专题01 名词和数词（课件）2025年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（全国通用）

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（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—I dn’t knw what t write abut the fur great classical Chinese nvels. —Yu’d better read ________ first and then rganize yur wn ideas.A．reviewsB．reasnsC．resultsD．rewards
句意：——我不知道该怎么写中国四大名著的读后感。——你最好先读读书评，然后整理自己的想法。reviews评论；reasns原因；results结果；rewards报酬。根据“and then rganize yur wn ideas.”可知先读一些评论，然后整理自己的想法。故选A。
1.act, actin和activity
2.advice和suggestin
3.cause, reasn和excuse
4.feeling和sense
5.infrmatin, news和message
6.jb, wrk和task
7.nise, sund和vice
8.prblem和questin
1.（2024·江苏苏州·中考真题）It’s imprtant t learn frm (错误) and becme strnger.
2.（2022·山东日照·中考真题）My friend gave me sme a n hw t keep a pet.
句意：从错误中吸取教训并变得更强大是很重要的。mistake“错误”，可数名词，此处用其复数形式表泛指，作介词frm的宾语。故填mistakes。
句意：我的朋友就如何养宠物给了我一些建议。 根据“gave me sme … n hw t keep a pet”及首字母可知，就如何养宠物给了一些建议，advice“建议”，不可数名词，故填(a)dvice。
考点1. 可数名词复数的变化规则
Pint 1：可数名词复数的规则变化
Pint 2：可数名词的复数的不规则变化
【特别注意】fish表示同一种鱼时，单复数同形，但表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形式为fishes。
Pint 3 ：合成名词的复数名词前有man 或wman 修饰，变复数，做定语man/wman和中心词都要变成复数形式 wman dctr -----wmen dctrs man waiter ---men waiter
（1）不能用具体数字修饰的名词是不可数名词，不可数名词没有复数形式。
（2）可数名词与不可数名词　易混归纳
（3）名词的数量表示和计量
①可数名词一般直接在其前加基数词表示计量。There is als a glf curse five miles away. 五英里外还有个高尔夫球场。
③可以在不可数名词前加little、a little、much、a lt f、lts f、sme、any、plenty f、a gd/ great deal f、a bit f、mst等修饰词或短语来计量。There was much discussin abut the reasns fr the failure. 就失败的原因进行了大量的讨论。I like sme mdern music. 有些现代音乐我喜欢。
④可数名词和不可数名词还可以用由单位词构成的短语来计量，如a piece f 一片/段/块……、a cup/glass f一杯……、a bttle f一瓶……、a bag f一袋……、a bx f一盒……等。
②可数名词前也可以用few、a few、many、a lt f、lts f、sme、any、several、a（large/ great）、number f、a great many、plenty f、mst等修饰词或短语来计量。She has lived in Spain fr many years. 她在西班牙已经生活多年。
1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ father wrks in the plice statin.A．Eric and Helen’s B．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s
句意：Eric和Helen的爸爸在警察局工作。考查。此空修饰名词father，应用名词所有格，排除B选项；father是单数，此处表示两个人共同的父亲，在最后一个人名后加’s，故选A。
2．（2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）We ffered t lk after ur (邻居的) dg when she was away.
3．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）These UNICEF (ffice) wish is t imprve the living cnditins f the lcal children.
neighbur’s/neighbr’s
句意：邻居不在的时候，我们主动提出要照顾她的狗。“邻居”neighbur/neighbr，“邻居的”用名词所有格，结合she可知特指这一个邻居，用单数所有格neighbur’s/neighbr’s。故填neighbur’s/neighbr’s。
句意：这些联合国儿童基金会官员的愿望是改善当地儿童的生活条件。空处修饰其后的名词wish，指的是“官员的愿望”，用名词所有格形式，结合“these”可知，此处名词用复数形式，故填fficers’。
1．The ________ f lithium mines (锂矿) in Yifeng bth brings wealth and pllutin t lcal peple.A．fame B．discveryC．chiceD．mistake2．I think that taking a jb may be a gd ________ fr yu after leaving cllege.A．step B．habit C．secretD．chice3．—D yu like watching TV?—Of curse. TV prgrams nt nly make us relaxed but als give us new ________.A．prgressB．experienceC．practiceD．knwledge4．I’m nt sure f the exact ________ between them—maybe they’re dctr and patient.A．peridB．friendshipC．relatinshipD．spirit5．While yu g n a trip t anther city alne, ________ must be put first.A．sense B．style C．service D．safety
6．— Gd news! The Chinese wmen table tennis team wn a gld and a silver again. — Great! N matter wh wins the medals, it is the ________ f ur cuntry.A．pity B．pride C．pineerD．pain7．If I am given a secnd ________, I wn’t make the same mistake.A．careerB．cause C．changeD．chance8．—Can yu hear the big ______ frm the next dr?—Yes, there must be sme kids ______ fun.A．sund; t haveB．nise; haveC．sund, haveD．nise; having9．—I’m wrrying abut the exam these days. I’m afraid I will get a pr result. —As lng as yu try yur best, the ________ is mre imprtant than the result.A．prcessB．prductC．patternD．pride10．— Yur father is always full f ________. — Yes, he takes a lt f exercise every day.A．sadnessB．curageC．knwledgeD．energy
11．My uncle has a farm, and there are sme ________ n the farm.A．chicken and sheep B．chickens and sheepsC．chickens and sheep D．chicken and sheeps12．—Are all the bys frm __________ in yur schl?—N, there are nly five __________ in ur schl.A．German；Germans B．German；GermenC．Germany；Germans D．Germany；Germen13．The ________ has fur _________.A．wman dctr/ she shpsB．wmen dctrs/she shpsC．wman dctr/shes shpsD．wman dctrs/she shps14．—Wuld yu like smething t eat?—Yes, I’d like sme ________.A．apple B．milkC．bread D．water15．Mr. Black gave me ________ n hw t play basketball better.A．an adviceB．lts f advicesC．sme adviceD．sme advices
16．—Children may have sad feelings after sme bad ________.—Dn’t wrry. They can turn t sme dctrs with lts f ________ fr help.A．experiences; experiences B．experience; experienceC．experience; experiences D．experiences; experience17．My teacher gave me much __________ n hw t learn English well.A．adviceB．questin C．suggestinD．prblem18．—A beautiful farm! —It’s my ________. And he has many animals n the farm.A．uncle’sB．unclesC．uncles’D．uncle19．— Lk, here is a Harry Ptter. I’m wndering ________ bk it is.— It must be ________. J. K. Rwling is her favrite writer.A．whse; MaryB．whse; Mary’s C．wh; Mary’sD．wh; Mary20．—What is ________ father?—He is a plice.A．Jim’s and Jane’sB．Jim and JaneC．Jim and Jane’s D．Jim’s and Jane
1.（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—On Tree Planting Day, the students in ur schl planted five ___________ trees n the hill. —Gd jb! Everyne can d sme things t make ur hmetwn greener.A．hundredsB．hundred fC．hundreds fD．hundred
考查hundred/thusand等大数的表达
句意：——在植树节这一天，我们学校的学生在山上种了五百棵树。——做得好！每个人都可以做点什么来让我们的家乡变得更绿色。hundreds几百；hundred f错误表达，hundred应用复数形式；hundreds f成百上千；hundred百。根据“five”可知在基数词后hundred应用单数形式，不能用复数形式，也不可以在后面加上介词f。故选D。
2.（2024·山东东营·中考真题）I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brther and a yunger sister.A．neB．the firstC．the secndD．the third
句意：我是家里的第二个孩子。我有一个哥哥和一个妹妹。ne一；the first第一；the secnd第二；the third第三。根据“I have an elder brther and a yunger sister.”可知，“我”有一个哥哥和一个妹妹，所以“我”是家里的第二个孩子。
3．（2022·四川攀枝花·中考真题）—Plenty f peple went t America in _______. —S they did. My grandfather was ne f them. He went there in his_____________.A．1990s; thirtiesB．1990s; thirty C．the 1990s; thirtieth D．the 1990s; thirties
句意：——20世纪90年代，许多人去了美国。——确实。我祖父就是其中之一，他30多岁时就去了那儿。根据固定用法，in the整十年代加s意为“在……年代”，排除AB；根据固定用法，in ne's 整十基数词复数意为“在某人几十多岁时”，故选D。
考点1 基数词1.表示数目的多少的词叫基数词。2.基数词的构成。
【注意】hundred、 thusand等前面有具体数字修饰时，后面不能加-s。表示约数时，词尾要加-s, 并与f连用。如: hundreds f数以百计的。
考点2 序数词1. 表示事物的先后顺序的词称为序数词。 2. 序数词的构成。
3. 序数词的用法。(1) 序数词在使用时一般在前面加上定冠词the，但当序数词前有物主代词等修饰时，不再加定冠词。如： The Yellw River is the secnd lngest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二长河。 Tday is her ninth birthday. 今天是她九岁的生日。 (2) 序数词前可以加上不定冠词a或an，用来表示“再一；又一”。如: I can have a third try. 我可以再试一次。(表示这将是第三次尝试)考点3 数词的用法1. 表示编号。在表示有编号的事物时，可用基数词，也可用序数词，但表现形式不同。如： Rm 577/Rm N. 577 第577号房间 the N. 16 Middle Schl 第十六中学 Bk Fur/the Furth Bk 第四册书
2. 表示时刻。 (1) 表示整点, 用“钟点数 + ’clck”来表示 (’clck常省略)。如: five(’clck)五点 (5:00) (2) 表示半点, 用“钟点数 + thirty”或“half + past + 钟点数”表示。如： six thirty/half past six 六点半(6:30) (3) 表示几点几分，用“钟点数+分钟数”表示。半小时内，也可以用“分钟数+past+钟点数”表示。超过半小时，也可以用“60- 分钟数 + t + 下一个钟点数”表示。如: eight seven/seven past eight 八点过七分 (8:07) seven fifty/ten t eight 八点差十分 (7:50) 3. 表示分数。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于 1 时，分母用复数。如： three furths/three quarters 3/4 ne third/ a third l/3 1.¹/ ₂hurs一个半小时(读作: ne and a half hurs) 2.³/₄metres 二又四分之三米(读作: tw and three-furths metres)
1．—Hw ld is Mary?—________. We had a special party fr her ________ birthday yesterday.A．Twelve; twentiethB．Twentieth;twentiethC．Twenty;twentieth2．Tm’s mum lks yung and beautiful. It’s hard t imagine she is already in her ________.A．fiftiesB．fifty C．fiftiethsD．fiftieth3．Abut three ________ fans went t this cncert and ________ f them are girls.A．thusand; tw third B．thusand; tw thirdsC．thusands f; tw third D．thusands f; tw thirds4．—D yu knw Lincln was brn n ________?—Certainly!A．February 12th,1809 B．1809, February 12thC．1809, 12th February D．February 1809, 12th5．Where are the drivers? Are they in ________?A．the Rm 406 B．Rm 406C．the 406 Rm D．406 Rm
6．—What time is it nw? —It’s ________.A．nine past frty-five B．nine t frty-five C．frty-five t ten D．a quarter t ten7．Jrdan wh was ________ returned t NBA in ________.A．in the thirtieth; 1990s B．in his thirties; the 1990sC．in his thirties; 1990s D．in his thirtieth; the 1990s8．My ______ little brther has cllected 66 ty trucks.A．6-years-ldB．6 year ldC．6-year-ldD．6 years ld9．I failed the first jump in the cmpetitin and the cach let me have a ________ try.A．twice B．secndC．tw D．nce10．There are nine students in this line and Jhn is in the middle. S he is the _________ ne in the line.A．fifth B．sixth C．seventhD．eighth