专题05 代词、冠词和介词-2025年中考英语二轮复习讲练（全国通用）

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考点一 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词
1．（2024·北京·中考真题）My friends and I like sprts. ________ ften play basketball tgether after schl.
A．WeB．IC．TheyD．Yu
2．（2024·四川·中考真题）My mther’s birthday is cming, and I will buy a gift fr ________.
A．sheB．hersC．herD．herself
3．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Oh! I frgt t bring ________ ruler.
—Dn’t wrry. I can share mine with yu.
A．IB．meC．myD．mine
4．（2024·天津·中考真题）When ________ parents went away n business, I lked after ________.
A．my; myselfB．my; mineC．me; myselfD．me; mine
5．（2024·河北·中考真题）—Mary, is this yur sister’s smartwatch?
—N, ________ is pink.
A．hisB．mineC．hersD．yurs
6．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Little Mary was prud f ______ because she taught Uncle Li hw t brrw bks nline.
A．herselfB．hersC．sheD．her
【知识必备】人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表
1.人称代词的用法［2024.41］
2.物主代词的用法［2024.68］
【注意】
（1）形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。如：This is my bag.=This bag is mine.
（2）当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时，不可以再用a, an, the, this, that等词来修饰。如：my bk，前面不可以再加a。
（3）形容词性物主代词可与wn连用来表示强调，意为“某人自己的”。如：This is her wn car.
【拓展】形容词性物主代词的常见固定搭配
n ne's wn独自
lse ne's life丧生
lse ne's way迷路
change ne's mind改变主意
make up ne's mind下定决心
take ne's time不着急，慢慢来
with ne's help在某人的帮助下
d/try ne's best尽某人最大的努力
t ne's surprise令某人感到惊讶的是
3.反身代词的用法
【拓展】反身代词的相关短语
lse neself迷失自我
enjy neself玩得愉快
talk t neself自言自语
keep sth. t neself保密
dress neself自己穿衣服
by neself单独地，独自地
cme t neself恢复；苏醒
help neself （t） 自用（食物等）
teach neself=learn by neself自学
lk after/take care f neself照顾自己
考点二 指示代词
1．（2024·江苏连云港·一模）The games f the cming Paris Olympics are similar t ________ f 2008 Beijing Olympic games.
A．thatB．thseC．thisD．ne
2．（2023·江苏南京·三模）The crnatin(加冕) f Charles III was a mre mdest size than f the late Queen Elizabeth, with far fewer guests in Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特大教堂) and a march back t Buckingham Palace which nly cvered abut a quarter f the distance cmpared t 1953.
A．itB．thatC．neD．this
3．（21-22九年级上·江苏盐城·期末）— Tw tickets fr the film The Battle at Lake Changjin, please.
—Only ne left. Wuld yu like t have _______, sir?
A．neB．itC．thisD．that
4．（2022·江苏连云港·二模）I find ________ is very exciting fr me t g camping in the pen air.
A．itB．thisC．neD．that
1.it, ne, this/these与that/thse
2.it的特殊用法
（1）it作形式主语，常用于以下句型：
①It's+adj. （+fr/f sb.）+t d sth. 做某事（对某人来说）是……的/（某人）做某事真……。如：
It's very imprtant fr us t eat breakfast every day.
②It's time t d/fr/that… 是（做）……的时间了。如：
It's time t get up.
③It seems that… 好像/似乎……。如：
It seems that the by is very interested in Chinese painting.
④It's ne's turn t d sth. 轮到某人做某事。如：
It's yur turn t clean the classrm.
⑤It's+adj.+that从句 ……是……的。如：
It's impssible that we finish the wrk in tw days.
⑥It takes/tk （sb.）+一段时间+t d sth. 做某事花费（某人）多长时间。如：
It tk him three hurs t get t the train statin.
（2）it作形式宾语，代替由动词不定式或从句等表示的真正宾语，常用在动词find, think, make, cnsider, feel等词后。如：
I find it imprtant t learn histry.
考点三 不定代词
1．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）Chemistry is as interesting as Physics. ________ f them help students explre the science wrld.
A．NeitherB．BthC．AllD．Nne
2．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）—There used t be lts f fish in the lake in ur neighburhd.
—Very ________ nw. The nearby factries ften put the waste int the river.
A．fewB．fewerC．littleD．less
3．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）We’re lking fr ________ wh can deal with the new cmputer virus.
A．smeneB．everyneC．smethingD．everything
4．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Andy, is there ________ in tday’s newspaper?
—Yes, I can lend mine t yu.
A．smething interestingB．anything interesting
C．interesting smethingD．interesting anything
考向1 普通不定代词
1.bth, either, neither, all与nne
【注意】“either/neither+f+名词复数/代词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可。
2.nne与n ne
3.sme与any
4.each与every
5.many与much
6.a little, little, a few与few
考向2 复合不定代词
1.初中常见的复合不定代词
2.复合不定代词的用法
考点四 疑问代词
1．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）— ________ is this basketball?
— Perhaps it’s ur English teacher’s. He likes sprts.
A．WhseB．WhereC．HwD．Which
2．（22-23九年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）—________ are yu lking frward t?
—Visiting the Great Wall.
A．WhatB．WhereC．Hw
3．（24-25九年级上·安徽蚌埠·期末）— Yu went t Shanghai last week. I wnder ________ yu went there with.
— Oh, sme f my pen friends.
A．whichB．whmC．whatD．whse
疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词，一般放在句首。
1．I bught ________ a pen as a gift, and she liked ________ very much.
A．she; thisB．her; itC．hers; thatD．hers; ne
2．—I’ve lst my ruler and I can’t find ___________ anywhere.
—I have many rulers in that bx. Just take __________.
A．it; itB．it; neC．ne; itD．ne; ne
3．Jenny likes the dress very much. S ________ wants t buy ________.
A．he; itB．he; neC．she; itD．she; nes
4．The by is frm Tianjin, and ________ name is Li Hua.
A．yurB．theirC．herD．his
5．This is a public park. _________ persn may visit _________.
A．Any; itB．Sme; itC．Any; themD．Sme; them
6．Bks are ________ best friends. Reading bks can prvide ________ with rich knwledge.
A．us; urB．us; ursC．urs; usD．ur; us
7．—D yu knw David is ______ cusin?—Yes, and I am a friend f ______. Nice t meet yu.
A．mine; himB．my; hisC．mine; hisD．my; him
8．I saw several girls at the dr, but ________ f them is my sister.
A．eitherB．neitherC．nneD．bth
9．—Have we gt _______ apples?—N, we haven’t. We’ve gt _______ ranges.
A．any; anyB．sme; anyC．sme; smeD．any; sme
10．It can’t be ________ brther. ________ is still in France.
A．my; HeB．he; HisC．him; HisD．me; He
11．________ hmetwn is famus fr tea and ________ is famus fr rice.
A．Her; myB．Her; mineC．Hers; myD．Hers; mine
12．—Lucy, culd yu please teach ________ English?
—Of curse! But it’s mre imprtant t learn it by ________.
A．my; yurselfB．me; yuC．my; yuD．me; yurself
13．I saw tw bys at the dr, but ________ f them is my brther.
A．eitherB．neitherC．nneD．bth
14．—Is this mbile phne a new type? —Yes, I bught _________ last weekend.
A．itB．thatC．neD．this
15．—Wuld yu like tea r cffee? —________. I am nt thirsty.
A．NneB．NeitherC．EitherD．Bth
16．The American student culd speak nly ________ Chinese, but he managed t cmmunicate with us.
A．fewB．littleC．a fewD．a little
17．—Why am I s unlucky tday?—Everyne has ne f thse days when ________ ges right.
A．nthingB．anythingC．everythingD．smething
18．—Maybe I can’t pass the Chinese test this time, Grandpa.—Dn’t wrry. Believe in ________.
A．himselfB．yurselfC．myselfD．herself
19．—Is there ________ in tday’s menu? —Yes. We have Beijing Rast Duck.
A．special anything B．special nthing C．anything special D．nthing special
20．—It’s unbelievable that 5G technlgy is prgressing in such a rapid way!—____________ is impssible.
A．SmethingB．AnythingC．NthingD．Everything
第二部分 冠词
考点一 不定冠词a/an
1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）I want t be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grw up.
A．aB．anC．theD．/
2．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Shenzhu-18 with three astrnauts was sent up n April 25th, 2024. It’s such ________ exciting event.
—Yes. And the astrnauts are ur heres. I want t be ________ useful persn like them.
A．a, anB．an, aC．a, the
1.基本用法
2.不定冠词的常见搭配
3.不定冠词a和an的区别
（1）a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：He tld me a very funny stry.
【注意】有一些词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但是以元音音素开头，要用an。如：an hnest by, an hur
（2）an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。如：
She is an excellent student.
（3）下表是常见的以元音字母开头的单词用a/an的各种情况：
（4）26个英文字母中，前面用an的字母要牢记：a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, , r, s, x。
考点二 定冠词the
1．（2023·上海·中考真题）We Chinese have the traditin f respecting ______ ld.
A．theB．/C．anD．a
2．（2024·天津·中考真题）My grandma has gt ________ garden. And ________ flwers in it are beautiful.
A．a; theB．an; theC．不填; 不填D．an; 不填
3．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest f her life in her hmetwn, China.
A．aB．anC．theD．不填
1.基本用法
2.定冠词的常见搭配
考点三 零冠词
1．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）I usually have ________ lunch with my classmates at schl.
A．/B．aC．anD．the
2．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）Yangzhu is ________ city full f ________ histry, culture and muthwatering fd.
A．the; aB．a; aC．the; theD．a; /
3．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）China’s panda Ya Ya finished ________ 30-day stay in Shanghai after landing in China and then was sent t Beijing Z in ________ May.
A．a; aB．a; theC．the; aD．a; /
1.基本用法
【注意】我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前，要加定冠词the，如：the Spring Festival
2.零冠词的常见搭配
1．—Jenny, why nt g fr ________ picnic this Saturday? —Sunds great.
A．aB．anC．theD．/
2．We can have ________ lunch in the dining hall and then have ________ break.
A．the; aB．/; aC．/; theD．a; the
3．This is __________ map f ur schl. In the middle f the schl is __________ ffice building.
A．the; aB．a; /C．/; anD．a; an
4．Lk, there’s ______ ntice. It says, “Help! Prtect ______ animals in danger.”
A．a; anB．an; 不填C．an; aD．a; the
5．Stnehenge is _________ ancient circle f stnes in _________ suth f England.
A．an; theB．an; 不填C．a; theD．a; a
6．________ best time t visit New England in a year is in _______ September.
A．/; theB．A; /C．A; theD．The; /
7．Paper cutting is ________ art frm with ________ lng histry in China.
A．a; theB．a; anC．an; aD．an; the
8．I want t g n ________ trip with my family in ________ summer hliday.
A．a; aB．a; theC．an; theD．the; a
9．Cambridge is n ________ River Cam and has ________ ppulatin f abut 120, 000.
A．the; aB．a; aC．the; theD．a; /
10．Fangfang enjys playing ________ pian and listening t ________ music as well.
A．/; theB．/; /C．the; /D．the; the
11．Jerry is eating _______ ice cream in _______ sun.
A．an; theB．an; /C．a; theD．a; a
12．—Hell! Is there ________ undergrund statin near here?—Yes. Lk! ________ statin is n the left.
A．a; TheB．a; AC．an; TheD．an; A
13．I always have an egg and ________ glass f milk fr ________ breakfast.
A．a; aB．the; aC．the; 不填D．a; 不填
14．Scientists try t find ut ________ best ways t prtect animals in ________danger.
A．the; aB．a; 不填C．the; 不填D．a; the
15．Jack is gd at playing ________ guitar, but Bill is gd at playing ________ ftball.
A．a; theB．the; /C．a; aD．the; the
16．Paris, a rmantic city, is chsen t be ________ hst f the 2024 Olympic Games．
A．aB．anC．/D．the
17．Beijing is ________ capital city f China. It’s ________ ancient city full f places f interest.
A．a; anB．a; theC．the; aD．the; an
18．Dn’t speak in ________ lud vice. I’m listening t ________ radi.
A．a; anB．a; theC．不填; theD．the; 不填
19．—D yu knw 2024 is the year f ________ Dragn?
—Sure. The dragn is ________ fifth sign in the Chinese zdiac cycle (生肖).
A．a; theB．/; theC．the; theD．the; /
20．Take ________ umbrella with yu. It’s ________ useful tl n rainy days.
A．a; anB．an; aC．a; theD．an; an
第三部分 介词
考点一 介词的基本用法
1．（2024·北京西城·模拟预测）The car accident happened ________ a cld mrning.
A．inB．atC．tD．n
2．（2024·江苏镇江·一模）The bridge ________ the river, nt far away frm here, is called Zhngshan Bridge.
A．acrssB．arundC．alngD．against
3．（2022·湖北黄石·模拟预测）—I culd tell ________ the lk n her face that smething exciting had happened ________ a cld evening.
—Exactly!
A．n, inB．with, nC．by, nD．by, in
4．（2023·江苏淮安·一模）—D yu like rainy days?
—Yes, I enjy lying in bed and listening t the rain beating ________ the windws.
A．thrughB．twardC．againstD．amng
5．（2022·江苏南通·一模）There’re s many things arund us _________ ur will. Hwever, we’ve n excuse t give up.
A．thrughB．twardsC．againstD．under
考向1 时间介词
考向2 方位介词
1.n, in, at与t
2.ver, under, abve与belw
3.其他常见方位介词
考向3 方式介词
考向4 其他介词
考点二 介词短语及固定搭配
1．（2024·江苏常州·一模）—It takes a lt f time and effrt t develp a gd habit.
—Yes, let’s take in ne step ________.
A．by the timeB．at a timeC．all the timeD．at that time
2．（2023·江苏常州·一模）—I’m srry. I didn’t win the first prize in the cmpetitin.
—Never mind. ________, it was yur first time t jin in such a cmpetitin.
A．In allB．After allC．Abve allD．First f all
3．（2022·天津河东·二模）He likes trying lts f new activities, ________ climbing, sailing and playing the pian.
A．as well asB．such asC．as sn asD．and s n
4．（2022·天津河北·二模）The gvernment asks the peple t srt (分类) rubbish int fur kinds ________ thrwing it away withut srting.
A．instead fB．just likeC．such asD．accrding t
考向1 介词与动词的搭配
（1）与int搭配：
turn…int… 将……变成…… get int 进入；陷入 fall int 落入；陷入
lk int 调查；观察 run int 撞上；偶然碰见 cme int 进来
（2）与arund搭配：
mve arund 四处走动；走来走去 lk arund 环顾四周 turn arund 转身
（3）与frm搭配:
hear frm收到……的来信 cme frm来自…… die frm死于……
prtect…frm… 保护……免受…… learn frm向……学习；从……中吸取教训
（4）与with搭配:
mix…with… 把……与……混合 agree with同意 practice with 和……一起练习
talk with 和……交谈 argue with 和……争吵
（5）其他
g acrss穿过;横过 wait fr等待 dream f梦想 belng t属于 lk frward t期待；盼望
考向2 介词与形容词/v.-ed的搭配
（1）be+adj./v.-ed+abut
be wrried abut对……担忧 be crazy abut 对……着迷 be sure abut确信；对……有把握
（2）be+adj./v.-ed+at
be gd at擅长…… be surprised at对……感到惊奇 be angry at对……生气（对事）
（3）be+adj./v.-ed+f
be scared f 害怕…… be full f充满…… be prud f为……感到自豪
（4）be+adj./v.-ed+frm
be different frm与……不同 be absent frm缺席…… be separated frm与……分开
（5）be+adj.+fr
be famus/knwn fr 因……而著名 be thirsty fr渴望 be gd fr对……有好处
（6）be+adj.+in
be interested in 对……感兴趣 be weak in在……方面薄弱 be rich in富于，盛产
（7）be+adj.+with
be filled with 充满…… be angry with生……的气（对人） be busy with忙于
（8）be+adj.+t
be harmful t对……有害 be similar t与……相似 be friendly/kind t对……友好
更多初中常见的“形容词/v.-ed+介词”短语详见本书“形容词短语辨析”。
考向3 介词与名词的搭配
（1）at短语:
at hme 在家里 at wrk 在工作中
at night在晚上at present 目前；现在
at the same time同时at the mment 在此刻
at breakfast早餐时
（2）in短语:
in a hurry 匆忙in rder t 以便，为了
in agreement达成一致in need 处于危难中
in persn 亲自in return作为回报
in hspital住院in the end最后
in rder井井有条，按顺序 in time及时
in fact事实上 in danger处于危险中
in ne's way挡住某人的路 in sme way（s）在某种程度上
in the beginning开始；起初；在开始的时候
（3）n短语:
n fire 着火n the way在路上
n Sunday 在星期天n business出差
n duty 值日n ft步行
n time准时n hliday在休假
n the ther hand 另一方面 n sale在出售；减价出售
n ne's way t… 在某人去……的路上
（4）by短语:
by the way顺便说一下 by accident偶然地
by hand手工 by the time到……的时候
by mistake错误地
考向4 其他常见介词相关搭配
after a while 过了一会儿
after all毕竟after breakfast早饭后
accrding t根据as usual像往常一样
be away frm远离because f因为
ut f breath上气不接下气 ut f cntrl失控
such as 例如 t ne's surprise令某人吃惊的是
with the help f sb. 在某人的帮助下
1．Our schl basketball team is ging t play ________ anther schl team next week. It must be exciting.
A．thrughB．abutC．againstD．int
2．I ften take my dg fr a walk __________ the street after dinner.
A．alngB．abveC．acrssD．arund
3．I can’t see the blackbard clearly because tw tall bys sit ________ me.
A．next tB．behindC．in frnt fD．n
4．All the students take the bus t schl ________ Sam. He ges t schl by bike.
A．thrughB．exceptC．amngD．including
5．There will be a basketball match ________ Class Three and Class Fur this afternn.
A．betweenB．amngC．exceptD．thrugh
6．Peple and birds share their hmes _________ the blue sky.
A．underB．frmC．besideD．withut
7．In China, Dr. Bethune helped treat wunded sldiers. He ften wrked very hard ________ taking a rest.
A．withutB．againstC．belwD．twards
8．—Hw d yu study fr a test?
—I study ________ asking the teacher ________ help.
A．by; frB．f; withC．by; tD．with; fr
9．The Chinese wmen’s table tennis team wn the champinship ______ February 24th, 2024.
A．inB．nC．atD．fr
10．In the picture, a girl sits ________ her mther, reading a bk.
A．thrughB．amngC．upD．beside
11．My parents ften take a walk ________ the river after supper.
A．abveB．inC．alngD．with
12．Mst peple are ________ building a paper factry near here. They are wrried the river will get plluted.
A．frB．withC．againstD．withut
13．It’s getting clder. The night temperature may drp ________ zer (零) degree.
A．verB．besideC．belwD．n
14．Let’s watch the cartn. The Mnkey King can fly ________ the sky and fight bad peple.
A．thrughB．afterC．betweenD．against
15．Happy birthday, Langdn! Here’s a gift ________ yu.
A．inB．frC．withD．frm
16．________ the fur great classical Chinese nvels, I like reading Jurney t the West best.
A．AmngB．AcrssC．AbveD．Alng
17．The by used t play cmputer games ________ night, as a result, he was sent t a hspital ________ a cld mrning.
A．in; atB．at; inC．at; nD．n; at
18．Pandas are beautiful animals, but they are ________.
A．in dangerB．in timeC．in painD．in fact
19．Peple ften lse things when they’re travelling r when they’re ________.
A．in a hurryB．at the mmentC．in the endD．in the future
20．一Yu lk really sleepy， 't yu sleep well last night?
一N，I didn't.I drank tw cups f cffee after dinner. ，I culdn't fall asleep until tw 'clck in the mrning.
A．S thatB．First f allC．After allD．As a result
考情
分析
考点分布
人称代词：考主格与宾格用法区别，如主格作主语、宾格作宾语，以及在比较级等语境中的使用。
物主代词：考查形容词性和名词性物主代词辨析，前者后接名词，后者可单独用。
反身代词：考其表示动作反射自身的用法，以及在“enjy neself”等固定短语中的搭配。
不定代词：是重难点，考查bth、neither等词用法区分，与形容词位置关系，sme与any、few与little等用法区别。
指示代词：考查this、that等基本用法，以及在打电话等特殊语境的运用。
题型分布
主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、阅读理解等题型中。
考法与
比重
考法：一是直接考语法规则，二是结合语境考查。
比重：约占中考英语总分的5%-10%，不同地区有差异，在各类题型中均有涉及。
命题
规律
语境化
注重在真实语言情境考查运用，考查语言实际运用和阅读理解能力。
综合化
与其他语法、词汇知识结合，如和动词时态、句型结构一起考。
高频化
常用代词如人称、物主、不定代词是高频考点。
生活化
考查内容贴近学生生活，阅读理解常涉学校、家庭等生活场景。
类别
人称
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
主格
宾格
形容词性
名词性
第一人称
单数
I
me
my
mine
myself
复数
we
us
ur
urs
urselves
第二人称
单数
yu
yu
yur
yurs
yurself
复数
yu
yu
yur
yurs
yurselves
第三人称
单数
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
复数
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
类别
位置
作用
例句
主格
句首， 用在动词前
作主语
I like English very much.
宾格
用在谓语动词或介词后，表示动作或行为的对象
作宾语
The by asked him fr help.（动词之后）
Can yu lk after her while I'm away？（介词之后）
宾格
用在系动词之后
作表语
—Wh's the by in the pht？
—It's me.（系动词之后）
类别
作用
例句
形容词性物主代词
作定语
Our classrm is very bright.
名词性物主代词
作主语
His bike is new， but mine is ld.
作宾语
I can't find my pen. Culd I use yurs？
作表语
This cmputer is hers.
与f连用，作定语
The red hat f hers is beautiful.
位置
作用
例句
动词或介词之后
作宾语
I hpe yu enjy yurselves at the party.（动词之后）
Jack, yu need t finish yur hmewrk by yurself.（介词之后）
系动词之后
作表语
I am nt quite myself tday.
名词或代词之后或句末
作同位语
The by made the mdel plane himself.
代词
用法
例句
it
特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物（同类同物）
He lked fr his watch everywhere, but he culdn't find it.
当说话人对所涉及的人的身份、姓名不清楚或看（听）不出来时，常用it指代
Lk at the baby!Isn't it lvely?
距离、时间或天气
It's getting clder and clder.
ne
泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物（同类异物）
The scarves are s beautiful. I want t buy ne fr my mther.
this/these
①常用来指代离自己较近的人或物，单数用this，复数用these；
②指代下文要提到的人或物
Please remember
this: N pains, n gains.
that/thse
①指代离自己较远的人或物，单数用that，复数用thse；
②常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复
Thse peple in the car are his brthers and sisters.
代词
用法辨析
bth
表示“两者都”，常见搭配bth… and…， 表示“……和……都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
either
表示“两者中的任意一个”， either… r… 表示“或者……或者……”，作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则
neither
表示“两者都不”， neither… nr… 表示“既不……也不……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则
all
表示“三者或三者以上都”，常与f连用
nne
表示“三者或三者以上都不”，常与f连用
代词
用法辨析
nne
指代人或物
可与f连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可
n ne
常指代人
不与f连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
相同点
均可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，表示“一些”，即不确定的数量、数目
不同点
sme
一般用于肯定句中，也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答
any
多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，用于肯定句时表示“任何（一个、一些）”
相同点
“each/every+名词”作定语时，谓语动词要用单数形式
不同点
each用作形容词、代词，可单独使用
every仅作定语，不可单独使用
each强调个体
every强调整体
each指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”
every指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”
each后可加f短语
every后不可加f短语
相同点
均表示“很多，许多”，可在句中作主语、宾语、定语，可以与s, t, as, hw等连用
不同点
many
指代或修饰可数名词复数
much
指代或修饰不可数名词
表否定(几乎没有)
表肯定(有一点/几个)
修饰可数名词
few
a few
修饰不可数名词
little
a little
sme-（肯定）
any-（否定/肯定）
every-（肯定）
n-（否定）
-ne（指人）
smene某人
anyne任何人
everyne每人，人人
n ne没有人
-bdy（指人）
smebdy某人
anybdy任何人
everybdy每人
nbdy没有人
-thing（指物）
smething某事
anything任何事
everything每一件事
nthing没有东西
用法
例句
由sme-和any-构成的复合不定代词在肯/否定句中的用法与sme和any在肯/否定句中的用法基本相同
We need smene t cme up with new ideas.
She wasn't anybdy befre she gt that jb.
形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时需后置
There is smething interesting in the bk.
复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
Smebdy is talking in the empty huse.
含复合不定代词的常用句型
There is smething/nthing wrng with… ……出问题了/没有问题。
There is nthing wrng with the car.
…have/has smething/nthing t d with… ……和……有关/无关
Her jb has smething t d with cmputers.
sb. can d nthing but… 某人什么都不能做，除了……
Be patient, anyway, yu can d nthing but wait.
代词
用法
例句
wh
“谁（主格）”，用于询问人，在句中作主语、宾语或表语
Wh tld yu the news？（作主语）
Wh did yu meet there？（作宾语）
Wh is yur teacher？（作表语）
whm
“谁（宾格）”，用于询问人，在句中作宾语
Whm are yu talking with？
whse
“谁的”，用于询问所属关系，在句中作定语或表语
Whse bk is this？（作定语）
Whse is the shirt？（作表语）
what
“什么”，用于询问事件、东西、职业等，在句中作主语、表语或宾语
What is in yur bag？（作主语）
What is this？（作表语）
What did yu buy?（作宾语）
which
“哪一个”，指在一定范围内的人或物，在句中作主语或宾语
Which is my seat？（作主语）
Which picture d yu like best？（作宾语）
考情
分析
考点分布
不定冠词（a/an）：依单词首发音选，表数量、泛指，用于固定搭配。
定冠词（the）：用于特指、上文提及、独一无二事物、序数词等情况。
零冠词：复数/不可数名词泛指、季节月份等名词、球类运动、非特指三餐前不用。
题型分布
主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空等题型中。
考法与
比重
考法：直接考规则或结合语境判断。
比重：占总分3%-7% ，单项选择、完形填空、语法填空均有涉及。
命题
规律
语境化
在真实情境，如故事场景中考查。
综合化
常与其他语法知识一同考查。
高频化
a/an、the基本用法为高频考点。
生活化
考查内容关联校园、家庭生活。
用法
示例
泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类
A car is a cnvenient mean f transprtatin.
It seems t be an interesting bk.
泛指人或物的身份或性质
A dctr can save peple's lives.
用于第一次提到的人或事物
I went t the shp and bught a watch.
用于序数词之前，表示“再一，又一”
After reading the stry， he wants t read it a secnd time.
表示“每一”，相当于every
He ges t the supermarket three times a week.
用在某些抽象名词或物质名词前，表示“一阵、一份、一场”
a great jy a heavy rain a strng wind
动词词组
give a hand给予帮助 have a cld感冒 have a gd/great time玩得愉快 have a picnic去野餐
have a tthache牙疼 have a try/lk试一试/看一看 keep a diary记日记 make a living谋生
pay a visit t拜访 take a walk散步 take a pht拍照
介词词组
in a hurry 匆忙in a mment立刻 as a result 结果in a wrd 总之
其他词组
a little/few 一点儿a lt f许多 a number f许多，大量a pair/piece/grup/bttle f一双/张/组/瓶
A a
an apple an artist an Asian cuntry an American girl
E e
an exciting jb a Eurpean cuntry an egg an eight-year-ld by
an eleven-year-ld by
I i
an idea an interesting stry
O
an range an ld man an utging girl
U u
a useful bk a university student a UFO a usual stry an unhappy girl
an umbrella an ugly man an unusual day
用法
示例
用在双方都知道的人或事物前
Give me the pen, please!
特指上文已提过的人或事物
My mther bught me a bk. The bk was interesting.
用在世界上独一无二的事物前
The earth mves arund the sun.
用在序数词前和形容词最高级前
The secnd girl is the shrtest, but she runs （the） fastest f all.（句中fast是副词）
用于形容词前，表示一类人或事物
The yung shuld be plite t the ld.
用于单数可数名词前，表示一类人或物
The shark is the mst dangerus animal in the sea.
用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇
The Whites are ging t have a picnic tmrrw.
用在表示方位的名词前
Xinjiang lies in the nrthwest f China.
用在乐器前
He plays the pian very well.
用在以普通名词构成的专有名词前
the Great Wall
the Summer Palace
用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛等的名称前
The West Lake is very beautiful.
介词词组
in the end最后 in the past在过去 by the way顺便说一下 at the age f在……岁时
at the same time同时 at the mment此刻，现在at the end/beginning f在……的末尾/在……开始时
the same as… 和……一样 in the mrning/afternn/evening 在早上/下午/晚上
动词词组
g t the cinema去看电影 g t the statin去车站
其他词组
the number f ……的数量 all the time一直
句型
What's the matter with yu？你（们）怎么了？
用法
示例
用于西方节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前
n Thanksgiving Day感恩节 n Mnday在星期一
in May在五月 in summer在夏天
用于一日三餐、球类运动、语言、学科、棋类游戏等名词前
have lunch吃午饭 play ftball踢足球
in English用英语 play chess下国际象棋
复数名词泛指一类人或事物
Children like t make snwmen in winter.
用于与by连用的交通工具名词前
by car/bus/plane/subway/… 乘轿车/公交车/飞机/地铁/……
名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰
my brther我的弟弟
that girl那个女孩
用于某些专有名词（人名、地名、国名）、物质名词、抽象名词前
live in Hng Kng住在香港
Curage is very valuable. 勇气是非常宝贵的。
介词词组
at hme在家 at wrk在上班 at first起初at last最后 at nn在中午 at night在晚上
at nce立刻 by mistake错误地 by hand手工in danger处于危险中 in time及时
in fact 事实上 in need 需要 in rder 井然有序 in space在太空 in truble处于困境
in class在上课 fr example例如 n time按时 n ft 步行 n shw展览 n business 出差
动词词组
g t schl/wrk去上学/去上班 have fun玩得开心 g t bed上床睡觉
learn by heart背诵 lse heart灰心
名词词组
day and night日日夜夜 face t face 面对面 step by step逐步地
考情
分析
考点分布
时间介词：in用于长时段，如年、月；n用于具体日期；at用于时间点。还有befre、by等。
地点介词：in表大地方或内部，at表小地点，n表表面接触，还有abve、under等。
方位介词：in指地区内，n表接壤，t表不接壤。
方式介词：in用语言材料，with用具体工具，by用方法手段。
固定搭配：像“listen t”“be late fr”，是考查重点。
题型分布
主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空等题型中。
考法与
比重
考法：直接考规则，或结合语境判断。
比重：分值占比约3% - 7% ，不同题型均有涉及。
命题
规律
语境化
在真实情境考查，如旅游日记中考查地点介词。
综合化
常与其他语法结合，如和定语从句一起考。
高频化
时间、地点介词基本用法和固定搭配常考。
生活化
考查内容关联日常出行、地点描述。
介词
用法
示例
n
①用在具体的某一天前或特定某一天的上午/下午/晚上前
n June 1st n a cld winter mrning
②用在星期、节日前
n Saturday n Children's Day
in
①用在某个世纪、年份、月份、季节或泛指的上午、下午或晚上前
in the 21st century in the 1980s in 2022 in July in spring
in the mrning/afternn/evening
②“in+一段时间”表示在一段时间之后，用于将来时
in a few days
at
①用在具体的时刻或正午、黎明、黄昏、午夜前
at 8：00atnnatmidnight
②用于年龄前
at the age f 15
during
在……期间
during the summer hliday
after
①用于将来时，表示“……之后”，后接时间点
The rm will be empty after seven 'clck.
②用于过去时，表示“……之后”，后接以过去为起点的时间段
Uncle Tm graduated frm his cllege after 3 years.
befre
在……之前
She must finish all the wrk befre ten 'clck.
since
后接表示过去的时间点，或表示过去时间点的时间状语从句，常用于现在完成时
Mr. Li has taught math in this schl since2003.
fr
后接时间段，表示动作的延续，主句常用现在完成时或一般过去时
We haven't seen each ther fr years.
until/till
“到……时；直到……为止”，表示动作持续到某一时间结束
They must practice playing the pian until/till 10 'clck.
The bys didn't g t bed until 12 'clck last night.
by
by+时间点，表示“不迟于……（nt later than）”，常用于过去完成时
They had seen fur English films by the end f last week.
介词
含义及用法
示例
n
表示“在……（的表面）上”（即：）
n the desk n the wall
表示A地位于B地的外部且接壤
（即：）
Hunan Prvince lies nthe west f Jiangxi Prvince. （湖南省同江西省接壤）
in
表示“在（大地方）”、“在……内部”或“在……范围之内”（即：）
in China in the nrth in the bx
表示A地属于B地（即：）
Taiwan lies in the sutheast f China.（台湾是中国的一部分）
at
表示“在（小地方）”或“在……附近，旁边”（即：）
at the dr at the airprt
at the statin at Park Street
t
表示“到……”
This rad leads t Lndn.
表示“在……范围之外”，即A、B两地不接壤（即：）
Japan lies t the east f China. （日本在中国的范围之外,且和中国不接壤）
介词
含义及用法
例句
ver
表示“在……正上方”，两者不接触
We can build a bridge ver the river.
under
表示“在……正下方”，两者不接触
My cat is lying under the chair.
abve
表示“在……上方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直
The plane is flying abve the cluds.
belw
表示“在……下方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直
The cat reaches belw the knees.
介词
含义
例句
arund
绕着
She put sme flwers arund her bed.
四处，在……周围
I went ut and had a walk arund.
alng
顺着；沿着……
They walked back alng the riverside.
utside
在……外面
The car was still utside the building.
inside
在……里面
There was a telephne inside the ffice.
behind
在……后面
Li Lei is behind the dr.
beside
在……旁边
Cme and sit beside me.
int
到……里面，进入
Cme int the huse.
near
在……附近
My hme is near the schl.
ppsite
与……相对；在……对面
Their huse is almst ppsite urs.
介词
用法
示例
by
by+表示交通工具的单数名词，且名词前不加任何修饰词
by plane by bus by subway
“by+名词/动名词”表示凭借某种工具或手段
by hand by selling flwers
in
in+封闭的交通工具，且名词前有限定词
Alan ges t wrk in his sister's car.
in+某种材料/语言/声音等
in English
n
n+开放型或大型交通工具，且名词前有限定词；固定搭配除外，如：n ft
My father ges t wrk n a bus every mrning.
表示通过网络、电话、收音机、电视等
They talked n the phne and made a deal.
with
表示“用；以；借助于”，其后常接具体的工具
I wrte the letter with a pen.
介词
含义及用法
例句
abut
关于（某人或某事）
At the museum, I learned a lt abut rbts.
大约；此处当副词讲，后接数词
There are abut six bks in my bag.
acrss
在……对面
There is a big park acrss frm the supermarket.
在……各处；遍及
acrss the wrld
against
反对，违反；倚，靠
N shuting, please!It's against the rules.
与……比赛
I am in ur schl team and we are ging t play against anther schl next week.
as
作为；以……身份
She wrks as a teacher.
像，如同，跟……一样
He speaks English as an Englishman.
except
除了……之外（没有），不包括后面所提到的人或物
Everyne is very happy except Tina.
fr
因为，由于
Thank yu fr helping me.
为了（表目的）
They went ut fr a walk.
给（对象、用途等）
I'm writing a pem fr Grandma.
赞成（常与系动词be连用）
I think yu'll be fr my pinin.
frm
来自;源于;出自（表示来源）
This gift is frm my friend.
从……（到……）（表示幅度或范围）
The stre is penfrm8 a.m. t 10 p.m.
使免遭;使免受（表示防止）
He tried t keep himself frm falling.
like
相似，类似，像
She was like a princess in a fairy tale.
例如，比如
Jane likes many sprts,like running and swimming.
像……一样
Let me talk t yu like a teacher.
under
低于，少于，在……以下（表示数量、年龄等）
Children under 5 can travel at half price.
thrugh
通过；以，凭借；贯穿；自始至终
Yu can nly achieve success thrugh hard wrk.
with
和……在一起，和，同
She came t schl with her classmates.
有，具有
There is a girl with a red hat under the tree.
随着，由于
With the develpment f sciety, peple pay mre attentin t their health.
withut
没有，缺乏
He fund the place withut any difficulty.
不和……在一起；无……相伴
Dn't g withut yur parents!
不（做某事），无
He left withut saying anything.
besides
除……之外，还有……
Besides Beijing, I have been t Shanghai.
amng
在……之间（三者及三者以上）
The wman wh is standing amng the students is Lily's mther.
between
在……之间（两者）；常用词组：between…and…
I will be back between five and six.
twards
朝；向；对着
She std up and walked twards him.