北京市海淀区2024-2025学年高三第一学期期末考试英语试题Word版（附参考答案）

这是一份北京市海淀区2024-2025学年高三第一学期期末考试英语试题Word版（附参考答案），共26页。试卷主要包含了01，5 分，共 15 分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

本试卷共 8 页，100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Last weekend, I tk Ri, my energetic 3-year-ld grandsn wh culdn’t sit still fr a mment, t the park s he culd run arund and see the duck pnd. My gal was t get him utside fr a while, let him （1 )sme energy, and teach him abut the ducks. But he had n gals. Three-year-lds dn’t need gals.
That was the first f several lessns I learned that day. I had expected t be the teacher, but I had it （2 ). My grandsn helped me remember things we’re brn knwing but frget in the prcess f becming an adult.
Ri had a sense f （3 ). As sn as we walked int the park, he lked up at the sky. It was a cld day, with pillwy cluds drifting acrss the sky, and he fund （4 )in watching them. I’d frgtten hw magical cluds culd be.
His explratin was endless. He was always n the search fr sticks. He knew that a stick culd be used fr many things. He scraped the grund with them, rapped a drumbeat with them n trees and benches, and（5 )them in the air like a flag. N need fr tys r electrnic devices, unlike at hme. Just sticks.
There were a few kids playing in the park with a parent and peple walking dgs. Ri said hi t everyne and stuck ut his hand fr a high-five with a few 4- t 5-year-lds. He tried t （6) cnversatins with enthusiasm. It was clear he didn’t care what peple lked like, hw ld they were, r whether they said hell first. N （7) . Just a sincere desire t （8 ).
My biggest revelatin frm ur hur in the park was that Ri was fully （9 )n matter what he was ding. He never asked what time it was, when we were leaving, r what we were ging t d next. He was, every secnd we were there, cmpletely and abslutely in the（10 ).
I wish I culd be. Dn’t we all?
1. A. burn B. feel C. waste D. prduce
2. A. tgether B. here C. ut D. backwards
3. A. directin B. wnder C. security D. purpse
4. A. jy B. hpe C. difference D. relief
5. A. brke B. threw C. waved D. kicked
6. A. write dwn B. strike up C. reflect n D. lk int
7. A. envy B. guilt C. judgment D. amazement
8. A. shw B. imprve C. explain D. cnnect
9. A. aware B. prepared C. present D. infrmed
10. A. way B. lead C. balance D. mment
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空：请在答题纸指定区域作答。
A
The largest desert in China, the Taklamakan Desert, is nw cmpletely encircled by a green belt 11 (stretch) 3,046 km. This is part f China’s Three-Nrth Shelter Belt Frest Prgram t address desertificatin and restre eclgical balance. Since the launch f the prgram 12 1978, China 13 (expand) its affrestatin area by 32 millin hectares (公顷). The prject fully demnstrates China’s 14 (innvate) apprach t eclgical cnstructin and ffers valuable experience fr glbal effrts in fighting desertificatin.
B
Tday’s parents face smething different and mre demanding. They are expected t spend ever mre time and mney educating and enriching their children. These pressures, researchers say, 15 (drive) in part by fears that if parents d nt equip their children with every pssible advantage, their children culd fail t achieve a secure life. This parenting style invlves painstakingly and methdically cultivating children’s talents, academics and futures thrugh everyday 16 (activity). But we may have gt int a situatin, sme experts suggest, 17 intensive parenting has becme t intense fr parents.
C
We all have been in this situatin: At a meeting, everyne else agrees n a slutin, and yu are the nly ne still ppsing it, r at least dubting 18 it will wrk. Emplyees ften face this dilemma, referred t as “cnfrmity bias (从众偏差)”—individuals feel 19 (stress) t g alng with the decisin f the majrity, even if it seems wrng. 20 (avid) this bias, leaders shuld ensure that everyne at the table has a vice and that all ptins are cnsidered in rder t wrk tward a better slutin.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Take part in ur award-winning summer STEM (Science, Technlgy, Engineering, Math) teen academic prgrams. All curses are cnducted nline.
Current curse fferings include:
Bitech Research: Cmplete an award-winning, cmpetitive admissins prgram this year. Yu’ll thank yurself when yu have ne mre prestigius credential t add t yur cllege applicatins. We prvide students with state-f-the-art lab equipment and materials t use at hme—all shipped t yur drstep. The time is NOW t apply.
Bimedical & Surgical Research: The Bimedical and Surgical Research prgram brings anatmy (解剖) t life thrugh discussin and practice f surgical prcedures. Frm case studies and lectures t mck surgical prcedures, students spend three weeks learning what it takes t be a surgen.
Plymer Chemistry: Materials Science is a new exciting field that includes plymer chemistry and plastics engineering f materials t synthesize (合成) and t create custm r brand new materials with specific prducts fr specific uses. Receive materials right t yur hme t create yur wn plymers!
Intr t Rbtics: Are yu always taking things apart, seeing hw they wrk and then putting them back tgether again? Are yu curius hw rbts and ther machines wrk? Frm vice activated, digital persnal assistants like Alexa and Siri t ur everyday kitchen appliances, the wrld f rbtics is advancing and rbts are becming an integral part f ur everyday life. The future is nw and the field f rbtics is bming!
Frensics (法医学): D mysteries excite yu? D yu dive int crime scene shws such as Criminal Minds and Law & Order? D yu want t g behind the scenes t learn what happens during a crime investigatin r trial? This remte prgram is designed fr students all ver the wrld interested in the scientific apprach t crime scenes. This prgram will intrduce the principles f frensic science and will prvide the pprtunity t explre lab techniques, fingerprint methds and mre thrugh the VR techniques!
Click here t see sessin dates and csts.
21. Which curses ffer t ship materials?
A. Plymer Chemistry and Frensics. B. Intr t Rbtics and Bitech Research.
C. Bitech Research and Plymer Chemistry. D. Frensics and Bimedical & Surgical Research.
22. Students wh chse Frensics can ______
A. watch TV series with VR equipment B. study criminal minds n the scene
C. draft the principles f frensic science D. experience crime investigatin virtually
23. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T prmte summer academic prgrams. B. T cmpare different nline prgrams.
C. T intrduce the cntent f the prgrams. D. T explain the benefits f the prgrams.
B
On a brisk Octber mrning, with 20 punds f gear n my back, I hiked up a steep, rcky trail. With each step, I felt my thrat tighter and my lungs heave.
This was an experiment. Grwing up, my family’s annual “hikes” ften left me weeping with exhaustin after nly 2 miles. Decades later, I wndered, at the ripe age f 26, culd I learn t lve the utdrs? I decided t start in the deep end with this hiking.
Prepared with weeks f exercise, I jined my grup at the trailhead near the city brder. An hur after setting ff, I fell behind, nt sure if I culd make it. Frank, my hiking cmpanin, slwed dwn t accmpany me.
“Lk at the sky, the trees!” he exclaimed.
Wheezing, I stpped t crane my neck. Nature in all its magnificence chse t shw ff. The wind whistled, rustling the yellw canpy verhead. Cntinuing n, I made a pint t stp and lk arund every few minutes.
Three hurs later, we reached ur campsite, a vast grassy area. Frank guided me thrugh putting up my tent, a small victry after a challenging mrning. We then sught ur nly water surce, Sunfish Pnd. Much t my annyance, I repeatedly lst my fting and returned t camp after cuntless falls.
At camp, I built a fire using nly flint (火石) sticks. My cheap sleeping pad kept lsing air, and my sleeping bag did little t keep the cld air ut. Arund 2 a.m. I teared up in frustratin and lay sleepless. Hwever, emerging frm my tent int the misty mrning, I felt my md lifted. Autumn seemed t have kicked in vernight and the leaves glwed. I ate a breakfast f instant ndles and then jined the thers, sharing intimate thughts I usually kept hidden.
Back at the trailhead where we started, my friend asked what we were grateful fr. I piped up abut the vulnerable and funny cnversatins I’d enjyed with fellw hikers—and the space t reflect. The frest and its temprary dwellers had cnvinced me I was capable f much mre than I thught pssible.
Did the experiment wrk? Memries f that sleepless, freezing night might give me pause befre I crawl int a tent again. But that desn’t mean I’m away frm the wds cmpletely. I returned t New Yrk smelly and sre, but when I stepped ff the bus int the city’s hustle and bustle, I als felt an unexpected calm.
24. Why did the authr decide t g n a hiking trip?
A. T imprve his physical health. B. T escape frm the fast-paced city life.
C. T explre his ptential fr the utdrs. D. T revisit a childhd passin fr hiking.
25. Which best describes the authr’s emtinal jurney?
① amazed ② dubtful ③ annyed ④ peaceful ⑤ uplifted
A. ③②⑤①④ B. ②①③⑤④ C. ②③①④⑤ D. ③④②①⑤
26. What has the authr learned frm the experience?
A. Success lies in self-acceptance. B. Wilderness heals a brken heart.
C. Small setbacks lead t great achievements. D. Nature gives mre than expected.
C
As glbal temperatures cntinue t rise due t human-induced climate change, precise cmputerized climate mdels will be crucial in shedding light n hw ur climate will evlve in the cming years.
A study published in Jurnal f Gephysical Research: Atmspheres by Chle Clark and her team frm UC Irvine highlights a significant issue with a cmmnly used climate mdel knwn as the Energy Exascale Earth System Mdel (E3SM). The research reveals that this mdel currently verestimates a key physical prperty f Earth’s climate system called albed, which is the degree t which ice reflects planet-warming sunlight int space.
Albed is a measure f the reflectivity f a surface, expressed as the fractin f incming slar radiatin that is reflected by that surface back int space. It is a critical factr in determining Earth’s climate and energy balance. Surfaces with high albed, such as snw and ice, reflect a large prtin f slar energy, whereas darker surfaces like frests r ceans absrb mre slar energy.
“We fund that with ld mdel versins, the ice is t reflective by abut five percent,” said Chle Clarke, “Ice reflectivity was much t high.”
The amunt f sunlight the planet receives and reflects is imprtant fr estimating hw much the planet will warm in the cming years. Previus versins f E3SM verestimated albed because they failed t accunt fr micrphysical prperties f ice in a warming wrld. These prperties include the effects things like algae (藻类) and dust have n albed. Dark-clred algae and dust can make snw and ice less reflective and less able t reflect sunlight.
T d the analysis, Clarke and her team studied satellite data t track the albed f the Greenland Ice Sheet. They fund E3SM verestimates the reflectivity f the ice sheet, meaning the mdel estimates less melt than what wuld be expected frm the ice micrphysical prperties. But with the new ice reflectivity incrprated int the mdel, they discvered the Greenland Ice Sheet is melting at a rate f abut six gigatns mre than in lder mdel versins. This is based n albed measurements that are mre cnsistent with satellite bservatins.
Clarke hpes her team’s study stresses the imprtance f the seemingly minuscule prperties that can have far-reaching cnsequences fr the verall climate. “I think ur wrk is ging t help mdels d a much better jb f helping us capture snw and ice-related climate feedbacks,” she said.
Next, Clarke wants t study different icy parts f the planet t calculate hw widespread the albed discrepancy (差异) is in E3SM. “Our next steps are t get it s the mdel is functinal glbally and nt just valid ver Greenland,” said Clarke, wh als intends t cmpare the new Greenland Ice Sheet melt rates t bservatins t measure hw much mre accurate the new ice albed is. “It wuld be useful t apply it t glaciers in places like the Andes and Alaska.”
27. Accrding t the passage, albed _______
A. changes with the lightness f surfaces
B. matches up with the shape f the ice r snw
C. is a measure f the slar energy arriving at the surface
D. varies with the directin f the incming slar radiatin
28. What can be learned frm the passage?
A. The new mdel is mre reliable than satellite bservatins.
B. The previus mdel versins verestimate Greenland melt.
C. Mdel adaptatin imprves the accuracy f climate predictins.
D. Scientists have used the mdel glbally t reduce the discrepancy.
29. What des the underlined wrd “minuscule” in Paragraph 7 prbably mean?
A. Tiny. B. Invisible. C. Plain. D. Stable.
30. The last paragraph is written t _______
A. nte the limitatins f the finding
B. pint ut further research directins
C. illustrate the benefits f a new apprach
D. sum up the changes made in E3SM
D
Crucial systems acrss the wrld cllapsed n Friday, triggered by ne mistake in a single cmpany. The pwer cut f CrwdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may end up being the wrst infrmatin technlgy disaster in histry.
This was nt, hwever, an unfreseeable freak accident, nr will it be the last f its kind. Instead, the devastatin was the inevitable utcme f mdern scial systems that have been designed fr hypercnnected ptimizatin (优化), nt decentralized resilience.
There is ften a trade-ff between maximum ptimizatin and resilience. Cnsider a basic prehistrical scial system in which many humans lived in small, islated bands. What any single persn did wuld have little t n effect n thse living elsewhere. It was an inefficient, basic system but if ne part f the human system failed, few thers were affected.
Thrughut ur advancement as a species, frm building empires t building machines, scial systems have evlved t be mre cnnected and centralized. In the 21st century, the cmbinatin f glbalizatin and digitizatin has created a landscape characterized by the threat f catastrphic, immediate risk. Glbalizatin enables large efficiency gains, where a prduct can be put tgether frm carefully managed links in the glbal supply chain. But thse systems lack resilience. Every link must fit tgether perfectly; the system falls apart if even ne chain breaks.
Centuries ag, the philspher David Hume wrte that we can never be certain that the patterns f the past will remain the patterns f the future. This is especially true in the 21st century as we are betting mre and mre f ur wrld n unstable systems. Can we really trust ur species t flawlessly gvern unimaginably cmplex systems—systems we dn’t always fully understand—that can be brught dwn by a single screw-up?
Mdern scieties have discunted the cst f that risk because ur current reward systems favr ptimizatin ver resilience. CEOs try t deliver shrt-term imprvements, nt lng-term planning. Nbdy gets reelected by investing in a rainy-day fund. Business leaders are hired r fired based n quarterly results.
Even thugh the mdern quest fr ptimizatin has t ften made resilience an afterthught, it is nt inevitable that we cntinue dwn the risky path we’re n. And making ur systems mre resilient desn’t require ging back t a discnnected, primitive wrld, either. Instead, ur cmplex, intercnnected scieties simply demand that we cmprmise a bit f efficiency in rder t allw a little extra cushin (缓冲).
If scial systems rely n a mre diverse digital array f cmpanies, the scieties will be less vulnerable (脆弱的). Fr the brader set f risks facing glbal sciety, better regulatin is essential t ensure fail-safes, backups, and stress testing—s that ne errr desn’t bring dwn entire systems. The CrwdStrike breakdwn is a clear warning that the mdern wrld is fragile by design. S far, we have decided t make urselves vulnerable. That means we can decide differently t.
31. The authr mentins the CrwdStrike mainly t _________
A. highlight its crucial rle in cybersecurity
B. intrduce an infrmatin technlgy cllapse
C. explain why peple are in a cnnected system
D. indicate predictable failures f the mdern system
32. What can be inferred abut a mre glbalized system?
A. It leads t a highly advanced digitalized netwrk.
B. It tends t priritize adaptability ver prductivity.
C. It enlarges the impact f lcal errrs t a glbal scale.
D. It guarantees immediate ecnmic rewards fr participants.
33. As fr the future f scial systems, which wuld the authr agree with?
A. The mre discnnected they are, the mre resilient they will be.
B. Sme efficiency shuld be sacrificed fr mre flexibility.
C. Lng-term planning prevents structural breakdwns.
D. Histry can help peple predict future patterns.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Hypercnnectivity: The Price f Perfectin
B. A Wakeful Warning: The Lessn frm CrwdStrike
C. System Cllapse: An Inevitable Technlgy Disaster
D. Resilience vs. Optimizatin: A Debate fr Better Systems
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine yu’ve been wrking fr hurs befre a deadline, but yu feel like yu’re getting nwhere. Yu’re starting t feel really anxius. At this pint, yu might start t blame yurself fr having this emtin. Nw yu have tw emtins: feeling anxius abut getting wrk dne and feeling frustrated that yu are anxius. When the secnd emtin gets layered n tp f the first emtin, yu ften feel wrse and are even less likely t reach yur gals. Yu may nw be wndering if it is pssible t make the secnd emtin less likely. 35 .
Many peple have heard f “mindfulness”. It is ften assciated with ding a meditatin (冥想) practice, but its essence is t be mre aware and accepting f yur present-mment experience. 36 Acceptance can limit judgmental thughts and unhelpful secndary emtins.
Let me explain. Picture yurself in a challenging situatin like the scenari described abve and yu feel anxiety arising. Instead f getting upset at yurself fr having this emtin, yu bring yur awareness t the experience f the emtin and accept it. Yu might feel that this anxiety is nt fun t experience. 37 With this attitude f acceptance, and stepping away frm the tendency t fight against the emtin, yu are less likely t get stuck in a lp f judgmental thughts that might trigger mre unwanted emtins.
38 But evidence suggests that it wrks. That is prbably because accepting yurselves, including yur emtins, relieves pressure. Yu stp adding fuel t the emtinal fire when yu release judgmental thughts abut yur emtins. 39 Fr instance, yu culd turn dwn the vlume n the initial emtin, perhaps by seeing the situatin frm a new perspective r asking smene fr supprt.
A. Thankfully, research suggests that the answer is yes.
B. Yu can’t be prductive even when yu have mre inner space.
C. Then yu may questin if yu are feeling anxius abut getting wrk dne.
D. Yet yu knw yu can breathe it thrugh and that it is just a passing emtin.
E. Smetimes the experience includes an unpleasant emtin yu dn’t want t feel.
F. It might sund unreasnable that embracing an unpleasant emtin can be a gd thing.
G. Yu als create mre inner space t determine whether yu can d smething that helps.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。
The Cambridge Dictinary defines curisity as “an eager wish t knw r learn abut smething,” which cmes in varius types. Ian Leslie, in his bk Curius, utlines three types: “adventurus curisity”, the desire t explre new places and peple; “intellectual curisity”, the deep dive yu take when finding ut abut a particular tpic; and “empathetic curisity”, the wanting t find ut mre abut the peple arund us. As children, we bubble ver with curisity. Hwever, as we grw up, it can fade. Wrse, we can cme t believe that it’s a bad thing. After all, didn’t it kill the cat?
Neurscience suggests ne explanatin fr this decline. Brains in early childhd pssess great plasticity and lay dwn lts f neural pathways based n the infrmatin we gather frm all that curius explring and experimenting. Hwever, as we grw lder, ur brains lse sme f that flexibility. And we rely n thse earlier pathways t deal with the things we’ve seen and dne befre. It’s a way f cnserving brain energy fr ecnmy and cmpetence in cping with rdinary life.
Whatever underlies ur shrinking curisity, research repeatedly shws that we’d be better ff
高三年级（英语）第 7 页（共 8 页）
cntinuing t cultivate it. Curisity is linked t lwer levels f anxiety, a greater satisfactin in life, achieving academically, building empathy and imprved relatinships. It als prtects brain health thrugh staying mentally active by trying smething new. These psitive effects f curisity are deeply intertwined with ur brain’s chemical respnses. Research shws that brain’s dpamine system is activated when smething nvel happens. Rather than prduce pleasure, dpamine actually stimulates ur lnging t cntinue the activity, in this case the desire t find ut mre. It’s easy t see hw this brain chemistry has helped us.
Curisity has mtivated ur ancestrs t questin, experiment and learn, leading us ut f the Stne Age t the Brnze Age and the Irn Age and, finally, t the Infrmatin Age. It has sparked ur greatest achievements and discveries and cntinues in ur persnal lives t bring greater cntentment. S, perhaps the cat was simply unlucky, because fr us humans, curisity cntinues t be essential, bth t ur survival and ur ability t flurish.
40. What are the three types f curisity accrding t Ian Leslie?
41. Why d we rely n earlier pathways t deal with the things we’ve seen and dne befre?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
➢ When smething nvel happens, the dpamine system f the brain is activated t make us feel happy.
43. Hw d yu develp yur curisity? (In abut 40 wrds)
第二节（20 分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校上周举办了主题为“让传统文化潮起来”的创意文化节。你的英国好友 Jim 看到了你分享的活动照片，对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问相关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1. 活动内容；
2. 你的感想。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yurs,
Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题纸指定区域内）
高三年级（英语）第 8 页（共 8 页）
海淀区 2024—2025 学年第一学期期末练习
高三英语参考答案
2025.01
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. D
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
11. stretching 12. in 13. has expanded 14. innvative 15. are driven/have been driven
16. activities 17. where 18. whether/if 19. stressed 20. T avid
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
21. C 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D
27—29. ACAB 31—34. DCBB
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
35—39. AEDFG
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分）
40. Adventurus curisity, intellectual curisity, and empathetic curisity.
41. Because ur brains lse sme f the flexibility. / Because it’s a way f cnserving brain energy fr ecnmy and cmpetence in cping with rdinary life.
42. When smething nvel happens, the dpamine system f the brain is activated t make us feel happy.
When smething nvel happens, the dpamine system f the brain is activated t stimulate ur lnging t cntinue the activity / ur desire t find ut mre.
43. Pssible Versin 1:
I cultivate my curisity by actively engaging in varius activities that can braden my perspectives and enrich my experiences. Fr example, jining the rbtics club intrduces me t cutting-edge technlgies, which may ignite my passin t explre mre and prepare me fr the future innvatin.
Pssible Versin 2:
I always seek new experiences, whether by traveling t unfamiliar places r explring new tpics thrugh reading. These activities allw me t see the wrld frm fresh perspectives, guiding me t inquire further. Thus, I may becme mre mtivated t explre and gain deeper insights.
第二节（20 分）
Pssible Versin:
Dear Jim,
I’m glad that yu’re interested in the phts frm ur recent creative cultural festival! Here’s
以下是图片中的文字内容：
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mre abut it.
With the theme “Make Traditinal Culture Trendy”, the event has injected vigr int traditinal Chinese culture with mdern elements. In the art center, ppular music was played n traditinal musical instruments by talented students, creating a unique feast fr the ears. At the DIY statin, students designed reusable bags and T-shirts featuring elements f Chinese painting and calligraphy. What impressed me the mst was the VR sectin, where students culd immerse themselves in traditinal custms like the firewrk shw.
This event was bth fun and educatinal. It has deepened my appreciatin fr ur rich cultural heritage and demnstrated hw innvatin culd breathe new life int traditin.
I hpe yu find the festival inspiring, t.
Yurs,
Li Hua