北师大版初中英语九年级全一册知识梳理

这是一份北师大版初中英语九年级全一册知识梳理，共65页。
北师大版初中英语九年级全一册Unit 1 Leaning to Learn一、内容：学会用英语简单描述个人学习英语的困难、方法和征询好的语言学习方法二、重点和难点：1. 情态动词may, might的用法2. 连词if, unless, once的用法3. 连词的用法4. 情态动词表达建议5. 重点词汇和词组三. 具体内容：（一）情态动词may, might的用法May 可以表示没有把握的推测，意思是“可能”，但只能用于肯定句，might表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may小。May 还可以表允许或请求的意思，用might则语气更加委婉，客气。May 主要用于第一人称，而且要比用can正式的多。May I ask you a question?Might I use your eraser for a while?Yes, please.Yes, you may.No, you mustn’t.No, you had better not.No, you can’t.（二）连词if, unless, once 的用法e.g. If that is true, what shouldwe do?Give me a call once you arrive atthe airport.Once I finish my homework, I willcall you.I won’t remember new vocabulary unless I hear them.从属连词：只能用来引导从句，不能引导词或词组。这些从属连词包括：that,when, till, after, before, since, if, because, though, although, so…that, sothat…, as soon as, once…等。从属连词一般可以引导名词性从句和状语从句。1. 引导名词性从句的从属连词：（1）thatHe said (that) he would come.That she is still alive is true.（2）if 是否I wonder if he is at home.（3）whether是否I asked him whether he would come.2. 引导状语从句的从属连词：（1）连接时间状语从句的从属连词：I have lived in this city since I was born.He came to China after the war was over.The war had been over before he came to China.（2）连接地点状语从句的从属连词：Where there is smoke, there is fire.（3）连接让步状语从句的从属连词：Although/Though Japan is small,the population is big.Even if it was snowing heavily,we went on running.（4）连接原因状语从句的从属连词：I do it because I like it.Since you know all about it, tellme please.As you are in poor health, youshould not sit up late.（5）连接目的状语从句的从属连词：He works hard that/so that/ inorder that he may pass the exam.（6）连接条件状语从句的从属连词：If it rains tomorrow, we won’t goon a picnic.He will come unless it rains.Once he comes back, I will let him call you.（7）连接结果状语从句的从属连词：He is so kind that everyone likes him.（三）1. 四个连词词组的使用：（1）either … or … 或者……或者……，不是……就是……这里有两个书包。你可以要红色的，也可以要黑色的。Here are two bags. You can take either the red one or the black one.你可以给我打电话，也可以明天找我面谈。You can either call me or speak to me tomorrow.不是他就是他哥哥认识去那儿的路。Either he or his brother knows the way there（2）both … and … 既……也，两者都汤姆和吉姆都喜欢下棋。Both Tom and Jim like playing chess.那个小男孩在艺术学校既学习音乐也学习舞蹈。The little boy studies both music and dance at the art school.她会唱歌也会跳舞。She can both sing and dance.（3）neither … nor … 既不……也不……他们的表演既没有娱乐性也没有教育性。Their performance was neither entertaining nor educational.他和他的父亲都不打算与警察对话。Neither he nor his father isgoing to talk to the police.我爸爸和哥哥都不帮忙。Neither Dad nor my brother helps.（4）not only … butalso … 不仅……而且……那个三岁的小孩不仅会读书还会写字。The three-year-old child can not only read but also write.昨天李宏扫了地，还倒了垃圾。Yesterday Li Hong not only swept the floor but also took out the trash.不仅那些工人们而且他们的老板都错了。Not only the workers but also their boss was wrong.2. 并列连词的使用：but, or, for, and, so（1）and 表并列She got up and fell down again.（2）but 表转折He is rich but unhappy.（3）or 表选择Which do you prefer, tea orcoffee?（4）for, so表因果He is absent, for he is ill.It’s too dark, so I couldn’t see anything.（四）情态动词表达建议You can listen to a recording of the lesson.You shouldn’t study everything in one night.In this country, you have to drive on the left.I think it might rain later this afternoon.You mustn’t eat or drink inclass.建议：You should know more about yourself.You can read and listen toEnglish a lot to improve your English.You should listen to the teacher carefully in class.其他方法：Why not…Why don’t you…How about …What a bout …Let’s…（五）词组和词汇1. have a hard time doing sth.=have difficulty in doing sth.I have a hard time learning English.2. make sb. adj.It makes me crazy.3. rememberI can’t remember the name of the film.I don’t remember singing the contract.4. forgetI am sorry. I’ve forgotten yourname.5. try to doI tried to open the window but couldn’t.6. a number ofA great number of people go traveling on holidays.7. go overLet’s go over our plan once more.8. concentrate on sth.He should concentrate on his studies.9. communicate with sb.My mother has never communicated with me.10. rather thanWhen I’m going out in theevening, I use my bike rather than the car.11. take chargeI take charge and lead the group.12. think aboutBefore you talk, you need to think it about.13. read throughLet’s read through the text.14. look upI have to look up the new words in the dictionaries.15. be clear aboutI’m not clear about the material.16. find outCan you find out why he hurt his leg.17. at t he end ofGo straight on, you will see the post office at the end of the road.18. receive praise from sb.I need to receive praise from my teachers, so I have confidence in myself.19. practice doing sth.You need to practice speaking English a lot.20. the +比较级， the+ 比较级The harder you work, the better you learn.21. get involved in 卷入，介入，涉及去年这个国家卷入了战争。The country got involved in the war last year我卷入了一些莫名其妙的事情中。I was involved in something Idon’t understand.22. be honest with sb/sth.You should be honest with yourlearning. Unit 2 Life in the Future一. 内容：会使用动词一般将来时描述预测将要发生的事件，未来的生活。明白will,shall 和begoing to 的区分。能够正确使用动词不定式。二. 本周重点：1. 一般将来时2 动词不定式的使用3. 如何表达同意和反对别人的观点。4. 重点内容、词汇和词组。三. 具体内容：（一）一般将来时用法： 1. 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。He will go to New York next year.2. 表示将要反复发生的动作或习惯性动作。We shall have two P.E. lessonsper week this term.结构：1. shall/ will + 动词原形shall 用于第一人称。I shall go to Shanghai aftergraduation.They will go to Shanghai aftergraduation.基本句式：肯定句：主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他Our teacher will have a meetingtomorrow.否定句：主语+shall/will not+动词原形+其他They won’t go swimming thisweekend.疑问句：shall/will +主语+动词原形+其他？Will Tom finish his homework ontime?Yes, he will. /No, he won’t. 2. be going to +动词原形be 随主语的变化而变化。It is going to rain.We are going to swim this weekend.基本句式：肯定句：主语+be going to +动词原形+其他I am going to buy a dictionary this afternoon.否定句：主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他We are not going to stay herelong.疑问句：Be + 主语+going to + 动词原形+其他Is it going to rain tomorrow?Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t. 3. will/shall 和be going to 的区分：1）will 表示说话人认为，希望或假定要发生的事。be going to 表示某事物有迹象要发生。I am sure that the Olympics inBeijing will be very successful.Look at the clouds. It is goingto rain.2）will 表示意图时不指事先考虑的be going to 指事先考虑的Tomorrow we will have an exam, soI am going to review the lessons.3）will 不能用于条件状语从句中，而begoing to 可以。If you are going to join theparty, please do better. 4. there bethere be 句型常用来表示“某处存在某物”。1）there be 句型的基本句式肯定句：there be +主语+其他There is an apple, a banana and some pears in the bag.否定句：there be +not +主语+其他There aren’t many people on thebus.疑问句：be there +主语+其他Are there any students on the playground?Yes, there are. /No, therearen’t.2）there be 句型的时态一般现在时：there +be （am, is, are）+主语+其他There are eight students in theclassroom.一般过去时：there +was/were+ 主语+其他There was a group of young people working on the farm yesterday.一般将来时：there +will + be+主语+其他There will be a strong wind tomorrow.There will not be a strong wind tomorrow.Will there be a strong wind tomorrow？Yes, there will. /No, there won’t. （二）动词不定式：结构：to +动词原形功能：动词不定式在句子中可以充当以下六种句子成份。1. 作主语To learn English well is verydifficult.不定式做主语，往往由it作形式主语，不定式移到句子的后面。It is difficult to learn English well.2. 作表语The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.3. 作宾语I hope to become a teacher after graduation.跟不定式作宾语的常见动词有：agree, want,refuse, offer, promise, choose, decide, determine, fail, ask, hope, expect,wish, learn, afford, intend, demand, manager, prepare begin, start, forget,remember, like ,love, try, need, …另外feel, find,think, consider 等动词后接不定式做宾语，补语是形容词时，常用it做形式宾语，把不定式后移。I find it difficult to learnEnglish.4. 作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语）I wish him to win the game.跟不定式做宾补的常见动词有：advise, wish, prefer, order,teach, get, expect, like, want, ask, encourage, invite, require, tell, help,allow, force还有一些词后面跟不带to的不定式做宾补：see, hear, notice, feel, watch,make, let, have, listen to …He saw them play on the playground.5. 作定语There are a lot of books to read.不定式与其修饰的词之间一般都有动宾关系，如果不定式是个不及物动词，其后应有介词。He is a nice person to work with.There are a lot of books to read.6. 作状语1）表示目的To pass the exam, I must do mybest to study.不定式作目的状语时，否定式必须用inorder not to do， soas not to doLet’s hurry in order not to belate for the class.2）表示结果She lived to see her grandson go to university.3）表示原因I am glad to see you.She was very happy to hear the good news.7. 不定式常与疑问词连用构成短语：Eg: what to do / how to do/ whereto go / when to start/ which to buyDo you know how to use acomputer? （三）如何表达同意和反对（四）重点内容、词汇和词组：（1）However, somethings will stay the same. 但是，有些事情是不变的。stay , 系动词，后面接形容词、名词。e.g. Nothing stays the same for long. 什么都不会一成不变。The lecture is on how to stay healthy.讲座的话题是如何保持健康。类似的动词：look, feel,taste, smell, seem, sounde.g. They looked worried today. 他们今天看起来很着急。The cakes taste good. 蛋糕尝起来很好吃。She felt tired.她感觉累了。Her face turned red when sheheard it.当她听到这时，她的脸变红了。Her voice sounded quite sweet. 她的声音听起来很甜。（2）not… any more=no more不再……（从次数角度……）not…any longer=no longer  不再……（从时间角度……）e.g. She didn’t cry any more. 她不再哭了。They are no longer young. 他们不再年青了。（3）check out 检查、核查check up 核对、检验（第十三册）（4）enough water/food/time/ money 足够的水、食物、时间、钱。enough修饰形容词、副词，后置。e.g. big enough   足够大good enough  足够好well enough 足够好strong enough 足够壮old enough 足够老（5）because of  跟名词或代词because  跟从句（主语+谓语）e.g. She didn’t go to school yesterday because of illness.She didn’t go to school yesterday because she was ill.（6）lead to 通向、引起、导致Too much work and too little rest will lead to illness.工作太多，休息太少会导致疾病。I know a short-cut leading to theparking lot.我知道一条通向停车场的近路。词组1. a popular type of writing 一种流行的文学体裁2. think of 认为3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事want to do sth. 想做某事4. decide to do 决定做某事[来源:学科网]5. encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事6. such as …..例如7. be interested in ….对……感兴趣8. as a result …..结果；由于……结果as aresult ofEg: He was late for school thismorning as a result of the snow. 由于下雪他今早上学迟到了。He worked hard, and as a result,he got promoted quickly. 他工作努力，被提拔得很快。9. come true 成为现实Eg: He said that I would become adoctor and it has come true now.他说我会成为医生，现在这预言成真了。10. make sb. + rich  使某人……富有make sb. do 使某人……做某事Eg: What you are doing will onlymake things worse.你现在所做的只会使情况更糟。It’ll make me so happy if youaccept it.你要是接受了，我会十分高兴。The boss made the workerswork  ten hours a day.老板强迫工人一天工作十小时。11. base on  基于……    以……为基础12. Englishman  Englishwoman FrenchmanEnglishmen  Englishwomen FrenchmenGerman      GermansChinese   Japanese  Viennese13. come / go 常用的动词，也常用来组成词组come（1）come from  来自             （2）come in 进来（3）come back 回来              （4）come down  下来，降落（5）come on  加油               （6）come after  跟随（7）come along  快点             （8）come by 从旁边走过，经过（9）come first  在前面，名列第一  （10）come home  回家（11）come into 进入              （12）come over 过来，来访（13）come across  （偶然）碰到   （14）come out 出来（15）come to 达到，合计          （16）come round 来访，到来（17）come up  上来，走近        （18）come and go 来来往往（19）come at  攻击，袭击go（1）go about  走来走去           （2）go abroad  出国，出门（3）go after 追随，跟随           （4）go against 反对，违背（5）go ahead  前进，进展         （6）go along  沿着，前进（7）go around  四处走动          （8）go back  回去（9）go down 下去，下沉          （10）go easy 仔细一点（11）go for apicnic  去郊游       （12）go fornothing   徒劳（13）go forward  前进，进展      （14）go from….to  从…变成（15）go home  回家              （16）go in  进入（17）go into  走近，加入         （18）go on  继续，（19）go on with  继续，把…进行下去（20）go over 查看，复习，走过去（21）go to bed  上床睡觉           （22）go toschool  上学（23）go up to town 去城里，进城     （24）go wrong 走错路 Unit 3 The Media一. 内容：使用形容词，副词的比较级和最高级句型描述、比较不同事物的特征。形容词，副词的双重比较，使用形容词性和名词性物主代词描述事物的所属关系。二. 重点：1. 形容词，副词的比较级和最高级。2. 形容词，副词的双重比较3. 形容词性和名词性物主代词4. 重点词汇和词组。三. 具体内容：（一）形容词，副词比较级和最高级的构成。（二）比较级用法：1. 同级比较时（a=b），用“as +形容词，副词原级+as”，表示……和……一样This newspaper is as expensive as that one.Today is as cold as yesterday.They have as many things to do as we do.2 . 如果a=b,用not as/so …as , 表示。。。不及。。。。Your bag is not as/so big as his.There is not as/so much rain this year as last year.It is not as/so cold in Nanjing as in Beijing.3. 两个人或事物进行比较，a>b 或a用形容词，副词的比较级+than，表示……比……更……since>as.because 表示必然的因果关系，它引导的从句是整个句子的重心，一般放在主句的后面。回答why引起的特殊疑问句，只能用because回答。Tom didn’t go to school becausehe was ill.since引导的从句表示的是已知事实的理由和一种间接或附带的原因。语气比because弱但比as强。其引导的从句一般位于主句之前。Since it is raining, you’d better take an umbrella with you.as引导的从句表示的是不言而喻，为人所知的，显而易见的原因和理由，其从句一般放在主句前。As it was late, we came backsoon.3. 让步状语从句，常用although, though, no matter how/what/who=（however/whatever/ whoever）, although/though可与yet连用，不能和but连用.Although /Though it was snowing,it was not very cold.=It was snowing, but it was not very cold.= Although /Though it was snowing, yet it was not very cold.No matter what （=Whatever） the weather islike, you can always find surfers out riding the waves.You can’t go in no matter who （=whoever） you are.4. 时间状语从句,常用while,when, as soon as, until, not …until, before, after, since 等引导。1）when和while都译为“当……时”.when的使用范围最广，既可以用于时间点，也可以指一段时间，从句和主句之间的动作或状态可以是同时发生或紧接着发生，也可以是非延续性的。while只能用于表示一段时间，不能指时间点，从句和主句的谓语动词只能表示同时发生，从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的,且多用于进行时。as既可以用于时间点，也可以指一段时间，如果谈论同时发生的事或存在的状况，三者可互换。as还可表示“一边……一边”。My father fell asleep when/while/as I was watching TV.When /As you leave, please take a raincoat with you.He was watching TV while hissister was doing homework.She dances as she sings.2）before /after 意为“在……之前/后”意思相反，从句动作发生在主句动作之前/后。since表示“从……起”，从句一般用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。until在肯定句里“表示到……时为止”，谓语动词是延续性的。在否定句中表示“直到……才”，谓语动词是非延续性的。I went to bed after I finished my homework.I stayed there until he came back.We won’t go to the Great Wall until the rain stops.I haven’t  seen him since he came back.（二）重要词组。1. lay out展开，铺开；设计。布置；花费He laid out the map on the table.How much did you lay out for yournew car?The gardens are beautifully laid out.2. asleep adj.  sleep n. &v.  sleepy adj.fall asleep =be asleepHe had  a good sle ep.Last night he slept very well.I feel very sleepy now.Soon he felt asleep.3. be busy doing sth.be busy with sth.A little tailor was busy sewing in his house.My mother is busy with the housework now.4. bet on sth. 对某事打赌bet against sth.打赌某事不能发生take up a bet同意打赌make a bet with sb.与某人打赌I bet you can’t do that.5. point to 指向point at 表明，暗示,指近处的事物a point of sight视点five point two 5.2a full point句号He pointed to the high mountains far away.The mouse is used for pointing at different parts of a screen. unit 8 keeping safe一. 重点：1、祈使句2、被动语态3、must， mustn’t 和have to 的使用4、重点词组二. 具体内容：（一）祈使句：肯定结构：1. do 型（即：动词原形（＋宾语）＋其他成分）please have a seat here.2. be 型（即：be＋表语＋其他成分）be a good boy!3. let 型（即：let ＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分）let me help you.否定结构：1. do 型和be 型的否定形式都是在句首加don’t构成.don’t forget me!2. let 型的否定形式有两种:don’t ＋ let ＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分let ＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他成分don’t let him go./ let him notgo.3.有些可用 no 开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句.no smoking!no fishing!祈使句的反意疑问句：1、祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，用will you，表示邀请、劝说时，用won’tyouBe sure to write to us,will you?Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you ?2、祈使句为否定句式，反意疑问句用willyou。Don’t smoke in the meeting room,will you?3.let 开头的祈使句在构成反意疑问时，除let’s用shall we外，其他都有will you。Let the boy go first,will you?Let’s take a walk after supper,shall we?（二）被动语态：1. 一般现在时：am/is/are +doneThe book is read by children.2.一般过去时：was/were+done.He was taken to the hospitalyesterday.3、一般将来时：will be+done/begoing to be+doneThe strawberry will be frozen inthree hours.Dinner is going to be cooked at 6 o’clock.4. 情态动词+be+ donethe meat should be kept in afridge.注意：1、带双宾语的主动句子变为被动语态时只能将一个宾语变为主语。We are taught English by her.English is taught to us by her.The coat was bought for me.2、主动语态不带to的不定式变被动语态要还原to.The boss made him work over 12 hours a day.He was made to work over 12 hours a day.3、短语动词用于被动语态应作为一个整体，不能分开。The meeting has been put off.（三）语法要点：have to和must的区别have to 的用法have to 常表示因客观需要（由于外界因素的限制被迫）必须做某事，有“必须，不得不”的意思.1. have to 有时态，人称和数的变化.Mary had to go to school with her teacher yesterday.2. have to 的否定形式是don’thave to，译为“不必”.You don’t have to go shopping now.must的用法情态动词must是表示人的主观看法. 有“必须，应当”的意思.1. must 没有时态，人称和数的变化.2. must 的否定形式是mustnot，表示“不可，不许”的意思.You mustn’t waste your time.3. must 还可表示说话人对事物的肯定推断，含有“一定，准是”的意思.Mr. Yin must be over forty now. （四）语言点：1.keep away from 远离Mother told him to keep away from drugs.妈妈让他远离毒品。2.short-cut 捷径Don’t take short-cut through empty buildings or parking lots.不要从空旷的大楼或停车场那里抄近路。3. avoid doing… 避免做……they all avoid mentioning that name.他们都在避免提到那个名字。4.knock dowm 撞到，击倒Jim knocked dowm a little girl when he was running in the street.吉姆在街上跑时撞倒了一个小女孩。5. on the right-hand side of  在（靠）……右手边In China, cars must be driven on the right-hand side of the road.在中国，汽车必须靠右行驶.6. play with  玩，玩耍Children shouldn’t play with knives.小孩子不应该玩刀.7. as quickly as  尽快Telephone the police as quickly as possible when you see a traffic accident.遇到交通事故时，要尽快给警察打电话.8.   not … until  直到……才We didn’t go to sleep until mother came back last night.昨晚，我们直到妈妈回来才去睡觉.9. as well as 也，又Workers as well as farmers are working hard for the country.工人和农民都在为国家辛勤工作.10. take a bath 洗澡I take a bath every day.我每天都洗澡.11. be likely to  可能The train is likely to be late.这趟火车很可能晚点.12. hit someone (in, on…)   打在某人……He hit me in the stomach.他一拳打在我的肚子上.Should we hit the person on the back?我们是不是应当拍打此人的背部呢？词组/短语Part  11. on the right-hand side of               15. be likely to do2. block the hallways                    16. get older3. at least                             17. have anaccident4. first aid kit                          18. far away5. be allowed to do                      19. take drugs6. play with                           20. avoid doing7. at anytime                           21. in case of8. keep clam                          22. as quickly aspossible9. not until                            23. wait for10. take a bath                          24. get hurt11. hit sb. on the back                    25. lose control12. in fact                             26. happen to do13. in daily life                         27. as well as14. get a head injury                     28. follow/obey the rulesPart   21.encourage sb.to do                2.stand for3.be based on                     4.according to5. 参加                          6. do a survey7.take short-cuts                   8.即使9. in hospital                     10. keep safe11.pick sb up                     12.send to13. knock dowm                 14.all the wayagreementdisagreement1. You’re right.1.I don’t agree.2. That’s true.2. I don’t think so.3. I agree.3. I’m not sure about that.4. Yes, I think so, too.4. Of course not.5. That’s true…..5. I think you are wrong.我的你的他（她，它）的我们的你们的他们的形容词性物主代词myyourhis her itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshis hers itsoursyourstheirs陈述句反意疑问句Let’sshall we?Let us[来源:学科网]will you?Let meall right/Let’s not其他祈使句will you关系代词作用先行词例句that, who whom(只做宾语)主语、宾语、表语人Do you know the girl who/that is standing  under a tree?你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗？ that, which主语、宾语、表语物、时间、地点、原因She got a computer which/that her parents  bought for her.她有一台父母买给她的电脑。whose定语人The boy whose father is a doctor studies  very hard.他爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。关系副词作用先行词    例句whose定语物The classroom whose window is open is  mine.窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。when状语时间I still remember the day when you leave  for Beijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。where状语地点This is the school where my mother works.  这就是我妈妈工作的学校。