专题一　题型4　词句猜测题--2025年高考英语大二轮复习课件+讲义+专练

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词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对代词所指代内容的判断。
词义猜测题主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词或词组含义的能力，这些词和词组往往超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。词义猜测题的设问方式主要有：What des the underlined wrd/phrase “...” in t？What’s clsest in meaning t “...” in Which f the fllwing best explains “...” underlined in paragraph...？Which expressin can best replace the underlined wrd/phrase “...” in
(2024·新课标Ⅱ，D片段)In the wrng hands，such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde(代码) that pwers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable.She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic，making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which，by the clse，will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
技法1　根据逻辑关系猜词义
32.What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean? 设问方向：第二段中画线短语“In the wrng hands”的意思A.If read by smene prly reviewed by smene ill- written by smene less translated by smene unacademic.
判断逻辑关系：信号词but，thankfully表示转折关系，暗示画线短语所在部分与后面的意思相反。分析解题线索并推断词义：后面的句子提到坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，能把复杂难懂的东西翻译成可以理解的东西。结合转折关系可以推断，前面应该表示“如果是由能力较差的人来写，这样一本书可能会和驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂”，故推测画线短语表示“如果是由能力不足的人写的”。验证词义：后文说她从一个商业人士的实际角度而不是从一个学者的角度来写作，这使得这本指南非常容易理解而且信息丰富。这也证明了她有能力，写得好，故C项正确。
A(因果关系)The discvery is mmentus because micrplastics are s small that scientists have struggled t remve them frm ceans，rivers，and ther bdies f water.Typical wastewater treatment plants simply d nt have the technlgy t fully catch them s they ften make their way t the cean，where they are likely t be eaten by des the underlined wrd “mmentus” prbably mean?A.Accidental. B.Significant. C.Cmplex. D.Interesting.
B(对比关系)Mnet was raised in Le Havre，Nrmandy.He became interested in the utdrs and drawing frm an early age.His mther Luise Justine Aubrée Mnet endrsed his ambitins t be a painter，while his father Claude Adlphe disapprved and wanted him t pursue a career in business.Hwever，Mnet chse t fllw his is clsest in meaning t “endrsed”？A.Fulfilled. B.Trusted. C.Supprted. D.Cnfirmed.
C(选择关系)“Fr example，dctrs culd smeday use the technlgy t help them decide whether t cntinue r terminate the treatment f peple with disrders，” Lanvaz，a researcher f the study， des the underlined wrd “terminate” mean?A.Pstpne. B.Receive. C.Stp. D.Refuse.
D(递进关系)Cnstantly，wetlands are “transitin znes” between dry land and water.During flds，they spnge up excess(过量的) rainwater and even prtect peple frm the damage f flding.On the cast，wetlands help reduce the impact f strm surge pushed nt land by pwerful strms like hurricanes.Prtecting envirnment can help wildlife grw well and prtect us frm the changing f the fllwing best explains the underlined “spnge up”？A.Blck. B.Absrb. C.Steam. D.Prduce.
(2021·全国甲，C片段)Suthbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center f British skatebarding，where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing.I lved it.I sn made friends with the lcal skaters.We spke ur wn language.And my favrite： Safe. Safe meant cl.It meant hell.It meant dn’t wrry abut it.Once，when trying a certain trick n the beam(横杆)，I fell nt the stnes，damaging a nerve in my hand，and Tby came ver，helping me up：“Safe，man.Safe.” A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their bards lud，shuting：“Safe! Safe! Safe！” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks，being a gd skater.
技法2　根据语法关系猜词义
原文关键词＝题干线索词
29.What d the underlined wrds “Safe！Safe！Safe！” prbably mean？
分析句子，找寻语法关系信号词，做出猜测：由信息句可知，信号词为meant，说明后面的内容是对前面的解释，所以根据后面的cl，hell和dn’t wrry可知，safe在这一群人之间可以表示赞扬、问候或安慰，结合画线词是朋友们在作者掌握一项技巧之后所说，故推断“Safe！Safe！Safe！”应该是赞扬的意思。对比选项，确定答案：对比选项知B项“做得好！”为正确答案。
设问方向：画线词“Safe！Safe！Safe！”的意思A.Be careful! B.Well dne! C.N way! D.Dn’t wrry!
1.Pantmime refers t a shrt play in which n wrds are spken. ____ 2.Semantics，the study f the meaning f wrds，is necessary if yu are t speak and read intelligently. ______3.Yu may brrw frm the library any peridicals：News Weekly，Reader’s Digest. _____
4.I am a by wh likes reading and I read all kinds f bks.When I d this，I have ended up with tw speeds—fast and slw depending n hw wrthwhile I find the bk.I like t analyze and pnder ver the wrds and cntents f the bks，which can sharpen my mind.What des the underlined phrase “pnder ver” in this paragraph mean?A.Think abut. B.Speak ut. C.Cut dwn. D.Take ver.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ，C片段)The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism，including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks，and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.T d s，I divided the bk int tw parts.In part ne，I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism，starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable，befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
技法3　根据构词法猜词义
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy：the digital declutter.
[1]判断画线词类型：派生词：词根clutter v.凌乱地塞满；乱堆放 n.杂乱的东西；杂乱　前缀de-为否定前缀，有去除之意[2]初步确定词义：所猜词意思＝词根意思＋前缀意思，“去除杂乱的东西；使不再凌乱”，即“清理”
This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.At the end f the thirty days，yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
[3]验证词义：画线词后句中的This prcess指代the digital declutter。该句提到这个过程要求读者在30天内远离可选择的网络活动。由此可知，作者应是建议读者进行网络活动的清理，推知declutter意为“清理”，备选项中，clear-up与此同义，故A项为正确答案。
In the final chapter f part ne，I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter.In ding s，I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter.Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them，and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
29.What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?设问方向：第三段中画线单词“declutter”的意思A.Clear-up. B.Add-n. C.Check-in. D.Take-ver.
1.(合成词)Gd tl design is imprtant in the preventin f veruse injuries.Well-designed tls and equipment will require less frce t perate them and prevent awkward(别扭的) hand psitin. ___________2.(派生词)Exhibitin fficials said that a persn bitten by ne f these snakes wuld need at least 80ml f an anti-pisn medicine t be saved.
3.(转化词)Rainfrests like the Amazn are imprtant fr mpping up CO2 frm the atmsphere and helping t slw glbal warming.The underlined phrase “mpping up” in the paragraph means up B.taking in C.wiping ut D.giving up
技法4　根据上下文语境猜词义上下文语境是猜测画线部分含义的重要依据之一。在解题时，考生需要“瞻前顾后”，全面考虑文章所要表达的含义。有时，文章会在上下文中给出线索，考生可依此猜测画线部分的含义。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，C片段)When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre，learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen.A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simpletasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—t nes that require mental abstractin—such as drawing inferences frm a text.
28.What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?设问方向：画线短语“shine thrugh”的意思A.Seem unlikely t hard t ready t easy t ntice.
瞻前顾后寻找线索：线索1：当阅读几百或更多字的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在电子屏幕上学习更成功。线索2：阅读印刷品的好处尤其……线索3：当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章中的主要思想)到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时。分析解题线索并推断词义：由画线词前面的线索1可知，在纸上学习非常有优势，线索2在程度上递进说优势尤其 ，画线词后面的线索3提到当实验人员把任务从易到难推进时的情境，可以推测画线短语应该是表示阅读印刷品的优势在此情境的特点，结合短语中shine“闪耀；出色”可推知，画线短语应该意为“更为明显”。对比选项，确定答案：对比选项发现D项“容易被注意到”与猜测词义相近，故为正确答案。
A(2023·全国甲，B片段)Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself).Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture，she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?A.An artist. B.A winner. C.A specialist. D.A pineer.
B(2022·新课标Ⅰ，C片段)Wendy Wilsn，extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street，ne f the first t embark n the prject，said：“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins.We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”2.What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?A.Imprve. B.Oppse. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。常见的设问形式有：What des the underlined wrd “that/this/it/...” in t?
(2024·浙江1月，B片段)When was the last time yu used a telephne bx? I mean t make an actual phne call—nt t shelter frm the rain.Ages ag，right? The last time I used a phne bx fr its intended purpse was cnducting auditins(试演) fr my play in my tiny ld shared huse in Lndn.Hping t impress sme talented actrs t cme and wrk frme fr nthing，I spread sme thrws ver the sfas and lit candles tmake it seem a bit mre “yung prfessinal”.
代词位置：段末，应指代上文
24.What des the underlined wrd “it” in the first paragraph refer t?设问方向：第一段画线代词“it”的指代对象A.The play. B.The shared sfa. D.The telephne bx.
寻找解题线索：代词it指代单数，可知指代内容应为画线词前面的单数事物。分析关键句，识别指代内容：关键句提到为了给一些有才华的演员留下深刻印象，让他们免费为“我”工作，“我”在沙发上铺了一些垫子，点燃了蜡烛，为了让它看起来更“年轻专业”一点。此处的“它”应该指代上文提到的“我的小旧合租房”。故答案选B。
A(2020·新课标Ⅰ，C片段)In the mid-1990s，Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven mnths，physically brken and having lst his mind.A few years later，still attracted t the cuntry，he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit，hwever，ended up invlving a lt mre than that.Hence this bk，Chasing the Sea：Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia，which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan，where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea.It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land，and f the peple he meets n his way：Rustam，his translatr，a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia，Oleg and Natasha，his hsts in Tashkent，and a string f freign aid wrkers.
1.What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?A.Develping a serius mental a guided tur in Central as a vlunteer in an article abut the Aral Sea.
BCry’s shearwaters are lng-lived，rarely prducing yung successfully befre age nine.This leaves an pening fr learning and practice t develp their migratin patterns.Researchers call this the “explratin-refinement”，and until nw it has been hypthetical(假设的) because f difficulties in tracking migratry animals’ des the underlined wrd “this” refer t?A.The pening fr learning and unique living habit f Cry’s way Cry’s shearwaters frm their migratin prcess scientists track Cry’s shearwaters’ mvements.
高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查，因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意猜测题。设问方式有：What des the underlined expressin/sentence “...” in
(2019·浙江，B片段)Mney with n strings attached.It’s nt smething yu see every day.But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth，a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What Yu Can，Take What Yu Need.”
24.What des the expressin “mney with n strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?设问方向：第一段画线句子“mney with n strings attached”的意思A.Mney spent withut hesitatin. B.Mney nt legally ffered withut cnditins. D.Mney nt tied tgether.
分析信息句，猜出画线句的句意：定位原文画线句，找到后面的关键信息句“Give What Yu Can，Take What Yu Need.”(给出你所能给的，拿走你所需要的)，可知如果你有能力，就捐钱；如果需要钱，就可以拿走钞票，没有任何条件，给和拿都是自愿的。对比答案知C项符合，为正确答案。
In the villages f the English cuntryside，there are still peple wh remember the gd ld days when n ne bthered t lck their drs.There simply wasn’t any crime t wrry abut.Amazingly，these happy times appear still t be with us in the wrld’s biggest cmmunity.A new study by Dan Farmer，a gifted prgrammer，using an autmated investigative prgram f his wn called SATAN，shws that the wners f well ver half f all Wrld Wide Web sites have set up hme withut fitting lcks t their drs.
SATAN can try ut a variety f well-knwn hacking(黑客的) tricks n an Internet site withut actually breaking in.Farmer has made the prgram publicly available，amid much criticism.A persn with evil intent culd use it t hunt dwn sites that are easy t burgle(入室盗窃).What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?A.Many Internet sites are nt well happy times appear still t be with simply wasn’t any crime t wrry dn’t actually break int an Internet site.