人机应有尽有。简朴生活似乎已经成了过去式。)”和最后一段“When technlgy causes that much distractin and cnfusin, it may be healthy t simplify life by reducing technlgy veruse. (当技术造成如此多的干扰和困惑时，通过减少过度使用技术来简化生活可能是有益的。)”可知，作者的主要论点是简化生活在一定程度上有助于过上更有意义的生活。故选B。
押题2
Fr t lng, we’ve been living n the edge f burnut, with t-d lists grwing lnger, calendars full, and deadlines that seem never-ending. It’s nt a secret that busyness has been wrn like a mark f hnr, while mments f dwn time are seen as unprductive. But if there’s n time t breathe r rm t think, hw are we able t cme up with new ideas, let alne carry them ut?
I didn’t realize hw deep-rted this lifestyle had becme fr me until I stepped int self-emplyment in 2023. Balancing busy perids with quieter nes unexpectedly brught anxiety and self-judgment instead f the anticipated relief t pause and reflect. Hwever, the tide is turning in the wrld f wrk: there’s a grwing pushback against nn-stp demands, and increased awareness abut the benefits — including imprved cncentratin, creativity and jb satisfactin-f ding ne thing at a time.
Accrding t Marc Za-Sanders, authr f Timebxing, multitasking is the attempt t attend t tw things at nce, fr example firing ff a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that yu may end up ding a pr jb f bth, and enjy neither. But it’s actually a little mre cmplex than this. If ne f the tasks is familiar t yu and desn’t demand t much f yu cgnitively (认知地), it may well be that yu can take n a secnd task at the same time. The main issue is thinking yu can d bth at nce fr thse tasks where yu can’t. This is bth unprductive and can easily feel frustrated.
The phrase “multitasking” has been adpted by all srts f typically high-achieving peple and a mark f status. But ur brains cannt cmplete tasks at the same time. They are cmpleted in a sequence. Multitasking is tiring us ut mre quickly and making us less efficient. S, let’s bid farewell t the era f handling a hundred things at nce.
1．What’s peple’s cmmn view t busyness?
A．It is a way t generate new ideas.
B．It shws that peple are less prductive.
C．It reflects peple’s pr time-management.
D．It is a symbl f efficiency and excellence.
2．Hw des the authr feel after she became self-emplyed?
A．Relaxed.B．Panicked.C．Uneasy.D．Stress-free.
3．What can we learn abut multitasking frm paragraph 3?
A．It can reduce ur prductivity.B．It can weaken ur cgnitive ability.
C．It makes us creative and cncentrated.D．It is essential in tday’s fast-pace wrld.
4．What des the authr suggest in the passage?
A．Fllwing high-achieving peple.B．Wrking ne task at a time.
C．Raising the efficiency f multitasking.D．Challenging ur brain capacity.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了现代社会中人们普遍存在的过度忙碌和“多任务处理”现象，以及这种生活方式对个人创造力和工作效率的负面影响。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It’s nt a secret that busyness has been wrn like a mark f hnr, while mments f dwn time are seen as unprductive.(忙碌一直被当作一种荣誉的象征，而闲暇时光则被视为毫无成效，这早已不是什么秘密。)”可知，忙碌一直被当作一种荣誉的象征，而闲暇时光则被视为毫无成效。这意味着在人们的普遍观念中，忙碌是一种值得骄傲的事情，可理解为忙碌象征着效率和优秀。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I didn’t realize hw deep-rted this lifestyle had becme fr me until I stepped int self-emplyment in 2023. Balancing busy perids with quieter nes unexpectedly brught anxiety and self-judgment instead f the anticipated relief t pause and reflect.(直到2023年我开始自主创业，我才意识到这种生活方式在我身上已经根深蒂固到了何种程度。原本预期在忙碌时段与清闲时段之间取得平衡后，能获得喘息和反思的机会，从而感到轻松，可没想到却带来了焦虑和自我评判。)”可知，作者在2023年开始自主创业后，原本预期在忙碌和清闲之间取得平衡能获得喘息和反思的轻松感，但没想到却带来了焦虑和自我评判，作者自主创业后感到不安。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Accrding t Marc Za-Sanders, authr f Timebxing, multitasking is the attempt t attend t tw things at nce, fr example firing ff a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that yu may end up ding a pr jb f bth, and enjy neither.(根据《时间箱管理》一书的作者Marc Za-Sanders的说法，“多任务处理”指的是试图同时处理两件事情，例如在开会时快速发送几封电子邮件。遗憾的是，这样做的结果可能是两件事都没做好，而且两件事都体验不佳。)”以及“This is bth unprductive and can easily feel frustrated.(这样做不仅效率低下，还很容易让人感到沮丧。)”可知，多任务处理可能导致两件事都做不好，既没有效率还容易让人沮丧，所以会降低我们的工作效率。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Multitasking is tiring us ut mre quickly and making us less efficient. S, let’s bid farewell t the era f handling a hundred things at nce.(多任务处理让我们更快地感到疲惫，也降低了我们的效率。所以，让我们告别一次处理一百件事情的时代吧。)”可知，作者强调了多任务处理的坏处，结合最后一句告别一次处理多项任务的时代，可推断出作者建议一次只做一项任务。故选B。
押题3
Imprtant as giving and taking criticism is fr getting alng with thers, ne skill des utperfrm it: the ability t give cmpliments (赞美). Hwever, giving cmpliments is n straightfrward matter and requires skills and knwledge. Dne well, wrds f praise can be a cmfrting balm fr human relatins. But dne prly; cmpliments can be ineffective. even destructive.
Whether the cmpliment is effective in uplifting the ther persn depends n whether it is believable,apprpriate, and qualified. If yu tell me my hair lks gd, I will dismiss it and suspect yur mtives,because I am hairless. Even if a cmpliment agrees with ne’s self-cnceptin, it must meet three criteria t be accepted by its bject. The praise must cme frm a persn with credibility t give it, it must be sincere and unscripted, and it must ccur in the apprpriate cntext.
Cnsider, fr example, hw yu’d respnd t a flattering cmpliment frm a salespersn yu’d never met abut hw smart and discriminating yu are when yu’re leaning tward a particular purchase. Yu’d prbably find that kind f cmpliment ff-putting, because the persn desn’t knw yu well enugh t judge yur true qualities and is simply buttering yu up t make a sale. The cmpliment fails n all three cunts: the praiser lacks credibility, their sincerity is suspicius, and yur willingness t spend mney in a stre is nt a meaningful cntext fr grading yur intelligence.
Given all f this, it might sund as thugh giving a cmpliment that can be accepted and beneficial is difficult and fraught. My idea is: Mving beynd ther peple’s appearance and perfrmance. One quality peple rarely cmpliment — but shuld — is what the psychlgist Rhett Diessner calls“mral beauty,” a characteristic that is reflected in acts f charity, kindness, sympathy, frgiveness, curage, r self-sacrifice.Diessner finds that witnessing such beauty brings mral elevatin, which is experienced as“pleasant feelings f warmth in the chest, feeling uplifted, mved,” which in turns leads t being mre “ptimistic abut humanity.” In a cmplicated and cnflict-filled wrld, saying“Nice tie!” r“Gd jb!” is fine. But making a habit f recgnizing and cmplimenting true acts f lve and kindness can help us all get mre f the uplift we need.
1．What can we learn frm the first paragraph?
A．Giving cmpliments is nt as imprtant as giving and taking criticism.
B．The impact f giving cmpliments is ften straightfrward and fixed.
C．Cmpliments can be ineffective r even destructive when yu are pr.
D．The imprtance f giving cmpliments can never be veremphasized.
2．Accrding t Paragraph 2, what will the authr agree with abut cmpliments?
A．It is always challenging t deliver sincere cmpliments.
B．Dishnest peple are unqualified te give cmpliments.
C．Varius factrs impact the effectiveness f cmpliments.
D．Credible cmpliments shuld be well prepared befrehand.
3．What pint des the authr illustrate by mentining a salespersn’s cmpliment?
A．Salespeple are nt gd at giving sincere cmpliments.
B．Cmpliments given in a sales cntext are always believable.
C．A cmpliment must meet certain criteria t be accepted.
D．Peple shuld avid believing cmpliments frm a salespersn.
4．What might be the best title fr the passage?
A．The Art and Science f Giving Effective Cmpliments
B．The Psychlgy behind Receiving Cmpliments Psitively
C．The Effect f Cmpliments n Human Relatinships
D．The Challenges and Rewards f Recgnizing Mral Beauty
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了赞美他人的重要性、有效赞美的标准及方式。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Imprtant as giving and taking criticism is fr getting alng with thers, ne skill des utperfrm it: the ability t give cmpliments (赞美).(尽管给予和接受批评对于与他人相处很重要，但有一种技能确实胜过它：给予赞美的能力)”以及“Dne well, wrds f praise can be a cmfrting balm fr human relatins.(如果做得好，赞美之词可以成为人际关系的一剂安慰良药)”可推知，赞美他人的重要性再怎么强调都不为过。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Whether the cmpliment is effective in uplifting the ther persn depends n whether it is believable, apprpriate, and qualified.(赞美是否能有效地提升他人，取决于它是否可信、恰当和合格)”以及“Even if a cmpliment agrees with ne’s self-cnceptin, it must meet three criteria t be accepted by its bject. The praise must cme frm a persn with credibility t give it, it must be sincere and unscripted, and it must ccur in the apprpriate cntext.(即使赞美符合一个人的自我认知，它也必须满足三个标准才能被接受。赞美必须来自一个有可信度的人，必须是真诚的、自然的，并且必须在适当的情境中出现)”可推知，各种因素影响赞美的有效性。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Yu’d prbably find that kind f cmpliment ff-putting, because the persn desn’t knw yu well enugh t judge yur true qualities and is simply buttering yu up t make a sale. The cmpliment fails n all three cunts: the praiser lacks credibility, their sincerity is suspicius, and yur willingness t spend mney in a stre is nt a meaningful cntext fr grading yur intelligence.(你可能会觉得这种赞美让人不舒服，因为这个人不够了解你，无法判断你的真实品质，只是为了推销而讨好你。这种赞美在三个方面都不成立：赞美者缺乏可信度，他们的真诚度值得怀疑，而且你在商店花钱的意愿并不是衡量你智力的有意义的情境)”可推知，作者通过提到销售人员的赞美来说明赞美必须满足一定的标准才能被接受。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Imprtant as giving and taking criticism is fr getting alng with thers, ne skill des utperfrm it: the ability t give cmpliments (赞美). Hwever, giving cmpliments is n straightfrward matter and requires skills and knwledge.(与给予和接受批评对与人相处很重要一样，一项技能甚至更胜一筹：那就是给予赞美的能力。然而，给予赞美并不是一件简单的事情，它需要技巧和知识)”以及下文主要讲述赞美的重要性和有效赞美的技巧可知，文章主要讲述有效赞美的重要性和技巧，所以选项A“The Art and Science f Giving Effective Cmpliments(给予有效赞美的艺术与科学)”最符合文章标题。故选A。
七、思辨类
押题1
Winstn Churchill nce said, “Success cnsists f ging frm failure t failure withut lss f enthusiasm.” It’s ne f cuntless platitudes claiming that failure leads t success. But there’s strng evidence that such a cncept is wrngheaded and can lead t terrible real-wrld cnsequences, researchers said in a new reprt.
In fact, many peple d nt learn frm their failures, and it’s stupid t expect therwise, accrding t findings published June 10 in the Jurnal f Experimental Psychlgy: General.
“Peple ften cnfuse what is with what ught t be,” lead researcher Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, an assistant prfessr f management and rganizatins at Nrthwestern University, said in a news release. “Peple ught t pay attentin and learn frm failure, but ften they dn’t because failure is demtivating and self-threatening.”
A series f 11 experiments invlving mre than 1,800 participants fund that peple ften dn’t gain wisdm frm failure, and that expecting them t d s can have ptentially terrible cnsequences: Peple vastly verestimated the percentage f prspective nurses, lawyers and teachers wh pass licensing exams after previusly failing them. Nurses tended t verestimate hw much clleagues wuld learn frm a past errr. Peple assumed that heart patients wuld embrace a healthier lifestyle, when many dn’t.
“Peple expect success t fllw failure much mre ften than it actually des,” Eskreis-Winkler said. “Peple usually assume that past behavir predicts future behavir, s it’s surprising that we ften believe the ppsite when it cmes t succeeding after failure.”
Telling peple they will succeed after failure might reduce the pain f a failure, but that way f thinking wn’t naturally turn int peple learning a lessn, researchers said. On the ther hand, peple can adjust their expectatins f thers when given mre infrmatin abut hw little failure actually brings gd results. Experiments fund peple were mre in favr f taxpayer mney being used fr recvery and drug treatment prgrams when they learned abut the lw rates f success fr peple using thse prgrams.
“Crrecting ur wrng beliefs abut failure culd help mve taxpayer dllars frm punishment t recvery and imprvement,” Eskreis-Winkler said.
1．What des the underlined wrd “platitudes” in Paragrah1 prbably mean?
A．Wrn-ut sayings.B．Cnfirmed principles.
C．Cnvincing examples.D．Cmmn statements.
2．What will assuming success after failure bring abut?
A．Higher success rate.B．N repetitin f mistakes.
C．Varied negative emtins.D．Overptimism abut results.
3．Which f the fllwing cases will the authr apprve f?
A．Being passive abut an intense relatinship.
B．Lwering expectatins f smkers after quit-failures.
C．Cnvincing the students a test failure is unimprtant.
D．Expecting emplyees t learn mre frm wrk failure.
4．What wuld be the best title f the text?
A．Braving Failures Fr SuccessB．Tracking Failure-Success Interplay
C．Failures’ Benefits Might Be OverratedD．Success Ges Hand In Hand With Failure
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章对“失败是成功之母”这一常见观点提出了质疑，并论述了人们往往不能从失败中学习，以及这种错误观念可能导致的现实后果。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“But there’s strng evidence that such a cncept is wrngheaded and can lead t terrible real-wrld cnsequences, researchers said in a new reprt.(但研究人员在一份新报告中指出，有确凿证据表明，这样的观念是错误的，并且可能在现实世界中导致严重的后果。)”可推测，划线单词的意思和“常见的、被广泛提及的”相似。选项D“Cmmn statements.”，意为“常见的陈述”，与此相符。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“A series f 11 experiments invlving mre than 1,800 participants fund that peple ften dn’t gain wisdm frm failure, and that expecting them t d s can have ptentially terrible cnsequences: Peple vastly verestimated the percentage f prspective nurses, lawyers and teachers wh pass licensing exams after previusly failing them. Nurses tended t verestimate hw much clleagues wuld learn frm a past errr. Peple assumed that heart patients wuld embrace a healthier lifestyle, when many dn’t.(一系列由1800多名参与者参与的11项实验发现，人们通常不会从失败中获得智慧，而且指望他们这样做可能会产生潜在的严重后果：人们大大高估了那些之前考试未通过的准护士、律师和教师在再次参加职业资格考试时的通过率。护士往往会高估同事从过去的错误中所能学到的东西。人们以为心脏病患者会接受更健康的生活方式，但实际上很多人并没有。)”以及第五段““Peple expect success t fllw failure much mre ften than it actually des,”Eskreis-Winkler said. “Peple usually assume that past behavir predicts future behavir, s it’s surprising that we ften believe the ppsite when it cmes t succeeding after failure.”(Eskreis-Winkler说：“人们期望失败后能成功的频率，远远高于实际情况。人们通常认为过去的行为可以预测未来的行为，所以令人惊讶的是，当涉及到失败后能否成功时，我们常常持有相反的观点。”)”可知，人们往往认为失败后会成功，但实际并非如此，这种想法会导致人们高估失败后成功的概率，对结果过于乐观。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Telling peple they will succeed after failure might reduce the pain f a failure, but that way f thinking wn’t naturally turn int peple learning a lessn, researchers said. On the ther hand, peple can adjust their expectatins f thers when given mre infrmatin abut hw little failure actually brings gd results.(研究人员表示，告诉人们失败后会成功也许能减轻失败带来的痛苦，但这种思维方式并不会自然而然地让人们吸取教训。另一方面，当人们了解到失败实际上很少能带来好结果的更多信息时，他们可以调整对他人的期望。)”可知，人们常常高估失败后会成功的情况，实际上很多人不会从失败中学习，当人们了解到失败很少能带来好结果的更多信息时，应该调整对他人的期望。选项B“Lwering expectatins f smkers after quit-failures.( 降低对戒烟失败的吸烟者的期望)”符合文章中提到的纠正对失败的错误认知，作者可能会认可。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段““Peple ften cnfuse what is with what ught t be,” lead researcher Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, an assistant prfessr f management and rganizatins at Nrthwestern University, said in a news release. “Peple ught t pay attentin and learn frm failure, but ften they dn’t because failure is demtivating and self-threatening.”(该研究的首席研究员Lauren Eskreis-Winkler是西北大学管理与组织学助理教授，她在一份新闻稿中表示：“人们常常把‘是什么’和‘应该是什么’混为一谈。人们应该留意并从失败中吸取教训，但他们往往做不到，因为失败会让人失去动力，还会威胁到自尊心。”)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇以温斯顿・丘吉尔的话引出关于“失败导致成功”这一观点，接着指出有证据表明这种观念是错误的。随后通过一系列实验说明人们通常不会从失败中获得智慧，且往往高估失败后成功的可能性，还提到纠正对失败的错误认知的意义。选项C“Failures’ Benefits Might Be Overrated(失败的益处可能被高估了)”准确地概括了文章主旨，即人们认为失败能带来成功等益处这种想法是错误的，失败的益处被高估了。故选C。
押题2
It’s n secret that peple feel like they are getting busier.
Yet, are we really crazy busy? Wrk undertaken at the University Cllege Lndn’s Centre fr Time Use Research bldly claims that we are less, nt mre, busy ver the past half century. Hw can that be?
Cnsider this: Mdern inventins like the dishwasher, the washer and dryer, the micrwave and any number f ther labr-saving devices, have fundamentally diminished the time needed fr husehld chres. And “wrk hurs per week declined fr a century,” writes Kyle Kwalski, a best-selling authr, wh investigates in his bk the reasn we feel busy in such a cnvenient sciety.
It isn’t just the reality f hw we spend ur time that has shifted, either. Culturally, hw we define “busy” has als changed cnsiderably.
Histrically, wrking lng hurs didn’t generate admiratin. In ancient Rme, tium, the Latin wrd signifying freedm frm wrk and leisure time, was a dear activity t the wealthy wh culd happily affrd nt t wrk fr a living.
What a difference a few decades makes! Eln Musk, the wealthiest persn n the planet, prtrays himself as a wrkahlic, wrking 80 t 100 hurs per week. Celebrities brag abut their busyness and crazy wrk schedules n scial media. Recent data frm the U. S Census Bureau als suggests that the highest earners wrk the lngest hurs.
Part f this mnumental shift is dwn t the gradual rise f knwledge-intensive ecnmies. Labr markets are increasingly highly structured and cmpetitive, where human capital is ne f the mst prized ecnmic assets. On the supply side, wrkers invest heavily in their educatin and skill develpment, recgnizing that their human capital is their mst marketable resurce. On the demand side, cmpanies, institutins, and headhunters cmpete t attract tp talent and the best brains. All f this has helped usher in an envirnment where lng wrk hurs have becme a status symbl; a way fr individuals t demnstrate their wrth.
As Generative Artificial Intelligence enhances ur prductivity and efficiency at wrk, will we use the extra time t enjy ur lives, r will we simply push mre tasks int an already verladed schedule, seeking a sense f imprtance?
1．Which f the fllwing culd be Kyle Kwalski’s wrk?
A．Why D We Feel S Busy When Research Says We’re Nt?
B．What D Mdern Inventins Bring T Us Nwadays?
C．Hw Des Mdern Technlgy Weaken Our Busyness?
D．When Will Husehld Chres Be Ttally Dne By AI?
2．Why is Eln Musk mentined in paragraph 6?
A．T intrduce a tpic.B．T supprt an idea.
C．T make a predictin.D．T clarify a definitin.
3．Which f the fllwing best explains “mnumental” underlined in paragraph 7?
A．Majr.B．Psitive.C．Abrupt.D．Slight.
4．Why des the authr raise the questins in the last paragraph?
A．T urge readers t seek self-imprtance.
B．T advcate leading a busy and admirable life.
C．T inspire readers t reflect n the busy lifestyle.
D．T suggest fighting against the verladed schedule.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过比较历史和现代的工作观念，探讨了为何现代人尽管有各种劳动力节省设备，但依然感觉非常忙碌。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Wrk undertaken at the University Cllege Lndn’s Centre fr Time Use Research bldly claims that we are less, nt mre, busy ver the past half century. Hw can that be? (伦敦大学学院时间使用研究中心进行的一项研究大胆声称，我们在过去的半个世纪里变得不那么忙了，而不是更加忙碌。怎么可能呢？)”以及第三段“And “wrk hurs per week declined fr a century,” writes Kyle Kwalski, a best-selling authr, wh investigates in his bk the reasn we feel busy in such a cnvenient sciety.(畅销书作家凯尔·科瓦尔斯基在他的书中写道，“每周工作时间减少了一个世纪”，他在书中调查了我们在这样一个便利的社会中感到忙碌的原因)”可推知，凯尔·科瓦尔斯基的书与我们为什么觉得忙碌有关，故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第六段“Eln Musk, the wealthiest persn n the planet, prtrays himself as a wrkahlic, wrking 80 t 100 hurs per week. Celebrities brag abut their busyness and crazy wrk schedules n scial media. Recent data frm the U. S Census Bureau als suggests that the highest earners wrk the lngest hurs.(埃隆·马斯克，地球上最富有的人，把自己描述为一个工作狂，每周工作80到100小时。名人在社交媒体上炫耀他们的忙碌和疯狂的工作时间表。来自美国人口普查局的最新数据显示，收入最高的人工作时间最长)”可推知，提到埃隆·马斯克是为了支持现代社会中长时间工作被视为一种值得仰慕的现象，故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Histrically, wrking lng hurs didn’t generate admiratin.(从历史上看，长时间工作并不会引起人们的赞赏)”以及倒数第三段“What a difference a few decades makes!(几十年的时间改变了很多)”可知，变化是巨大的，而这一巨大转变的部分原因是知识密集型经济的逐渐崛起。所以这里的“mnumental”意为“大规模的、巨大的”，结合选项A最为接近，故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段提出的“As Generative Artificial Intelligence enhances ur prductivity and efficiency at wrk, will we use the extra time t enjy ur lives, r will we simply push mre tasks int (当生成式人工智能提高我们的生产力和工作效率时，我们会利用额外的时间享受生活，还是会简单地将更多任务塞进已经过载的安排中，寻求一种重要感？)”以及全文的讨论，可推知，作者提出这个问题的目的是希望读者能够反思这种忙碌的生活方式，故选C。
八、教育类
押题1
I have been studying the French language fr three years. This field f study has been the hardest but mst precius f my life. I wuld put it abve the study f writing simply because I started writing as a 6-year-ld by under my mther’s guidance. I always “felt” I culd write. I did nt always “feel” I culd study a freign language effectively.
But here I am, right nw, in a French htel. I spke French at the brder, when I checked in and when I went t get lunch. I fail t speak with fluency. I mishear wrds. I can’t really use cmplicated grammar. But my wrds are perfectly understandable and serve their purpse. I feel, as I always d, like I am lst in the dark, but with each misstep, I find my way mre clearly. I didn’t feel it when reading French nvels; I didn’t feel it at schl. I just felt it when I first arrived Paris.
I’m emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as imprtant as any reality. The fear f making mistakes feeds the hpeless and makes learners quit. It is nt the study f language that is hard. It is the feelings f wh yu are at the present level and pessimistic belief f wh yu will always be that make it hard. The transfrmatin t turn struggles int grwth is what truly makes learning a life-changing jurney.
Maybe ne day, smene will say smething t me that I d nt understand, and in that mment. I may feel a bit discuraged. But nw, I feel a sense f being high. These mments f cnfidence and mtivatin are precius, fr they remind me f hw far I’ve cme. They are nt the nrm (常态), thugh. The truth is, the lws are what I encunter mre ften. They are part f the learning prcess, part f the transfrmatin that shapes us int better versins f urselves. And yet, it is thrugh these lws that I am cnstantly learning and grwing.
1．Hw des the authr feel abut making mistakes in French?
A．Awkward.B．Hpeless.C．Cmpetent.D．Rewarding.
2．Why des the authr emphasize feelings?
A．T highlight his struggles in learning French.
B．T shw that psitive thinking can drive grwth.
C．T illustrate that peple shuld fllw their hearts.
D．T clarify his experience in mindset transfrmatin.
2．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．The lws are always fllwed by highs.
B．Feeling cnfident shuld be made a nrm.
C．Struggles are an essential part f learning.
D．The ups are the real times when learning ccurs.
4．Which statement might the authr prbably agree with?
A．Fail again, fail better.B．Stay grunded, wrk fr greatness.
C．Accept the lws, wait fr the chance.D．Be curageus, explre the unknwn.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了学习过程中的挣扎、错误与成长之间的关系，以及这些经历对个人成长的重要性。
1． 推理判断题。根据第二段中“I fail t speak with fluency. I mishear wrds. I can’t really use cmplicated grammar. But my wrds are perfectly understandable and serve their purpse. (我说得不流利。我听错单词。我真的不会使用复杂的语法。但我的话完全可以理解，并且达到了目的。)”以及最后一段中“These mments f cnfidence and mtivatin are precius, fr they remind me f hw far I’ve cme. (这些自信和动力的时刻是宝贵的，因为它们提醒我我已经走了多远。)”可知，作者认为自己在法语中犯错是宝贵的经历，并且能让他意识到自己的进步，故作者认为在法语中犯错是值得的。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The fear f making mistakes feeds the hpeless and makes learners quit. It is nt the study f language that is hard. It is the feelings f wh yu are at the present level and pessimistic belief f wh yu will always be that make it hard. The transfrmatin t turn struggles int grwth is what truly makes learning a life-changing jurney. (对犯错误的恐惧滋养了绝望，使学习者放弃。难的不是语言学习本身。难的是你在当前水平的自我认知，以及你对自己永远会是这样的悲观信念。将挣扎转化为成长的转变，才是真正让学习成为改变人生的旅程。)”可知，作者强调感受是为了表明积极的思考可以推动成长，将挣扎转化为成长的转变，才是真正让学习成为改变人生的旅程。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The truth is, the lws are what I encunter mre ften. They are part f the learning prcess, part f the transfrmatin that shapes us int better versins f urselves. And yet, it is thrugh these lws that I am cnstantly learning and grwing. (事实是，我遇到更多的是低谷。它们是学习过程的一部分，是塑造我们成为更好自己的转变的一部分。然而，正是通过这些低谷，我一直在学习和成长。)”可知，作者认为挣扎和低谷是学习过程中的重要部分，它们有助于我们的成长。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Maybe ne day, smene will say smething t me that I d nt understand, and in that mment. I may feel a bit discuraged. But nw, I feel a sense f being high. These mments f cnfidence and mtivatin are precius, fr they remind me f hw far I’ve cme. (这些自信和动力的时刻是宝贵的，因为它们提醒我我已经走了多远。)”可知，作者认为自己在法语中犯错是宝贵的经历，并且能让他意识到自己的进步；再根据最后一段中“The truth is, the lws are what I encunter mre ften. They are part f the learning prcess, part f the transfrmatin that shapes us int better versins f urselves. And yet, it is thrugh these lws that I am cnstantly learning and grwing. (事实是，我遇到更多的是低谷。它们是学习过程的一部分，是塑造我们成为更好自己的转变的一部分。然而，正是通过这些低谷，我一直在学习和成长。)”可知，作者认为挣扎和低谷是学习过程中的重要部分，它们有助于我们的成长，由此可知，作者可能同意“再试一次，更好地失败”这一观点，即不要害怕失败，要从失败中学习并再次尝试。故选A。
押题2
Teaching is a caregiving prfessin. We all have that ne teacher wh inspired us t aim higher, chse a certain career path, r simply discver ur passins. This rle cmes with nt nly many satisfactins, but lts f pressure t hld yurselves t a higher standard. The respnsibilities f teachers nly increased during the pandemic, s teachers had t shw cmpassin fr students and parents — ften withut expecting the same treatment. That’s why it’s s easy t think f teachers as selfless peple that give it all fr future generatins.
Hwever, where des that leave teachers? Educatrs are taught t d many things, but their educatin is usually lacking in addressing the emtinal prblems f being a teacher. During the pandemic, I failed t make my nline classes as enjyable as pssible fr my students. Later, it turned ut that ther teachers were having prblems as well. I had zer reasns t feel s islated in my experience. What I needed was self-cmpassin. Accrding t Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, “Self-cmpassin is simply cmpassin directed inwards.” In ther wrds, it’s abut shwing yurself the same care and understanding that yu typically shw students r ther peple in yur life. Sme peple have mre self-cmpassin than thers, and wrking twards achieving mre f it can help yu in all aspects f yur life.
Being a teacher cmes with s many expectatins and respnsibilities. In thery, nbdy’s perfect, but there’s great pressure t be a gd rle mdel, educatr, mentr, etc. The inner critic has s much mre “material” t wrk with when yu’ re in frnt f a class. It’s n wnder that in stressful situatins, it’s harder t cntrl yur self-talk. Fr example, if yu fail t uplad a lessn n time, yur inner critic will jump at the chance t say, “Yu’ re s frgetful, and I can’t believe yu did this.”
It’s n secret that teachers are usually under a lt f stress. A part f the slutin can be incrprating self-cmpassin int teaching, which can nt nly enhance a satisfactry jb but als have a gd effect n students.
1．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Teachers’ dedicating themselves t the cause f teaching.
B．Teachers’ shwing great cmpassin fr themselves.
C．Teachers’ suffering frm unknwn mental pressure.
D．Teachers’ failing t learn smething in their careers.
2．Which f the fllwing fits with Dr. Kristin Neff’s view n self-cmpassin?
A．Self-cmpassin is hard fr teachers t learn.
B．Self-cmpassin helps teachers understand students well.
C．The mre self-cmpassin yu have, the mre benefits yu’ll get.
D．The mre yu understand thers, the mre self-cmpassin yu’ll have.
3．What can be inferred frm the example given in paragraph 3?
A．Teachers’ respnsibilities matter.B．Teachers have a lt f wrk pressure.
C．Teachers play a big rle in students’ life.D．It’s nrmal fr teachers t d wrng things.
4．What is mainly talked abut in the text?
A．The imprtance f teachers’ self-cmpassin.
B．The suggestins n raising future generatins.
C．The necessity f reducing the burden n teachers.
D．The appraches t teachers’ grwth and develpment.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了教师自我同情的重要性，指出教育者通常缺乏对自身情感问题的关注，而在疫情期间，教师更需要自我同情来应对压力，同时自我同情也能对教学和学生产生积极影响。
1．词句猜测题。第一段中“That’s why it’s s easy t think f teachers as selfless peple that give it all fr future generatins.(这就是为什么很容易把老师看作是无私的人，他们为下一代付出了一切)”指出老师是无私的人，他们为下一代付出了一切；根据指代关系和第二段中“Hwever, where des that leave teachers? Educatrs are taught t d many things, but their educatin is usually lacking in addressing the emtinal prblems f being a teacher.(然而，那对教师来说意味着什么？教育者被教导要做很多事情，但他们的教育通常缺乏解决作为教师所面临的情感问题)”可知，尽管教育者为下一代付出了一切，但他们自己却通常缺乏对自身情感问题的关注。由此可推断出，指示代词“that”指代的是上文中“老师们无私地为教学事业奉献一切”的这一行为。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Accrding t Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, ‘Self-cmpassin is simply cmpassin directed inwards.’ In ther wrds, it’s abut shwing yurself the same care and understanding that yu typically shw students r ther peple in yur life. Sme peple have mre self-cmpassin than thers, and wrking twards achieving mre f it can help yu in all aspects f yur life.(该领域的主要研究人员克里斯汀·内夫博士说：“自我同情只是向内的同情。”换句话说，就是对自己表现出你通常对学生或生活中其他人表现出的同样的关心和理解。有些人的自我同情比其他人更多，努力获得更多的自我同情可以在你生活的方方面面帮助你)”可知，克里斯汀·内夫博士认为自我同情就是对自己的同情，拥有更多的自我同情可以在生活的各个方面帮助你。由此推知，克里斯汀·内夫博士会赞同“The mre self-cmpassin yu have, the mre benefits yu’ll get.(你拥有的自我同情越多，你得到的益处就越多)”。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Being a teacher cmes with s many expectatins and respnsibilities. In thery, nbdy’s perfect, but there’s great pressure t be a gd rle mdel, educatr, mentr, etc.(作为一名教师，有很多期望和责任。从理论上讲，没有人是完美的，但要成为一个好的榜样、教育者、导师等等，压力是很大的)”和“Fr example, if yu fail t uplad a lessn n time, yur inner critic will jump at the chance t say, ‘Yu’ re s frgetful, and I can’t believe yu did this.’(例如，如果你没有按时上传课程，你内心的批评者会抓住机会说：‘你太健忘了，我不相信你竟然会这样做。’)”可知，本段通过未能按时上传课程的例子，说明了教师内心的批评者会如何利用这个机会来指责自己，由此可推断出，这个例子表明了教师的工作压力很大。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中“What I needed was self-cmpassin. Accrding t Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, ‘Self-cmpassin is simply cmpassin directed inwards.’ In ther wrds, it’s abut shwing yurself the same care and understanding that yu typically shw students r ther peple in yur life. Sme peple have mre self-cmpassin than thers, and wrking twards achieving mre f it can help yu in all aspects f yur life.(我需要的是自我同情。该领域的主要研究人员克里斯汀·内夫博士说：“自我同情只是向内的同情。”换句话说，就是对自己表现出你通常对学生或生活中其他人表现出的同样的关心和理解。有些人的自我同情比其他人更多，努力获得更多的自我同情可以在你生活的方方面面帮助你)”和最后一段“It’s n secret that teachers are usually under a lt f stress. A part f the slutin can be incrprating self-cmpassin int teaching, which can nt nly enhance a satisfactry jb but als have a gd effect n students.(众所周知，教师通常承受着很大的压力。解决方案的一部分可以是将自我同情融入教学中，这不仅可以提升工作的满意度，而且对学生也有好处)”可知，文章主要指出教师需要关注自身的情感问题，通过自我同情来应对压力，同时也能对教学产生积极影响，即论述了教师自我同情的重要性。故选A项。
押题3
Sme futurists have gne s far as t say that, intelligent machines will replace teachers within10 years. Nt surprisingly, this causes cncern amng educatrs. As artificial intelligence (AI) develps, it is playing an increasingly imprtant rle in educatin. But shuld teachers really be wrried?
I have been invlved in AI in educatin thrughut my career, develped award-winning AI-based prducts. While I am mre excited than ever abut the ptential f AI t imprve the quality and ecnmies f learning, I dn’t think educatrs shuld wrry abut being replaced by machines. Instead, AI is mre likely t empwer teachers: reduce verwrk, and make their jbs mre rewarding.
Studies shw that teachers have mre impact n students’ achievement than any ther aspect f schling, and effective teachers have a lasting impact n students’ success. Yet many teachers reprt that their wrklad is unmanageable, and much f their time is devted t activities ther than teaching. This is an area where AI can help. Fr example, by autmating the scring f student wrk teachers spend less time n grading assignments and data input and management and fcus instead n respnding t students’ needs.
Teachers with large classes find it stressful t meet the needs f individual students. AI can give these the practice pprtunities and individualized feedback that they therwise might nt receive. Teachers have few pprtunities t interact with students utside f the classrm. AI-based learning envirnments can be made available t students anywhere and anytime. Learning can cntinue utside f the classrm. This helps every learner t make rapid prgress tward mastery f their subjects.
Thus, the questin shuld nt be whether AI will replace teachers, but hw it can supprt teacher and learners bth inside and utside the classrm.
1．Accrding t what futurists say in the first paragraph, we can learn ________.
A．AI might be a threat t educatrs
B．teachers are irreplaceable in schl
C．intelligent machines are develping fast
D．the teacher is playing an imprtant rle in educatin
2．What is the authr’s pinin abut AI in educatin?
A．AI can replace teachers.
B．AI is less useful than educatrs.
C．AI can make educatin very prfitable.
D．AI has the ptential t replace teachers.
3．Accrding t the authr, AI can supprt teachers by ________.
A．interacting with students
B．helping teachers rganize class activities
C．reducing the time teachers spend n activities ther than teaching
D．helping teachers check hw students are mastering what they have learnt
4．What is the authr mainly talking abut?
A．The develpment f AI.
B．The ways that AI can help educatrs.
C．The imprtance f educatrs in educatin.
D．The impacts that teachers have had n educatin.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章中作者认为人工智能不但不会威胁到教师这份职业，它还可以帮助教师一起工作，并且具体讲述了人工智能帮助教育工作者的方式。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Sme futurists have gne s far as t say that, intelligent machines will replace teachers within10 years.(一些未来学家甚至说，智能机器将在10年内取代教师)”可知，一些未来学家认为人工智能可能对教育工作者构成威胁。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Instead, AI is mre likely t empwer teachers: reduce verwrk, and make their jbs mre rewarding.(相反，人工智能更有可能为教师的工作助力：减少过度工作，让他们的工作更有价值)”可知，作者认为人工智能不但不会威胁到教师这份职业，它还可以帮助老师一起工作。C选项（人工智能可以对教育非常有好处）符合题意。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Yet many teachers reprt that their wrklad is unmanageable, and much f their time is devted t activities ther than teaching. This is an area where AI can help. Fr example, by autmating the scring f student wrk teachers spend less time n grading assignments and data input and management and fcus instead n respnding t students’ needs.(然而，许多教师报告说，他们的工作量难以管理，他们的大部分时间都花在了教学以外的活动上。这是人工智能可以提供帮助的领域。例如，通过自动评分学生作业，教师花在批改作业、数据输入和管理上的时间更少，而专注于回应学生的需求)”可知，人工智能可以通过减少教师在教学以外的活动上花费的时间的方式支持教师。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“Instead, AI is mre likely t empwer teachers: reduce verwrk, and make their jbs mre rewarding.(相反，人工智能更有可能为教师的工作助力：减少过度工作，让他们的工作更有价值)”及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述人工智能对教育工作者的帮助。B选项 (人工智能帮助教育工作者的方式。)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
猜押考点
3年真题
词数和体裁
话题
考情分析
押题依据
阅读理解议论文
2024年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C篇
343议论文
讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果
议论文是英语中的重要文体，在阅读理解中占有一定的比例。
议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。
高考英语阅读理解中的议论文通常涉及社会、文化、教育、科技、环境等领域的争议性或热点话题。这类文章旨在考查学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力以及对作者观点和态度的把握。
2024年全国甲卷阅读D篇
343议论文
通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点
2023年全国乙卷D篇
289议论文
论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义
一、思想哲理类
二、人工智能类 (批判性思维)
三、心理学类
四、科学研究类
五、文化与艺术类
六、社会生活类
七、思辨类
八、教育类
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
347
失败的心理痛苦如何能够激励个人在缺乏熟练度的活动中变得更好
议论文
细节理解、主旨要义。
思想哲理类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人生哲理、价值观、道德观、成功与失败等深层次的主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的思辨能力和对抽象概念的理解能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
339
培养成长型思维模式更有益，要正视事情带来的感受，认识到无法掌控一切，努力提升应对意外挑战的能力
议论文
推理判断、主旨要义。
思想哲理类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人生哲理、价值观、道德观、成功与失败等深层次的主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的思辨能力和对抽象概念的理解能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
362
反思性思考在追求个人幸福和成功方面的作用及其局限性
议论文
细节理解、主旨要义、词句猜测、推理判断。
思想哲理类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人生哲理、价值观、道德观、成功与失败等深层次的主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的思辨能力和对抽象概念的理解能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
345
AI 使人类认知面临过时风险，引发对人类地位和未来的担忧
议论文
推理判断
人工智能是当前科技领域的热门话题，也是高考英语阅读理解中的高频主题之一。这类文章通常涉及人工智能的发展、应用、影响及其引发的伦理和社会问题。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
290
文章提出企业应通过战略性设计，利用AI增强和升级工作任务，推动工作转型
议论文
推理判断、词句猜测、主旨大意
人工智能是当前科技领域的热门话题，也是高考英语阅读理解中的高频主题之一。这类文章通常涉及人工智能的发展、应用、影响及其引发的伦理和社会问题。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
332
引用学者的观点和对比人类思维与人工智能的不同
议论文
推理判断、细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断
人工智能是当前科技领域的热门话题，也是高考英语阅读理解中的高频主题之一。这类文章通常涉及人工智能的发展、应用、影响及其引发的伦理和社会问题。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
353
心理学家弗洛姆关于“拥有”和“存在”两种心态的观点，指出“拥有”心态的问题并建议人们做出改变
议论文
推理判断、词句猜测、细节理解
心理学类阅读理解是高考英语中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人类行为、情绪、认知、心理健康等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的逻辑思维能力和对心理学概念的理解能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
350
心理学家马斯洛的需求层次理论，以及金钱在满足人类需求中的作用
议论文
推理判断、词句猜测、细节理解
心理学类阅读理解是高考英语中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人类行为、情绪、认知、心理健康等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的逻辑思维能力和对心理学概念的理解能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
311
人格测试的局限性以及人格并非固定不变的观点
议论文
推理判断、词句猜测、细节理解、主旨大意
心理学类阅读理解是高考英语中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人类行为、情绪、认知、心理健康等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的逻辑思维能力和对心理学概念的理解能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
368
论述了科学的本质
议论文
推理判断、主旨大意、细节理解
科学研究类说明文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及科学发现、实验研究、技术应用、科学原理等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的科学素养和逻辑思维能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
354
发明创造不是一蹴而就的，而往往来自不断的试错过程
议论文
推理判断
科学研究类说明文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及科学发现、实验研究、技术应用、科学原理等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的科学素养和逻辑思维能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
360
科学的本质是集体、不完美且多面的过程
议论文
推理判断、主旨大意
科学研究类说明文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及科学发现、实验研究、技术应用、科学原理等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的科学素养和逻辑思维能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
369
在全球化时代，理解并适应文化差异是促进国际合作与社会和谐的关键
议论文
推理判断、词句猜测、细节理解
文化与艺术类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及文化传承、艺术价值、文化多样性、艺术与社会的关系等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的文化素养和对艺术话题的思辨能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
308
作者对艺术在生活中的重要性的看法
议论文
推理判断、细节理解
文化与艺术类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及文化传承、艺术价值、文化多样性、艺术与社会的关系等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的文化素养和对艺术话题的思辨能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
388
人工智能(AI)和机器人如Ai-Da对艺术定义和人类创造力的影响，以及AI在艺术领域的潜在作用和未来发展方向
议论文
推理判断、词义猜测、细节理解
文化与艺术类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及文化传承、艺术价值、文化多样性、艺术与社会的关系等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的文化素养和对艺术话题的思辨能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
324
梭罗的简单生活理念及其对现代生活的启示
议论文
推理判断、主旨大意、细节理解
社会生活类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型之一，通常涉及社会现象、生活方式、人际关系、社会问题等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的社会观察能力和逻辑思维能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
325
现代社会中人们普遍存在的过度忙碌和“多任务处理”现象，以及这种生活方式对个人创造力和工作效率的负面影响
议论文
推理判断、细节理解
社会生活类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型之一，通常涉及社会现象、生活方式、人际关系、社会问题等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的社会观察能力和逻辑思维能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
366
赞美他人的重要性、有效赞美的标准及方式
议论文
推理判断、主旨大意
社会生活类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型之一，通常涉及社会现象、生活方式、人际关系、社会问题等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的社会观察能力和逻辑思维能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
346
文章对“失败是成功之母”这一常见观点提出了质疑
议论文
推理判断、词句猜测、主旨大意
思辨类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的高难度题型之一，通常涉及哲学、伦理、社会争议等深层次主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备较强的逻辑思维能力、批判性思维能力和对抽象概念的理解能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
362
通过比较历史和现代的工作观念，探讨了为何现代人尽管有各种劳动力节省设备，但依然感觉非常忙碌
议论文
推理判断、词句猜测、细节理解
思辨类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的高难度题型之一，通常涉及哲学、伦理、社会争议等深层次主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备较强的逻辑思维能力、批判性思维能力和对抽象概念的理解能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
339
论述了学习过程中的挣扎、错误与成长之间的关系，以及这些经历对个人成长的重要性
议论文
推理判断
教育类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的高频题型之一，通常涉及教育理念、教育制度、学习方法、教育改革等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的教育背景知识和对教育问题的思辨能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
357
论述了教师自我同情的重要性
议论文
推理判断、词句猜测、主旨大意
教育类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的高频题型之一，通常涉及教育理念、教育制度、学习方法、教育改革等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的教育背景知识和对教育问题的思辨能力。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
289
作者认为人工智能不但不会威胁到教师这份职业
议论文
推理判断、细节理解、主旨大意
教育类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的高频题型之一，通常涉及教育理念、教育制度、学习方法、教育改革等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的教育背景知识和对教育问题的思辨能力。