专题02 阅读理解之说明文-【好题汇编】5年（2020-2024）中考1年模拟英语真题分类汇编（河南专用）

这是一份专题02 阅读理解之说明文-【好题汇编】5年（2020-2024）中考1年模拟英语真题分类汇编（河南专用），文件包含专题02阅读理解之说明文原卷版-好题汇编5年2020-2024中考1年模拟英语真题分类汇编河南专用docx、专题02阅读理解之说明文解析版-好题汇编5年2020-2024中考1年模拟英语真题分类汇编河南专用docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共29页， 欢迎下载使用。

2024年
Vicky’s mther pened the dr. She had a lk at Vicky’s bedrm.
“What a mess! It lks as if a hurricane (飓风) passed thrugh Vicky’s bedrm,” said Vicky’s mther. “I must ask her t clean it.”
Vicky was eating breakfast. Her father came int the kitchen and said, “Mm wants yu t clean yur rm. It lks as if a hurricane passed thrugh it.”
Je, Vicky’s little brther, asked, “A hurricane? Is that a bad thing?”
“Sure it is,” said his father.
“I’ll d it after schl, Dad,” said Vicky. “My first class is gegraphy and Mr. Miller hates peple t be late.” And ff she ran thrugh the frnt dr.
Twenty minutes later, Vicky ran int her classrm.
“Tday,” said Mr. Miller, “we’re ging t learn abut hurricanes. Have any f yu seen a hurricane?” Vicky thught abut her bedrm, but she said nthing.
“I haven’t seen ne. Nt a real ne but I watched a prgram n TV and I knw they destry (破坏) things and leave a mess,” said James wh sat next t Vicky.
“Yes,” said Mr. Miller. “But tday I’m ging t surprise yu. Smetimes hurricanes d gd.”
“Hurricanes can be gd things?” Vicky asked
“Oh, yes,” said Mr. Miller. “Hurricanes bring a lt f water t rivers and lakes that are becming dry. Animals and fish cme back t live in them. Hurricanes als pick up heat frm the very ht areas f the wrld and drp it in less warm places.”
“S, hurricanes can be gd things,” Vicky said t herself. “I’m ging t shw Mm the gd part.”
When Vicky gt hme in the afternn, she began t clean up her bedrm. She put all f her things in their prper places.
“Mm,” she called. “Can yu cme here fr a minute?”
Vicky’s mther put her head arund the dr.
“Vicky!” she said. “That lks fantastic! I tld yur dad this mrning that it lked as if a hurricane had hit it!”
“Are yu sure that’s a bad thing, Mm?” asked Vicky, smiling.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
6. What happened at the beginning f the stry?
A. Vicky made a mess in her rm.B. Vicky was late fr schl again.
C. Vicky had a fight with her brther.D. Vicky failed her gegraphy test.
7. What surprised the students in Mr. Miller’s class?
A. Hurricanes can be stpped.B. Hurricanes can cause earthquakes.
C. Hurricanes can be gd things.D. Hurricanes can destry the envirnment.
8. Hw wuld Vicky’s mther feel at the end f the stry?
A. Wrried.B. Tired.C. Relaxed.D. Pleased.
9. What can we learn frm the stry?
A. D as what yur teachers tell yu.
B. Keep ding what yu like till success.
C. Put what yu have learned int practice.
D. Ask yur parents befre making a decisin.
10. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Tiger MtherB. Hurricane Vicky
C. Patient FatherD. Knwledgeable Teacher
2023年
Plunk! I drpped anther pecan (山核桃) int my basket. Then a gentle autumn wind blew sme mre ff the tree. I ran t pick them up. Whew! Pecan picking was hard. My basket was nly half full.
I was visiting my grandpa’s farm in Kansas, and Grandpa sent me int the wds t pick up pecans fr us t enjy later. I wasn’t abut t let him dwn.
Then smething caught my eye: a squirrel picked up a pecan, climbed up a tree and disappeared int a large hle. A mment later, the squirrel climbed dwn t the grund t pick anther pecan. Once again, he tk the pecan back t his secret hiding place inside the hllw (洞) f the tree.
Nt s secret anymre, I thught. I ran ver t the tree and fund the hllw was filled with sweet pecans. They were right there fr the taking. This was my chance. Handful by handful, I tk all the pecans frm the hllw. Nw the basket was full!
I was s prud f myself. I culdn’t wait t shw Grandpa all f the pecans I’d cllected.
“Lk, Grandpa,” I shuted, “lk at all f the pecans I fund!”
Grandpa tk a lk at my basket. “Well, well, hw did yu find s many, Jimmy?” I tld him hw I’d fllwed the squirrel and taken the pecans frm his hiding place. Grandpa cngratulated me n finding ut smething abut the squirrel’s habits. Then he did smething that surprised me. He handed the basket back t me and put his arm gently arund my shulders.
“That squirrel wrked very hard t cllect his winter fd” he said. “Nw that all f his pecans are gne, dn’t yu think that little squirrel will be very hungry when it gets cld?”
“I didn’t think abut that,” I said.
“I knw,” Grandpa said. “But a gd man shuld never take advantage f smene else’s hard wrk, even the squirrel’s.”
Suddenly I felt as hllw as that ld tree. The image (形象) f that hungry squirrel wuldn’t leave my mind. There was nly ne thing I culd d.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
26. Why did the writer g t the wds at the beginning f the stry?
A. T pick up pecans.
B. T catch little animals.
C. T feed the squirrels.
D. T lk fr his grandpa.
27. The writer was prud f himself because ________.
A. he was praised by his grandpa
B. he fund ut his grandpa’s secret
C. he helped the squirrel in the hllw
D. he filled his basket with s many pecans
28. Which f the fllwing can best describe Grandpa?
A. Kind and wise.
B. Caring and humrus.
C. Shy and friendly.
D. Patient and hard-wrking.
29. What is the pssible ending t the stry?
A. The writer sent the pecans t his neighbrs.
B. The writer put all the pecans back int the hle.
C. The writer hid the pecans in his grandpa’s huse.
D. The writer enjyed all the pecans with his family.
30. What is the best title fr the text?
A. An unusual tree
B. The stlen pecans
C. A smart squirrel
D. The magic basket
2022年
Jey was happy because he had many special friends fur squirrels (松鼠), tw rabbits, and many clrful birds. At the meal time, these wild animals came near t the family and they wuld feed these special friends.
In the large yard std thirteen trees f different sizes. One day, while Jey was playing with his sister under the trees, he nticed that a tree trunk (树干) had a sad lk. He ran int the huse t tell his mm abut it. She tld Jey t find the reasn why it was sad.
S Jey went int the yard, ran t the sad tree and asked, “Why are yu unhappy?”
“I am the smallest tree arund. The birds dn’t fly t me. The rabbits dn’t eat grass under me. The squirrels dn’t climb t my tp. Nbdy needs me r lves me,” replied the sad tree.
After knwing the reasn, the family had a meeting. Jey suggested making a seat under the sad tree. Jey’s father said he culd help make a seat arund the tree. The family wuld sit under the tree and the tree wuldn’t feel sad anymre.
When Jey tld his special friends the tree was sad, they decided t d what they culd t help make the sad tree happy again.
Early the next mrning, when Jey wke up, he nticed birds singing happily in the little tree and saw squirrels running up and dwn in it. Rabbits were eating the fresh grass arund the tree. The little tree was happy again.
Jey ran inside t tell the gd news t his family. Jey’s mther and father went int the yard and saw the happy tree.
“Let’s start t build the seats arund the trees. I will need help t build them. Get the nails (钉子) fr me, Jey,” said the father.
“I can help yu hld the nails, Dad,” said Jey’s sister.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
6. Why did the tree feel sad?
A. Because Jey didn’t talk t it.
B. Because it thught n ne liked it.
C. Because it was the nly tree in the yard.
D. Because Jey’s sister didn’t play with it.
7. What is the crrect rder accrding t the text?
a. Jey went t find ut why the tree was sad.
b. Jey’s special friends decided t help the tree.
c. Jey fund a tree unhappy when he was playing.
d. Jey’s father started t build the seats arund the trees.
e. Jey’s family discussed hw t make the sad tree happy.
A. a-b-d-c-e B. b-a-c-e-d C. c-a-e-b-d D. d-c-a-b-e
8. Which wrds can best describe Jey’s family?
A. Serius and plite. B. Brave and hnest.
C. Quiet and friendly. D. Kind and helpful.
9. What can we learn frm the text?
A. The difficulty brught the family tgether.
B. Lve helped the tree becme happy again.
C. The special friends were thankful t the tree.
D. The tree spread happiness t everyne arund it.
10. What is the text?
A. A stry. B. A pem. C. An interview. D. An intrductin.
2021年
“Oh, bys, dn’t thrw stnes at the pr bird,” said an ld grey-headed man.
“Sir,” said a little ne,”she makes such a lud nise that we can’t bear her.”
“I am afraid the stne will rebund (反弹) and hurt yu as lng as yu live!”
“Rebund! We dn’t understand yu, sir!”
“Well, I will tell yu a true stry.”
“Fifty years ag, I liked thrwing stnes because I had n ther by t play with and I became very skillful. One day I went t wrk fr an ld cuple wh were very friendly t everybdy, even t the birds. And the birds seemed t lve the ld cuple, t. Fr seven years a bird had cme and built her nest (鸟巢) in the same place. She and her mate had just returned n the day I went t wrk and the ld cuple welcmed them happily. During the day, I thught I wuld try my skill upn her. Suddenly the bird flew t a tree near me. I fund a nice stne, and I threw it with my best skill. It hit the bird n the head and she drpped dead！
“I was srry the mment I saw her fall ff the tree. But it was t late. All day lng her mate flew abut, and chirped (发啁啾声) s sadly that he made my heart ache.. I said nthing t the ld cuple but ne f their grandchildren tld them abut it. Thugh the ld cuple never said a wrd t me, I knew that they were very sad. I culd never lk them in the eye and tell them hw srry I was. They have been dead fr many, many years, and s has the pr bird. But dn’t yu see hw that stne rebunded, and hit me? Fr fifty years I have still remembered it thugh I have never spken f it befre. But if what I have tld yu will stp yu, I will be happy.”
The bys at nce drpped the stnes in their hands and the bird had n mre truble frm them.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
6. Why did the by thrw stnes at the bird accrding t what the little by said?
A. Because they wanted t catch the bird.
B. Because they thught the bird was nisy.
C. Because they wanted t practice their skills.
D. Because they thught thrwing stnes was fun.
7. Which wrd can best describe the ld cuple?
A. Kind. B. Strict. C. Prud. D. Funny.
8. The underlined wrd “They” refers t ________.
A. the birds B. the ld cuple C. the bys D. the grandchildren
9. Hw did the ld man stp the bys frm thrwing stnes at the bird?
A. By driving away the bird. B. By taking away their stnes.
C. By playing jkes n the bys. D. By telling the bys his wn stry.
10. What can we learn frm the text？
A. Dn’t hurt thers, r yu will hurt yurself.
B. Try t save thers and yu will feel happier.
C. Keep practicing and yu will be very skillful.
D. Dn’t waste time, r yu will achieve nthing.
2020年
"Are yu listening, Simn?" Simn's teacher asked. It was a pretty usual questin. Simn shk his head, smiling. He hardly listened r tried hard in class. Talking was s much fun. He wanted t be heard rather than listen. "Listen, and yu'll learn smething." Mrs. Jacbs tried every day, but Simn never paid attentin. That evening, his thrat really hurt. The next mrning, when he pened his muth t say "Gd mrning", nthing came ut but a crak. Simn's mther lked at him. "Hney, yu've lst yur vice.""Can I stay hme?" He tried t ask, but wrds didn't cme ut. Instead, his mther checked him fr a fever and decided it was gd fr him t g t schl, even if he culdn't talk. When he gt t schl, Mrs. Jacbs said "Hell" t him, and he just ndded. When his friends asked him what TV shws he watched last night, he just shrugged. By the time the bell rang fr class, almst everyne was lking at him as if he'd grwn a third eye. Penny raised her hand. "Mrs. Jacbs, why isn't Simn talking?""He never stps talking." Richard said wrriedly. Everyne started talking at nce. They were excited, wrried, and surprised. Simn sat in class bred. He watched them talk t each ther as if the teacher wasn't there, but he culdn't even d that. In math class he culd hld up fingers if the answer was less than 10, but that wasn't fun. He decided t try t pay attentin. He culd d his hmewrk that night. It gave him TV and game time with his wrk all dne. The next day, even thugh his vice was cming back, he stayed quiet again. The third day, he culd talk fine, but he listened and raised his hand t speak. What a difference that ne day made!
6. What did Mrs. Jacbs want Simn t d in class?
A. T talk. B. T listen. C. T sit up. D. T stay awake.
7. What was the prblem with Simn that day?
A. He gt a cugh. B. He was late fr schl. C. He lst his vice. D. He lst interests in schl.
8. Why was almst everyne lking at Simn?
A. Because he grew a third eye. B. Because Mrs. Jacbs praised him.
C. Because he talked with nbdy. D. Because Mrs. Jacbs ndded t him.
9. Why culd Simn d his hmewrk that night?
A. Because he already gt his vice back. B. Because he paid much attentin in class.
C. Because he was given easier hmewrk. D. Because he learnt t use fingers in class.
10. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Are yu talking? B. Are yu listening? C. Is yur vice OK? D. Is yur schl fun?
2024年河南省驻马店驿城区中考二模
June 3 was a big day fr Lin Jiale. The 18-year-ld girl wre a beautiful white dress t celebrate her high schl graduatin in Virginia,US.After graduatin, she will prepare fr her cllege life at New Yrk University.
Fur years ag, Lin went t the US alne t study. At first, she felt huge pressure due t the many new things she had t face. In rder t relax, Lin started psting fashin utfits(穿搭)n Xiahngshu. Her psts were tagged“just fr fun", but they unexpectedly brught her mre than 12,000 fllwers.
Talking abut her lve fr fashin, Lin said hmewrk always cmes first n her list, fllwed by her interests such as reading fashin magazines and keeping up with new fashin brands.
“What I lve mst is discvering new styles. I will never get stuck t a certain way f dressing fr t lng,"Lin talked abut her fashin secret.“Smetimes yu just need t be brave and g ut f yur cmfrt zne(舒适区). Then yu will find a lt f amazing surprises.”
She keeps explring different styles.“I always end up with sme truly special, stylish finds,"said Lin. Lin thinks that thanks t her habit f time management, she can experience many things that she enjys while being a straight-A student at schl.“Manage yur time well. Be brave t try mre. This is the secret nt nly t making yu stylish in utfits but als t making yur schl life stylish,"Lin said.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
26.Why was June 3 a big day fr Lin Jiale? A. It was her 18th birthday.
B.She designed a beautiful white dress.
C.She graduated frm high schl in Virginia.
D. She started her New Yrk University life.
27. When Lin came t the US fur years ag, at first she felt
A. happyB. excitedC.sadD:stressed
28.What des the underlined wrd“tagged"mean in Chinese?
A.标记B.编辑C.跟踪D.管理
29.Hw des Lin Jiale describe her fashin style?
A. Sticking t ne style fr a lng time.
B.Always wearing designer brands.
C. Explring new styles utside ne's cmfrt zne.
D. Fllwing the latest fashin trends blindly.
30. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Interesting is the best teacher fr tp students.
B.Time management is imprtant t success.
C. It's necessary fr students t study abrad.
D. Students shuld experience gd and bad times at schl.
2024年河南省十二县一区中考二模
A man made his living by cllecting ccnuts(椰子)in the cuntryside. One day, he went t a small village that he had never been befre.
Twards the end f the day,his wagn(马车)was filled with ccnuts. He decided t head hme, because it was getting late. He wished t knw hw lng it wuld take t get back t his village.
He saw an ld man alng the radside and stpped t ask fr directins.
“Excuse me," he said,“Culd yu please tell me hw lng will it take t get t Carsn frm this village? When will I get t my hme?”
The ld man shwed him the right directin and said,“If yu g slwly, it will take nly a shrt while fr yu t get hme. But if yu g quickly, it will take a lng time and yu will nt get hme until late in the night.”
The man culd nt understand the answer. He didn't believe the ld man's suggestin was friendly. He gave the man an angry lk and hit his hrse t make it hurry. The hrse began t run quickly. But sn，ccnuts began t fall frm the wagn. Each time， the man gt ff t cl- lect the fallen ccnuts and put them back int his wagn.
The faster he went, the mre ccnuts fell frm his wagn, and the mre time he had t take t pick them up. S he went hme very late at last. Hwever,△，and the man wuld have arrived hme much earlier.
And s, as the ld man said, g slwly and it will take nly a shrt while.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
26. Why was the man angry?
A. Because he had lst many ccnuts. B. Because the hrse was ging t slw.
C. Because he thught the ld man was unhelpful. D. Because the ld man gave him a wrng directin.
27. Why did the man g hme late at last?
A. Because the hrse was t tired t walk. B. Because it was t dark t see the rad.
C. Because the wagn was t heavy fr the hrse t carry.
D. Because ccnuts kept drpping and the man had t spend time picking them up.
28. Which f the fllwing wrds best describes the ld man?
A. Unfriendly.B. Wise.C.Crazy.D.Brave.
29. Which sentence can be filled int the△?
A. if he had travelled faster，less ccnuts wuld have fallen
B. if he had travelled faster, he wuld pick up the ccnuts less ften
C. if he had travelled slwly,maybe nne f the ccnuts wuld have fallen
D. if he had travelled slwly, he wuld pick up the ccnuts mre ften
30. What's the best title fr the stry?
A. A hard tripB. A wagn driverC. Hw t listen t thersD. Hurry slws yu dwn
2024年河南省安阳一模
I'll always remember the first time I tried ballet (芭蕾). My mther was a dancer and I wanted nthing mre than t be like her, but after making mistakes during my first class, I felt like I wanted t give up right away. As it was nly my first day, hwever, I tld my mm I culdn't wait t dance again.
Weeks passed and my dancing didn't get any better. Then my dance teacher annunced that we were ging t perfrm in a shw. I was scared f falling n my face in frnt f hundreds f peple and disappinting my mm.
Even thugh I practiced hard fr the shw, I never quite gt the hang f it. Finally, I went t my mm t tell her hw I felt. She simply laughed and tld me she wuld teach me all she knew abut ballet.
My mm quickly discvered hw bad at ballet I was, but she still taught me with the greatest patience, lve and understanding. When I jumped and fell, she was there t catch me. When I lst my balance, she held me up. By the time the shw arrived, I was as prepared as I culd be.
The music began and my heart started t race. Breathing calmly, I began mving t the music withut missing a step. When the music stpped, I ran ff the stage and laughed in excitement.
My mm fund me and gave me a huge hug, telling me hw prud she was. I lked my mm in the eye and tld her that there was n way this culd have happened withut her. Thrugh this, I realized ne imprtant fact: My mm will always be there t catch me if I fall.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
22.What happened t the girl n her first day f trying ballet?
A. She fell dwn and hurt herself.B. She made n mistakes while dancing.
C. She realized she was talented in ballet.D. She lied t her mm abut liking ballet.
23.What des the underlined phrase “gt the hang f it" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. had truble with itB. lst interest in it
C. learned t d it wellD. jumped high in the air
24. Which f the fllwing can best describe the girl’s mther?
A. Kind and wise.B.Caring and shy.C. Funny and strict.D.Patient and dependable.
25.Which f the fllwing isRIGHT accrding t the text?
A. The girl wants t be a ballet teacher like her mther.
B. The girl’s dancing imprved a lt befre the perfrm annunced.
C. The girl felt disappinted, s she didn't want t practice hard at all.
D. The girl acted perfectly in the perfrm, and felt thankful t her mther.
26. What did the girl learn frm her ballet experience?
A. Her mm wuld always supprt her.
B. Dn't be afraid f disappinting thers.
C. Never try smething yu are nt gd at.
D. Every mm will be prud f their children's achievements.
考点
五年考情（2020-2024）
选材特点
文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。
语篇结构特点
科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。两类文章，通常都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点，目的是帮助读者明白“为什么是这样”。
事物说明文一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、作对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响；事物说明文通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。
解题策略
1 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图
2 利用文中语境线索，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断
3 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真