专题03 阅读理解之应用文-【好题汇编】5年（2020-2024）中考1年模拟英语真题分类汇编（河南专用）

这是一份专题03 阅读理解之应用文-【好题汇编】5年（2020-2024）中考1年模拟英语真题分类汇编（河南专用），文件包含专题03阅读理解之应用文原卷版-好题汇编5年2020-2024中考1年模拟英语真题分类汇编河南专用docx、专题03阅读理解之应用文解析版-好题汇编5年2020-2024中考1年模拟英语真题分类汇编河南专用docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共29页， 欢迎下载使用。

2024年
An ld saying used fr frecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailrs’ delight. Red sky in the mrning, sailrs (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true? It turns ut that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies t the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, s strms might be cming.
Frecasting the weather has been practiced fr thusands f years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent ut frecasts t sailrs. They used signs in nature t frecast the weather. But tday, meterlgists send exact frecasts further in advance (提前). They use scientific instruments t study weather cnditins arund the wrld and make frecasts. Pilts, farmers and many ther peple depend n these frecasts. Luckily, mst f us can simply lk n the smart phne r turn n the TV t find ut what kind f weather is cming.
If yu are lking fr sme signs f the weather, pay attentin t nature. There are tw basic rules used in weather frecasting: Weather generally mves frm west t east, and lw air pressure (压力) usually means rain r snw. S pay attentin t the signs. If rainbws frm in the west at sunrise, the sun is n the way. Smell the flwers—their smells are strnger in wet air. What are the ants ding? Are they mving t higher grund? This culd mean a drp in air pressure. Are the birds flying lw r high? Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, s they fly lw. And if the sky is red at sunset, yu might plan a picnic fr the next day!
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
11. What is the ld saying abut?
A. The beauty f sunrise.B. The night sky.
C. The signs f the weather.D. The sailrs’ wrk.
12. What des the underlined wrd “meterlgists” mean?
A. The persns wh give daily weather reprts n TV.
B. The persns wh carry ut research n natural histry.
C. The persns wh take an interest in plants and animals.
D. The persns wh d scientific studies f weather cnditins.
13. Hw des the writer develp his idea in Paragraph 2?
A. By listing the reasns fr terrible weather.
B. By telling a true stry abut weather frecasting.
C. By intrducing different ways f frecasting the weather.
D. By mentining the difficulties in frecasting the weather.
14. What d we knw frm the last paragraph?
A. It’ll be sunny if ants mve t higher places.
B. The smells f flwers are strnger in wet air.
C. Birds fly higher because f the lw air pressure.
D It’ll rain if rainbws frm in the west at sunrise.
15. What is the writer’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T encurage peple t get clse t nature.
B. T express the need fr weather frecasting.
C. T explain nature can tell us abut the weather.
D. T discuss hw imprtant weather frecasting is.
2023年
Energy is the ability t d wrk. Slar energy cmes frm the Sun. There is als energy that cmes frm wind and water.
But d yu knw that energy can cme frm peple, t? When yu pedal a bike, yu prduce energy. Yu use yur legs t push the pedals. Yur energy is transferred (转移) t the bike. That makes the bike mve.
Nw imagine riding yur bike t create enugh pwer t run a cmputer. Sme students at ne schl did just that! They jumped n bikes cnnected t generatrs (发电机) and pedaled in place. Sn they were prducing electricity. This energy is needed t run their cmputers.
Here is hw bicycle-pwered energy wrks. When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins. The wheel spins the generatr. The generatr prduces electricity. As lng as a student pedals the bicycle, electricity mves thrugh the generatr. The electricity can be used right away. This energy can als be stred and used later.
Peple use bicycle-pwered energy t run small devices (设备) such as small televisins and fans. They ften use less than 100 watts per hur. Hwever, it wuld be a mistake t use pedal pwer t run a fridge. This large machine ften uses mre than 700 watts per hur. The electricity fr these machines cmes frm pwer lines verhead r undergrund.
Pedal pwer can be seen in schls, gyms, and hmes. What a fun way t prvide electricity!
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
31. Hw des the writer lead int the tpic “bicycle-pwered energy” in Paragraph 2?
A. By asking a questin.
B. By telling a jke.
C. By using an ld saying.
D. By making a survey.
32. What des the underlined wrd “spins” mean in the text?
A. Falls dwn suddenly.
B. Breaks up cmpletely.
C. Mves up and dwn slwly.
D. Turns rund and rund quickly.
33. What is Paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. The future f new energy.
B. The frms f wrld’s energy.
C. Using bicycle-pwered energy.
D. Prducing bicycle-pwered energy.
34. What d we knw abut bicycle-pwered energy?
A. It can’t be seen in schls.
B. It cmes frm wind and water.
C. It can be stred and used later.
D. It’s frm pwer lines verhead.
35. In which unit f a textbk can the text be fund?
A. Unit 1 Friends Frever
B. Unit 2 Dream f the Stars
C. Unit 3 The Value f Mney
D. Unit 4 The Wrld f Science
2022年
There’s nthing quite like falling sund asleep after a full day f wrk. Like peple, animals need t rest after wrking hard. Sme animals sleep in water. Others dig hes under the grund. Sme even sleep high in trees r under leaves. But they all find a way t rest.
Sme animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes pen. They seem t lk ahead far int the sea while they rest. Sea tters smetimes sleep in beds f the plants that grw in the sea. This keeps them frm mving away. Parrt fish blw smething frm their muths when they are ready t sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be frmed arund them. The bubble prtects them frm harm while they sleep.
Sme animals sleep under the grund. Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball. Their beds are made f leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep fr tw weeks and wake up t eat the stred fd. Then they g back t sleep fr anther tw weeks befre waking up again. Sme desert frgs dig undergrund hles during the ht, dry seasn. A frg may stay in its hle fr mnths.
High abve the grund, mnkeys find leafy places in trees each evening befre they sleep. The tall trees help t keep mnkeys safe during the night. Sme insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb dwn int a flwer t rest. When it climbs ut the next mrning, it is rested and ready fr wrk.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
11. What animals blw bubbles when they sleep?
A. Sea tters. B. Mnkeys. C. Desert frgs. D. Parrt fish.
12. What d we knw abut chipmunks accrding t the text?
A. They rest with their eyes pen.
B. They never sleep curled up in a ball.
C. They wake up nw and then in winter.
D. They dn’t eat any fd during the winter.
13 What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A. The frest where mnkeys sleep safely.
B. The animals that sleep abve the grund.
C. The reasn why bees climb dwn int flwers.
D. The ways that keep animals away frm danger.
14. What is the structure f the passage? (P-Paragraph)
A. B. C. D.
15. What’s the best title fr the text?
A. Where animals live? B. Why animals mve? C. Hw animals sleep? D. What animals feed n?
2021年
Every living thing needs t reprduce. Reprducing means creating mre members f yur grup. In rder fr plants t reprduce, they have t spread their seeds (种子) t ther areas. Plants have develped all kinds f ways t d this.
The simplest way is gravity. Many seeds are inside f fruit. When a piece f fruit gets t heavy, it falls frm a tree t the grund. Smetimes animals will pick up the fruit and drp it in anther area. That helps mve the seed even farther away. Apples spread this way.
Other plants use wind t spread their seeds. Dandelins are a gd example f this. Dandelin seeds are s light that when wind blws, it carries dandelin seeds t new places. Maple (枫树) seeds als use wind. Their seeds are cnnected with lng, thin leaves that lk like wings. When the seed falls frm the tree, its “wings” help it fly farther frm the tree.
Sme animals help plants spread their seeds. The animals eat the seeds. While the seed is in the animal’s bdy, it stays whle. When the seed leaves the animal, it’s in a new place.
Ants als help spread seeds. Sme seeds have a special smell that attracts ants. The ants bring the seeds back t their hme, which f curse is undergrund. They nly eat part f the seed. They leave the rest f the seed undergrund. After that, the seed can start grwing.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
11. What des the wrd “gravity” mean in the secnd paragraph？
A. The actin that makes animals drp seeds.
B. The help that mves seeds even farther away.
C. The need that cmes frm animals and plants.
D. The frce that causes fruit t fall t the grund.
12. Hw d maples spread their seeds?
A. They use ants. B. They use wind. C. They use smells. D. They use animals.
13. What d ants d t help spread seeds?
a. They nly eat part f the seed.
b. They help seeds fall frm the tree.
c. They carry seeds t the undergrund hme.
d. They pick up the fruit and mve it far away.
e. They leave the rest f the seed undergrund.
A. b, d, e B. a, b, d C. a, c, e D. b, c, d
14. What is the theme (主题 ) f the text?
A. Nature. B. Culture. C. Educatin. D. Technlgy.
15. What’s the best title fr the text?
A. Hw Plants Spread Seeds? B. Why Animals Pick Up Seeds?
C. Hw Wind Helps Seeds Spread? D. Why Seeds Have a Special Trip?
2020年
Cait, 11, was trying t fall asleep when her 8-year-ld brther, Dug, came int her rm. He lked arund, but seemed really ut f it. Then Dug went back int the hallway and std there lking straight up at the light. This was really strange. Cait didn’t knw what t d. Just then, Cait’s father appeared and explained Dug was sleepwalking. Nt all sleep is the same every night. We experience sme deep, quiet sleep and sme active sleep, which is when dreams happen. Yu might think sleepwalking wuld happen during active sleep but a persn isn’t physically active during active sleep. It usually happens in the first few hurs f sleep in the perid called deep sleep. The truth is that nt all sleepwalkers walk. Sme simply sit up r stand in bed r act like they’re awake when, in fact, they’re asleep! Mst, hwever, d get up and walk arund fr a few secnds r fr as lng as half an hur. Sleepwalkers’ eyes are pen, but they dn’t see the same way they d when they’re awake. They tend t g back t bed n their wn and wn’t remember it in the mrning. Yu als might have heard that sleepwalkers can get frightened if yu wake them up. That’s true, s what d yu d if yu see smene sleepwalking? Yu shuld call fr a grwn-up wh can lead the persn back t bed. And nce the sleepwalker is tucked back in bed, it’s time fr yu t get sme sleep, t!
11. What des “ut f it” mst prbably mean in Chinese?
A. 茫然不觉 B. 心满意足 C. 垂头丧气 D. 悠然自得
12. When des sleepwalking usually happen?
A. During active sleep. B. In the first few hurs f sleep.
C. When dreams begin. D. When we're trying t fall asleep.
13. Which paragraphs tell what sleepwalkers d?
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ④⑤
14. What shuld we d if we see peple sleepwalking?
A. Wake them up. B. Walk arund with them.
C. D nthing and get yur wn sleep. D. Ask grwn-ups t lead them t bed.
15. Wh is the text written fr?
A. Teachers. B. Dctrs. C. Parents. D. Children.
2024年河南省驻马店驿城区中考二模
In recent years, many schls in China have had a high-tech makever(改革). They have turned frm using“ld-schl"multimedia(多媒体) tls t AI and big data t add value t student learning and life n campus(校园).
At the Tianjin Ec-City Schl Affiliated 成忠Nrmal University, the Chinese tech cmpany iFlytek's smart campus system(系统) makes learning a fun experience. In the aerspace(航天) classes, students use VR glasses t learn abut what's inside a rcket and hw it is launched(发射) in a cmputer game. Als, in swimming classes,“by wearing smart earphnes,children can get real-time instructins(指令) frm the cach under the water. This makes training safer,"Li Rui, the schl's vice-principal, tld CCTV.
Fr P. E. classes, Yuwen Schl in Wuhu, Anhui, has used self-testing tls with AI visual analysis(视觉分析)technlgy fr activities such as standing lng jump, sit-ups and sht put(推铅球). With facial recgnitin technlgy, students can get vice reprts and results n hw they did right after each exercise.
“Befre, when I threw the sht put, the teacher had t use a ruler t measure hw far it went.Nw, the results just shw up n their wn. Yu can als see which parts f yur exercise need imprvement,"Wu Shenggu frm the schl tld Dajiang Evening News.
Apart frm learning, students can als enjy meals made by smart canteens(食堂).In June,Yingku N.1 Middle Schl in Lianing intrduced a smart canteen with an “ nline meal selectin_and facial recgnitin meal pickup system. T meet the different needs f students, the canteen ffers ver.400 dishes, with six t seven chices fr each meal. Parents and students can chse meals in advance(提前) frm the nline platfrm(平台). And they use facial recgnitin technlgy t pick up their meal. It helps the schl plan and prepare meals, cutting dwn n fd and kitchen waste.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
31. Which f these are used in the aerspace classes?
A. A mdel rcket.B.VR glasses.C.Smartphnes.D. Earphnes.
32. Hw d students feel abut the swimming classes?
A. It's like studying in the classrm in real. time.
B. They can't hear the instructins clearly.
C. The training prcess is much safer.
D.They find it hard t stay underwater fr lng.
33. Hw can facial recgnitin technlgy help students with their P.E. classes?
A. Students can learn hw t imprve their exercise frm it.
B. It can check whether the student is using a self-testing tl.
C. It prvides mre infrmatin fr better health chices.
D. It's used t measure the balls' weight.
34. What des the underlined wrd“selectin"in Paragraph 5 mean in Chinese?
A.发现B.购买C.选择D.付账
35.What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The birth f glbal village.
B. The imprvement f technlgy in China.
C. New technlgy used in schls.
D. Student cmfrt in everyday schl life.
2024年河南省十二县一区中考二模
Have yu ever been in a bad situatin? Hw wuld yu feel in this situatin? In fact, every- ne has t g thrugh sadness. If smene arund is listening t yu and cmfrting yu, I believe yu will feel much better. Nw,imagine that a rbt cmes t yu and pats(轻拍)yu n the shulder with its hand when yu feel sad. What d yu think abut it?
Scientists recently did research n rbt tuch. They fund that just like human tuch, a tuch frm a rbt can als help peple feel better. The hands f rbts are sft, and they d nt give peple the metallic mechanical(金属机械)feeling. S when cmfrt is needed, perhaps rbts will be a gd chice.
The study asked 48 students t talk with a rbt. The rbt gave them advice n what curses t chse in schl. At the end f the chat, the rbt wuld either pat a student's hand three times r simply mve its hand tward students in the ther grup. Interestingly, while mst students smiled r even laughed at this mvement at first, nne f them pulled away.Cmpared with the cntrl grup, the students wh were patted felt happier. They als shwed mre inter- est in the curses suggested by the rbt.
This research shws that the tuch f the rbt can really help humans,especially thse wh live alne. These peple need smene wh can accmpany(陪伴)them r talk t them. Be- sides, it will be gd fr their mental(精神)and physical health. S the technlgy will be helpful. It can persuade(说服)human beings t make sme decisins. Fr example, they can persuade patients t d mre exercise. The finding will help scientists t develp better rbts in the future.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
31. Why des the writer begin the text by asking questins?
A. T explain a fact.B. T express agreement.C. T give pinins.D. T catch readers' interest.
32. Accrding t Paragraph 2，why can the tuch f a rbt make peple feel better?
A. Because peple like rbts.
B. Because rbts never feel tired.
C. Because the hands f rbts are made sft.
D. Because rbts can give peple the metallic mechanical feeling.
33. Accrding t Paragraph 3,what didn't the rbt d?
A. It talked with students.B. It gave students advice.
C. It patted students' hands.D. It smiled r laughed at students.
34. Wh is the tuch f the rbt especially helpful t?
A. an utging by wh has lts f friends B. an ld man wh lives alne
C. a yung girl wh is always happy D. a wman wh likes t help thers
35. What's the main idea f the text?
A. Rbts will take the place f humans.
B. Rbts can make us feel better by tuching.
C. Rbts can d smething bad fr peple.
D. Rbts are cleverer than humans.
2024年河南省安阳一模
Once yu begin t eat ptat chips, yu may keep eating until the bag is empty. Have yu ever experienced this? Why can't yu stp eating these salty chips? Scientists said it is because f a kind f neurn(神经元).
Scientists at the Beth Israel Medical Center in Bstn have fund that sme neurns can make us want t eat salt.
The neurns take nte f whether ur bdies need sdium (钠), a main part f salt. Then, they send signals (信
号)t ur brain t encurage us t eat mre salt.
Hw d these neurns wrk?
Scientists did tests n mice. They fund that when mice need sdium, their bdy gives ff a kind f hrmne(荷尔蒙). It then makes these neurns becme active.
Mre research shwed that adding salt t meals makes peple enjy their fd mre. This may cause peple t cntinue eating even if they are full.
Scientists frm Deakin University in Australia asked healthy peple t eat the same fd fr lunch fr fur weeks. The amunt f salt in the fd was changed each week. At the same time, the scientists recrded hw much these peple ate. They als asked the peple hw they felt abut the meals; fr example, if they felt happy r were still hungry after eating.
The results shwed that salt made peple eat 11 percent mre fd. When eating lw-salt meals, they had better cntrl ver hw much they ate. “But when we add salt t that fd, all f a sudden thse cntrls are gne,” a researcher said.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
27. Hw des the writer lead int the tpic in Paragraph 1?
A. By telling a jke.B. By ding a survey.C. By making a study.D. By giving an example.
28. Why may we find it hard t stp eating ptat chips?
A. Because ptat chips dn't have much sdium.
B. Because sme neurns send signals fr salty fds.
C. Because ptat chips send hungry signals t ur brain.
D.Because peple's brains will be mre active with mre salt.
29.What did the scientists frm Deakin University find?
A. Mice als need salt.B.Mre salt makes peple eat mre.
C.Nt all peple like salty fd. D. Peple are nt happy when they eat less.
What advice might the writer give?
A Peple shuld eat mre chips.
B. Salt can make fd mre delicius.
C. Lw-salt meals can help us stay healthy.
D.Mre salt shuld be taken in t stay healthy.
31. In which part f newspaper can the text be fund?
A. Star StriesB.Schl TimeC.Language LearningD.Science Wrld
考点
五年考情（2020-2024）
语篇特点
体裁上，以广告信息类为主，主要包括启事类应用文、新闻类应用文和识记类应用文。
题材上，主题围绕“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大主题语境。常见的话题以介绍乘车信息、景点指南、赛事须知、设施功能、社会热点、工作项目、演出介绍等为主，这些材料都与日常生活密切相关。
选材上，几乎都出自英美报刊及主流网站，内容贴近生活。
形式上，文章有标题、小标题、粗体、斜体，偶尔也有插图、表格或独立的图片。另外，标题、小标题及重要信息一般会加粗。
语言上，言简意赅，字数少而信息量大。里面有大量的地道表达，使用很多人名、地名和专有名词，缩写词也比较多。
命题特点
命题形式，主要以细节理解题为主。有的可以直接从原文中找到答案，有的是原文的同义替换。考查的都是在真实情境中解决问题的能力。
命题分布，一般设题数量和片段数量基本相当，考点分布比较均匀。在比较长的段落中有时会设置两个题；考点还可能出现在特殊的地方；或文章主体段落以外的地方。
提问形式，题干中多出现what，which，when，where，wh，hw lng，hw much等疑问词。
设题特点，段首段尾处常考；表格出现处常考；时间数字处常考。
解题策略
第一步，题目中，确定定位词语。人名、地名、专有名词、时间、数字等容易辨别与扫读出的信息优先划出。独特的名词优先于独特的动词，而独特的动词优先于独特的形容词、副词。一般确定2-4个定位词。
第二步，文章中，选定目标句子。根据定位词找回原文，先读当句，再读下句，最后读上句，实在找不到，再到其它地方寻找。
第三步，对比选项中，锁定最佳选项。找出原文重现或与原文同义转换的选项，简称“一一对应”。