广州科教版小学英语6上 重难点知识归纳1

这是一份广州科教版小学英语6上 重难点知识归纳1，共60页。
六年级上册重难点 Unit1 知识内容与考点 一、句型：1.      What are those farmers doing?2.      They’re cutting grass to feed the animals.3.      What do you grow on your farm?4.      We have a few goats and pigs.5.      There are fruit trees in this field.6.      There is a cow on the farm. 二、重点精析：1. any other + 名词单数，指一堆当中的的某一个any other + 名词复数，指一堆当中的一些如：Tom runs faster than any other student in his class.  汤姆比他班上的任何人都跑得快。Are you taking any other drugs at present?  你现在还有服用其他的药吗？ 2. 表示肯定意义：a little / a few    有一点，有一些表示否定意义: little / few      几乎没有的a few/few +可数名词复数      little / a little +不可数名词many/much   意为很多的     many +可数名词复数        much +不可数名词3. use sth. to do sth.   用……做某事 4. many of them他们中的许多人many of usmany of the boysmany of the young men 5. be from = come from 来自…… 他来自中国。  ____________________________________________________( They are from China.  They come from China. ) 6. also; too; either 的区别： (1) also意思是也，是比too较为正式的用语，通常用于肯定句中，一般靠近动词。如：He also asked to go．他也要求去。 (2) too 意思也是也，是最普通的用语，常与also通用，但不如also正式，在口语中它用得更多。too通常放有句末，它也通常用于肯定句中。如： I went there, too．我也到那儿去的。Mother was angry too．母亲也发怒了。 (3) either意思也是也。它用于否定句中，而且要放在句末。如： If you do not go，I shall not either．倘若你不去，我也不去 7.  give … to…  把…… 给 …… give sth. to sb. =give sb, sth. 如：Amy gives me abook.= Amy gives a book to me. 8. There is a cow on the farm.There be是英语中常用句型，意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”。 如：There are five books, two pens and a ruler in the school bag.There is a ruler, two pens and five books in the school bag. 三、重点语法： 现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在或当前正在进行的动作。 基本结构：be（am，is，are）+ doing 动词现在分词 （-ing）1．-ing            2. 去e+ing         3. 双写+ing（如：get, begin, sit, fit,swim, shop, drop, stop, run, cut, put双写+ing） 4. 现在进行时的否定形式：在be动词后面加not。 如：He is not doing his homework. 改为一般疑问句：把be动词提前。肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+ be.”否定回答用“No, 主语+be not.” 如：Are you reading.    Yes, I’m.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词ing形式+其他？ 如：What are you doing?Unit2重点内容与考点 一、句型：1. A country life is a healthy life.2. It takes about 40 minutes.3. I am always very busy but I never feel tired, because I have plenty of exercise.4. When I get home after school, there is still much work to do. 二、重点精析：1. live in + 大地点     live at + 小地点（如街道、街区等）     live on + 楼层 2. help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事        help sb. with sth.   帮助某人做某事 有时候我帮我妈妈清洁房间。 _______________________( Sometimes I help my mom clean the rooms. ) 我喜欢帮妈妈做家务。        _______________________(I love helping my mom with the housework. ) 3. more than+数词    超过，多于如：More than thirty students are boys in our class.more than + 名词, 不仅仅是如：Joe is more than a writer; he is a cook, too. 4. plenty of = a lot of = lots of  + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词   表示许多、大量5. It takes about 40 minutes. 这大约要花四十分钟。关于花费的表达（重点）(1) It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.  表达花费某人多少时间他花了两天时间去读这本书。 _______________________(It takes him two days to read this book. ) 从我家到学校大约要花费三十分钟。 _______________________(It takes me thirty minutes to go to school from myhome. ) (2) Doing sth. takes sb. +时间    做某事花了某人多少时间 写作业花了他两个小时。 _______________________(Doing homework takes him two hours. ) (3) Spend time / money on sth. spend time / money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事 他们花费了一个小时去游泳。 _______________________(They spend an hour on swimming.) (4) sth. costs (sb.) + 金钱  某物花了（某人）多少钱这本书花了他五十元。  _______________________(This book costs him fifty yuan. )(5) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) + 时间   某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间喂马花了她一个小时。 _______________________(Feeding horses costs her one hour.)(6)pay (sb.) money for sth.  付钱（给某人）买……我妈妈每个月给我付三百块钱的早餐费。 _______________________(My mom pays me three hundred for buying breakfast.)(7) pay for sth.   付……的钱6. be busy doing sth = be busy with sth   忙于做某事He is busy doing homework.  =   He is busy with homework. 7. Thanks for   感谢，多亏了Thanks for inviting us to your farm.Thanks for your help．Unit3重点内容与考点一、单词回顾∶城市city 学生 student 纽约NewYork 美国America 安静的quiet 便宜的cheap 现代化的modern 嘈杂的noisy 宽阔的wide拥挤的crowded 酒店 hotel 舒服的comfortable 拥挤的，大量的heavy 缓慢slow短语∶be from;visit a museum;go to the cinema;each other;play with...三、句型：1. Where are you from?     I am from New York City in America.2. It’s a big and modern city but it’s quite noisy.3. Everything is very expensive in New York.重点精析∶be from = come from来自Where are you from?=Where do you come from?你来自哪里?David来自美国。David is from America. 你是来自法国的吗?Are you from France?be born出生我出生于广州。I was born in Guangzhou. 你在哪里出生呢?Where were you born?3. go to the cinema= go to see the movies看电影go to+ 名词 表示去某地或做某事go to the parkgo to the farmgo to schoolgo to workgo to the hospital go to the zoo go to sleep4.each other 互相They always help each other.play with + 名词玩要…;和...玩play with water play with a toy carplay with my brother五、重点语法：人称代词:表示“你，我，他，她，它，你们，我们，他们，她们，它们”  1. 怎么样区分：(1)看代词意思有没有“的”(2)有“的”---形容词+名词；名词性不+名词(3)没“的”---动词/介词+宾格 （介词：for, about, with, to, of…）如：Please give me this book.         This book is for me.(4)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，所以名词性物主代词后面不必加名词。如：Is this your book?    No, it isn’t. It’s hers (her book).This pen is mine. 2.主语it的特殊用法：（1）it用来表示时间、天气等。如：It’s six o’clock. 现在六点了。（时间）It’s sunny today. 今天天气晴朗。（天气）（2）表示不明性别的婴儿、动物或不明身份、不确定的人。如：-----Who’s knocking? -----It’s me.It’s a cute baby.（3）用来指代前面提到过的事物。如：------Where’s my dog? ------It’s in the kitchen. 4重点内容与考点 一、重点单词及短语：holiday,interesting, dirty, afraid,outside, sell,country, theatre,miss, so many,go outside,be afraid to,at night, go to sleep,too many, goback home, be different to,can’t wait to,be born, all day…. 二、句子：1. I like the city very much.2. There is much more to do in the city than in the countryside.3. I can’t go to sleep because there are too many cars.4. I can’t wait to go back home and see all my friends. 三、重点精析：holiday  假日   summer holiday  暑假    winter holiday  寒假 holiday,vacation,和leave的区别： 1）holiday和vacation都可表示“假期”，前者主要用于英国英语中，后者主要用于美国英语中。2）无论是在英国英语中还是美国英语中，表示因宗教节日或国家喜庆日而设定的“假日”都用holiday。New Year’s Dayis a holiday for everyone.3）leave表示“休假”“假期”，主要指雇员因有某种理由而获准的休假；还通常指军队、政府、机关等的休假。She has been given sick leave. 她获准休病假。 2. interesting  表示“有趣的，引起兴趣的”，用来描述事物的特征。eg. This movieis so interesting. interested  表示“感兴趣的”，用来描述人的感受。be interested in sth. / doing sth.eg.I’m interested in English.3.be afraid_of   害怕……be afraid to do …   害怕做…… 我害怕蛇。I am afraid _of snakes.Amy害怕在河里游泳。 Amy is afraid to swim in the river. 注：be afraid of doing sth. 和be afraid to do sth. 的区别： 前者指因顾及后果而怕做某事；后者则侧重表示因担心做某事有后患而不愿或不敢做某事。 他害怕爬树。He is afraid of climbing trees. 他不敢爬这棵树。He is afraid to climb the tree. 4. at 的用法：1）表示时间或时刻：at night, atnoon, at six o’clock,at dawn, at the weekend… 2）表示在某处：at home, at school, at the gate,at the hospital… 5. too many  太多；用来修饰可数名词复数eg.too many cars too much  太多；用来修饰不可数名词 eg.too much water much too   太……；用来修饰形容词或副词，表示程度  eg.It’s much too cold. 6. be different to   和…… 不同     反义词：the same as   和…… 一样It’s very different to our home on the farm.   它和我们在农场的家不同。I think the same as you about this.  在这件事上，我的想法和你一样。 7. because  因为，用来描述原因，引导从句。通常用来回答why提问的问题。I can’t go there because I must do my homework.---Why do you like live in the countryside?---Because it’s quiet and comfortable. 5重点内容与考点一、短语：see a doctor, go to the hospital, this morning, have a toothache, brush teeth, twice a day, have a broken finger, take a rest, have a headache, drink plenty of water, have a cold, take medicine, have a fever, have a stomachache, go to school, on weekdays…二、句子：1. What’s the matter with you?2. I have a stomachache.3. I’m sorry to hear that.4. You should see a doctor.5. I think you’ll be well soon.6.He asked me to take this medicine three times a day for a week.三、重点精析：1. I am sorry to hear that.     听到这个消息我感到很难过。hear of 知道 hear about 听说        hear from  收到…来信我上周收到老爸的回信。I heard from my father last week.你听说过他吗？Did you hear about him?hear和listen的区别：1)hear表示“听见”“听到”，强调结果，可能有意识的听，也可能无意识地听。如：I heard someone singing in the next room.  2)listen是不及物动词，表示有意识或注意地“听”，并不说明是否听见的结果；必须需加to才能接宾语。如：He likes listening to music.2.health 健康        healthy健康的    in good health 健康状况好        in poor health 健康状况不好3.I brush my teeth twice a day.   我一天刷两次牙。once 一次     twice 两次      three times  三次     four times   四次4. I have a broken finger.   我有一根手指断了。    broken   断了的a broken window   破碎的窗玻璃          a broken marriage   破裂的婚姻5. Don’t wear wet clothes.   不要穿湿衣服。wear除了表示“穿（衣服、鞋子等）”，还可以表示“戴（帽子、眼镜等）”；立着（胡子、头发等）。如：She is wearing a long dress.    My mother wears long hair.注：wear意思是“穿着，戴着”，强调状态；put on 意思是“穿上”，强调动作。6. I went to the hospital this morning.   今天上午我去了医院。this 在这里和现在有关的时间连用，意思是“今，本，现在”，既可以表示过去时，也可以表示将来时。常见短语有：this week 这周    this month 这个月    this year 今年    this afternoon 今天下午this evening 今天晚上    this Monday 这周一    this weekend 这周末7.have a toothache   牙疼have在这里表示“患病”，“have a + 疾病名词”表示“患某种疾病”。如：have a headache 头疼    have a toothache 牙疼   have a cold 感冒have a fever 发烧    have a stomachache 肚子疼have 除了表示“患病”，还有其他含义：1)有；拥有         I have a new book.2)吃；喝           What do you have for lunch?3)经历；经受       I went to the party and had a good time.8.take medicine   吃药take在这里意思是“吃（药），服（药）”take还有很多其他含义：①拿走，带走          Don’t take toys to school.②买，买下            I will take this red dress.③拍照，摄影          I like taking photos.④花费（时间）        It takes me two hours to do my homework.9.What’s the matter with you?=What’s wrong with you?     你怎么了？What’s the matter with… / What’s the wrong with…意思是“……怎么了？”用来询问身体或精神状态，也可以用来询问突发事件，表示关心或问候。What’s the matter with you mother?    She has a fever.10.You should see a doctor.   你应该去看医生。分析：should是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形，句型结构：1)肯定句：主语+should+动词原形+其他.如：You should go to school.2)否定句：主语+shouldn’t+动词原形+其他.如：He shouldn’t be late for school.3)一般疑问句：Should+主语+动词原形+其他。如：Should I take this medicine? 6重点内容与考点一、短语：take exercise,stay healthy,at least,keep a good diet…二、句型：1.First, get plenty of sleep.2.Don’t eat too much sweet or oily food.3.How old does Mr Li look?4.Get up early and go to bed early.三、重点精析：1.Keep a good diet.  保持一个良好的饮食习惯。on diet 节食；减肥      balanced diet  均衡饮食2.  Eat more vegetables and less meat.  多吃蔬菜，少吃肉。less是little的比较级     less than  少于    less andless  越来越少3.First, get plenty of sleep, at least 8 hours each night. 首先，要有充足的睡眠，每晚至少有八个小时的睡眠。分析： at least意思是“是至少，不是少于”是副词短语，可以修饰动词或整个句子，用来强调程度或数量。4.Don’t eat too much sweet or oily food.   不要吃太多糖和油腻食物。分析：这是一个否定祈使句。祈使句是用来表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等语气的句子。祈使句有以下几种类型：①Do型---Do（表示行为的动词原形）+宾语+…Take the No.7 bus over there.             Open the door.②Be型---Be+名词 / 形容词+…Be quiet!                        Be careful.③Let型---Let+宾语（通常是第一或第三人称宾格）+动词原形+…Let’s go home.④Don’t型---Don’t+动词原形+…Don’t read in the sun.⑤No型---No+名词或动词ing形式.No photos!                  No smoking!【巧记】祈使句句型口诀：祈使句，无主语，只用谓语就可以。表示请求或命令，加上please表客气。如果变成否定句，Don’t开头是规律。No fishing! 是警示语，祈使句用法需记牢。5.How old does Mr Li look?     李先生看起来多大了？分析：这是How old引导的特殊疑问how old的意思句，是“多大“，用来询问年龄。回答时可以用“主语+be动词+数字+year(s) old.”如：How old are you?   I’m eleven years old.【拓展】how还可以和其他词一起来询问程度或状况：6.重点语法：介词介词表明名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词和其他介词。时间介词和地点介词的用法如下：①时间介词是用来表示时间的介词：1)on表示在具体的某一天或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上。如：on Monday  在星期一 on May 1st  在5月1日on Sunday morning 在星期天早上     on Christmas day在圣诞节2)at表示在具体某一时刻或用于固定短语中。如：at five o’clock  在五点        at night  在晚上      at noon  在正午3)in泛指一天的早、中、晚，还可以表示一段时间，如星期、月、年、季节等。如：in the morning  在早上     in 2014  在2014年      in winter  在冬天4)from… to…“从...到...”用来指时间范围。如：We go to school from Monday to Friday.   我们从星期一到星期五上学。5)before意思是“在…..之前”，after意思是“在……之后”，用来表示时间的先后顺序。如：Wash your hands before dinner.  饭前要洗手。Please clean the classroom after school.  放学后请打扫教室。②空间介词是用来表示空间或位置的介词。1)on表示在某一平面或线上，强调与某物体有接触。如：There is a pen on the desk.  书桌上有一支钢笔。2)in 表示在较大的地方，在某立体空间或平面范围之内。如：The kids are playing in the room.  孩子们在房间里面玩。3)at用于表示在一个较小的地点，这个地点被当作一个点来对待。如：She is waiting for you at the gate.  她在大门处等着你。4)over强调在某人或某物的正上方，而且两物体表面没有接触；above强调位置在某物体的上方，并不一定是正上方，而且两物体表面也没有接触。如：There is a bridge over the river.  河上面有一座桥。Some birds are flying above the clouds.  一些鸟儿在云朵上飞翔。5)under强调在某物的正上方，两物理表面可以接触，也可以不接触。below强调位置低于某参照物，但并不一定是正下方。如：A cat hides under the sofa.  一只猫咪藏在沙发下面。Please do not write below this line.  请不要写到这条线下面。6)between表示位置在两者之间；among表示位置在三者或者三者以上之间。如：I set betweenTom and Mary.  我坐在汤姆和玛丽之间。Susan is among the crowd.  苏珊在人群当中。7)in front of表示在一定范围外的前面；in the front of表示在一定范围内的前面。如：There is a fountain in the front of the park.  公园的前面有一个喷泉。He is standing in front of me.  他正站在我前面。【练一练】介词填空：1.the first day at school 2.on the school playground   3.between classes 4.on Wednesday   5.on a farm 6.a lot of fruit trees 7.live in a town  8.at the weekends9.look at them 10.in the sitting room 11.on the 4th of November   12.on the playground 13.in his grandpa’s house14.on New Year’sEve15.talk to his students about holidays   16.on Christmas Day17.have a big lunch with my family18.in September or October 7重点内容与考点 一、短语：go shopping,a pair of,meet my friend,ride my bike,see a film,read a story book,have a party,go to the countryside,clean my home,do my homework,last night,last weekend,last month,last year,last Saturday… 二、句型：1.What did you do yesterday?2.I went shopping with my mother.3.Where did you do yesterday?4.I stayed at home all day.三、重点精析：1.bought买（buy的过去式）buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb.  表示给某人买某物He bought me a new coat. =He bought a new coat for me.2.My mum was angry because I came home late.  我妈妈生气了因为我回家晚了。angry 生气,愤怒be angry with对……生气（针对人）      be angry about因为……生气（针对事）我怎么会对她生气呢?How can I be angry with her?他对我的错误感到生气。He is angry about my mistake.3.came来（come的过去式）When did you come home?  你什么时候回家的?come in进来come on出场,加油     come out出来,发行,开花come after追赶,追随      come back回来,返回      come down崩塌4.Poor Ben!可怜的本！   poor可怜的,贫穷的,劣质的,差的She is in poor health.     她身体不好。5.Where did you go last night?   昨天晚上你去哪里了?last跟时间词组成短语,常用在一般过去时态中。如：last night, last week, last month, last Monday, last summer……6.I went shopping with my mother.go + 动词ing形式，用来表示“去从事某种（体育或娱乐）活动”，常见的短语有：go bathing 去洗澡       go boating 去划船      go camping去野营go climbing 去爬山     go cycling骑车         go dancing 去跳舞go drinking去喝饮料   go fishing去钓鱼        go hunting去狩猎go riding 骑马          go sailing去航行        go shopping去购物go skating去溜冰      go skiing去滑雪7.They look great. 它们看起来很棒。look在这里是感官系动词。常见的感官系动词有look（看起来），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），feel（摸起来），后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。除look之外，其他几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。这些花闻起来很香。These flowers smell fragrant.这些西红柿摸起来很软。These tomatoes feel soft.8.The boy helped the old woman carry things.helpsb. do sth./help sb. with sth.   帮助某人做某事我能帮助妈妈做家务。I can help my mother do the housework.9.重点语法:一般过去时A、概念：一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。B、形式：含有实义动词的一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，基本句型是“主语+动词过去式+其他”；通常的提示词有yesterday。如：I made a cake yesterday.C、句型变化：①否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他如：We didn’t go to the party.②一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答：Yes, 主语+did.     否定回答：No, 主语+didn’t.如：Did you listen to the music?   Yes, I did.Did Tom take any photos?     No, he didn’t.③特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？如：What did you do this morning?  你今天上午做了什么？When did you go to school yesterday?    昨天你什么时候去上学？D、动词变过去式的规则变化：①动词直接加“ed”：work---worked，look---looked②以不发音的字母“e”结尾的单词，直接加“d”：live---lived，hope---hoped，use---used③以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加“ed”：study---studied，carry---carried，worry---worried④以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加“ed”：enjoy---enjoyed，play---played⑤以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed：stop---stopped，plan---planned⑥不规则变化的动词过去式：have---had are---wereget---got say---saidfeel---felt do/does---didam/is---was go---wentdrink---drank eat---atebring---brought think---thoughtbuy---bought catch---caughtteach---taught sit---satwear---wore cut---cutsweep---swept sleep---sleptbecome---became  sell---sold        read---read     take---tookride---rode     send---sent        wear---wore    win---wonrun---ran       put---put            know---knew    make---made注意：did/didn't一出现，后面动词现原形。【练一练】用所给的动词的适当形式填空。1.He visited(visit) the Great Wall last year.2.We had (have) a good time yesterday.3.We often went (go) to school by bus last year.4.I lived (live)in the village when I was a child.5.Mike saw (see) a big tiger in the nature park last year.6.Sam did(do) the house work yesterday.7.Did (do) you enjoy(enjoy) yourself yesterday?8.Did (do)youplay (play) the violin in the afternoon yesterday?No, I didn't. I drew(draw)some pictures there.9.I ate(eat) a big pizza yesterday.10.There were(be) many sheep on the farm last year.11.I watched (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.12.Her father read (read) a newspaper last night.13.We went to the zoo yesterday, but they went to the park. (go)14.Did you visit (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?15.Did he fly(fly) a kite onSunday? Yes, he did.  8重点内容与考点 一、短语：go on a trip,by train,take a photo…二、句子：1.Ben sat with me until I felt better.2.Ben said he was very excited because it was his first visit to the island.3.We all hope the trees will grow well.三、重点精析：1.I went on a trip to Hong Kong.   我去香港旅游了。辨析：journey,travel,trip的区别①journey指从一地到另一地，通常指陆地上的远距离“旅行”有时也可以表示经常走的或长或短的“路程”，只作名词。如：I took a journey from Beijing to Shanghai last year.  How long is your journey to school?      Only about 10 minutes.②travel作“旅行、游历”解，一般表示从一地到另一地旅行这一总的概念。常指长时间、远距离的“旅行”。尤指出国旅行。可作动词和名词。其复数形式意思为“旅行笔记”、“游记”。如： At present, many people are fond of travel in their spare time. ③trip 一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行、远足”，也可以指长途旅行。在非正式用语中可代替journey，只作名词。如： We made a boat trip to the island last week and had a good time.  I will be on a trip/journey to the south next summer holiday.2.Ben said he was very excited.  本说他非常兴奋。辨析：say, speak, talk, tell的区别①say意为“说，讲”，指用言语表达思想，强调说话内容，不接“人”作宾语。②speak强调开口说话、发言的动作，作及物动词时，后面跟某种语言作宾语。 ③tell 意为“说，告诉”，指将某事讲给别人听，含有“吩咐，命令”等含义。常用结构为：tell sb sth/tell sth to sb./tell sb to do sth ④talk意为“谈话，讲话”，强调谈话的双方，而不注重谈话内容。常用短语talk to/with sb，意为“和…交谈”。【练一练】用say, speak, tell或talk填空。 ①The teacher _____ the students not to be late again.②Do you often _____ to your friends on the phone? ③Don’t forget to _____ “Thank you” when someone opens the door for you. ④Can you_____Japanese? ⑤Our English teacher comes from America, but she often___we can___ .Chinese when we___with her. Sometimes she___us stories in Chinese.参考答案：①The teacher told the students not to be late again.②Do you often talk to your friends on the phone? ③Don’t forget to say“Thank you” when someone opens the door for you. ④Can you speak Japanese? ⑤Our English teacher comes from America, but she often says we can speakChinese when we talk with her. Sometimes she tells us stories in Chinese.3.I was very surprised.    我非常惊讶。辨析：surprised与surprising①surprising 形容词，意为“令人惊讶的“用来修饰物。②surprised 形容词，意为“（人）感到惊奇的，吃惊的”，主语一般是人。如：It’s a surprising  story.          We all feel surprised.跟法跟excited, exciting；interested, interesting相似。4.go on a trip=take a trip  去旅游“go on a + 名词”可以用来表示进行某项活动，常见短语有：go on a walk去散散步go on a diet节食；减肥5.by + 某种交通方式，表示“乘坐…”乘地铁 by subway乘公共汽车 by bus乘火车 by train乘小汽车 by car乘船 by boat乘飞机 by air6.take a photo  照相take a photo of sb. 给某人照相，而且就是给他本人照相，而take a photo for sb. 是为某人照相，相片上不一定有他本人。7.Ben sat with me until I felt better.本陪我坐在一起直到我感觉好了。until和 till同义为直到…,till多用于口语，until可以放在句首，till不能。until和till用于肯定句中，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动作,表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until和till所表示的时间为止。这些动词有：live wait last work等。如：He watched TV until/till midnight last night.until和till用于否定句中，其句型为not…until…意为“直到…才…”或“在……之（没有）”通常与非延续性的动词连用，强调主句所表示的状态或动作从until/till所表示的时间才发生，主句必须是否定句。如: I did not watch TV until she came back. 9重点内容与考点 Unit 9 Was I a good girl back then?一、短语：back then,in the picture,play with toys,read books,watch TV,surf the Internet,watch cartoons,drawc artoons,smile a lot… 二、句子：1.Was I a good girl back then?2.My hair was very long then, wasn’t it? 三、重点精析：1.But now you always keep it short.keep在这里意思是“保持”，后面常加形容词，表示保持某种状态。如：keep quiet保持安静           keep warm 保暖拓展：①继续；重复（keep doing sth.）keep smiling.要保持微笑。②保有；持有；不退还I keep all her letters.   我把她所有的信都保留着。③饲养；养We keep some goats.    我们养了一些山羊。 2.watch TV 看电视辨析：watch, look, see, 与read 的区别①look指集中注意力地看，是有意的，强调“看”的动作。单独使用时，用来引起对方的注意；如果跟宾语，要和at连用。如：Look! Tom is over there.  看！汤姆在那儿。Look at the blackboard, please.  请看黑板。②see强调“看”的结果，意为“看见、看到”。如：How many birds can you see in the tree?    你能看到树上有多少只鸟儿？③watch强调“专注地看”，有欣赏的意味，常用于看电视、看球赛等。如：Do you watch TV at night?   你晚上看电视吗？④read指“看”时实指“阅读”，常用于看书、看报等。如：I like reading at home.  我喜欢在家看书。 3.My hair was very long then, wasn’t it?    我的头发那时候很长，是吗？ 语法：反义疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。 A句子结构：①陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式可记为前肯后否。They workhard, don’t they?②陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式可记为前否后肯。You didn't go, did you? B句子类型：一种是反义的附加疑问句，一种是非反义的附加疑问句。简单来说，就是“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”。 C对反意疑问句的回答：无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。 如：He likes playing football, doesn’t he?    他喜欢踢足球，不是吗？Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.     是的。/ 不是。His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she?  他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.     不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。 10 重点内容与考点 Unit 10 Then and now一、短语：far away,department store,on time,three years ago…二、句子：1.It’s famous for its fish and rice.2.The town is much bigger.3.His home was nearby so he walks to school everyday.4.His home is far away, so every day he takes the bus.三、重点精析：1.ago …之前  ago前面加时间段，用来表示过去的时间。如：a week ago  一周前     a few days ago 几天前2.be famous for 因为…而出名；以…闻名如：It’s famous forits fish and rice.辨析：be famous for, be famous as, be famous to①be famous as 后一般跟人，表“做为......人而闻名”。如：Lu Xun is famous as a great writer.②be famous for 后一般跟事物，表“因/由于......而闻名”。如：Lu Xun is famous for his great novels.③be famous to 后一般跟人，表“对...是熟悉的”，“为......所熟知的”。如：Yao Ming is famous to most young people.3.On the bus, he sees people going to work in modern office buildings and apartment stores.分析：这个句子含有see sb. doing的结构，“看见某人做某事”：可以用see sb. doing 或see sb. do。它们的区别是：①see sb. doing sth.是指“看见某人正在做某事“，不是全过程，表正在进行。如：I saw her clean the classroom.  我看到她正在打扫教室。（强调正在做某事）②see sb. do sth.是指“看见某人做过某事”，是看见事情发生的全过程，动作已过去。如：I saw her clean the classroom.  我看到她打扫教室了。（强调做过这件事）4.一般过去时：含有be动词的一般过去时表示过去存在的状态。它的基本句型结构是“主语+was / were+其他.”如：I was tired.She was in the park in the morning.They were happy.①否定句：主语+wasn’t / weren’t+其他.如：I wasn’t tired.They weren’t happy.②一般疑问句：Was / Were+主语+其他.肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was / were.     否定回答：No, 主语+wasn’t / weren’t.如：-Were you tired?    -Yes, I was.-Were they happy?    -No, they weren’t.11重点内容与考点 Unit 11 I like the Spring Festival best.一、短语：the Spring Festival,lucky money,each other,Mid-autumn Festival,Dragon Boat Festival,Chongyang Festival…二、句子：1.What’s your favorite festival?2.I like the Spring Festival best.3.What do people do during the Spring Festival?4.When is the Spring Festival?5.It sounds great.三、重点精析：1. We wish them a happy Spring Festival.   我们祝愿他们春节愉快。辨析：wish和hope的区别：wish表示“希望”（大多难以实现或与事实相反），往往带有“祝愿”意味。而hope表示的“想”和“希望”是可以实现的。hope后不能接动名词作宾语，也不能用hope sb. to do sth.结构，但它们后面可以接从句。 如：I wish to see your manager, please.   我想见见你们的经理。I wish him to make progress.我希望他进步。I wish I could fly like a bird．  但愿我能象鸟一样飞。（从句中的could表示其动作不可能实现，不能用can。）I hope he can do that. 我希望他能干那件事。（本句表示有可能实现的一种希望，can不能用could代替。） 2. It sounds great.     那听起来很棒。sound在这里作感官系动词，意思是“听起来”，后面常接形容词。但它还可以作名词，表示“声音”，“响声”，还作形容词，表示“（睡眠）香甜的”。如：She heard the sound of footsteps outside.  她听见外面有脚步声。She has a sound night’s sleep.  她一夜好眠。 3. wait for 等待如：They are waiting for you.他们正在等你。 4.What’s your favourite festival? 这句话是用来询问对方爱好的。favourite的意思是“最爱的；最喜欢的”，如果询问其他事物可以用“What is sb.’s favourite…?”回答时要用“…like(s) … best.”或者“sb.’s favourite… is / are…”如：What’s your favorite animal?    I like cat best.12重点内容与考点一、短语：put up,tell the truth,all over the world…二、句子：1.Christmas is the most important festival of the year.2.When is Christmas Day?三、重点精析：1.everyone = everybody每人，不指具体哪个人，而是强调整体。作主语时，一般与单数谓语动词连用。如：Is everyone here? 2.share…with… 和…分享…如：She shares the cake with other children. 3.辨析：bring与take的区别：①bring意思是“带来”，是把东西带到说话人的方向或所在地。bring sb. sth./bring sth. to sb.如：bring your book here把书带到这来②take意思是“带走”，是把东西从说话人的所在地或者方向带到其它的地方。take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb.如：take the book to him把书带去给他 4.tell常见短语：tell the future 预测未来      tell a story 讲故事   tell a joke 讲笑话     tell the truth 说实话     tell a lie 说谎 5.Christmas is the most important festival of the year. 圣诞节是一年中最重要的节日。the most important是形容词的最高级，最高级通常用于三个或者是三个以上人或事物间的比较，表示“三者或者三者以上最……的”。当形容词有两个以上音节时，前面加most变为最高级。如：She is the most beautiful girl inthe class. 6.语法复习：一般现在时①当句子表状态说明主语是什么或怎么样时，其句型：主+ be动词（am, is, are）+表语，否定式是在be动词后加not，疑问句是将be动词提前到句首（即在主语之前）。如：The twin sisters are from America. 这对孪生姐妹是美国人。The twin sisters are not from America.Are the twins from America?②当谓语由实义动词充当，主语不是第三人称单数时，句子结构为：主语+动词原形+其它；否定式为：主语+don't+动词原形+其它；疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+其它如：We speak Chinese.Do you speak Chinese?They don't speak Chinese.③当主语是第三人称单数时：句子结构为主语+动词（词尾加s或es）+其它。否定式为：主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它。疑问句式：Does+主语+动词原形+其它？如：He likes playing football.He doesn’tlike playing football.Does he like playing football?主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meweyouhimheritthey形容词myouryourhisheritstheir名词mineoursyourshishersitstheirsHow组合用法例句How long意为“多长”，提问长度。How long is  the ship?这艘船多长？How big意为“多大”，提问体积。How big is  your box?你的箱子多大？How tall意为“多高”，提问高度。How tall is  the tree?这棵树多高？How many意为“多少”提问可数名词的数量。How many pens  do you have?你有多少支钢笔？How much意为“多少”，提问不可数名词的数量或价格。How much water  do you want?”你要多少水？How much is  it? 多少钱？How well意为“多好”，提问程度。How well do  you play piano?你钢琴弹得多好？