山东省烟台市2023-2024学年高三(上)期末考试英语试卷(解析版)

这是一份山东省烟台市2023-2024学年高三(上)期末考试英语试卷(解析版)，共17页。试卷主要包含了 5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Literary festivals all ver the USA ffer pprtunities fr readers t meet their favrite authrs and learn abut their new prjects. Yu can start planning yur next literary vacatin!
Summer Wrds
Dates: June 19-22
Price: Free
It’s ne f America’s mst respected literary festivals and writing cnferences. Authrs are able t attend advanced wrkshps in rder t imprve the craft f writing. Besides, they can meet editrs and literary agents and attend public panel discussins t gain inspiratin and insight.
Bk Bnanza
Dates: June 23-24
Price: $250
It is a celebratin f bks cvering multiple styles and always nets a huge list f incredible authr attendees. What makes it stand ut, hwever, is nt just its impressive list f attendees: it’s the charitable fcus. All prceeds are dnated t charitable causes, including thse that benefit wmen and children.
Ls Angeles Times Festival f Bks
Dates: April 22-23
Price: Free, althugh indr panels will require tickets
It is a massive celebratin f bks and the bkish cmmunity, with bk signings, panel discussins with distinguished prfessrs and experts, art perfrmances and bk giveaways. The tw-day event has grwn t becme an essential element f the L.A. cultural scene.
Imaginarium Bk Festival
Dates: May 20-21
Price: Free, but VIP tickets fr early entry t signing rms ($45), tickets fr the brunch ($50)
It celebrates all things abut fantasy and science fictin. In additin t panels where authrs will answer yur questins, yu’ll get t meet and acquire signed bks frm yur favrite authrs and have the ptin f brunching with them at the csmic (宇宙的) brunch buffet.
1. In which literary festival can yu catch a shw?
A. Summer Wrds.
B. Bk Bnanza.
C. Ls Angeles Times Festival f Bks.
D. Imaginarium Bk Festival.
2. What is special abut Bk Bnanza?
A. Its prfits g t charity.
B. It’s meant fr wmen and children.
C. It desn’t charge admissin fee.
D. It features wrkshps fr ntable writers.
3. What can yu d in Imaginarium Bk Festival?
A. Get an authr-signed phtgraph.
B. Dine with yur admiring writers.
C. Interact with science fictin supermen.
D. Obtain ne-n-ne reading training.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个美国各地的文学节。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ls Angeles Times Festival f Bks标题下“It is a massive celebratin f bks and the bkish cmmunity, with bk signings, panel discussins with distinguished prfessrs and experts, art perfrmances and bk giveaways.”（这是一场对书籍和书香社区的盛大庆祝，包括签售会、与知名教授和专家的小组讨论、艺术表演和赠书。）可知，在Ls Angeles Times Festival f Bks你可以看演出。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Bk Bnanza标题下“All prceeds are dnated t charitable causes, including thse that benefit wmen and children.”（所有收益都捐赠给慈善事业，包括造福妇女和儿童的事业。）可知，Bk Bnanza的特别之处是它的受益会捐赠给慈善。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Imaginarium Bk Festival标题下“In additin t panels where authrs will answer yur questins, yu’ll get t meet and acquire signed bks frm yur favrite authrs and have the ptin f brunching with them at the csmic (宇宙的) brunch buffet.”（除了作家们会回答你的问题之外，你还可以见到你最喜欢的作家，并获得他们的签名书，还可以选择在宇宙早午餐自助餐厅与他们共进午餐。）可知，在 Imaginarium Bk Festival你可以和你欣赏的作家一起吃饭。故选B项。
B
In a vide submitted t a natinwide science cmpetitin, Heman Bekele frm Virginia spelled ut his missin briefly — cure cancer, ne bar f sap at a time. He created a cheap sap that culd ptentially help fight skin cancer. His inventin wn him the title f “America’s Tp Yung Scientist” at the 3M Yung Scientist Challenge, an annual cmpetitin that invites students in grades five thrugh eight t “change their wrld fr the better with a single innvative idea”, n Octber 10, 2023.
At age 4, Heman mved t America frm Ethipia, where he always saw peple cnstantly wrking under the ht sun. While he cnsidered ideas fr the cmpetitin, it struck him that s many peple in his hmetwn were unaware f the risk f sun expsure. The recllectins fueled his decisin t fcus his research n skin cancer.
“I hped t make my idea smething that nt nly was great in terms f science but als culd be affrdable fr as many peple as pssible,” Heman said. As he initially thught abut his apprach, Heman wanted his prduct t be smething as much f a “cnstant” in peple’s life as pssible, an item that was mst cnvenient in cntrast t ther medicinal prducts.
In June 2023, he was selected as a tp-ten finalist and paired with 3M prduct engineering specialist Debrah Isabelle t develp and test a physical prttype (原型) f his idea. It tk the pair fur mnths f trial and errr t create “Skin Cancer Treating Sap” (SCTS). The bar cntains chemicals that restre the bdy’s dendritic cells killed by cancer cells. Once recnstructed, dendritic cells, the bdy’s first line f defense against cancer and infectins, are capable f fighting against cancer cells. SCTS, which csts just 50 cents a bar, still has t underg clinical trials. The prcess culd take ver five years.
Heman’s plan fr the sap stretches far beynd the winning. He has a five-year plan, which includes seeking apprval frm the Fd and Drug Administratin. He als hpes t start a nnprfit t distribute the sap in the future. “There is still a lt left t d,” the 14-year-ld teenager said.
4. What inspired Heman’s idea fr the inventin?
A. Flk tales. B. Childhd memries.
C. Wrking experiences.D. Medical bservatins.
5. In which aspect did Heman want his prduct t differ frm ther treatments?
A. Accessibility.B. Functin.C. Security.D. Effectiveness.
6. Hw des SCTS wrk?
A. It minimizes slar radiatin.B. It kills cancer cells directly.
C. It reactivates destryed cells.D. It remves viruses frm the skin.
7. Which f the fllwing best describes Heman accrding t the last paragraph?
A. Industrius and sciable. B. Ambitius and caring.
C. Intelligent and cmpetitive.D. Sensitive and cnservative.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Heman Bekele发明了一种可能有助于对抗皮肤癌的廉价肥皂，文章介绍了其灵感来源以及这种肥皂的工作原理。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“At age 4, Heman mved t America frm Ethipia, where he always saw peple cnstantly wrking under the ht sun. While he cnsidered ideas fr the cmpetitin, it struck him that s many peple in his hmetwn were unaware f the risk f sun expsure. The recllectins fueled his decisin t fcus his research n skin cancer.(4岁时，赫曼从埃塞俄比亚搬到了美国，在那里，他总是看到人们在烈日下不停地工作。当他考虑比赛的想法时，他突然意识到家乡有这么多人没有意识到阳光照射的风险。这些回忆促使他决定将研究重点放在皮肤癌上)”可知，童年记忆激发了赫曼的发明灵感。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““I hped t make my idea smething that nt nly was great in terms f science but als culd be affrdable fr as many peple as pssible,” Heman said. As he initially thught abut his apprach, Heman wanted his prduct t be smething as much f a “cnstant” in peple’s life as pssible, an item that was mst cnvenient in cntrast t ther medicinal prducts.(赫曼说：“我希望我的想法不仅在科学上是伟大的，而且可以让尽可能多的人负担得起。”当他最初考虑他的方法时，赫曼希望他的产品尽可能成为人们生活中的“常备品”，一种与其他药品相比最方便的产品)”可知，赫曼希望他的产品在可获得性不同于其他疗法。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It tk the pair fur mnths f trial and errr t create “Skin Cancer Treating Sap” (SCTS). The bar cntains chemicals that restre the bdy’s dendritic cells killed by cancer cells.(这对搭档花了四个月的时间反复试验，创造出了“皮肤癌治疗皂”（SCTS）。这种东西含有的化学物质可以恢复被癌细胞杀死的树突状细胞)”可知，SCTS通过重新激活被破坏的细胞而起作用。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Heman’s plan fr the sap stretches far beynd the winning. He has a five-year plan, which includes seeking apprval frm the Fd and Drug Administratin. He als hpes t start a nnprfit t distribute the sap in the future.(赫曼对肥皂的计划远不止获胜。他有一个五年计划，其中包括寻求食品和药物管理局的批准。他还希望在未来成立一个非营利组织来分发这种肥皂)”可推知，赫曼雄心勃勃，有爱心。故选B。
C
Andrea Lankfrd quit her jb after spending 12 years as a Natinal Park Service frester specializing in search and rescue missins in scenic and remte American landscapes. Hwever, decades later, three yung hikers went missing n the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT). She fund herself unable t turn away frm the three separate cases despite challenges in the inquiry int them.
Trail f the Lst was her answer.
It’s an absrbing nnfictin narrative (叙事) abut the three hikers, including their lives and thse f the peple lking fr them. It als explres the histry f the PCT and the rich subculture, practices and even literature that surrund it and thse wh undertake the 2,650-mile jurney.
The bk is a rich multilayered narrative that wrks n three different levels. The first is the stry f each f the three hikers. Lankfrd ffers a bigraphy (传记) f each f the missing men and shws them thrugh the eyes f thse wh knew them well and thse wh jined the search.
Right underneath the narratives abut the three hikers are the stries f everyne lking fr them. Lankfrd played a rle in each search but she allwed friends, family and even strangers t ccupy center stage thrughut mst f the narrative. The stry lks at the rle f missing persn Facebk grups in the searches and hw crucial wrd f muth can be. Many warm-hearted individuals came frth and became instrumental in the searches r prvided valuable infrmatin. But Lankfrd als writes f the many wh lied fr n apparent reasn and cnfused the investigatins.
The narrative als shines a light n diverse aspects f the PCT. Lankfrd, wh has hiked the entire Appalachian Trail and was the first persn t muntain bike the 800-mile Arizna Trail, knws just hw the PCT is physically and mentally demanding. Besides, the bk explres threats frm muntain lins t peple with bad intentins wh dn’t bserve the PCT’s unspken mral rules, serving as a revelatin f the well-knwn, hidden r ignred dangers f the PCT.
Written with a clear, fast-paced, straightfrward style, Trail f the Lst is as full f hpe and humanity as it is packed with pain, srrw, danger and tensin. Read it and yu’ll find mre than yu seek.
8. What led Lankfrd t write Trail f the Lst?
A. Her lve fr her prir career.
B. Her strng attachment t the PCT.
C. The stress frm the missing families.
D. Her investigatin int hikers’ disappearance.
9. What is presented n the secnd level f the bk?
A. Effrts by different peple in searches.
B. A string f wilderness survival tips.
C. Appraches t infrmatin classificatin.
D. Respective stries f the three hikers.
10. What’s the purpse f mentining Lankfrd’s previus adventures?
A. T prmte her bk.
B. T make her a celebrity.
C. T mtivate hikers t challenge themselves.
D. T stress the difficulty f hiking the PCT.
11. What can we say abut the bk?
A. It targets single yuth.
B. It’s a rmantic nvel.
C. It’s based n actual events.
D. It’s a detailed accunt f a jurney.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了安德里亚·兰克福德撰写的故事《迷失之路》的相关信息。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“She fund herself unable t turn away frm the three separate cases despite challenges in the inquiry int them.”（她发现自己无法回避这三个独立的案件，尽管对它们的调查面临挑战。）和第二段“Trail f the Lstwas her answer.(《迷失之路》就是她的答案)”可知，兰克福德写《迷失之路》的原因是她对徒步旅行者失踪案的调查。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Right underneath the narratives abut the three hikers are the stries f everyne lking fr them.”（在这三个徒步旅行者的故事背后，是每个人寻找他们的故事。）可知，作者除了在讲这三个徒步旅行者的故事，书的第二层还呈现了不同人在搜索中的努力。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“The narrative als shines a light n diverse aspects f the PCT. Lankfrd, wh has hiked the entire Appalachian Trail and was the first persn t muntain bike the 800-mile Arizna Trail, knws just hw the PCT is physically and mentally demanding. Besides, the bk explres threats frm muntain lins t peple with bad intentins wh dn’t bserve the PCT’s unspken mral rules, serving as a revelatin f the well-knwn, hidden r ignred dangers f the PCT.”（兰克福德徒步走过了整个阿巴拉契亚山道，是第一个骑山地车穿越800英里的亚利桑那山道的人，他知道PCT对身体和精神的要求是多么高。此外，这本书还探讨了美洲狮对不遵守PCT潜规则的不心怀之人的威胁，揭示了PCT众所周知的、隐藏的或被忽视的危险。）可知，提到兰克福德之前的冒险目的是强调攀登PCT的困难。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“She fund herself unable t turn away frm the three separate cases despite challenges in the inquiry int them.”（她发现自己无法回避这三个独立的案件，尽管对它们的调查面临挑战。）和第四段“The bk is a rich multilayered narrative that wrks n three different levels. The first is the stry f each f the three hikers.”（这是一部引人入胜的非虚构故事，讲述了三位徒步旅行者的生活，包括他们的生活以及寻找他们的人的生活。）可知，这本书是根据真实事件改编的。故选C项。
D
D yu have a favrite sprt? Are yu passinate abut sewing r reading? Typically, yu engage in these activities simply because yu enjy them. Wuld yu be taken aback t knw the verjustificatin effect that when yu are rewarded fr yur belved activities, yur desire t participate in them diminishes?
Edward Deci, a psychlgy prfessr, cnducted a series f experiments, in ne f which Deci divided the participants int tw grups: ne was paid t cmplete a puzzle, and the ther was nt paid t. After mney was remved, the grup that was previusly paid t play shwed less mtivatin t cmplete the task than the grup that was never paid and nly did the puzzle fr enjyment. The utcme demnstrated the verjustificatin effect, which ccurs when an external stimulatin decreases a persn’s internal mtivatin t perfrm a behavir r engage in an activity.
Accrding t the self-determinatin thery, three cnditins are essential fr peple t feel internally mtivated and perfrm at their best: autnmy, freedm frm external restrictins; cmpetence, the need t feel capable, and relatedness, the need t feel cnnected with thers. In Deci’s experiment, mney acted as a tie, which reduced participants’ autnmy, a crucial cmpnent f internal mtivatin, discuraging them frm experiencing the freedm f external restrictins. The pressure t perfrm fr the mney lessened the pleasure and freedm felt by thse wh were ding the puzzle merely fr fun.
But if external stimulatin is tied t perfrmance, the verjustificatin effect is less influential. Fr example, being rewarded fr studying is unlikely t decrease internal mtivatin because the grade depends upn actually ding well rather than just ging thrugh the mtins.
While the verjustificatin effect can reduce mtivatin, sme strategies can lwer its impact. One is t fcus n prviding feedback and recgnitin rather than cncrete rewards. Fr instance, praising an individual’s effrt r acknwledging their accmplishments can maintain their internal mtivatin. Additinally, allwing individuals t have autnmy and cntrl ver their tasks als wrks. By giving them the freedm t chse hw they cmplete tasks, individuals are mre likely t be internally mtivated and experience a greater sense f satisfactin and engagement.
12. What des the underlined wrd “diminishes” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Remains.B. Weakens.C. Ceases.D. Slidifies.
13. Hw did Deci prve the verjustificatin effect in the experiment?
A. By interpreting a cncept.
B. By presenting an argument.
C. By making a cmparisn.
D. By describing a phenmenn.
14. What is mainly illustrated in paragraph 3?
A. The skills needed fr a puzzle.
B. The cre elements f inner drives.
C. The impact f autnmy n cmpetence.
D. The theretical basis fr the verjustificatin effect.
15. Which serves as an example f preventing the verjustificatin effect?
A. Speaking highly f a pupil’s hard wrk.
B. Rewarding a kid with candy fr playing the vilin.
C. Offering a clerk financial bnuses fr daily rutines.
D. Prmising an emplyee a decent psitin fr ding his duty.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。通过实验证明了过度合理化效应。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The utcme demnstrated the verjustificatin effect, which ccurs when an external stimulatin decreases a persn’s internal mtivatin t perfrm a behavir r engage in an activity.(研究结果表明，当外部刺激降低了一个人进行行为或参与活动的内在动机时，就会出现过度合理化效应)”可知，此处介绍过度合理化效应，指的是当你因为你热爱的活动而得到奖励时，你参与其中的欲望会减弱，diminish与weaken“减弱”之间为近义词，故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“After mney was remved, the grup that was previusly paid t play shwed less mtivatin t cmplete the task than the grup that was never paid and nly did the puzzle fr enjyment.(在钱被拿走后，之前被付钱玩的一组比从未被付钱只为享受而玩拼图的一组表现出更少的动力来完成任务)”可知，Deci是通过把实验人员分成两组后进行对比以证明过度合理化效应的，故选C项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Accrding t the self-determinatin thery, three cnditins are essential fr peple t feel internally mtivated and perfrm at their best: autnmy, freedm frm external restrictins; cmpetence, the need t feel capable, and relatedness, the need t feel cnnected with thers.(根据自决理论，三个条件对人们感到内在动力并发挥最佳表现至关重要：自主、不受外部限制；能力，感觉有能力的需要，以及相关性，感觉与他人有联系的需要)”可知，本段主要介绍的是过度合理化效应的理论基础，故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While the verjustificatin effect can reduce mtivatin, sme strategies can lwer its impact. One is t fcus n prviding feedback and recgnitin rather than cncrete rewards. Fr instance, praising an individual’s effrt r acknwledging their accmplishments can maintain their internal mtivatin.(虽然过度合理化效应会降低动机，但一些策略会降低其影响。一种是专注于提供反馈和认可，而不是具体的奖励。例如，赞扬一个人的努力或承认他们的成就可以保持他们的内在动机)”可知，A项“高度评价一个学生的勤奋学习”可以预防过度合理化效应，故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Culture shck is the experience that ften accmpanies mving t an unfamiliar place. It culd be marked by feeling lst, anxius r hesitant. ____16____ Yu’ll becme accustmed t the same things that initially “shcked” yu! Read n fr tips fr vercming culture shck in a shrt time.
When deciding t visit an entirely new place, dn’t expect the traditins and cultures fllwed by yur current hme t be fllwed by the new land. ____17____ S keep yur expectatins lw.
Even thugh it is an unfamiliar envirnment hsting different cultures and traditins frm the ne yu’re used t, it’s vital t braden yur mind and be willing t try new things. Dn’t be quick t frm discriminatry judgments just because it is “dd”. Have a g at smething different, like a fd r clthing — different isn’t necessarily bad. ____18____
Scial psychlgists claim that lack f infrmatin is the biggest cntributr t prejudices. Talk t the lcal ppulatin and ask them abut hw their culture wrks instead f assuming the wrst. ____19____ Plus, yu’ll make sme friends wh can ease yur transfrmatin.
Keep yurself pen-minded, await new experiences and familiarize yurself with the cnduct f the peple. ____20____ G ut there and have fun!
A. Integrity breaks dwn barriers.
B. Yu can gain insight int yur surrundings.
C. Culture shck will eventually disappear, thugh.
D. Every city r cuntry has its wn values and beliefs.
E. Never d yu knw where yu might find an interest.
F. Cnsequently, such memries are what yu shuld treasure.
G. As lng as yu stick t that, yu’ll sn adjust t the new culture.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. E 19. B 20. G
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了短时间内克服文化冲击的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Culture shck is the experience that ften accmpanies mving t an unfamiliar place. It culd be marked by feeling lst, anxius r hesitant.(文化冲击是指移居到一个不熟悉的地方所带来的体验。它的特点可能是感到失落、焦虑或犹豫)”以及后文“Yu’ll becme accustmed t the same things that initially “shcked” yu!(你会习惯最初“震惊”你的同样的事情)”可知，后文提到了会习惯文化冲击，说明文化冲击最终会消失。故C选项“文化冲击最终会消失”符合语境，故选C。
【17题详解】
根据上文“When deciding t visit an entirely new place, dn’t expect the traditins and cultures fllwed by yur current hme t be fllwed by the new land.(当你决定去一个全新的地方旅游时，不要指望你现在的家乡所遵循的传统和文化会被新的地方所遵循)”可知，上文提到了新的地方有新的传统和文化，故本句承接上文说明每个地方文化方面的不同。故D选项“每个城市或国家都有自己的价值观和信仰”符合语境，故选D。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Even thugh it is an unfamiliar envirnment hsting different cultures and traditins frm the ne yu’re used t, it’s vital t braden yur mind and be willing t try new things. Dn’t be quick t frm discriminatry judgments just because it is “dd”. Have a g at smething different, like a fd r clthing — different isn’t necessarily bad.(即使这是一个陌生的环境，与你所习惯的环境有着不同的文化和传统，拓宽你的思维，愿意尝试新事物也是至关重要的。不要因为它“奇怪”就迅速形成歧视性的判断。尝试一些不同的东西，比如食物或衣服——不同并不一定是坏事)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，承接上文说明尝试新事物的原因。故E选项“你永远不知道你会在哪里找到兴趣”符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Scial psychlgists claim that lack f infrmatin is the biggest cntributr t prejudices. Talk t the lcal ppulatin and ask them abut hw their culture wrks instead f assuming the wrst.(社会心理学家声称，缺乏信息是造成偏见的最大原因。与当地人交谈，询问他们的文化是如何运作的，而不是假设最坏的情况)”可知，本句承接上文说明与当地人交谈所带来的好处。故B选项“你可以洞察周围的环境”符合语境，故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Keep yurself pen-minded, await new experiences and familiarize yurself with the cnduct f the peple.(保持开放的心态，等待新的经历，熟悉人们的行为)”可知，本句承接上文，说明上文一系列的行为的影响。故G选项“只要你坚持下去，你很快就会适应新的文化”符合语境，故选G。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Leigh Ann Sndrup, a devted nurse at Valleywise, earned the title f a her after a remarkable ff-duty rescue.
The extrardinary chain f events unflded as Sndrup was heading hme frm ____21____ ne mrning. Having just cmpleted her furth straight night shift, she was ____22____. Driving n State Rute 143 near Sky Harbr, Sndrup suddenly nticed a hrrible situatin in the distance. As she ____23____, she fund a cncrete truck had verturned, with a man ____24____ inside.
Emergency first respnders had nt yet made it t the ____25____. Despite her tiredness, Sndrup didn’t ____26____ t make a decisin t intervene.
She ____27____ her car. N ther cars were mving n the rad, ____28____ her t safely walk acrss the usually busy highway. She gt clser t the truck and then quickly ____29____ the situatin. She discvered the driver was still cnscius, but severely injured and lsing _____30_____ at an alarming rate. Every secnd cunted. She _____31_____ crawled (爬) underneath the verturned truck. In a display f resurcefulness, she _____32_____ the man’s belt t stp the bleeding.
Mnths later, the man wh had suffered a life-threatening injury reached ut t Sndrup t express his gratitude fr a secnd _____33_____ at life. The Phenix Fire Department recgnized Sndrup fr her _____34_____ actins. When interviewed, Sndrup said she maintained a strng _____35_____ that everyne serves a purpse in life and that she was glad t have dne her part when duty called.
21. A. exerciseB. wrkC. vacatinD. schl
22. A. high-spiritedB. cut-ffC. wrn-utD. heart-brken
23. A. awkeB. wanderedC. departedD. apprached
24. A. trappedB. transprtedC. questinedD. laid
25. A. fficeB. sceneC. hspitalD. base
26. A. cntinueB. attemptC. fferD. hesitate
27. A. held ntB. warmed upC. pulled verD. backed up
28. A. frcingB. allwingC. remindingD. requiring
29. A. cntrlledB. picturedC. assessedD. revealed
30. A. bldB. heartC. balanceD. strength
31. A. accidentallyB. secretlyC. curiuslyD. quickly
32. A. markedB. emplyedC. swungD. fetched
33. A. encunterB. chiceC. lessnD. chance
34. A. curageusB. ptimisticC. amusingD. effrtless
35. A. assumptinB. prpsalC. beliefD. character
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了护士利·安·桑德拉普在下班途中遇到交通事故，她选择去救助受伤的司机，并获得表彰的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，当桑德鲁普下班回家的时候，一连串不同寻常的事件发生了。A. exercise练习；B. wrk工作；C. vacatin假期；D. schl学校。根据后文“Having just cmpleted her furth straight night shift”可知，她刚连续上完第四个夜班，说明她刚工作完下班了。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她刚连续上完第四个夜班，已经筋疲力尽了。A. high-spirited情绪高涨的；B. cut-ff中断的；C. wrn-ut疲惫的；D. heart-brken心碎的。根据前文“Having just cmpleted her furth straight night shift”可知，她刚连续上完第四个夜班，推断出她已经筋疲力尽了。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她走近时，发现一辆混凝土卡车翻了，一名男子被困在里面。A. awke醒来；B. wandered闲逛；C. departed分离；D. apprached走近。根据后文“she fund a cncrete truck had verturned, with a man ______ inside.”可知，桑德拉普走近才发现发现一辆混凝土卡车翻了，一名男子被困在里面。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她走近时，发现一辆混凝土卡车翻了，一名男子被困在里面。A. trapped困住；B. transprted运输；C. questined提问；D. laid躺。根据后文“She ________ crawled (爬) underneath the verturned truck.”可知，她迅速爬到翻倒的卡车下面。推断出司机被困在车里。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：紧急救援人员还没有到达现场。A. ffice办公室；B. scene现场；C. hspital医院；D. base基地。根据后文“N ther cars were mving n the rad”可知，路上没有行驶的车辆，推断出紧急救援人员还没有到达现场。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管很累，桑德拉普毫不犹豫地做出了干预的决定。A. cntinue继续；B. attempt尝试；C. ffer提供；D. hesitate犹豫。根据前文“Emergency first respnders had nt yet made it t the _______.”可知，由于紧急救援人员还没有到达现场，推断出她桑德拉普毫不犹豫地做出了干预的决定。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她把车停在路边。A. held nt持有；B. warmed up热身；C. pulled ver靠边停车；D. backed up堵塞。根据后文“She gt clser t the truck”可知，她是停车后走近了卡车。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：路上没有其他车辆行驶，这让她可以安全地走过通常繁忙的高速公路。A. frcing强迫；B. allwing允许；C. reminding提醒；D. requiring要求。根据前文“N ther cars were mving n the rad”可知，因为路上没有其他车辆行驶，这让她可以安全地走过通常繁忙的高速公路。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她走近卡车，然后迅速评估了一下情况。A. cntrlled控制；B. pictured描绘；C. assessed评估；D. revealed揭示。根据后文“She discvered the driver was still cnscius, but severely injured”可知，她发现司机仍有意识，但伤势严重，说明她走近卡车，迅速评估了一下情况。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她发现司机仍有意识，但伤势严重，失血速度惊人。A. bld血液；B. heart心脏；C. balance平衡；D. strength力量。根据前文“but severely injured”可知，司机伤势严重，推断出他失血速度惊人。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她迅速爬到翻倒的卡车下面。A. accidentally偶然地；B. secretly秘密地；C. curiusly好奇地；D. quickly快速地。根据前文“Every secnd cunted.”可知，救人的时候每一份分钟很重要，推断出她迅速爬到翻倒的卡车下面。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了显示她的机智，她使用那个男人的腰带给他止血。A. marked做标记；B. emplyed使用；C. swung摇摆；D. fetched取。根据前文“lsing ________ at an alarming rate”可知，司机失血严重，说明她使用那个男人的腰带给他止血。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，这名遭受了危及生命的伤害的男子找到了桑德鲁普，表达了他对第二次生命机会的感激之情。A. encunter偶遇；B. chice选择；C. lessn教训；D. chance机会。根据前文“she ________ the man’s belt t stp the bleeding.”可知，她使用那个男人的腰带给他止血，推断出男人感谢她给了他第二次活着的机会。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：凤凰城消防局表彰了桑德拉普的勇敢行为。A. curageus勇敢的；B. ptimistic乐观的；C. amusing有趣的；D. effrtless毫不费力的。根据前文“Mnths later, the man wh had suffered a life-threatening injury reached ut t Sndrup t express his gratitude fr a secnd _______ at life.”可知，桑德拉普给了这个司机第二次生命，推断出她因为自己勇敢的行为得到表彰。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接受采访时，桑德拉普说，她坚信每个人都有自己的人生目标，她很高兴在责任召唤时尽了自己的一份力量。A. assumptin假设；B. prpsal建议；C. belief信念；D. character性格。根据后文“everyne serves a purpse in life”可知，每个人都有自己的人生目标是她的一种信念。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Acupuncture (针灸), an ancient Chinese medical practice, has given cuntless patients ____36____ (relieve) f suffering and pain fr thusands f years.
____37____ treatment aims t prmte the bdy’s self-regulating functins. Evlving frm the discvery ____38____ using stne needles t stick specific pints int the skin and underlying tissues culd ease pain, acupuncture has becme an essential part f traditinal Chinese medicine, the philsphical cncepts f ____39____ emphasize balance f bdily functins and verall physilgical well-being. Acupuncture is als in line with the philsphy that prmtes the ____40____ (harmny) cexistence f humans with nature.
In the bk Recrds f the Grand Histrian, which Sima Qian ____41____ (write) abut 2,100 years ag, Bian Que, a ____42____ (true) skilled physician during the Warring States Perid, was well knwn fr having saved a prince ____43____ “death” by using needles t stimulate the Baihui acupint (穴位) n the head f the uncnscius man.
Over the years, acupuncture ____44____ (see) many advancements in scientific research and becme a glbal and mainstream alternative treatment fr varius illnesses. Accrding t a WHO reprt _____45_____ (issue) in 2019, acupuncture is widely used in 113 f its 120 member cuntries, illustrating its increasing recgnitin and applicatin.
【答案】36. relief 37. The 38. that 39. which 40. harmnius 41. wrte
42. truly 43. frm 44. has seen 45. issued
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的针灸疗法的历史以及哲学概念。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：针灸，一种古老的中国医学实践，几千年来已经给无数病人减轻了痛苦和苦难。作动词give的宾语，应用名词relief，不可数。故填relief。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这种疗法旨在促进身体的自我调节功能。此处特指针灸疗法应用定冠词the，首字母大写。故填The。
【38题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：人们发现使用石针将特定的穴位插入皮肤和皮下组织可以缓解疼痛，针灸由此演变而来，已成为传统中医的重要组成部分，中医的哲学概念强调身体功能的平衡和整体生理健康。引导同位语从句，说明discvery的内容，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导。故填that。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：人们发现使用石针将特定的穴位插入皮肤和皮下组织可以缓解疼痛，针灸由此演变而来，已成为传统中医的重要组成部分，中医的哲学概念强调身体功能的平衡和整体生理健康。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句，修饰先行词traditinal Chinese medicine，作介词的宾语，指物，故填which。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：针灸也符合促进人与自然和谐共处的哲学。修饰名词cexistence应用形容词harmnius，故填harmnius。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意：在大约2100年前司马迁所著的《史记》中，战国时期的一位真正的医术高明的医生班鹊，曾用针刺激昏迷不醒的人头上的百会穴，使他免于“死亡”。根据后文abut 2,100 years ag可知发生在过去，定语从句时态用一般过去时，空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，用过去式。故填wrte。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：在大约2100年前司马迁所著的《史记》中，战国时期的一位真正的医术高明的医生班鹊，曾用针刺激昏迷不醒的人头上的百会穴，使他免于“死亡”。修饰形容词skilled应用副词truly，故填truly。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：在大约2100年前司马迁所著的《史记》中，战国时期的一位真正的医术高明的医生班鹊，曾用针刺激昏迷不醒的人头上的百会穴，使他免于“死亡”。短语save…frm…表示“免于……”。故填frm。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：多年来，针灸在科学研究方面取得了许多进展，并成为全球主流的治疗各种疾病的替代疗法。根据上文Over the years可知句子时态为现在完成时，主语为acupuncture，助动词用has。故填has seen。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据世卫组织2019年发布的一份报告，针灸在其120个成员国中的113个国家得到广泛应用，表明针灸得到越来越多的认可和应用。分析句子结构可知，句中含有谓语动词is used，空格处填入非谓语动词，issue与逻辑主语reprt构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填issued。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，留学生朋友Peter借给你一本英文名著《飘》(Gne with the Wind)，可是你不小心损坏了。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示道歉；
2.解释损坏原因；
3.提出补救办法。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
I’m writing t express my sincere aplgy fr the accidental damage t the English classic Gne with the Wind yu kindly lent me.
Yesterday evening I was absrbed in the bk when I carelessly kncked dwn the cup, the ht water puring ver the bk. I was upset that the whle bk was in bad shape. Knwing hw precius the bk is t yu, I’m terribly srry fr any incnvenience caused.
I expect t make it up t yu by replacing the bk with a new cpy. I’ve purchased ne nline, which will be sent t yu in 3 days. I hpe this unfrtunate incident wn’t affect ur friendship. Please accept my heartfelt aplgy.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Ever since Jake first watched the 1988 Olympics held in Seul, Suth Krea, he had dreamed f being in the Olympics. Fr years, he had wrked hard t becme a gd swimmer, training and practicing. Tw decades later, he was in Beijing, China, fr his first Olympic perfrmance, as part f his cuntry’s swimming team!
The Olympic Stadium was packed with athletes frm all ver the wrld, all eagerly awaiting the start f the pening parade (入场式). The atmsphere was electric and everything seemed perfect. Almst.
Jake lved his red, white and blue fficial Olympic jacket with the Olympic rings n the back. But several minutes befre, Jake had trn a hle in the left sleeve (袖子) f his jacket when it gt caught in a gate.
“T bad abut yur jacket,” his teammate, Ben, cmmented.
“I hpe nbdy ntices it,” Jake sighed.
“Smene will,” Ben laughed.
Jake didn’t respnd as he was already feeling annyed and depressed after having t deal with his lst suitcase when they landed at the airprt the day befre. He culd nt believe hw things were nt ging his way.
Suddenly, a lvely little girl abut 8 years ld came up t Jake and pinted at the tear in his sleeve. Jake smiled at her. The girl started speaking in a language he culdn’t understand, all the while pinting at his trn sleeve. Unable t catch a wrd, Jake turned t his teammates fr help but all f them shk their heads with a helpless expressin. At that mment, the little girl began t take ff her wn jacket that was marked with a red English wrd “China” and lked up at Jake eagerly, signing t Jake t d s.
“Oh, I get it. Yu want t try it n. Here yu g!” Jake slipped ff the jacket and handed it t her. The Chinese girl tk it, bwed and tk ff with his jacket right away!
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Can’t she be a little thief?” Ben jked, pinting at her back.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jake turned arund, nly t see the little girl cming.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
“Can’t she be a little thief?” Ben jked, pinting at her back. His wrds suddenly made Jake awake t smething wrng. Withut delay, Jake rushed int the crwd, desperate t catch up with the girl. But she quickly disappeared frm view. Frustratin and anger welled up inside him when he realized he might lse his precius jacket. But Jake had t stand back with his team, waiting fr the parade t start. Nticing his depressin, Ben patted him n the shulder, saying gently, “It’s kay. Yu’re with us.” Jake ndded, grateful fr the supprt frm his teammate. Just as Jake was starting t accept the fact that he’d march withut his jacket, he heard smene calling.
Jake turned arund, nly t see the little girl cming. In her hands was his jacket. With a sincere smile, the girl handed it t Jake and shwed him where his left sleeve used t be brken. What Jake saw left him speechless and wide-eyed: the big hle in the sleeve was skillfully replaced by a perfectly sewn pattern that well matched the sleeve. Guilty and grateful, Jake thanked the girl repeatedly. Sn, the music began and the parade started. Marching frward, Jake waved his left arm prudly t the excited audience, deeply tuched by Chinese peple’s kindness and cnsideratin.