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    专题10 语篇类型-议论文阅读-阅读问答题-2025年中考英语一轮复习阅读理解精讲精练(通用版)

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    专题10 语篇类型-议论文阅读-阅读问答题-2025年中考英语一轮复习阅读理解精讲精练(通用版)

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    这是一份专题10 语篇类型-议论文阅读-阅读问答题-2025年中考英语一轮复习阅读理解精讲精练(通用版),文件包含10语篇类型-议论文阅读原卷版docx、10语篇类型-议论文阅读解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共39页, 欢迎下载使用。

    (2024·河北·中考真题)At an early age, we start learning hw t manage mney by watching ur parents’ spending habits. Dn’t wrry if we haven’t learned well hw t save r spend mney. The fllwing life lessns abut mney can help us frm gd spending habits.
    Mney desn’t grw n trees. As kids, we dn’t ften think abut where mney cmes frm. We need t knw that ur parents wrk hard t make mney, and that it may be used up ne day. Ging t their wrkplaces t watch hw they wrk is a great way t understand mney is nt that easy t make.
    We shuldn’t spend all ur mney in ne g. It’s imprtant fr us t have a budget (预算) . In ther wrds, we need t think abut hw much mney we have and what we really want t spend it n. Realizing that ur pcket mney can’t cver everything we want, we shuld make smart spending chices.
    We shuld set a clear gal and watch ur mney grw. If we wish t wn a new bicycle but can’t affrd it, we can save ur pcket mney. Hw? Write dwn hw much mney we have in a ntebk and watch it grw. After we have enugh, we can buy that wnderful bicycle we’ve dreamed abut! Reaching ur gal will greatly satiate us.
    We can talk with ur parents abut hw mney is used and where mney ges. D yu knw what a bank accunt (账户) is? If nt, cmmunicate with ur parents. We can als g t the supermarket with ur parents t experience hw mney is spent in the real wrld.
    Withut dubt, we shuld treat mney in a right way. Actually, learning abut mney isn’t a hard jb. Frm these lessns, we can get a sense f mney management and right mney values step by step!
    1. Where des mney cme frm accrding t the text?
    A. Parents’ hard wrk.B. Kids’ life lessns.
    C. Gd spending habits.D. The bank accunt.
    2. What des the writer want kids t d by giving the example f buying a bicycle?
    A. Buy a wnderful ntebk.B. Make a free spending chice.
    C. Set a gal f saving mney.D. Have an experience f shpping.
    3. What des the underlined wrd “satiate” mean in Paragraph 4?
    A. Relax.B. Interest.C. Surprise.D. Satisfy.
    4. Which f the fllwing will the writer prbably agree with?
    A. Adults can make mney grw mre.
    B. Kids shuld have a mney spending plan.
    C. Parents may give kids lts f pcket mney.
    D. Supermarkets will be places t change mney.
    5. What is the best title fr the text?
    A. Causes f Spending MneyB. Ways f Managing Mney
    C. Purpses f Treating MneyD. Cnditins f Saving Mney
    【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文,介绍了关于金钱管理的一些生活经验和建议,强调了金钱的来之不易,需要合理规划和使用,以及设定目标进行储蓄等观点。
    1. 细节理解题。根据“We need t knw that ur parents wrk hard t make mney”可知,金钱来自于父母的辛勤工作。故选A。
    2. 推理判断题。根据“If we wish t wn a new bicycle but can’t affrd it, we can save ur pcket mney.”可知,如果我们想拥有一辆新自行车,但买不起,我们可以省下零花钱,作者希望孩子们通过购买自行车的例子设定一个储蓄的目标。故选C。
    3. 词句猜测题。根据“After we have enugh, we can buy that wnderful bicycle we’ve dreamed abut!”可知,划线部分单词意为“满足”,与Satisfy意思相近。故选D。
    4. 细节理解题。根据“We shuldn’t spend all ur mney in ne g. It’s imprtant fr us t have a budget (预算) .”可知,我们不应该一次花光所有的钱,预算对我们来说很重要。因此作者认为孩子们应该有一个花钱的计划。故选B。
    5. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了我们应该如何理解和管理金钱,以及如何形成良好的消费习惯,所以最佳标题应该是“管理金钱的方式”。故选B。
    知识积累
    一、类型概览
    议论文往往有观点,有事实,逻辑性强,命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手,考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力,或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样,可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。
    议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心,是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立场;是文章要表达的主要思想;找准论点有助干把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵。论据是作者所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料,这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证,或是统计数据等,理清论据材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义。
    论证方法多种多样,常见的有:(1)归纳法,即从分析个别事例入手,找出事物的共同特点,从而得出结论;(2)演绎法,即从一般原理出发,对个别事物进行说明、分析后得出结论;(3)比较对照法,即对所有事实、方面进行对照,找出异同之处,然后加以分析,得出结论;(4)驳论法,即先列出错误的观点,然后加以逐条批驳,反证自己观点的正确性。
    二、突破技巧
    1重视文章标题,找准全文主题句,把握文章主旨
    标题往往是全文的主题,审视标题,有利于理解全文,提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么,也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难,但其框架一般都很清晰,多采用总—分—总的结构,交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常,先总说现象或观点;其次,正面陈述、反面论证;最后作者表明自己的态度,再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末,在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇,也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。
    2.细读文章,注意文章细节理解
    除主旨题外,细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题,它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序),图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形),正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型,无论细节题如何变化形式,立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚,但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法,即先看试题,再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比,有根据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维,题中含有nt或except等表示否定意义的词,则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性,提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。
    3.理解整体语篇,掌握作者意图
    做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时,对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,站在作者的视角,而不是主观臆断、凭空想象,从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句,段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接,承上启下,使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章,必须对文章的结构有所了解,把握全篇的文脉,即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定:读者知道什么,不知道什么,读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等,然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的"潜台词"。因此,这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测,揣摩文字背后作者的意图,运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义,从而正确理解作者的言外之意,同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。
    4.多读多背,扩大词汇量,掌握猜词技巧
    由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛,体裁多样,经常出现一词多义,甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大,有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题,一是要扩大英语词汇量,二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法,如:利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系;利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系;利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法;利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构;利用前后对比或因果推理法等。
    总之,想要提高阅读能力,尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读,学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法,优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略,提高学生自主学习的能力。
    三、语篇结构
    突破练习
    1
    (2024·浙江金华·三模)① “Practice makes perfect” is a very ppular expressin. But can we take this saying literally?
    ②One ppular view is that if a persn practises fr at least 10, 000 hurs, he will reach “perfectin”, r in ther wrds, becme an expert in a field. It was given by Malclm Gladwell in his best-selling bk, Outliers: The Stry f Success. He gave the examples f the music grup The Beatles and Micrsft c-creatr Bill Gates, wh clearly put in ver 10, 000 hurs f practice befre they became successful.
    ③Hwever, Gladwell’s bk has been said by many t be t simplistic and generalizing (概括). Anders Ericssn argued that 10, 000 hurs was just an average figure. Sme peple may need fewer than 10, 000 hurs and thers may need mre. He als said that practising a lt was nt enugh, the type and quality f practice als made a difference. Mst imprtantly, he mentined the imprtance f “deliberate (刻意) practice”. When a persn practises a specific part f a skill in depth rather than as a whle, it’ll be much mre effective, thugh it’s tiring.
    ④ Many ther studies argue that practice alne is far frm enugh. In fact, a mre recent study frm Princetn University stated that practice nly accunted fr up t 26% f reaching an expert level. Many ther factrs (因素) such as IQ, persnality, attitude, and starting age can als cunted. Natural talent is an imprtant factr, especially in sprts. Fr instance, many baseball players in America with amazing visin can see the ball much sner than thers d. Success als depends n scial factrs, envirnmental factrs, and even just being in the right place at the right time!
    ⑤ In cnclusin, practice may nt make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shwn t lead us t imprvement.
    1. What des the underlined wrd “it” in Para. 2 refer t (指代)?
    A. The view.B. The wrd.C. The bk.D. The field.
    2. What is Anders Ericssn’s attitude (态度) t Gladwell’s view n practice?
    A. Amazed.B. Wrried.C. Hpeful.D. Dubtful.
    3. Which f the fllwing is especially imprtant in sprts accrding t Princetn University’s study?
    A. IQ.B. Persnality.C. Natural talent.D. Starting age.
    4. Which f the fllwing will the authr mst prbably agree with?
    A. Practice makes better.B. Rme was nt built in a day.
    C. Every man has his price.D. A gd beginning is half dne.
    【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文,主要讨论了“熟能生巧”的观点。
    1. 代词指代题。根据“One ppular view is that if a persn practises fr at least 10, 000 hurs, he will reach “perfectin”, r in ther wrds, becme an expert in a field. It was given by Malclm Gladwell”可知,如果一个人练习至少1万个小时,他将达到“完美”,这是Malclm Gladwell的一种观点,因此“it”指代“The view.”。故选A。
    2. 推理判断题。根据“Anders Ericssn argued that 10, 000 hurs was just an average figure. Sme peple may need fewer than 10, 000 hurs and thers may need mre. He als said that practising a lt was nt enugh, the type and quality f practice als made a difference.”可推知,Anders Ericssn对Gladwell的观点表示怀疑。故选D。
    3. 细节理解题。根据“Natural talent is an imprtant factr, especially in sprts.”可知,普林斯顿大学的研究表明天赋在体育运动中特别重要。故选C。
    4. 推理判断题。根据“ In cnclusin, practice may nt make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shwn t lead us t imprvement.”可知,作者认为:练习不一定能达到完美,但是刻意的练习已经被证明能让我们进步。故可推知,作者可能会同意选项A的表述。故选A。
    2
    (2024·贵州黔东南·二模)
    One mrning, I gt up early and decided t make an apple pie fr my mm. I called my grandma fr help, fllwed a TV prgram t make jam and waited excitedly. I enjyed every step s much that I didn’t ntice three hurs had passed by. Althugh the pie lked terrible and was nt that delicius, Mm ate it up and tld me it was the best pie that she had ever had. Fr the first time, I realized that althugh I didn’t make the pie successfully, I really enjyed the prcess.
    The prcess is imprtant because it brings us smething bigger than the result itself. That is, we always have new experiences during the prcess, which may help us imprve ur skills r frm gd relatinships with thers. If we just fcus n the result and d nt enjy the prcess, we will be mre likely t feel disappinted and want t give up. As a result, we will never understand the real meaning f success.
    But in this busy wrld, we see a lt f successful peple are in cmpetitin. Hw can we enjy the prcess? Well, the questin has the answer in itself.
    Dn’t always cmpare yurself with thers. First f all, we are all different. And success means different things t us. Fr sme, success means being famus, while fr thers, it may be health r pwer. Ride yur wn ride.
    Slw dwn. Yu need t stp expecting immediate results in what yu d and learn t be patient. Impatience leads t unhappiness. D it slwly, but never stp.
    Reward (奖励) yurself. Divide the prcess int small steps, and give yurself a reward after cmpleting each f them. Rewarding yurself fr small wins can g a lng way. Fr example, if yu are in the prcess f lsing weight, enjy yur favrite cake nce in a while.
    1. Hw des the writer start the article?
    A. By giving an example.B. By cmparing facts.C. By using ld sayings.
    2. What can we infer frm Paragraph 1?
    A. The writer’s mm was pleased with the pie the writer made thugh it wasn’t delicius.
    B. The writer thught the prcess f making the apple pie was bring.
    C. The writer felt srry that the pie lked terrible and wasn’t delicius.
    3. What des the wrd “it” in Paragraph 4 refer t?
    A. Prcess.B. Success.C. Award.
    4. Which culd be the best title fr the text?
    A. Enjy the PrcessB. What Des Success Mean t Us?C. Never Give Up
    【答案与解析】本文主要讲述作者通过给母亲做苹果派的经历总结出,注重做事的过程比只注重结果能带给我们更多的东西。
    1. 推理判断题。根据“One mrning, I gt up early and decided t make an apple pie fr my mm”可知本文是通过自己给母亲做苹果派的例子引出话题。故选A。
    2. 推理判断题。根据“Althugh the pie lked terrible and was nt that delicius, Mm ate it up and tld me it was the best pie that she had ever had”可以推断出作者的妈妈对苹果派很满意。故选A。
    11. 词义猜测题。根据“Fr sme, success means being famus, while fr thers, it may be health r pwer”可知对有些人来说,成功意味着出名,而对另一些人来说,这可能是健康或权力,故it指代“成功”。故选B。
    12. 最佳标题题。本文主要讲述作者通过给母亲做苹果派的经历总结出,注重做事的过程比只注重结果能带给我们更多的东西,以选项A“享受过程”为标题最合适。故选A。
    3
    (2023·陕西西安·模拟预测)When I was a little kid, ne f my favrite things t d was ging t the z. I have recently heard that there are debates (辩论) abut whether elephants shuld live in zs r nt. My idea is that elephants shuld live in zs fr peple t see.
    Many experts say that elephants have a gd life living in zs. There are 78 zs that exhibit (展览) elephants. Mst zs are trying t make living cnditins better fr the elephants. They are ding things such as replacing (替代) hard flrs with sand r dirt. This makes it easier fr them t walk arund. Zs are als making their elephant huse larger t give the large animals mre rm t g arund.
    Zs als prtect endangered animals. Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, in 2014 the ttal ppulatin f African elephants was arund 700, 000 and the Asian elephant ppulatin was abut 32, 000. S, the Asian elephants are in danger f dying ut. Withut zs, they are all likely t disappear within ur lifetime. The Natinal Z plans t spend millins f dllars n a new Asian elephant habitats (栖息地). That way, they can start their wn grups.
    Sme peple want zs t cancel all f their elephant displays. Natinal Z directr Jhn Berry says that visitrs are allwed t feed and watch elephants clsely. This encurages peple t care abut endangered animals. Once while I was visiting the z n a ht day, Big Ben, the largest elephant n display, walked up t me and gently squirted (喷) my face with water frm his trunk. Everyne was amazed at what he did. That was a very nice thing fr Big Ben t d. I’m sure that elephants are the nicest animals n earth.
    I feel zs shuld fllw all the necessary steps t keep elephants in zs. I wuld raise mney at my schl if I thught it wuld help t keep elephants in zs.
    1. Accrding t the passage, what d we knw abut the Asian elephants?
    A. They are living in a new habitat.
    B. They are at the risk f disappearing.
    C. They prefer walking arund n hard flrs.
    D. They ften squirt peple’s face with water.
    2. The underlined wrd displays in Paragraph 4 means __________.
    A. prductsB. tradesC. habitatsD. shws
    3. What is the writer’s attitude twards keeping elephants in the zs?
    A. Wrried.B. Angry.C. Supprtive.D. Dubtful.
    4. What is the structure f the passage? (① = Paragraph 1)
    A. ①②→③④→⑤B. ①②③→④→⑤
    C. ①→②③④→⑤D. ①→②③→④⑤
    【答案与解析】本文主要写了关于大象是应该住在动物园里还是应该自由地四处游荡,存在争论。作者的立场是大象应该住在动物园里让人们看。
    1. 细节理解题。根据“Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, in 2014 the ttal ppulatin f African elephants was arund 700, 000 and the Asian elephant ppulatin was abut 32, 000. S, the Asian elephants are in danger f dying ut.”可知,亚洲象处于消失的风险中,故选B。
    2. 词义猜测题。根据“Sme peple want zs t cancel all f their elephant displays. Natinal Z directr Jhn Berry says that visitrs are allwed t feed and watch elephants clsely.”可知,一些人希望动物园取消所有的大象展览。国家动物园园长约翰·贝里说,游客可以近距离地喂食和观察大象。所以D选项“展览”符合句意,故选D。
    3. 观点态度题。根据“My idea is that elephants shuld live in zs fr peple t see.”和“I feel zs shuld fllw all the necessary steps t keep elephants in zs. I wuld raise mney at my schl if I thught it wuld help t keep elephants in zs.”可知,作者支持在动物园里饲养大象,故选C。
    4. 篇章结构题。根据文章的内容,第一段作者提出了主题,第二段、第三段和第四段作者提供了支持主题的论据,第五段作者提出了结论,因此文章的结构是①→②③④→⑤。故选C。
    4
    (2024·江苏扬州·二模)Persnally, there is nthing I lve mre than asking “stupid” questins, especially the nes that have n right answers. I remember nce asking sme kids what time it was, at hme, in Singapre, and finally n the Mn. After a lng silence, finally a shy girl ventured (试探地说) t say that it was “every time” fllwed by an energetic Einstein wh shuted it was “n time”. Bth kids shared that week’s Nble Prize because n humans live in that faraway wrld and time is created by humans.
    As a matter f fact, we are all gd at asking questins by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used t the wrld arund us and take things fr granted. We became mre results-riented (注重结果的) and cncentrate ur effrts n success. If smething is wrking, dn’t fix it r wrry abut the cause; just relax and g with the flw. Cmmn belief may wrk well, but that des nt mean it is always right. Thrughut histry, it has been thse wh have questined cmmn belief and thse wh have challenged ur cmmn-sense ideas f the wrld that have been the nes t have brught abut majr prgress in human civilizatin.
    In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wndered whether the Earth was rund because sailrs n the sea had nticed that the farther suth they went, the mre different stars they saw in the sky. Why was the sky changing? Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astrnmer Galile Galilei became interested in this questin and ended up demnstrating the “crazy” cncept f helicentrism (日心说), in which the Sun lies at the center f the universe while the Earth circles arund it at 30 kilmeters per secnd. But if the Earth is spinning arund s quickly, why aren’t we being thrwn ff f the surface f the planet? The answer t this questin wuld nt be clear fr anther century.
    Peple like rutine, but past perfrmance is n guarantee f future results. While thse wh challenge cmmn belief tend t be subjected t abuse, the prgress f humankind wuld have therwise been impssible withut these persistent peple and their “stupid” questins.
    1. What cmmnly happens t us when we grw lder accrding t the authr?
    A. We fcus t much n prcess.
    B. We still refuse t relax and g with the flw.
    C. We start t challenge cmmn-sense ideas f the wrld.
    D. We gradually lse the ability t questin cmmn belief.
    2. What’s the crrect rder f the fllwing statements?
    a. The ancient Greeks wndered whether the Earth was rund.
    b. Galile Galilei raised the cncept f helicentrism.
    c. We knw abut the cncept f gravity.
    d. Sailrs nticed smething special.
    A. adcbB. adbcC. dabcD. dacb
    3. Wh might have slved the questin “why aren’t we being thrwn ff f the surface f the planet?”
    A. An ancient Greek scientist living in 500 BC.
    B. Galile Galilei living between 1564 and 1642.
    C. Isaac Newtn living between 1643 and 1727.
    D. Albert Einstein living between 1879 and 1955.
    4. Hw des the authr develp his writing n the whle?
    A. By cmparisn and cntrastB. By using supprting examples.
    C. By using time and space rder.D. By generalizatin and definitin.
    【答案与解析】 本文是议论文,主要谈论了提出“愚蠢”问题的重要性。尽管那些挑战普遍看法的人往往会遭受不好的待遇,但如果没有这些人和他们的“愚蠢”问题,人类也就不可能进步了。
    1. 推理判断题。根据“As a matter f fact, we are all gd at asking questins by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used t the wrld arund us and take things fr granted.”以及“Cmmn belief may wrk well, but that des nt mean it is always right.”可知,这里提到随着年龄的增长,我们习惯了周围的世界,把一切都视为理所当然,因此推知我们逐渐失去了质疑共同信念的能力。故选D。
    2. 细节理解题。根据“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wndered whether the Earth was rund because sailrs n the sea had nticed that the farther suth they went, the mre different stars they saw in the sky. ”可知,水手们注意到了一些特别的事情,因此希腊人想知道地球是不是圆的;根据“Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astrnmer Galile Galilei became interested in this questin and ended up demnstrating the ‘crazy’ cncept f helicentrism (日心说),”可知,伽利略提出了“日心说”;根据“But if the Earth is spinning arund s quickly, why aren’t we being thrwn ff f the surface f the planet? The answer t this questin wuld nt be clear fr anther century.”可知,后来人们知道了重力,因此选项C中的顺序是正确的。故选C。
    3. 推理判断题。根据“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wndered whether the Earth was rund…the mre different stars they saw in the sky.”;“Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astrnmer Galile Galilei… and ended up demnstrating the ‘crazy’ cncept f helicentrism (日心说),”可知,伽利略在公元1500年左右提出“日心说”;根据“But if the Earth is spinning arund s quickly, why aren’t we being thrwn ff f the surface f the planet? The answer t this questin wuld nt be clear fr anther century.”可知,对于为什么我们没有被甩出地球表面这个问题,是在伽利略提出“日心说”一个世纪后,即公元1600多年才弄清楚的,由此推知,生于1643年至1727年的艾萨克·牛顿可能是解决这个问题的人。故选C。
    4. 细节理解题。根据“Thrughut histry…that have been the nes t have brught abut majr prgress in human civilizatin.”;在第三段中“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks…the mre different stars they saw in the sky.”以及“the Italian astrnmer Galile Galilei became interested in this questin and ended up demnstrating the ‘crazy’ cncept f helicentrism (日心说),”通过例举古希腊人和意大利天文学家伽利略·伽利菜来说明正是质疑引领了人类文明的重大进步,由此可知作者是通过列举支撑例证的方式来展开写作的。故选B。
    5
    (2024·河南鹤壁·一模)
    The climate crisis (气候危机) may lead the human race t shrink in size, as mammals (哺乳类动物) with smaller size appear better able t deal with rising glbal temperatures, a leading fssil expert has said.
    Prfessr Steve Brusatte at the University f Edinburgh suggested that the way in which ther mammals have respnded (反应) t perids f climate change befre brught thughts f humans’ future. He said the difficulty f peple is similar t that f early hrses, which became smaller in bdy size as temperatures rse arund 55 millin years ag.
    Brusatte ntes that animals in warmer parts f the wrld tday are ften smaller than thse in clder areas. “The reasns are nt fully understd, but it is prbably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative t their size than larger animals and can thus better get rid f the excess (过多的) heat,” he writes.
    Brusatte said that becming smaller was “a cmmn way that mammals deal with climate change”. He added, “That’s nt t say every kind f mammal wuld get smaller, but it seems t be a cmmn survival skill f mammals when temperatures rise pretty quickly. S it des raise the questin: if temperatures d rise quickly, might humans get smaller? And I think that’s certainly pssible.”
    Hwever, nt all experts agree that. Prfessr Adrian Lister, f the Natural Histry Museum in Lndn, dubts that humans will shrink as the climate heats. “We are nt really cntrlled by the nature,” he said. “If that was ging t happen, yu’d need t find large peple dying befre they culd reprduce because f climate warming. That is nt happening in tday’s wrld. We wear clthes, we have gt heating, we have gt air cnditining if it is t ht.”
    1. What des the underlined wrd “shrink” mst prbably mean in Chinese?
    A. 增大B. 增多C. 缩小D. 减少
    2. What happened t the early hrses accrding t the text?
    A. They were greatly hunted by humans.
    B. They died ut because f the ht weather.
    C. They became ther animals in 55 millin years.
    D. They became smaller because f the climate change.
    3. Which f the fllwing matches Brusatte’s pinin best?
    A. B. C. D.
    4. Why des the writer mentin Lister’s wrds?
    A. T supprt his idea.B. T start a different tpic.
    C. T give anther pinin.D. T meet the reader’s need.
    5. Where is the text prbably frm?
    A. A histry bk.B. A turist guide.
    C. A health magazine.D. A science website.
    【答案与解析】本文主要探讨了气候变暖与人类体型之间关系的两种观点。
    1. 词句猜测题。根据“The climate crisis (气候危机) may lead the human race t shrink in size, as mammals (哺乳类动物) with smaller size appear better able t deal with rising glbal temperatures, a leading fssil expert has said.”和“He said the difficulty f peple is similar t that f early hrses, which became smaller in bdy size as temperatures rse arund 55 millin years ag.”可知,气候危机可能导致人类体型缩小,因为体型较小的哺乳动物似乎更能应对不断上升的全球气温。因此shrink应意为“缩小”。故选C。
    2. 细节理解题。根据“He said the difficulty f peple is similar t that f early hrses, which became smaller in bdy size as temperatures rse arund 55 millin years ag.”可知,随着大约5500万年前气温的升高,马的体型变小了。故选D。
    3. 细节理解题。根据“He added,‘That’s nt t say every kind f mammal wuld get smaller, … S it des raise the questin: if temperatures d rise quickly, might humans get smaller? And I think that’s certainly pssible.’ ”可知,Brusatte认为如果气温迅速上升,人类会变得更小。故选C。
    4. 推理判断题。根据“Brusatte said that becming smaller was ‘a cmmn way that mammals deal with climate change’.”与“Hwever, nt all experts agree that.”可知,并非所有专家都同意这一点,因此作者提到了Lister的话是为了给出另一种观点。故选C。
    5. 推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了气候变化与人类体型之间的关系,内容与“科学”有关,因此本文来源于科学网站。故选D。
    6
    (2024·重庆沙坪坝·二模)①The first half f the year 2024 has seen a lt f new prducts, such as smart phnes with new CPUs and self-driving cars. We, hwever, shuld knw that these prducts aren’t inventins with new technlgy. They are just things using ld technlgy which appeared lng ag: the first CPU was prduced in the 1960s and even the technlgy f self-driving is ver 50 years ld. It’s time fr us t face the cld fact that the creatin f new technlgy is cming t a halt (停滞).
    ②In fact, there hasn’t been much new human technlgy since the 1980s. And the reasn fr the difficulties in technlgical creatin is simple: the easy creatins have already been made, and nw the hard nes are still n the way.
    ③Fr example, in the early 19th century, Samul Mrse invented the telegram (电报) n his wn within weeks. Hwever, when it cmes t the 20th century, a scientific breakthrugh (突破) like nuclear pwer plants (核电站), tk mre tp scientists many years t make. That leads t the slwing-dwn and even the halt f new technlgical creatins.
    ④ ▲ . Tw serius prblems culd be waiting fr us. One is that the human ppulatin may be frced t stp grwing, because limited (有限的) land n the earth can nly prduce limited fd. Unless new technlgy appears t help duble the fd prductin, we can’t affrd the ever-grwth f the ppulatin.
    ⑤Anther is that traveling freely amng the stars may never cme true. As we knw, this kind f travel needs 85% f lightspeed r higher. With ur present technlgy, rckets tday can nly fly at 1.5% f lightspeed, which stps us frm explring the uter space.
    ⑥S hw can we turn this dark and hpeless future int a bright ne? Talented yung inventrs are using AI t put tgether the knwledge f cuntless scientists. Brave researchers n bilgy are wrking n super brains, which may help humans have much better memries and thinking abilities. Actually, we all shuld be respnsible fr the scientific breakthrugh. Only thrugh the effrts f all us humans can we have a bright future.
    1. Hw des the writer shw it’s harder t make new creatins nw in Paragraph 3?
    A. By cmparing facts.B. By listing numbers.
    C. By telling stries.D. By asking questins.
    2. Which is the best sentence t be put in the ▲ ?
    A. Human ppulatin may be badly influenced by the halt.
    B. The result f technlgical halt can be quite wrrying.
    C. Technlgical halt culd have bth gd and bad results n us.
    D. New technlgy will be brught t a bright future.
    3. What can we infer frm the passage?
    A. Smart phnes are inventins with new technlgy.
    B. Rckets in the future will be able t fly at 85% f lightspeed.
    C. It’s us humans’ duty t realize the science breakthrugh.
    D. AI and research n bilgy may lead new technlgy t appear.
    4. What’s the best structure fr this passage?
    A. B.
    C. D.
    【答案与解析】本文介绍目前新技术创造停滞的事实,呼吁人类要努力,我们才能有一个光明的未来。
    1. 细节理解题。根据“Fr example, in the early 19th century, Samul Mrse invented the telegram (电报) n his wn withinweeks. Hwever, when it cmes t the 20th century, a scientific breakthrugh (突破) like nuclear pwer plants (核电站), tk mre tp scientists many years t make.”可知,作者通过比较事实表明现在很难进行新的创造,故选A。
    2. 推理判断题。根据“Tw serius prblems culd be waiting fr us.”可知,可能有两个严重的问题在等着我们,所以此处引出技术停滞带来的不良结果,选项B“技术停滞的结果可能相当令人担忧”符合语境,故选B。
    3. 推理判断题。根据“Talented yung inventrs are using AI t put tgether the knwledge f cuntless scientists. Brave researchers n bilgy are wrking n super brains, which may help humans have much better memries and thinking abilities.”可知,AI和生物研究可以帮助人们实现科技新的突破。故选D。
    4. 篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知,第一段引出技术停滞这一问题;第二、三两段介绍现状和事实;第四、五两段介绍技术停滞带来的问题;第六段提出解决办法、进行呼吁。故选C。
    7
    (2024·湖北襄阳·三模)
    Type in “A cat wants t g t space” and ask the rbt t write a bedtime stry. Just ne secnd later, yu’ll get the stry f Max, wh was n his way past many difficulties t sing amng the stars.
    This rbt writer is real. It’s called ChatGPT. It was develped by US cmpany Open AI. It can translate languages, talk with peple and write sngs, pems and even jkes. It’s ne f the tp AI tls f its kind, with almst all the writing range (范围) f a real persn! Accrding t a US reprt f mre than 1,000 students, ver 89% f them have used ChatGPT t help with hmewrk. Sme students even gt high marks thanks t papers written by ChatGPT.
    Sme schls in the US, Australia and France have banned the use f ChatGPT. In the US, fr example, students and teachers in New Yrk City public schls are nt allwed (允许) t use ChatGPT n the netwrks and devices (设备), CNN reprted.
    The mve cmes ut f wrries that the tl culd make it easier fr students t cheat (作弊) n hmewrk. Sme als wrry that ChatGPT culd bring sme prblems at the same time. “It des nt build critical-thinking(批判性思维) and prblem, slving skills, which are necessary fr academic (学术的) and lifelng success,” said Jenna Lyle, a secretary f the New Yrk City Department f Educatin.
    Hwever, nt all educatrs say “n” t ChatGPT. Sme Canadian universities are makıng plicies (政策) n its use, fr bth students and teachers. They have n plans t cmpletely stp the use f the tl s far.
    1. The writer gives the example f “the cat stry” in paragraph 1 mainly t ________.
    A. intrduce a fantastic bedtime bk
    B. tell what ChatGPT can d fr animals
    C. answer hw ChatGPT learns abut space
    D. shw the creative wrk by ChatGPT
    2. Accrding t Paragraph 2, ChatGPT is able t d many things: ________.
    ① translating languages ② talking with peple ③ helping with husewrk ④ writing sngs, pems and even jkes
    A. ①②③B. ②③④
    C. ①②④D. ①②③④
    3. The underlined wrd “banned” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
    A. advised t makeB. said n t
    C. helped t teachD. kept n trying
    4. What d we knw abut ChatGPT frm this passage?
    A. It has bth gd pints and bad pints.
    B. It will take the place f teachers ne day.
    C. It can d everything fr humans in the future.
    D. It isn’t amng the tp AI tls yet s far.
    5. What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
    A. What’s the Future f Educatin?
    B. What Can AI Rbts Bring Us?
    C. Is ChatGPT a Gd Study Tl r a Way t Cheat?
    D. Will ChatGPT Take the Place f Teachers?
    【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了ChatGPT的功能以及它的劣势和学校对此的措施。
    1. 推理判断题。根据“Type in ‘A cat wants t g t space’ and ask the rbt t write a bedtime stry. Just ne secnd later, yu’ll get the stry f Max, wh was n his way past many difficulties t sing amng the stars”可推测出,作者以这个例子说明ChatGPT可以做创造性的工作。故选D。
    2. 细节理解题。根据“It can translate languages, talk with peple and write sngs, pems and even jkes”可知,ChatGPT可以翻译语言、与人交谈、写歌、写诗歌甚至写笑话。故①②④正确。故选C。
    3. 词句猜测题。根据“Sme schls in the US, Australia and France have banned the use f ChatGPT. In the US, fr example, students and teachers in New Yrk City public schls are nt allwed (允许) t use ChatGPT n the netwrks and devices (设备)”可知,在美国,纽约市公立学校的学生和教师是不允许在网络和设备上使用ChatGPT,所以是禁止使用ChatGPT,故此处划线部分意为“对……说不”。故选B。
    4. 细节理解题。根据“It can translate languages, talk with peple and write sngs, pems and even jkes”以及“The mve cmes ut f wrries that the tl culd make it easier fr students t cheat (作弊) n hmewrk”可知ChatGPT有优势,也有劣势。故选A。
    30. 最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了ChatGPT的功能以及它的劣势和学校对此的措施,以选项C“ChatGPT是一个很好的学习工具还是一种作弊方式”为标题最合适。故选C。
    8
    (2024·江苏·二模)D yu cmpare yurself t ther peple? Perhaps yur best friend received smething yu really wanted fr yur birthday, r yu’re nt allwed t g t a cncert but yur brther r sister is. Even thugh cmparisns are nrmal and can smetimes be helpful, fcusing n yur wn prgress is imprtant fr yur happiness.
    Why des fcusing n me matter? “We prefer t cmpare urselves t thers wh are ding better r nt as well as urselves,” says psychlgist (心理学家) Nicla Abbtt. “But cmparing yur achievements t yur past self (where yu started) and yur future self (where yu’d like t get t) can be mre psitive (积极的) .” This can make yu feel prud f what yu’ve achieved and excited abut what yu might d. Child psychlgist Laverne Antrbus agrees and says that fcusing n yur wn gals is mre wrthwhile than always trying t cme ut n tp.
    D cmparisns make yu unhappy? Cmparing yurself t thse arund yu is natural and we ften d it withut realizing. It can help us t find ur achievements and t frm friendships with new peple wh have similar interests. Hwever, it’s imprtant t be realistic (务实的) and remember that nbdy is perfect, especially nline and n scial media. Taking ntes f hw the cmparisn is making yu feel matters, t.
    If yu begin t feel quite lw, Abbtt suggests chsing a different rle mdel r fcusing n yur wn strengths and what yu’re gd at. Antrbus agrees. She says that asking yurself questins like “What am I gd at?” “What d I feel prud f?” and “What imprvements can I ntice?” can help t imprve yur self-esteem (hw psitive yu feel abut yurself).
    “Jealusy (忌妒) is an rdinary feeling,” says Antrbus, “but fcusing n imprving yur wn perfrmance can help yu feel just as successful. Besides, learning t celebrate yur friend’s achievements can help nt nly t imprve yur friend’s feeling but can als help yu feel gd.”
    “It will encurage yu t build each ther up.”
    1. The underlined phrase “fcusing n” means “_________”.
    A. paying attentin tB. making use f
    C. playing a rle inD. taking part in
    2. Accrding t Nicla Abbtt, it is better t cmpare _________.
    A. yurselves t thers wh are ding wrse
    B. yur wn past and future achievements
    C. yurselves t thers wh ften laugh at yu
    D. yur failures with yur past self and future self
    3. What result can unrealistic cmparisns have, as mentined in the article?
    A. They always lead t greater success.
    B. They create lng-time happiness and jy.
    C. They may result in feelings f unhappiness.
    D. They have little influence n yur gals.
    4. The purpse f the last paragraph is t suggest ________.
    A. nt arguing with thse successful peple
    B. nt minding the feeling f being jealus
    C. trying t d better than thse arund yu
    D. learning t cngratulate friends n the prgress
    【答案与解析】本文主要说明比较的意义,作者强调关注自己的进步对自身的幸福很重要。
    1. 词句猜测题。根据“Even thugh cmparisns are nrmal and can smetimes be helpful, fcusing n yur wn prgress is imprtant fr yur happiness.”可知,尽管这种比较很正常,有时也有帮助,但关注你自己的进步对你的幸福很重要,因此fcusing n指的是“关注”,与paying attentin t同义,故选A。
    2. 细节理解题。根据“But cmparing yur achievements t yur past self (where yu started) and yur future self (where yu’d like t get t) can be mre psitive.”可知,Nicla Abbtt认为把你的成就与过去的自己和未来的自己进行比较是积极的,即最好对现在的自己,过去的自己,未来的自己进行比较,故选B。
    3. 推理判断题。根据“D cmparisns make yu unhappy? ”及“Hwever, it’s imprtant t be realistic (务实的) and remember that nbdy is perfect, especially nline and n scial media.”可以推断,比较要务实,如果不切实际的去比较,会给人带来不愉快的感受,故选C。
    4. 推理判断题。根据“Besides, learning t celebrate yur friend’s achievements can help nt nly t imprve yur friend’s feeling but can als help yu feel gd.”可推断,这段的写作目的是学会祝贺朋友的成就,故选D。
    9
    (2024·海南·模拟预测)
    When ChatGPT came ut, Olivia Lipkin, a cpywriter in San Francisc, fund herself with less and less wrk t d. Last April, she was fired with n explanatin. She realized the reasn when hearing managers talking abut hw using ChatGPT was at a lwer cst than having a human writer. Eric Fein had wrked in a writing cmpany fr ten years. He became jbless last March because f ChatGPT. He said t his bss that ChatGPT culdn’t write with his level f creativity. His bss said he understd, but he wuld have t pay mre t Fein than using ChatGPT.
    AI systems like ChatGPT culd replace (替代) hundreds f millins f jbs in the future. And fr thse wh write scial media psts and ads, the effect is already here. Hwever, experts say that even the best AI systems can’t match the writing skills f a human. It desn’t have a persnal vice r style. Besides, it ften gives the wrng answers.
    Indeed, cmpanies that have replaced human wrkers with ChatGPT have run int truble. CNET, a technlgy news site, nce used Al systems t write articles. The results, hwever, were full f mistakes. And the U.S. Natinal Eating Disrders Cmpany nce replaced its helpline wrkers with rbts. But it had t stp using the technlgy after the rbts gave peple harmful advice.
    After being replaced by ChatGPT, Fein and Lipkin didn’t give up. Fein has decided t be an air-cnditining technician(技师), a jb that AI can’t d. And Lipkin nw wrks as a dg walker. She says, “Peple are lking fr the cheapest slutin, and that’s nt a persn-it’s a rbt.”
    1. Why did Lipkin and Fein lse their jbs?
    A. There was less and less wrk fr them t d.
    B. ChatGPT was much mre creative than them.
    C. The cst savings were in the first place fr the cmpanies.
    2. What can we learn frm Paragraph 2?
    A. AI systems will replace all kinds f jbs.
    B. AI systems can write as well as human writers.
    C. AI systems still have a lng way t g.
    3. What can we knw abut ChatGPT?
    A. It requires n crrectins in writing.
    B. It may give wrng suggestins t users.
    C. It can nly be used t write articles.
    4. Which f the fllwing best describes Lipkin and Fein?
    A. Humrus and hnest.B. Strng-minded and hard-wrking.C. Patient and easy-ging.
    5. What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
    A. Will ChatGPT Replace Humans?
    B. Shuld Humans Trust ChatGPT?
    C. Will ChatGPT Becme Creative?
    【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了ChatGPT将来可能会取代一些工作岗位,但是不能取代所有岗位,文中列举了几家公司用ChatGPT取代人工后遇到的麻烦。
    1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“She realized the reasn when hearing managers talking abut hw using ChatGPT was at a lwer cst than having a human but he wuld have t pay mre t Fein than using ChatGPT.”可知,使用ChatGPT的成本比聘请人写作更低,所以 Lipkin and Fein失业的原因是公司为了节省成本。故选C。
    2. 推理判断题。通过阅读第二段的内容可知,ChatGPT会取代一些工作岗位,但是即使是最好的人工智能系统也无法与人类的写作技巧相提并论,说明人工智能系统还有很长的路要走。故选C。
    3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“And the U.S. Natinal Eating Disrders Cmpany nce replaced its helpline wrkers with rbts. But it had t stp using the technlgy after the rbts gave peple harmful advice.”可知,ChatGPT可能会给用户错误的建议。故选B。
    4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“After being replaced by ChatGPT, Fein and Lipkin didn’t give up. Fein has decided t be an air-cnditining technician (技师), a jb that AI can’t d. And Lipkin nw wrks as a dg walker. ”可知,Lipkin and Fein失业之后没有放弃,找到工作,说明他们意志坚定并且很努力。故选B。
    5. 最佳标题题。通过通读文章内容可知,本文主要在讨论ChatGPT是否将会取代人类。故选A。
    10
    (2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·二模)Since the beginning f this term, primary and junir high schls in Shenzhen have carried ut (执行) a new measure (措施) t make sure that students have daily physical educatin (PE) classes. Shenzhen is the first city in the cuntry t require schls t rganize daily PE at the cmpulsry educatin (义务教育) level.
    Buxin Primary Schl in Luhu District started using a “3+1+1” mdel, which includes three regular (有规律的,固定的,常规的) PE classes, ne music-based (基于音乐的) exercise class, and ne sprts game class t make sure a ttal f five PE classes per week.
    Because there aren’t enugh PE teachers t teach all the new classes, the schl had t ask teachers frm ther subject areas t lead many f the PE classes.
    Liu Xunhua, a Chinese-language teacher at the schl, has taken n the rle f a part-time PE teacher. Liu leads students in activities such as jump rpe and jumping jacks (开合跳).
    “Everything is fr the health f the students, and we supprt the new measure.” said Liu. Like ther nn-prfessinal (非专业的) PE teachers, Liu tk PE training classes and fund chances t learn frm prfessinal PE teachers.
    Chen Xinru, a grade 8 student frm Xin’an Middle Schl, said that a daily PE class can imprve their learning abilities. “When I am tired, I can relax by running r playing basketball and I can becme mre fcused in class,” said Chen.
    Lu Xing, a PE teacher frm the same schl, said that the daily PE class is a gd thing fr students’ physical and mental (智力的) health.
    1. Why did Buxin Primary Schl begin using a “3+1+1” mdel?
    A. T make students interested in PE classes.
    B. T prvide mre music and sprts game classes.
    C. T make sure students have daily physical educatin.
    D. T allw teachers frm ther subjects t teach mre classes.
    2. Hw d nn-prfessinal PE teachers imprve their teaching skills?
    A. By rganizing daily PE classes.B. By taking PE training classes.
    C. By taking part in sprts games.D. By helping prfessinal PE teachers.
    3. Accrding t Chen Xinru, hw des a daily PE class help her study?
    A. It lets her make mre gd friends.
    B. It increases her interest in ther subjects.
    C. It imprves her mental and physical health.
    D. It helps her relax and fcus better in class.
    4. Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the passage?
    A. Shenzhen requires schls t rganize daily PE at the cmpulsry educatin (义务教育) level.
    B. Nn-prfessinal teachers are leading Chinese classes.
    C. Students can’t imprve their learning abilities thrugh PE.
    D. Buxin Primary Schl is using a “3+1+1” mdel fr music classes.
    【答案与解析】本文讲述了国家颁布了加强学校体育教育的措施之后,深圳的一些学校在体育课的安排上的情况以及学生,老师对此的看法。
    1. 细节理解题。根据“t make sure that students have daily physical educatin (PE) classes”以及“make sure a ttal f five PE classes per week.”可知,是为了确保学生每天都有体育课,故选C。
    2. 细节理解题。根据“Like ther nn-prfessinal (非专业的) PE teachers, Liu tk PE training classes and fund chances t learn frm prfessinal PE teachers.”可知,通过参加体育培训班来提升教学技能,故选B。
    3. 细节理解题。根据“When I am tired, I can relax by running r playing basketball and I can becme mre fcused in class,”可知,这有助于她在课堂上放松和更好地集中注意力,故选D。
    4. 推理判断题。根据“Shenzhen is the first city in the cuntry t require schls t rganize daily PE at the cmpulsry educatin (义务教育) level.”可知,深圳要求学校在义务教育阶段组织日常体育活动,故选A。

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