第11讲 主谓一致（讲义）-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲义（全国通用）

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中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。
►第11讲 主谓一致（讲义）
【复习目标】
1.掌握主谓一致的原则
2.掌握主谓一致的应用
【考情分析】
主谓一致题型命题规律
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》对主谓一致仅要求理解。近3年，主谓一致在中考英语试题主要集中在用动词适当形式填空、句型转换、汉译英、单项选择、完形填空及其它类型的填空题中都出现主谓搭配的试题，解答任务型阅读以及书面表达题型时，学生就必须考虑主谓一致。因此，考生必须掌握主谓一致。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。近几年，主谓一致与时态、语态综合考查成为命题的方向。

【网络构建】
考向一主谓一致的原则
语法一致原则
主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。
He is a famus singer.
The bys wh are playing the guitar are my cusins.
Life is full f the unexpected.
A sad mvie makes me cry.
Their mther cks breakfast fr them every mrning.
意义一致原则
以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句；由and或连接的并列主语；主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、wh等。
The class is mre than fifty students.（class指班级）
Generally speaking, the disable need mre help.
Smene is kncking at the dr.
就近原则
谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由r, , , nt als...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。
There is an apple and tw pears n the table.
There are tw pears and an apple n the table.
考向二 主谓一致的应用
谓语动词用单数
不可数名词作主语时
Water is very imprtant fr humans.
Knwledge is pwer.
Happiness lies first f all in health.
表示时间、金钱、距离、长度等名词复数和数词作主语时
Eight hurs f sleep is enugh .
Thirty minutes was given t prepare fr the lessn.
Ten kilmeters is a lng distance.
主语为each, either, neither或由each, either, neither, every, n所修饰时
Each f the students has a dictinary.
Either is gd enugh fr me.
Neither f the bks is useful t him.
N man is brn wise.
主语为any, sme, every, n所构成的复合不定代词时
Anyne wh arrives here first will get a present.
I think that smething interesting is ging t happen.
Everybdy deserves a chance.
Nthing is mre imprtant than health.
主语为little, much或被much修饰时
Very little has been dne abut it.
Much f the time was wasted.
Much water is needed in this place.
主语为“many a/mre than ne+单数名词”和“ne and a half+名词复数”时
Many a visitr has been t the Great Wall.
Mre than ne chair is in the rm.
One and a half bananas is eaten by the little girl.
“ne f/ the number f+名词复数”做主语时
One f these ntebks is mine.
The number f the members in the swimming club is 50.
学科、国家、书籍、机构、报刊等名词作主语时
Physics is nt his strng pint.
China is a develping cuntry.
Treasure Island is the mst interesting bk I’ve read.
The United Natins was frmed in 1945.
谓语动词用复数
主语为bth, few, a few, many, several或由其所修饰时
Bth f my sisters are teachers.
A few vegetables were left.
Several f the grapes are bad.
“the+形容词”表示一类人（如：the deaf, the blind, the ld, the yung, the rich, the pr等）作主语时
The yung are full f energy.
“the+姓氏的复数形式”作主语时
The Smiths were watching TV this time last night.
山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时
The Olympic Games are held nce every fur years.
The Rcky muntains stand in the west f the nrth America.
只有复数概念的集体名词（peple, plice, cattle等）作主语时
These peple vlunteer t clean the park n weekends.
Plice are hunting the criminal.
谓语动词的形式视情况而定
主语为某些集体名词（如：family, class, team, army, club, public, audience等）时
看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数
His family has mved int the new huse.
The public was cnvinced f his inncence.
There was a big audience at the evening party.
看作其中的成员，谓语动词用复数
The class are busy cleaning the classrm.
The audience were deeply mved by the plt.
My family are waiting fr me.
主语为all, any, sme, mst, enugh,half或由其所修饰时
主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数
All f the players want t win the game.
I dn’t think any f my friends are interested in this mvie.
Sme f the wmen have lng curly black hair.
主语表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数
All f the wrk has been finished.
Mst f the fd tastes delicius.
Half f the land is cvered by grass.
主语为“the rest f、the last f、 lts f、plenty f、分数/百分数+f+名词”的结构时，谓语动词的形式与f后的名词的单复数决定
The rest f the fd is eaten by him.
The rest f the students are staying at the classrm.
Tw thirds f the members are girls.
Mre than fifty percent f the land was cvered by snw.
主语为nne时
表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数
She tried ten hats, but nne were suited her.
Nne have arrived here yet.
表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数
We need t buy sme milk, because nne is left.
Nne is as tall as Tm.
一些由两个对应部分组成的可数名词复数，如：trusers, shrts, glasses, pants,scissrs等作主语时
前面若无a pair f, a set f, series f等这类的单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用 复数形式；
My glasses are brken.
His trusers have wrn ut.
The scissrs aren’t sharp.
若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
A pair f pants is n his bed.
Three pairs f trusers are enugh.
and连接并列主语时
并列主语表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数
Lily and Grace are gd friends.
A singer and an actr were having dinner in my restaurant yesterday.
并列主语表示同一个人、同一概念、同一事或同一物时，谓语动词用单数
A wrker and engineer was giving a lecture frm 2 p.m. t 4 p.m. yesterday afternn.
The singer and dancer is ppular amng the yung peple.
Bread and butter is his favrite fd.
“there be”句型中谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。
There is a bank and tw shps n this rad.
There are tw shps and a bank n this rad.
由r, , , nt als...连接的并列主语，谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。
Either he r I am ging t attend the meeting n Friday.
Either I r he is ging t attend the meeting n Friday.
主语后跟介词alng with, besides, tgether with, with等引导的短语，或者跟连接词as well as, ther than, rather than等连接的短语时，其谓语动词与这些短语前边的主语保持一致
My mther tgether with my brthers has seen the film.
I as well as my sister am gd at English.
His brther, rather than his parents is fnd f the cuntry music.
非谓语动词作主语
单独的不定式、V-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数
Listening t music is a way t relax myself.
T save the endangered animals is what we need t d.
如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表示同一概念，谓语动词用单数；如果表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数
T g t bed early and t get up early is a gd habit.
T wrk and t live are tw different things but they are always tgether.
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词保持一致。
先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数
I want t knw the man wh is singing in the music rm.
The pens which are n the desk belng t Alice.
“ne f+可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数；“the nly/very/ right ne f+”可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用单数
Jack is ne f the musicians wh were awarded.
Jack is the nly ne f the musicians wh was awarded.
一、单项选择
1．（2023·吉林长春·校联考模拟预测）There ________ a ntice n the wall. It says we will g camping tmrrw.
A．isB．areC．wasD．were
2．（2023·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）There ________ a cncert next week.
A．is ging t beB．are ging t beC．is ging t haveD．is ging t has
3．（2023·甘肃陇南·统考一模）Nt nly my parents but als I ________ interested in the CCTV shw Cheers Science.
A．amB．isC．areD．were
4．（2023·湖南湘西·统考二模）Nt nly yu but als he ________ playing sccer.
A．t likeB．likeC．likes
5．（2023·湖北孝感·统考三模）Outdr activities can ________ make kids strnger ________ help them get mre knwledge.
A．either…rB．nt nly…but alsC．neither…nrD．nt…but
6．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州杨桥中学校考三模）I’m lking fr a baby-sitter. She must be________ t ld________ t yung.
A．bth; andB．neither; nrC．either; r
7．（2023·福建三明·统考二模）—Mm, can I have the white dress and the red skirt?
—Srry, dear. They cst t much, but yu can chse ________ the dress ________ the skirt.
A．bth; andB．either; rC．neither; nr
8．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第十七中学校校考三模）Neither Jim nr his teacher and I ________ satisfied ________ Jim’s result f the exam.
A．am; withB．are; withC．am; abut
9．（2023·四川自贡·校考一模）—Tny, I called yu but yu didn’t answer.
—Oh, srry. I tgether with my cusins ________ watching a mvie in the cinema.
A．wereB．wasC．is
10．（2023·吉林四平·校联考三模）—Jhn, as well as his parents, ________ fishing every Saturday.
—With “Duble Reductin” plicy (“双减”政策) carried ut, students have mre time t take part in after-schl activities.
A．is gingB．gC．ges
11．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考三模）Sue with her parents ften ________ hills n Sundays.
A．climbB．climbsC．climbed
12．（2023·江苏扬州·统考三模）_______ are crazy abut listening t pp music in their spare time．
A．Bill as well as his friendsB．Neither Victr nr Tm
C．Nt nly Tim but als the twinsD．Either Anita r Jack
13．（2022·江苏常州·统考一模）This English bk, tgether with its listening material, ________ well.
A．sellsB．is sldC．sellD．are sld
14．（2023·广西南宁·南宁十四中校考一模）Mr. Wang as well as his wife ________ planning t g t Beijing fr a hliday next mnth.
A．areB．isC．was
15．（2022下·上海浦东新·九年级上海市进才中学校考期中）Lucy as well as her parents _________ supper at hme yesterday when the telephne _________.
A．were having; was ringingB．were having; rang
C．was having; rangD．had; was ringing
16．（2022·黑龙江鸡西·校考一模）—The man with his dgs ften ________ ut in the park in the evening.
—The dgs are very big and strng.
A．gesB．gingC．t g
17．（2023·湖北恩施·统考二模）—Hw much _______ this pair f shes?
—Sixty dllars _______ enugh.
A．is; isB．are; isC．are; are
18．（2022·河北保定·统考一模）Ten mnths __________ a lng time, but it’s enugh fr us t build the bridge.
A．isB．isn’tC．areD．aren’t
19．（2022·四川达州·统考一模）________ weeks ________ enugh.
A．The third; areB．The third; wereC．Three; areD．Three; was
20．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）Tw thirds f the ppulatin in that faraway village ________ farmers.
A．areB．isC．haveD．has
21．（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）________ bks in ur library ________ abut 20,000.
A．The number f; areB．A number f; isC．The number f; is
22．（2023·吉林长春·长春市解放大路学校校考模拟预测）—Hw many students are there in ne classrm in the USA?
—The number f them ________ abut twenty.
A．isB．areC．amD．be
23．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）— What shall we d t stay in shape, Lucy?
— Bth jgging and swimming ________ gd chices.
A．isB．amC．are
24．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）________ f the students in ur class ________ ging t the summer camp in Xiamen next week.
A．Tw fifths; isB．Secnd fifths; areC．Tw fifths; are
25．（2023·甘肃武威·统考模拟预测）Between the tw buildings ________ a schl.
A．hasB．haveC．standsD．stand
26．（2023·甘肃定西·校考模拟预测）The number f peple invited ________ fifty, but a number f them ________ absent fr different reasns.
A．was; wereB．was; wasC．were; wasD．were; were
27．（2023·甘肃定西·统考三模）In this club, a number f basketball players ________ frm the US. The number f them ________ 30.
A．is; areB．are; isC．cmes; areD．cme; are
28．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·内蒙古师范大学附属学校校考二模）The survey n the children ________ that mre than five sixths f them ________ interested in science bks because they seems a little bring.
A．shw; isB．shws; areC．shws; isD．shw; are
29．（2023·江苏徐州·校考二模）The survey shws that ________ f the students ________ reading English nvels.
A．tw-third; isB．tw-three; areC．tw-thirds; isD．tw-thirds; are
30．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考一模）The number f teachers in ur schl ________ greatly increased last term. A number f teachers in this schl ________ frm the cuntryside.
A．was；isB．was；areC．were；are
二、用所给单词适当形式填空
31．（2023·甘肃陇南·统考三模）The number f visitrs t the museum every day (be) mre than 5,000.
32．（2023·甘肃临夏·统考模拟预测）Nt nly my parents but als I (be) ging t stay at hme this weekend.
33．（2023·甘肃定西·统考二模）My teacher always says that English (be) a helpful subject.
34．（2023·黑龙江·统考二模）Three quarters f the earth’s surface (be) cvered by water.
35．（2023·内蒙古包头·包头市第三十五中学校考三模）The plan made by my classmates last week (be) different frm mine.
三、完成句子
36．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆南开中学校考二模）学无坦途。(完成译句)
n smth rad t leaning fr us.
37．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆八中校考三模）看！有人正在校门口等你呢。（完成译句）
Lk! There smene fr yu at the schl gate.
38．（2023·内蒙古通辽·统考一模）早餐我一般不是吃蛋糕就是吃面包。
I usually eat cakes bread fr breakfast.
39．（2023·甘肃平凉·校考三模）In winter it ften (下雪) in the nrth f China.
40．（2023·甘肃平凉·校考三模）Jim desn’t like playing the pian, and Jack desn’t, either.（改为同义句）
Jim Jack likes playing the pian.
一、单项选择
1．（2023·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）There ________ a Mia Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the suthwest f China next weekend.
A．isB．will haveC．will be
2．（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）The number f students in this schl ________ five hundred, and abut ________ f them like creative English hmewrk.
A．is; three fifthB．is; three fifthsC．are; three fifthD．are; three fifths
3．（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）Nt nly Jim but als his sister ________ a few cities since they came t China.
A．have visitedB．has visitedC．visitedD．visits
4．（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）There ________ a clear lake in my city.
A．beB．amC．isD．are
5．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）The number f the students in ur class ________ fifty-fur.
A．beB．isC．areD．am
6．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）There ________ a sign n the wall. It says yu mustn’t smke here.
A．isB．areC．wasD．were
7．（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Next year, _______ a new rad leading t the village.
A．there isB．there areC．there will beD．there was
8．（2022·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）There ________ nly ne earth but billins f (数十亿) peple in the wrld, s we shuld prtect the earth.
A．haveB．isC．are
9．（2022·辽宁大连·统考中考真题）Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting in ur schl.
A．isB．areC．wasD．were
10．（2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题）— As far as I knw, there _____ a high-speed train frm Yulin t Shenzhen in 2023.
— Yeah! It will be mre cnvenient fr the peple in Yulin.
A．will beB．hasC．isD．will have
11．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—There will be ________ tmrrw. We can’t eat ut.
—Well, we have t stay at hme.
A．rainyB．rainC．raining
12．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）Everyne ________ here. Let’s g.
A．amB．areC．is
13．（2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）— The sng Tgether fr a Shared Future is very ppular nw.
— That’s fr sure! Bth the yung and the ld ________ it.
A．likesB．likeC．liked
14．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）—There ________ a talk by Zhng Nanshan in ur schl tmrrw afternn.
—Great! We can’t wait!
A．isB．wasC．will beD．will have
15．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）With the intrductin f the “duble reductin” plicy (双减政策), ne f the ________ ________ that the students have less hmewrk.
A．changes; isB．change; isC．changes; are
16．（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）In ur schl library, there _________ a number f bks n art. The number f the bks _________ still grwing larger and larger.
A．is; isB．are; isC．is; areD．are; are
17．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Using public chpsticks ______ necessary when eating with thers.
—That’s right.
A．isB．areC．wasD．were
18．（2022·贵州毕节·统考中考真题）Neither Saturday nr Sunday________ OK because I will be quite busy these tw days.
A．areB．isC．amD．be
19．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）A lt f birds ________ in nature parks every year.
A．prtectB．is prtectedC．are prtectedD．prtected
20．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）We hpe ________ a cmputer n every student’s desk in the future.
A．there isB．there wasC．there will beD．there has been
目录
一
复习目标
掌握目标及备考方向
二
考情分析
2023年中考主谓一致考情分析
三
网络构建
知识点头脑风暴
四
名词考向
1.主谓一致的原则
2.主谓一致的应用
3.提升必考题型归纳
五
真题感悟
主谓一致经典考题