广东省深圳市高级中学高中园2025届高三下学期3月一模试题 英语 含解析

这是一份广东省深圳市高级中学高中园2025届高三下学期3月一模试题 英语 含解析，共21页。试卷主要包含了考试结束，监考人员将答题卡收回等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本试卷分为第 I 卷(选择题)和第 II 卷(非选择题)两部分，第 I 卷为 1-35 题，共 65 分，第 II 卷为 36-47 题，共 55 分。全卷共计 120 分。考试时间为 120 分钟。
注意事项:
1、答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2、每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。
3、考试结束，监考人员将答题卡收回。
第 I 卷 (本卷共计 65 分)
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Stries f art 1400-1500
The Renaissance (文艺复兴) was ne f the mst dynamic perids in the histry f Eurpean art and culture, prducing remarkable develpments in painting, architecture, sculpture, music, philsphy and science.
In this mdule, we examine the meaning f the term “Renaissance”, and learn abut the influence f humanism, the inventin f linear perspective and the rise f the individual. J Waltn, an art histrian and lecturer specialising in the art and architecture f the Italian Renaissance and n aspects f British art f the 20th century, will be yur tutr.
Arrangements
Each sessin lasts fr 2 hurs frm 5:30 t 7:30 pm, and includes a lecture delivered by the lecturer fllwed by a shrt break and further discussin. Time will be allwed fr questins and discussin via Q&A. Handuts will be available via yur Natinal Gallery accunt n Tuesday mrnings.
Can’t make Wednesday evenings? N prblem. Each sessin is recrded and made available t yu fr the duratin f the curse, up until 2 weeks after the final sessin. A vide f the week’s lecture will be upladed and available fr yu t watch via yur Natinal Gallery accunt n Friday afternns.
Bking infrmatin
This is an nline ticketed curse hsted n Zm. Please bk a ticket t access the curse. Only ne ticket can be bked per accunt. Yu will be emailed an E-ticket with instructins n hw t access the curse via yur Natinal Gallery accunt.
Price
Standard: £90
Cncessins: £75
Cncessins are fr students, jbseekers, and disabled adults.
1. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T advertise an art gallery.B. T intrduce an nline curse.
C. T demnstrate a histric perid.D. T prmte a painting cmpetitin.
2. What can yu d if yu miss a sessin n Wednesday evenings?
A. Cntact the lecturer.B. Attend a makeup sessin.
C. Watch the recrded vide.D. Purchase additinal access.
3. Hw much shuld an unemplyed father and his 1st-grade sn pay?
A. £75.B. £90.C. £150.D. £165.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了一个关于“文艺复兴”的在线课程，介绍了课程安排、预订信息和价格等。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“In this mdule, we examine the meaning f the term “Renaissance”, and learn abut the influence f humanism, the inventin f linear perspective and the rise f the individual. (在本模块中，我们将研究“文艺复兴”一词的含义，并了解人文主义的影响、线性视角的发明和个人的崛起。)”和文中“Arrangements (安排)”、“Bking infrmatin (预订信息)”等可知，本文主要介绍了一个关于“文艺复兴”的在线课程，介绍课程安排和预订信息等，由此可知，本文的目的是介绍一门在线课程。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段内容“Can’t make Wednesday evenings? N prblem. Each sessin is recrded and made available t yu fr the duratin f the curse, up until 2 weeks after the final sessin. A vide f the week’s lecture will be upladed and available fr yu t watch via yur Natinal Gallery accunt n Friday afternns. (不能安排周三晚上吗？没问题。每节课都会被记录下来，并在课程期间提供给你，直到最后一节课结束后2周。本周讲座的视频将被上传，你可以在周五下午通过你的国家美术馆帐户观看。)”可知，如果错过了周三晚上的课程，可以通过国家美术馆帐户观看录制的课程视频，由此可知，如果你错过了周三晚上的课程，你可以观看录制的视频。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Price”部分关键句“Cncessins: £75 (优惠价：75英镑)”和“Cncessins are fr students, jbseekers, and disabled adults. (优惠价适用于学生、求职者和残疾成年人。)”可知，优惠适用于学生、求职者和残疾成年人，优惠价格是每人75英镑，由此可知，一个失业的父亲和他一年级的儿子可以享受优惠价格，应该付150英镑。故选C项。
B
My husband Stephen and I had planned a trip t Lithuania and Pland, but his wrsening heart cnditin prevented him frm jining. He insisted I g alne, marking my first sl jurney in ver 20 years. Despite my fears, I set ff, feeling like I was n a flying Nah’s Ark surrunded by cuples.
In Vilnius, I fund cmfrt in a website, which ffered pay-what-yu-chse walking turs. These turs became the highlight f my trip. I tk five turs, each mrning setting ut t explre the city’s ld twn, a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site, and sent Stephen phts each night. Our guide, Ieva, shared her deep knwledge f histry and culture. I cnnected with travelers frm varius backgrunds, including a Plish prfessr wh invited me t an art exhibit. I als traced my grandmther’s ftsteps in Jewish Vilnius, visiting places she might have knwn. These turs, full f surprises, were perfect fr a sl traveler, ffering cnnectin and flexibility. On my last day, Ieva gifted me a chclate map f Lithuania fr my enthusiastic participatin.
I missed Stephen but grew increasingly cnfident in managing daily life challenges. I navigated apartment lckbxes, shpped in lcal supermarkets, and cked, activities I was nce less skillful at. In Pland, I cntinued with pay-what-yu-chse turs, adapting t larger grups. I walked ver 20,000 steps daily, ften revisiting places frm the turs r discvering street festivals. In Ldz, I tk a private tur with Milena, wh helped me find my family’s histry, including the hmes f my great aunts and their sufferings during the war.
Stephen was hspitalized just befre I returned, and we spent his hspital stay lking at my trip phts and vides. His recvery was slw, but my independent travels allwed me t manage ur hme smthly, benefiting us bth. This jurney nt nly recnnected me with my rts but als empwered me with a newfund cnfidence in my ability t travel and live n my wn.
4. Why did the authr chse t travel alne?
A. She had a tight budget.
B. She argued with her husband.
C. Her husband was in bad health.
D. Her husband feared t travel abrad.
5. What can we learn abut the authr frm paragraph 2?
A. She tk all turs n her wn.B. She bnded with sme travellers.
C. She lst cntact with her husband.D. She encuntered many challenges.
6. What did the authr d during the private tur in Ldz?
A. Visit places f interest.B. Attend a histry curse.
C. Participate in street festivals.D. Learn mre abut her family.
7. Which f the fllwing best describes the authr?
A. Independent.B. Ambitius.C. Warm-hearted.D. Generus.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因丈夫健康问题独自旅行的经历，通过探索家族历史和个人成长，获得了新的自信和独立能力。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“My husband Stephen and I had planned a trip t Lithuania and Pland, but his wrsening heart cnditin prevented him frm jining. He insisted I g alne, marking my first sl jurney in ver 20 years. (我和我的丈夫斯蒂芬计划了一次去立陶宛和波兰的旅行，但他的心脏病恶化，使他无法同行。他坚持让我独自前往，这成为我二十多年来第一次独自旅行。)” 可知，作者选择独自旅行是因为丈夫身体不好。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“I cnnected with travelers frm varius backgrunds, including a Plish prfessr wh invited me t an art exhibit. (我与来自不同背景的旅行者建立了联系，其中包括一位邀请我参观艺术展览的波兰教授。)”可知，作者与来自不同背景的旅行者建立了联系。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In Ldz, I tk a private tur with Milena, wh helped me find my family's histry, including the hmes f my great aunts and their sufferings during the war. (在罗兹，我和米莱娜一起进行了一次私人旅行，她帮我探寻了家族的历史，包括我姑婆们的住所，以及她们在战争期间所遭受的苦难。)”可知，在罗兹的私人旅行中，作者了解了更多关于她家族的历史。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“His recvery was slw, but my independent travels allwed me t manage ur hme smthly, benefiting us bth. This jurney nt nly recnnected me with my rts but als empwered me with a newfund cnfidence in my ability t travel and live n my wn. (他的康复过程很缓慢，但我这次独自旅行让我能够从容地打理我们的家，这对我们两人都有好处。这次旅程不仅让我重新寻回了自己的根脉渊源，还赋予了我一种新的自信，让我相信自己有能力独自旅行和生活。)”以及文中作者独自旅行，在旅行中处理各种事务，如管理公寓锁箱、在当地超市购物、做饭等，可知作者能够独立处理很多事情，她是独立的。故选A。
C
Sarah Presch, digital marketing directr at Dragn Metrics, highlights cncerns abut hw Ggle manages search results, particularly n cntrversial tpics. She discvered that Ggle is essentially delivering infrmatin based n what users want t see, rather than prviding a balanced view, creating a “bias (偏见) machine”.
With ver 6.3 millin queries prcessed every secnd, Ggle's search results hld immense influence ver public knwledge and perceptin. Users tend t fcus nly n the first few links, limiting their expsure t diverse viewpints. This dynamic raises the issue f “filter bubbles”, where users may be trapped in a cycle that strengthens their existing beliefs. Critics argue that the algrithms (算法) used by Ggle cntribute significantly t this prblem, presenting a limited selectin f infrmatin based n users’ preferences.
Mark Williams-Ck, funder f AlsAsked, emphasizes the technical limitatins f search engines and the misunderstandings surrunding them. He references internal Ggle dcuments revealing that the cmpany ften relies n user engagement data rather than cmprehending cntent. This practice can prmte cnfirmatin bias, leading users twards infrmatin that aligns with their views, similar t a child chsing an unhealthy diet based nly n preference.
Ggle acknwledges the cmplexity f its search system and emphasizes nging effrts t enhance its algrithms t tackle these issues. While the cmpany declares that it prvides a range f viewpints, the reality remains that mst users d nt g beynd the tp search results, which limits their expsure t diverse perspectives.
Critics believe Ggle shuld better educate users abut hw its search engine functins, as a clearer understanding f these prcesses culd fster critical cnsumptin f infrmatin. As Ggle evlves int an “answer engine” that prvides direct infrmatin, the challenge f ensuring balanced and infrmative cntent remains crucial fr public knwledge.
8. What is a pssible cnsequence f “filter bubbles”?
A. A craze fr cntrversial tpics.B. A prhibitin n search engines.
C. Dependence n nline infrmatin.D. Inaccessibility t differing pinins.
9. Why des Mark Williams-Ck criticize Ggle’s search engine?
A. It depends heavily n user data.B. It prvides wrng infrmatin.
C. It prmtes unhealthy lifestyles.D. It fails t cmprehend instructins.
10. What des Ggle declare regarding search results?
A. It prvides a diversity f ideas.B. It’s the users wh are t blame.
C. Its algrithms are accurate enugh.D. Its search system is far frm cmplex.
11. What d critics suggest Ggle d?
A. Prvide easier access t infrmatin.
B. Teach mre public knwledge nline.
C. Educate its users abut cnsumptin habits.
D. Publicize its search engine’s wrking principle.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是议论文。文章围绕Ggle搜索结果的管理方式，特别是其在处理有争议话题时的表现展开了讨论，提出了关于Ggle可能创造“偏见机器”的观点。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“With ver 6.3 millin queries prcessed every secnd, Ggle's search results hld immense influence ver public knwledge and perceptin. Users tend t fcus nly n the first few links, limiting their expsure t diverse viewpints. This dynamic raises the issue f “filter bubbles”, where users may be trapped in a cycle that strengthens their existing beliefs. Critics argue that the algrithms (算法) used by Ggle cntribute significantly t this prblem, presenting a limited selectin f infrmatin based n users’ preferences. (谷歌每秒处理超过630万次查询，其搜索结果对公众知识和认知具有巨大影响。用户往往只关注前几个链接，限制了他们接触多样化观点的机会。这种现象引发了“filter bubbles”问题，即用户可能陷入一个强化其现有信念的循环中。批评者认为，谷歌使用的算法在很大程度上加剧了这一问题，因为它根据用户的偏好呈现有限的信息选择。)”可知，“filter bubbles”可能使用户不能接受不同的意见。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Mark Williams-Ck, funder f AlsAsked, emphasizes the technical limitatins f search engines and the misunderstandings surrunding them. He references internal Ggle dcuments revealing that the cmpany ften relies n user engagement data rather than cmprehending cntent. This practice can prmte cnfirmatin bias, leading users twards infrmatin that aligns with their views, similar t a child chsing an unhealthy diet based nly n preference. (AlsAsked的创始人Mark Williams-Ck强调了搜索引擎的技术局限性以及围绕它们的误解。他引用了谷歌内部文件，揭示该公司通常依赖用户参与数据，而不是理解内容。这种做法可能会助长确认偏误，使用户倾向于选择与其观点一致的信息，类似于孩子仅根据偏好选择不健康的饮食)”可知，因为搜索引擎的技术在很大程度上取决于用户数据，所以Mark Williams-Ck批评谷歌的搜索引擎。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Ggle acknwledges the cmplexity f its search system and emphasizes nging effrts t enhance its algrithms t tackle these issues. While the cmpany declares that it prvides a range f viewpints, the reality remains that mst users d nt g beynd the tp search results, which limits their expsure t diverse perspectives. (谷歌承认其搜索系统的复杂性，并强调正在不断努力改进算法以解决这些问题。尽管该公司声称提供多种观点，但现实情况是大多数用户不会浏览超出顶部搜索结果的内容，这限制了他们接触多样化观点的机会。)”可知，谷歌对搜索结果声称提供多种观点。故选A项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Critics believe Ggle shuld better educate users abut hw its search engine functins, as a clearer understanding f these prcesses culd fster critical cnsumptin f infrmatin. As Ggle evlves int an “answer engine” that prvides direct infrmatin, the challenge f ensuring balanced and infrmative cntent remains crucial fr public knwledge. (批评者认为，谷歌应该更好地教育用户了解其搜索引擎的运作方式，因为对这些过程的更清晰理解可以促进信息的批判性消费。随着谷歌逐渐演变为一个提供直接信息的“答案引擎”，确保内容平衡和信息丰富的挑战对于公众知识仍然至关重。要)”可知，批评家们建议谷歌宣传其搜索引擎的工作原理。故选D项。
D
Nne f us wuld like t believe that we are capable f evil. Hwever, Zimbard’s Stanfrd prisn experiment shwed that we all have this ptential. It all depends n the situatin.
Phillip Zimbard was a researcher at Stanfrd University. In 1972, he recruited (招募) 24 mentally healthy, male, cllege students fr an experiment taking place in a fake (假的) prisn in the basement f Stanfrd. These participants were randmly divided int 2 grups: prisn guards and prisners. The guards received a unifrm and mirrred sunglasses t wear fr the jb. Then, after being sent hme, the prisners were publicly arrested at their hmes n a Sunday mrning. They were prcessed at a real plice statin befre being transprted t the ‘prisn’.
N ne culd have predicted what wuld happen next. The guards weren’t given any specific instructins n hw t behave. Yet, very sn they began acting in extreme ways: they prevented prisners frm eating, tk away their bedding, frced them t remve their clthes, and even punished them with chres such as cleaning tilets with their bare hands. As well as this, the prisners were submitting t the guards - even thugh they knew that they hadn’t actually dne anything wrng and weren’t even in a real prisn!
After just thirty-six hurs, a prisner had t be remved frm the study as he had sunk int a deep depressin with fits f anger and uncntrllable crying. A few days later, ther prisners displayed similar symptms. The guards als cntinued t abuse them. It was at this pint that Zimbard was tld t stp the experiment. It was shut dwn after just six days.
This experiment demnstrates the pwer f the situatin in influencing hw we act. Gd peple, just like yu r me, are capable f evil acts. Hwever, the pwer f the situatin desn’t always have t be bad: it can als be a frce fr gd.
Of curse, we culd never repeat this experiment fr ethical (伦理的) reasns. This means that we need t assess hw valid Zimbard’s cnclusins really are. Fr example, demand characteristics - hw the guards assumed they shuld act - may have significantly shaped their behaviur.
12 What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The aim f the experiment.B. The design f the experiment.
C. The finding f the experiment.D. The limitatin f the experiment.
13. What behaviurs did the guards exhibit?
A. They abused prisners.B. They criticized prisners.
C. They fllwed the instructins.D. They cmmitted crimes f vilence.
14. Why did Zimbard stp the experiment?
A. The experiment achieved its gals.
B. The experiment became unaffrdable.
C. The guards turned ut uncntrllable.
D. The prisners suffered mental cllapses.
15. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. A cnflict in prisn
B. A pineer in psychlgy
C. The pwer f the situatin
D. The imprtance f virtues
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是菲利普·津巴多1972年斯坦福监狱实验的过程及其对人性的深刻启示。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Phillip Zimbard was a researcher at Stanfrd University. In 1972, he recruited (招募) 24 mentally healthy, male, cllege students fr an experiment taking place in a fake (假的) prisn in the basement f Stanfrd. These participants were randmly divided int 2 grups: prisn guards and prisners. The guards received a unifrm and mirrred sunglasses t wear fr the jb. Then, after being sent hme, the prisners were publicly arrested at their hmes n a Sunday mrning. They were prcessed at a real plice statin befre being transprted t the ‘prisn’. (菲利普·津巴多是斯坦福大学的一名研究员。1972年，他招募了24名心理健康、男性大学生参与一项在斯坦福地下室的假监狱中进行的实验。这些参与者被随机分为两组：狱警和囚犯。狱警得到了制服和反光太阳镜作为工作装备。随后，在周日早上，这些囚犯被从家中公开逮捕，他们在一个真正的警察局办理手续后被送往“监狱”。)”可知，第二段介绍描述了实验参与者的招募、分组、实验环境以及角色的分配等信息，由此可知，第二段主要介绍的是实验的设计。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The guards weren’t given any specific instructins n hw t behave. Yet, very sn they began acting in extreme ways: they prevented prisners frm eating, tk away their bedding, frced them t remve their clthes, and even punished them with chres such as cleaning tilets with their bare hands. (狱警们没有得到任何关于如何行事的具体指示。然而，很快他们就开始以极端的方式行事：他们阻止囚犯进食，拿走他们的寝具，强迫他们脱掉衣服，甚至用诸如徒手清洁厕所等苦役来惩罚他们。)”可知，“狱警”在没有指令的情况下剥夺“囚犯”的基本需求以及羞辱性惩罚等，由此可知，“狱警”们展现了虐待囚犯的行为。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After just thirty-six hurs, a prisner had t be remved frm the study as he had sunk int a deep depressin with fits f anger and uncntrllable crying. A few days later, ther prisners displayed similar symptms. The guards als cntinued t abuse them. (仅仅过了三十六个小时，一名囚犯不得不被从研究中移除，因为他陷入了深深的抑郁中，伴有愤怒发作和无法控制的哭泣。几天后，其他囚犯也表现出类似的症状。狱警们继续对他们进行虐待。)”可知，一些囚犯出现了严重的情绪崩溃，表现出抑郁、愤怒爆发和无法控制的哭泣等症状，其他囚犯在几天后也表现出类似症状，由此可知，实验终止的直接原因是囚犯的心理崩溃。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nne f us wuld like t believe that we are capable f evil. Hwever, Zimbard’s Stanfrd prisn experiment shwed that we all have this ptential. It all depends n the situatin. (我们都不愿意相信自己有能力做出坏事。然而，津巴多的斯坦福监狱实验表明，我们每个人都有这种潜在的可能性。这一切都取决于所处的环境。)”以及下文介绍的Zimbard的实验过程和第五段中的“This experiment demnstrates the pwer f the situatin in influencing hw we act. Gd peple, just like yu r me, are capable f evil acts. Hwever, the pwer f the situatin desn’t always have t be bad: it can als be a frce fr gd. (这个实验展示了环境在影响我们行为方面的强大力量。就像你我这样的好人，也有可能做出邪恶的行为。然而，环境的力量并不总是负面的：它也可以成为一股向善的力量。)”可知，本文通过介绍斯坦福鉴于的实验，说明了环境对人类行为的影响，强调环境因素可能激发“善”或“恶”的潜在倾向。所以，题目“环境的力量”概括了本文的主旨大意，适合作为标题。故选C项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We spend arund a third f ur lives sleeping. It is vital t ur survival, but despite years f research, scientists still aren’t entirely sure why we d it.
There have been many theries abut why humans sleep, frm a way t rest after the day’s activities t simply a way t fill time until we can d smething useful. ____16____. The bdy repairs itself just as well when we are sitting quietly. And we wuldn’t need t catch up n sleep during the day if it were just t fill empty time at night. One f the majr prblems with sleep insufficiency is a resulting decline in cgnitive (认知) ability.____17____. We will find urselves struggling with memry, learning, planning and reasning.
A lack f sleep can actually have severe effects n ur md and perfrmance f everyday tasks. Sleep can be divided int tw brad stages: nn-rapid eye mvement (NREM), and rapid eye mvement (REM) sleep. ____18____. When this is ccurring, this is the time when we sleep the deepest. Withut NREM sleep, ur ability t frm declarative memries, such as learning t assciate pairs f wrds, can be seriusly impaired. ____19____. It is als the time f peak grwth hrmne (荷尔蒙) release in the bdy. This stage is imprtant fr cell reprductin and repair.
____20____. Sme scientists argue that it allws ur brains a safe place t practice dealing with situatins r emtins that we might nt encunter during ur daily lives. Others think that it might be a way t unlearn memries, r t prcess unwanted feelings r emtins. Hwever, n ne knws the real answer.
A. The majrity f ur sleep is NREM.
B. The purpse f REM sleep is unclear.
C. But all f these ideas are smewhat imperfect.
D. Our brains just dn’t wrk prperly withut sleep.
E. Scientists managed t discver the secret f sleep.
F. Peple dn’t knw the rle NREM plays in imprving ur health.
G. Deep sleep is imprtant fr turning shrt-term memries int lng-term strage.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了睡眠对于人类的重要性，睡眠包括的两个阶段及科学家对不同阶段的研究成果。
【16题详解】
前文“There have been many theries abut why humans sleep, frm a way t rest after the day’s activities t simply a way t fill time until we can d smething useful.(关于人类为什么睡觉，有很多理论，从在一天的活动结束后的一种休息方式，到仅仅是一种打发时间直到我们可以做一些有用的事情的方式)”介绍了关于人们为什么睡觉的一些传统理论，后文“The bdy repairs itself just as well when we are sitting quietly. And we wuldn’t need t catch up n sleep during the day if it were just t fill empty time at night.(当我们安静地坐着时，身体也能自我修复。如果只是为了填补晚上的空虚时间，我们就不需要在白天补觉了)”反驳这些理论，C选项“但所有这些想法多少都不完美”承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
【17题详解】
前文“One f the majr prblems with sleep insufficiency is a resulting decline in cgnitive (认知) ability.(睡眠不足的一个主要问题是导致认知能力下降)”说明睡眠不足导致认知功能下降，后文“We will find urselves struggling with memry, learning, planning and reasning.(我们会发现自己在记忆、学习、计划和推理方面挣扎)”具体说明睡眠不足导致认知功能下降的表现，D选项“没有睡眠，大脑无法正常工作”直接说明睡眠对于大脑认知的重要性，引出下文睡眠不足产生的后果。故选D。
【18题详解】
前文“Sleep can be divided int tw brad stages: nn-rapid eye mvement (NREM), and rapid eye mvement (REM) sleep.(睡眠可分为两大阶段：非快速眼动（NREM）和快速眼动（REM）睡眠)”说明了睡眠的两个阶段，后文“When this is ccurring, this is the time when we sleep the deepest. Withut NREM sleep, ur ability t frm declarative memries, such as learning t assciate pairs f wrds, can be seriusly impaired.(当这种情况发生时，这是我们睡得最深的时候。如果没有非快速眼动睡眠，我们形成陈述性记忆的能力，比如学习将成对的单词联系起来的能力，就会受到严重损害)”表示空处说明NREM阶段的发生，A选项“我们大部分的睡眠都是NREM阶段”符合语境。故选A。
【19题详解】
前文“Withut NREM sleep, ur ability t frm declarative memries, such as learning t assciate pairs f wrds, can be seriusly impaired.(如果没有非快速眼动睡眠，我们形成陈述性记忆的能力，比如学习将成对的单词联系起来的能力，就会受到严重损害)”表明非快速眼动睡眠对于记忆力的重要性，G选项“深度睡眠对于将短期记忆转化为长期记忆很重要”表明睡眠是如何对于记忆力产生重要影响的。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据下文“Sme scientists argue that it allws ur brains a safe place t practice dealing with situatins r emtins that we might nt encunter during ur daily lives. Others think that it might be a way t unlearn memries, r t prcess unwanted feelings r emtins. Hwever, n ne knws the real answer.(一些科学家认为，它让我们的大脑有一个安全的地方来练习处理我们在日常生活中可能不会遇到的情况或情绪。另一些人则认为，这可能是一种忘却记忆的方式，或者是处理不想要的感觉或情绪的方式。然而，没有人知道真正的答案)”并结合上一段结构可知，本段描述另外一个睡眠阶段REM的目的，但是这是不确定的，B选项“快速眼动睡眠的目的尚不清楚”符合本段主旨。故选B。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Until my third year in cllege, I was still clueless abut my visin and gals. Frtunately, an accident ____21____ me t reflect n my life.
It was a cld December evening as I walked alng the street. Suddenly, a high-speed bus ____22____ a small car. The driver was pinned in his seat by the frce f the ____23____. A crwd quickly ____24____ arund the scene, yet ____25____, n ne seemed t be taking actin. I rushed t the car t ____26____ the driver’s cnditin. He was in bld. I called ut t the nlkers fr ____27____ in remving him frm the car and gently ____28____ him n the rad. I was upset t learn that n ambulance was ____29____ at that mment. Therefre, we decided t transprt him t the hspital in a nearby ____30____.
On the way, I kept cmfrting him. Unfrtunately, within a shrt perid, his breathing ____31____. At the hspital, the dctrs ____32____ the wrst: he had passed away. This was the first time I had witnessed death s clsely. I understd the ____33____ f public services and the value f life.
That day marked a turning pint fr me and shwed me the ____34____ f life. I ____35____ t shift my career path and began preparing fr the Civil Service exams, aiming t serve sciety mre effectively.
21. A. frbadeB. requiredC. mtivatedD. frced
22. A. passed byB. caught upC. turned intD. crashed int
23. A. impactB. explsinC. windD. fall
24. A. gatheredB. wanderedC. drveD. sat
25. A. undubtedlyB. admittedlyC. inspiringlyD. surprisingly
26. A. ignreB. assessC. changeD. criticize
27. A. investmentB. infrmatinC. assistanceD. permissin
28. A. placedB. rckedC. threwD. beat
29. A. chaticB. cmfrtableC. affrdableD. available
30. A. cntainerB. vehicleC. htelD. restaurant
31. A. ceasedB. quickenedC. stabilizedD. recvered
32. A. experiencedB. cnfirmedC. deniedD. saved
33. A. categriesB. arrangementsC. limitatinsD. prspects
34. A. signB. jyC. beginningD. purpse
35. A. failedB. hesitatedC. reslvedD. cntinued
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过一次偶然交通事故，深刻反思生命意义，并决定投身公共服务以更好地服务社会。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运是，一次意外促使我反思自己的人生。A. frbade禁止；B. required要求；C. mtivated激发，促使；D. frced强迫。根据后文“me t reflect n my life”可知，这次意外让作者开始反思自己的人生，表示这次意外激发了作者的思考，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：突然，一辆高速行驶的公共汽车撞上了一辆小汽车。A. passed by经过；B. caught up赶上；C. turned int变成；D. crashed int撞上。根据后文“a small car”及“The driver was pinned in his seat”可知，司机被困在座位上，由此可推断出是公交车撞上了小汽车，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：司机被撞击的力量困在座位上。A. impact影响，撞击力；B. explsin爆炸；C. wind风；D. fall跌落。根据前文“a high-speed bus 2 a small car”可知，这里描述的是撞击产生的力量，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一群人很快聚集在事故现场周围，然而，令人惊讶的是，似乎没有人采取行动。A. gathered聚集；B. wandered徘徊；C. drve驾驶；D. sat坐。根据后文“arund the scene”可知，发生事故后人们会聚集到现场，所以这里是一群人迅速聚集在事故现场周围，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一群人很快聚集在事故现场周围，然而，令人惊讶的是，似乎没有人采取行动。A. undubtedly无疑地；B. admittedly诚然；C. inspiringly鼓舞人心地；D. surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据后文“n ne seemed t be taking actin”可知，没有人采取行动让作者感到惊讶，故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我冲向汽车去评估司机的状况。A. ignre忽视；B. assess评估；C. change改变；D. criticize批评。根据后文“the driver’s cnditin”以及“He was in bld.”可知，作者冲向汽车是为了评估判定司机的状况，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我向围观者呼救，请求帮忙把他从车里救出来，并轻轻地把他放在路上。A. investment投资；B. infrmatin信息；C. assistance帮助；D. permissin许可。根据后文“in remving him frm the car”可知，作者一个人无法把司机从车里救出来，所以向围观者请求帮助，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. placed放置；B. rcked摇晃；C. threw扔；D. beat打。根据前文“remving him frm the car”以及后文“him n the rad”可知，作者和旁观者一起把司机轻轻地放在路上，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很沮丧地得知当时没有救护车可用。A. chatic混乱的；B. cmfrtable舒适的；C. affrdable买得起的；D. available可获得的，可用的。根据前文“I was upset t learn”及后文“we decided t transprt him t the hspital in a nearby 10 ”可知，作者感到沮丧，是因为得知没有救护车可用，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们决定用附近的一辆车把他送到医院。A. cntainer容器；B. vehicle车辆；C. htel旅馆；D. restaurant餐馆。根据前文“transprt him t the hspital”可知，没有救护车可用，所以作者一行人决定用附近的一辆车把司机送到医院，故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，在很短的时间内，他的呼吸停止了。A. ceased停止；B. quickened加快；C. stabilized稳定；D. recvered恢复。根据后文“he had passed away”可知，司机去世了，所以这里是他的呼吸停止了，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在医院，医生证实了最坏的情况：他已经去世了。A. experienced经历；B. cnfirmed确认，证实；C. denied否认；D. saved拯救。根据后文“he had passed away”可知，医生确定了司机已经去世这个事实，所以是医生证实了最坏的情况，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我理解了公共服务的局限性以及生命的价值。A. categries类别；B. arrangements安排；C. limitatins局限性；D. prspects前景。根据前文“n ambulance was 9 at that mment”可知，当时没有救护车可用，这让作者意识到了公共服务的局限性，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那一天标志着我的一个转折点，也让我明白了生命的意义。A. sign标志；B. jy快乐；C. beginning开始；D. purpse目的，重要意义，有价值的意义。根据前文“That day marked a turning pint fr me”以及“the value f life”可知，这次经历对作者来说是一个转折点，让作者明白了生命的意义，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定改变我的职业道路，并开始准备公务员考试，目的是更有效地服务社会。A. failed失败；B. hesitated犹豫；C. reslved决定；D. cntinued继续。根据后文“t shift my career path and began preparing fr the Civil Service exams”可知，作者开始准备公务员考试，所以是决定改变职业道路，故选C。
第 II 卷 (本卷共计 55 分)
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every mrning, 79-year-ld Lu Licai will meet his cmpanins at Sanyi Shuyuan, a teahuse in Nanhu cmmunity in Chngqing. The 18 teahuses in the cmmunity, transfrmed ____36____residential hmes and run by lcals, are well-knwn gathering____37____(spt) fr lcal tea drinkers and attract thusands f visits each year.
China has been using such urban renewal prjects t build____38____(live), green and smart cities, as well as bst the cuntry’s high-quality develpment. Urban renewal invlves the recnstructin f public spaces and facilities that are usually unsuitable fr develpment,____39____ (create) a new urban develpment mdel t help peple lead better lives. ____40____(lcate) in the cmmercial center f Nan’an, the cmmunity cnsists f 81 buildings acrss eight blcks. It was cnstructed in the 1980s primarily____41____(huse) emplyees f lcal factries. The restructuring and clsure f lcal enterprises ver the years presented significant challenges fr the cmmunity, including the____42____(absent) f prperty management firms, neighbrhd cmmittees____43____insufficient funds fr repairs.
In recent years, the lcal gvernment____44____(priritize) the cmmunity’s transfrmatin as a key scial prject. The cmmunity,_____45_____practice was listed as ne f the tp 10 innvative examples f scial gvernance in China, has received several natinal hnrs.
【答案】36. frm
37. spts 38. livable
39. creating
40. Lcated
41. t huse
42. absence
43. and 44. has priritized
45. whse
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了重庆南湖社区的社区改造项目及成果。
【36题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：社区内的18家茶馆由当地人经营，由住宅改造而成，是当地饮茶者的著名聚会场所，每年吸引数千人前来。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“be transfrmed frm…”，意为“由……转换成”，故空格处应用介词“frm”。故填frm。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：社区内的18家茶馆由当地人经营，由住宅改造而成，是当地饮茶者的著名聚会场所，每年吸引数千人前来。空格处应用名词作表语，“spt”意为“场所”，为可数名词，根据“18 teahuses”可知，应用其复数形式“spts”。故填spts。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：中国一直在利用这些城市更新项目去建设宜居、绿色和智慧城市，并促进国家的高质量发展。“cities”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，句中指宜居的城市，“livable”意为“适宜居住的”。故填livable。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：城市更新涉及重建通常不适合开发的公共空间和设施，创造一种新的城市发展模式，帮助人们过上更好的生活。句中有谓语动词“invlves”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，句中“创造一种新的城市发展模式”是一种顺其自然的结果，故应用“create”的现在分词“creating”作状语，表主动。故填creating。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该社区位于南岸的商业中心，由8个街区的81栋建筑组成。句中有谓语动词“cnsists f”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“be lcated in…”意为“位于……”，“cmmunity”和“lcate”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“lcate”的过去分词“lcated”作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Lcated。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它建于20世纪80年代，主要是为当地工厂的员工提供住房。句中有谓语动词“was cnstructed”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“为当地工厂的员工提供住房”是“建造社区”的目的，故空格处应用不定式“t huse”作目的状语。故填t huse。
42题详解】
考查名词。句意：多年来，当地企业的重组和关闭给社区带来了重大挑战，包括缺乏物业管理公司、居委会和维修资金不足。“including”为介词，空格处应用名词，作宾语，“absence”意为“缺乏”，为不可数名词。故填absence。
【43题详解】
考查连词。句意：多年来，当地企业的重组和关闭给社区带来了重大挑战，包括缺乏物业管理公司、居委会和维修资金不足。“缺乏物业管理公司、居委会”和“维修资金不足”之间为并列关系，应用连词“and”，表并列。故填and。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：近年来，当地政府将社区转型作为重点社会项目。根据句意和句中“In recent years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，“the lcal gvernment”和“has”连用，“priritize”的过去分词为“priritized”。故填has priritized。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：该社区的实践被列为中国十大社会治理创新范例之一，并获得了多项国家荣誉。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“cmmunity”，指物，在从句中作定语，即“The cmmunity’s practice was listed as…”，故应用关系代词“whse”引导从句。故填whse。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（满分 15 分）
46. 假定你是李华，外教 Mike准备开展读书月活动，让学生读完指定的五本英文名著，你认为这样的安排存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明问题；
2. 提出建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mike,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mike,
I really appreciate yur effrt t rganize the reading mnth. Hwever, requiring all students t finish five assigned classic English bks may cause sme issues.
Firstly, the bks might be t challenging fr sme students, leading t stress. Secndly, limited time culd discurage thrugh reading. Culd we adjust the plan? Maybe reduce the number t 2-3 bks and let students chse frm a list based n their interests. Alternatively, gruping students t read different bks and share summaries culd save time while ensuring engagement.
Thanks fr cnsidering my suggestins.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，外教 Mike 准备开展读书月活动，让学生读完指定五本英文名著，要求考生写一封邮件，说明这样安排存在的问题，并提出建议。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
导致：lead t → result in
确保：ensure → guarantee
考虑：cnsider → take ... int accunt/cnsideratin
建议：suggestins → advice
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hwever, requiring all students t finish five assigned classic English bks may cause sme issues.
拓展句：Sme issues may be caused if all students are required t finish five assigned classic English bks.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hwever, requiring all students t finish five assigned classic English bks may cause sme issues. (运用了动名词作主语)
【高分句型2】Firstly, the bks might be t challenging fr sme students, leading t stress. (运用了现在分词作状语)
第二节（满分 25 分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Walking acrss campus with every pair f eyes n yu can be embarrassing, especially when yu’re 13 years ld. I lked arund me in desperate search f a friendly face, a smile, anything. I was quite disappinted, t say the least. And I, in turn, felt smewhat flish, walking acrss campus with a false smile n my face. I was simply attempting t fllw the advice my mther had given me years befre: when things get awkward, smile. N matter where yu are a smile will always be understd. A smile is universal. At that very mment, hwever, I felt my mther’s advice didn’t wrk.
On tp f it all, my mind was racing with questins and cncerns typical f any 13-year ld n the first day f schl: where wuld I sit at lunch? Wh wuld I talk t? Nt t mentin hw wuld I make friends when I didn’t even speak the language? My heartbeat quickened and I felt nervus. Still, I did my best t maintain calm s as nt t let my guard dwn and reveal t thers just hw scared I truly was.
When the teacher intrduced me t the class as the “American girl”, 10 sets f hands immediately sht up. Sme students had questins, and thers wanted t practice their English with me. Because I didn’t speak much Chinese yet, I cmmunicated with the ther students thrugh hand mtins mixed in with brken English and Chinese. Despite the attentin, I wasn’t sure hw much f it was psitive. It was almst as if they weren’t sure what t make f me and I was being examined. Then again, wh culd blame them? After all I was the first American ever t attend the schl. S essentially, we were all first timers.
注意: 1.续写词数应为 150 左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Then came the first class——Chinese painting.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As I burnt with great embarrassment, Li Hua, my deskmate, gave me a warm smile.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Para1：
（版本一事情搞糟）Then came the first class-Chinese painting. The teacher shwed us hw t use a brush t paint bamb n a piece f white paper. Then all the ther students gt dwn t wrk. Hwever, it was quite difficult fr me. Hw culd I hld the brush and made it g as I wished? Hesitating fr a while, I tried dipping the brush int the ink bttle. When I tk it ut, drps f black ink fell n the white paper. There was n bamb, but big black dts! S embarrassed was I that I felt bld rushing t my face.
（版本二无从下手）Then came the first class-Chinese painting. T tell the truth, I made every bit f effrt t catch up with the teacher’s wrds, but still culdn’t understand what he was instructing at all. Then all the students were required t finish a piece f wrk n their wn. Seeing thse strange drawing tls and the blank paper n the desk, I felt really stressed because I had n idea where t start, als afraid f thers laughing at me. I sat rted in my seat, my face flushing with embarrassment
Para2:
As I burnt with great embarrassment, Li Hua, my deskmate, gave me a warm smile. He seemed t understand my awkward situatin, s he turned t me and carefully explained what I shuld d with fluent English. With his patient guidance, I managed t finish my first Chinese painting! Simple as it was, the teacher praised my wrk in frnt f the class. I culdn’t cnceal my pleasure, and jy danced all the way t my heart, fr I knew this wuld be a wnderful beginning f a new schl life, just starting with a warm and friendly smile.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了13岁的作者从美国来到中国，在新学校里的学习与生活故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后是第一节课——中国画。”可知，第一段可描写作者在学习中国画时遇到的困难。
②由第二段首句内容“当我感到非常尴尬的时候，我的同桌李华给了我一个温暖的微笑。”可知，第二段可描写同桌李华对作者给予热心的帮助。
2.续写线索：开始——搞糟——尴尬——帮助——完成——快乐——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①开始：get dwn t/begin t d
②完成：finish/cmplete
③努力：try/make great effrts/attempt
情绪类
①尴尬：embarrassed/akward/in a devil f a hle.
②快乐：culdn’t cnceal my pleasure/be pleased
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Hesitating fr a while, I tried dipping the brush int the ink bttle. (运用了现在分词作状语)