中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（中考真题+名校最新模拟题）专题14 科学家同步练习（含答案）

这是一份中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（中考真题+名校最新模拟题）专题14 科学家同步练习（含答案），共19页。试卷主要包含了B．In 1973，B．In 1950等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题14 科学家
（2022·广东广州·中考真题）Charles Darwin
Early years
Charles Darwin was ne f the six children frm a big family. His grandfather and father were dctrs and the yung Darwin went t Edinburgh University t study medicine. Hwever, he hated t see bld and he sn realized that he culdn’t be a dctr. He then went t Cambridge University and discvered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, ne f Darwin’s university teachers helped him, jin the perfect trip fr a bilgist: a vyage arund the wrld t study nature.
The Beagle
In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymuth n The Beagle, a ship that tk him arund the wrld fr five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the cuntries and n the islands that the ship visited. Darwin als spent his time n The Beagle writing ntes abut the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting t create his famus thery that all living things had a cmmn ancestr (祖先).
Dwn huse
At hme at Dwn Huse, a place that yu can still visit tday, Darwin wrte many articles and bks abut his travels, but he didn’t want t make anything abut his thery knwn t the public. He wrked in his study, where he wrte 250,000 wrds abut his thery f evlutin (进化论), but he was frightened abut what peple might say abut his idea that mnkeys were the ancestrs f humans. He thught the public wuld be against it and was s frightened that he became ill with wrry. Hwever, when anther scientist started t write abut similar ideas, Darwin decided t print his bk, On the Origin f Species.
Mst scientists accepted Darwin’s thery and peple cntinue t study it tday. On 12th February, the day he was brn, Darwin Day is celebrated arund the wrld t encurage mre peple t study the natural wrld.
1．What caused Darwin t give up his study f medicine?
A．He didn’t like seeing bld.B．He fund the studies t difficult.
C．He was pushed t give up by his family.D．He was advised t study natural science.
2．Why was the trip n The Beagle imprtant t Darwin?
A．It helped him t finish his study at the university.
B．It allwed him t change his mind abut his future.
C．It gave him ideas abut the beginnings f human life.
D．It gt him t cmplete his mst famus bk n the ship.
3．In what rder did the fllwing happen in Darwin’s life?
a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836.
b. He thught the public wuld nt supprt his ideas.
c. He became interested in studying the natural wrld.
d. He printed his famus bk, On the Origin f Species.
e. He received help t get a place n a trip arund the wrld.
f. He studied the plants and animals n the islands he visited.
A．e→f→c→a→b→dB．c→e→f→a→b→dC．e→f→a→c→d→bD．c→e→f→d→a→b
4．Why did the writer include the last paragraph?
A．T intrduce Darwin’s famus bk.
B．T tell hw peple celebrate Darwin Day.
C．T explain why peple accept Darwin’s ideas.
D．T shw Darwin’s influence n natural science.
（2022·四川省射洪县射洪中学外国语实验学校一模）On May 22, 2021, the whle natin was saddened by the news that Chinese scientist Yuan Lngping died.
Dr. Yuan Lngping wrked mst f his life grwing better rice. As a result f his research, the Chinese peple are n lnger wrried abut getting starved. His great wrk als helped the wrld prduce mre and mre rice.
Yuan, brn n Sept. 7, 1930. After graduating (毕业) frm Suthwest Agriculture Cllege, he wrked as a teacher at an agriculture schl in Hunan.
Several natural disasters (天灾) hit China in the 1960s. Yuan, saw many peple die f hunger every day. Since then, he has researched hw t grw much better crps.
In 1964 , he happened t find a natural hybrid rice (杂交水稻) plant that had great advantages ver thers. Yuan was excited abut his discvery. He then began t study the parts f this unusual plant.
In 1973, he started t develp a type f hybrid rice species (种类). It prduced 20% mre rice per unit than cmmn nes. The seeding (种植) was very successful in the fllwing year. This prgress made China the wrld’s leader in rice prductin.
Mre than 50% f China’s ttal rice fields grw Yuan’s hybrid species. Peple call him the “Father f Hybrid Rice”.
Yuan nce said he had tw dreams — t “enjy the cl under the rice crps taller than men” and that hybrid rice culd be grwn all ver the wrld t help slve the fd prblem f the whle wrld.
5．What des the underlined wrd “starved” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?
A．挨饿B．受冻C．致贫D．开始
6．What can we learn abut Yuan Lngping accrding t the third paragraph?
A．He was brn int a scientist’s family.
B．He was nce a teacher at an agriculture schl.
C．He graduated frm Suthwest Agriculture Cllege in 1930.
D．He liked planting rice.
7．When did Yuan Lngping succeed in seeding hybrid rice?
A．In 1964.B．In 1973.C．In 1974.D．in 1967.
8．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the last three paragraphs?
A．Yuan’s hybrid rice can prvide all peple in the wrld with rice.
B．Yuan’s hybrid rice is grwn in all f China’s rice fields.
C．Yuan’s hybrid rice made China the wrld’s leader in rice prductin.
D．He started t develp Hybrid Rice in 1930.
9．What des the stry mainly talk abut?
A．The “Father f Hybrid Rice”.B．Hw t grw rice.
C．Different rice species.D．Chinese like eating rice.
（2022·宁夏·银川市回民中学一模）Hell, everyne! I’d like t tell yu smething abut a famus scientist named Qian Xuesen. He was brn in Hangzhu, Zhejiang Prvince n December 11, 1911. After he graduated frm Shanghai Jia Tng University in 1934, he gt a chance t study in USA．After he graduated, he became a teacher as well as a researcher wh studied rckets and missile theries (导弹理论).
When he was 44, he returned t his mtherland and the cuntry’s space research was almst a blank. In 1956, he set up the first research institute f rckets and missiles. He made such imprtant cntributins t the missile and space prgrams that he was hnred as “The Father f China’s Missiles”. The Chinese peple are prud f him.
He passed away n Octber 31, 2009 at the age f 98, but all the Chinese will remember him frever. His devtin t his cuntry was expressed in his saying, “My career is in China, my success is in China and my destinatin (终点) is in China! ” When smene said he culd make much mre mney if he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, “My family name is Qian, but I dn’t like qian. ” His spirit encurages us t lve ur cuntry and devte urselves t science.
10．When did Qian Xuesen return t his mtherland?
A．In 1955.B．In 1950.C．In 1948.D．In 1958.
11．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．He graduated frm Zhejiang University in 1933.
B．He gt a chance t study in England in 1934.
C．He set up the first research institute f rckets and missiles in 1956.
D．He passed away n December 31, 2009.
12．What des the underlined wrd “qian” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Family name.B．Given name.C．Mney.D．His hbby.
13．Why d peple respect Qian Xuesen?
A．Because he was brn in China.B．Because he was “The Father f China’s Missiles”.
C．Because he graduated frm Jia Tng University.D．Because he gt a chance t study in USA．
（2022·江西·南昌市湾里管理局模拟预测）Gitanjali Ra missed her first day f eighth grade in 2018. Instead f ging t schl, she was busy being interviewed n the Tnight Shw far away frm hme.
Why? Had she just wn a singing cmpetitin r was she a ppular TV star? Neither f these is crrect. In fact, Ra was a teen scientist. On the shw, she demnstrated an inventin t find lead（铅） in drinking water.
This helped slve the water prblem in Flint, Michigan, in 2017. Ra wn the title f “America’s Tp Yung Scientist”. She was als named t the Frbes 30 Under 30 List last year. Marvel—the famus cmic cmpany—even created a new superher, Genius Gitanjali, t celebrate her wrk n clean water.
S when did Ra realize that she has a strng interest in science? Ra’s lve fr science actually began when she was 10 years ld. The girl has always wanted t spread lve and kindness thrugh her inventins. Her mst recent prject is an app called Kindly. It uses AI t find cyberbullying（网络欺凌）, even if there is nly ne persn being saved. Nw, Ra’s list f hnrs has grwn even lnger. The 15-year-ld girl has been chsen frm mre than 5,000 nminees（被提名者）as Time Magazine’s first ever Kid f the Year. With this prize, Ra says her gal has nw changed frm creating new apps t helping slve the wrld’s prblems. She wants t encurage thers t d the same as well.
14．What did Gitanjali Ra d n the first day f eighth grade?
A．She tk mre classes than usual.
B．She tk part in a singing cmpetitin.
C．She fund lead in drinking water at schl.
D．She accepted an interview n the Tnight Shw.
15．What des the underlined wrd “demnstrated” mean?
A．Sld.B．Repaired.C．Shwed.D．Cmpleted.
16．What’s the writer’s pinin f Gitanjali Ra?
A．Gitanjali Ra has made her achievements by accident.
B．Gitanjali Ra sets an example wh is clever and helpful.
C．Gitanjali Ra was t yung t help slve the wrld’s prblems.
D．Gitanjali Ra was lucky t get the title f “America’s Tp Yung Scientist”.
（2022·天津河西·二模）At the age f 16, Einstein always played with a grup f mischievus (顽皮捣蛋的) kids. Because he was s busy playing, he didn’t study enugh and failed his final exam.
One mrning, when Einstein was hlding a fishing rd (钓鱼竿) and was abut t g fishing with his friends, his father stpped him and said calmly, “Einstein, yu spent s much time playing that yu failed yur exam. I’m wrried abut yur future.”
“What are yu wrried abut? Jack and Rbert als failed, but dn’t they still get t g fishing?”
“My by, yu can’t think like that,” his dad said. “There is a fable (寓言) that peple tell in ur hmetwn. I will tell it t yu nw.”
“There were tw cats playing n tp f a huse. One cat gt caught ff guard (措手不及) and fell dwn the chimney (烟囱) while hlding the ther cat. When the tw cats climbed ut f the chimney, ne f the cats had st (烟灰) n his face, while the ther cat’s face was clean. Seeing the dirty cat, the clean cat thught its wn face must be dirty, s it quickly ran t the river and washed its face. The dirty cat saw the clean cat and thught its wn face was als clean, s it just swaggered dwn the street.
“Einstein, n ne can be yur mirrr (镜子). Yu have t think fr yurself. If yu just d what everyne else des, yu will never learn.”
Hearing this, Einstein put dwn his fishing rd and returned t his rm. He decided t pay mre attentin t his studies and less attentin t what his friends were ding. This allwed him t be successful.
17．What was Einstein’s main prblem, accrding t his father?
A．He was nt gd at maths.B．He didn’t play ften enugh.
C．He played with mischievus kids.D．He didn’t take his final exam.
18．What d we knw frm the fable?
A．The dirty cat fell int the chimney first.B．The dirty cat washed its face clean.
C．The clean cat didn’t wash its face.D．Bth cats made the wrng decisin.
19．What des the underlined wrd “swaggered” mean?
A．Ran very quickly.B．Walked in a prud and cnfident way.
C．Felt flish.D．Laughed ludly.
20．What lessn did Einstein learn frm his father?
A．Friends are like a mirrr f urselves.B．The wise are ne step away frm being the fl.
C．Dn’t make a decisin accrding t thers.D．There are n easy ways t success.
21．Hw did Einstein feel at the end f the stry?
A．Angry abut what his father said.B．Srry abut what he did.
C．Excited abut fishing again.D．Disappinted by the fable.
（2022·广西·河池市宜州区教育局教学研究室二模）阅读以下短文，根据短文内容，从下面各小题所给的四个备选项中，选出最佳选项。
“I spent my whle life ding ne thing,” Gu Fangzhu nce said. Knwn as “the father f sugar pills (糖丸)”, Gu passed away at age 92 n January 2, 2019. Eight mnths later, he received a natinal hnrary title (荣誉称号) “the Peple’s Scientist” fr his pli (脊髓灰质炎) research.
Gu Fangzhu, a famus medical scientist, was brn in June, 1926. Gu’s family faced a difficult time with the sudden death f his father. He studied hard and finally entered Peking University as a medical student in 1944. After graduatin, Gu made the decisin t wrk t help imprve public health.
In 1955, pli brke ut in Nantng, Jiangsu Prvince. It paralyzed (使瘫痪) 1,680 peple, mstly children aged belw seven. It spread t neighbring areas and resulted in 466 deaths. Gu was asked t lead pli research in 1957. “At that time the nly way t prevent pli was t invent a vaccine (疫苗),” said Gu.
In 1959 Gu succeeded in develping the first pli live vaccine. Later, he develped the “sugar-cated pill” vaccine in the early 1960s. It nt nly tasted better but was mre affrdable and easier t keep. In rder t test the vaccine, Gu himself tried the vaccine and later his ne-mnth-ld sn was vaccinated. This inspired his team t vaccinate their kids. They became the first grup f peple in China t try a pli vaccine. “If we dn’t believe in what we prduce, hw can thers believe in it?” said Gu.
Gradually, the sugar-cated pli vaccine was made available in China. It saved millins f peple, especially kids, frm being disabled. In 2000, the Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO) annunced that China was already a pli-free cuntry. “We feel satisfied. I can tell peple that I tried my best, and yur kids will n lnger get pli,” said Gu. “That’s all we hped fr.”
22．The right rder f the fllwing events is ________.
①Gu Fangzhu became “the Peple’s Scientist”
②Gu Fangzhu was asked t lead pli research
③Gu Fangzhu went t university
④Gu Fangzhu lst his father
A．④③①②B．③④①②C．③④②①D．④③②①
23．Gu Fangzhu entered Peking University at the age f ________.
A．15B．16C．18D．20
24．In 1955________ persns died f pli.
A．466B．1959C．1680D．1960
25．________ was the first persn t try the pli vaccine in China.
A．Gu Fangzhu’s snB．Gu Fangzhu himself
C．Gu Fangzhu’s partnerD．Gu Fangzhu’s partner’s kid
26．The best title fr the passage is ________.
A．A Great Medical ScientistB．An Imprtant Medical Inventin
C．The Hard Wrk f Preventing PliD．Sme Facts Abut the Pli Vaccine
（2022·山东临沂·三模）Fr the past 20 years, the Tuching China annual peple award has hnred peple frm all walks f life acrss the cuntry. They are peple wh warm ur hearts with their actins. On March 3 2022, the 2021 Tuching China Award ceremny aired n CCTV. Ten inspiratinal rle mdels were n the list, Yang Zhenning is ne f them. When mentining the greatest theretical physicists in the wrld, Yang Zhenning is a name never t be frgtten.
Yang was brn n September 22, 1922, in Hefei Anhui, China, and grew up in the peaceful and academical atmsphere f the campus f Tsinghua University. Frm a yung age he had an interest in physics. At the age f 12, Yang shwed his great ambitin t win a Nbel Prize after being attracted by a bk abut the unknwns f the universe.
With this gal in mind, Yang studied hard. After getting a master’s degree in Tsinghua University in 1944, Yang gt the pprtunity t further his studies in the United States. There he met anther Chinese student, Tsung-da Lee (李政道), wh shared the same interests, and they ften discussed the physics issues tgether.
In 1957, the tw jintly prpsed the thery f parity nn-cnservatin in weak interactins (弱相互作用中宇称不守恒), which made a great cntributin t high-energy physics. Once the thery was put frward, it immediately caused a sensatin (轰动) in the physics cmmunity. Mnths later, the tw wn the Nbel Prize in Physics. It let ther Chinese peple knw that Chinese scientists culd stand ut in the glbal science cmmunity and be n the glbal frntier (前沿) t cmpete with their peers.
At the Nbel Banquet, Yang als expressed his pride, saying, “I am as prud f my Chinese heritage and backgrund as I am devted t mdern science, a part f human civilizatin f Western rigin.” N matter where he has been, Yang Zhenning has always had his mtherland in mind.
Hwever, the frzen Sin-US relatinship prevented Chinese scientists wh btained (获得) dctral degrees frm the US like Yang frm returning t China. In 1971, Yang finally gt the chance t return t China fr a visit. Later, t supprt dmestic educatin, Yang sld a mansin in the US, dnating all the mney t Tsinghua University. In 2003, Yang returned t China and als taught at Tsinghua. Under his influence, many verseas Chinese als returned t China t make cntributins, such as Turing Award winner Ya Qizhi, physicist Wu Xiagang, mathematician Zhang Shuwu.
27．Which f the fllwing statements is wrng?
A．Yang Zhenning knew Tsung-da Lee in Tsinghua University and gt the Nbel Prize tgether.
B．Yang Zhenning takes pride in wning Chinese backgrund.
C．Yang Zhenning culdn’t return his mtherland because f the Sin-US relatinship.
28．What des the underlined wrd mean?
A．站出来B．表现C．站起来
29．What’s the best title fr this article?
A．Yang Zhenning’s lve t his cuntry.
B．Yang Zhenning’s influence.
C．Yang Zhenning-ne f the 2021 Tuching China annual peple.
30．Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage? (P1=Paragraph 1)
A．B．C．
（2022·江苏苏州·一模）Dr. Jane Gdall is ne f the mst famus primatlgists (灵长类动物学家) in the wrld. Her lve f animals and Africa began when she was little. At 26, Gdall travelled by bat t Tanzania, in Africa. While she was there, she made ne f the greatest discveries in the animal wrld.
During her time in the Tanzanian jungle (丛林), Gdall used a methd different frm that f ther primatlgists. Instead f numbering the chimpanzees (黑猩猩) she was studying, she gave them names and began t earn their trust, creating a cnnectin and then being accepted by the animals as a member f the grup. Nt nly did Gdall prve the idea that chimpanzees are vegetarians wrng—she saw them eating meat in 1961—but she als fund that it’s nt nly humans wh make and use tls. Gddall watched as tw chimps, named David Greybeard and Gliath, used sticks t fish fr insects. She strngly believed, and finally prved, that chimpanzees have feelings and persnalities—just like we d.
In 1977, she set up the Jane Gdall Institute fr Wildlife Research, Educatin and Cnservatin. It’s a charity that wrks t prtect chimpanzees. In 1991, Gdall and 16 Tanzanian students set up Rts & Shts, which she describes as a “prgramme fr yung peple in which they decide n prjects t imprve the wrld fr peple, animals and the envirnment.” Tens f thusands f yung peple acrss nearly 100 cuntries have been part f Rts & Shts.
Gdall has written several bks and appeared in lts f wildlife dcumentaries t spread her message f prtecting chimpanzees and the planet we share with them. She spends much f her year travelling arund the wrld. She speaks t many different peple t make them realize the danger chimpanzees face.
31．What can we learn abut Gdall accrding t the passage?
A．She was accepted int a chimpanzee cmmunity.
B．She studied chimpanzees t make herself famus.
C．She failed t prve that chimpanzees have feelings.
D．She started a charity called Rts & Shts in 1977.
32．What des the underlined wrd “vegetarians” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Thse that have persnalities.B．Thse that live in large grups.
C．Thse that live n vegetables.D．Thse that make and use tls.
33．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Rts & ShtsB．Studies n Chimpanzee
C．Far frm the crwdD．The Champin f Chimps
（2022·广东广州·一模）Isaac Newtn was brn n Christmas Day, 1642. Frm the very first Newtn was very much interested in the mysteries f nature. Why did bjects mve? Why culd we see that stnes rlled dwn hills, wind blew leaves alng the grund, and heavy bjects fell t the earth when drpped?
At the age f twenty-three, Isaac Newtn mved frm Cambridge t his cuntry hme. There, his thughts turned t the prblems f mtin (运动定律). As Newtn himself later tld the stry, he was sitting in the garden ne evening, thinking, when he nticed a falling apple. The apple set him t wndering abut the mvement f falling bjects.
It ccurred t him that the frce which caused fruit t fall frm trees wrked as well at greater distances frm the center f the earth—n tp f buildings r even n tp f muntains. Perhaps, thught Newtn, this same frce reached ut much farther still, even t the mn. Newtn began t search fr a mathematical expressin f his idea.
In 1669, Newtn became a prfessr f mathematics at Cambridge. Three years later, he jined the Ryal Sciety. Befre lng, Newtn began again t study the prblems f mtin. At last, he seemed t have slved the main difficulties, but he did nt publish his findings at nce.
Only in 1687 did he at last publish his new thery. Newtn’s great wrk, The Mathematical Principles f Natural Philsphy, marked the success f the Scientific Revlutin. Newtn put the famus three laws f mtin in it. Newtn was sn recgnized as the leader f English science. In 1703, he became the president f the Ryal Sciety.
Science was never quite the same after Newtn’s discveries. N wnder that the eighteenth-century pet Ppe, lking back at Newtn’s wrk, wrte: Nature and Nature’s laws lay hid in night; Gd said, Let Newtn be!—And all was light.
Newtn, hwever, never rested n his fame (名望). He cntinued t wrk and study. In his last years, he nce said t a friend, “I d nt knw what I may appear t the wrld, but t myself I seem t have been nly like a by, playing n the seashre, and nw and then finding a smther pebble (鹅卵石) r a prettier shell, while the great cean f truth lay undiscvered befre me.”
34．Where did Newtn begin t turn t the prblems f mtin?
A．At hme.B．At Cambridge.C．Outside the garden.D．On tp f a building.
35．The underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 5 refers t ________.
A．the Ryal ScietyB．the success f the Scientific Revlutin
C．Newtn’s new theryD．The Mathematical Principles f Natural Philsphy
36．In what rder did the fllwing events happen t Newtn?
a. He became curius abut the mvement f falling bjects.
b. He published his new thery.
c. He jined the Ryal Sciety.
d. He shwed great interest in the mysteries f nature.
e. He was recgnized as the leader f English science.
A．d-a-c-b-eB．d-c-a-e-bC．a-d-c-e-bD．a-d-e-b-c
37．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Newtn acted like a little by.B．Newtn cntinued t wrk fr fame.
C．Newtn liked playing n the seashre.D．Newtn nly fcused n wrking and studying.
（2022·江西·模拟预测）We are familiar with telescpe nw. But d yu knw wh invented it? Many peple think it’s Galile. Is that the truth? Galile was a famus Italian scientist wh discvered Jupiter’s (木星的) fur largest mns in 1610. He lived frm 1564 t 1642. He did nt invent the telescpe that he used t see thse mns. In fact, he just made the telescpe better.
Hans Lippershey was a man frm Hlland wh made eyeglasses. He invented the telescpe in 1608 while making eyeglasses. He wanted t see things far away n land. S he put knwn technlgy and his imaginatin tgether and came up with the telescpe.
The Dutch gvernment tried t keep the inventin a secret, but it didn’t wrk that way. Galile heard abut it and built his wn. Galile’s telescpe was three times mre pwerful than Lippershey’s, and Galile gt the idea t turn it t the night sky. And in 1611, he made sure that Earth wasn’t the center f the universe. S Galile was the first t use a telescpe t watch the universe.
Galile is ften thught t have invented the telescpe because he made s many imprtant discveries with it. Besides, Galile invented many ther things, including the micrscpe. But the telescpe isn’t just his inventin.
38．Hw ld was Galile when he discvered Jupiter’s fur largest mns?
A．44B．46C．64D．78
39．What can we learn abut Lippershey frm the passage?
A．He was an Italian.B．He made eyeglasses.
C．He was afraid f Galile.D．He liked watching stars with a telescpe.
40．What can’t we call Galile accrding t the passage ?
A．a scientistB．an inventrC．an astrnautD．a physicist
41．Which f the fllwing is NOT mentined abut Galile?
A．He made many imprtant discveries with the telescpe.
B．He discvered Earth was nt the center f the universe.
C．He was the first t watch the night sky with a telescpe.
D．He was the first Italian man t wear eyeglasses.
参考答案：
1．A
2．C
3．B
4．D
【导语】
本文讲述达尔文早期的学习和旅行经历，讲述达尔文研究自然世界，并完成《物种起源》的经历。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“he hated t see bld and he sn realized that he culdn’t be a dctr”可知，达尔文讨厌看到血，所以放弃了学医。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Darwin als spent his time n The Beagle writing ntes abut the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting t create his famus thery that all living things had a cmmn ancestr”可知，达尔文在“小猎户号”船上的旅行，让他开始创造他有名的理论，他认为所有的生物都有一个共同的祖先。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals”可知，他对学习自然世界感兴趣。根据“ne f Darwin’s university teachers helped him, jin the perfect trip fr a bilgist: a vyage arund the wrld t study nature”可知，他得到帮助可以去环球航行。根据“he studied the plants and animals in the cuntries and n the islands that the ship visited”可知，他在岛上研究植物和动物。根据“When he finally arrived back in Britain”可知，他回到英国。根据“he was frightened abut what peple might say abut his idea that mnkeys were the ancestrs f humans”可知，他认为大众不会支持他的想法。根据“Darwin decided t print his bk, On the Origin f Species”可知，他出版了他的书《物种起源》。正确的顺序是c→e→f→a→b→d。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Darwin Day is celebrated arund the wrld t encurage mre peple t study the natural wrld”可知，达尔文日是为了鼓励更多的人研究自然科学。可推断最后一段是为了展示达尔文在自然科学上的影响。故选D。
5．A
6．B
7．C
8．C
9．A
【导语】
本文介绍了中国“杂交水稻之父”——袁隆平的生平。
5．词义猜测题。根据“Dr. Yuan Lngping wrked mst f his life grwing better rice.As a result f his research，the Chinese peple are n lnger wrried abut getting starved.His great wrk als helped the wrld prduce mre and mre rice.”可知，由于袁隆平的研究帮助世界生产更多的大米，中国人不再担心挨饿，所以单词“starved”指的是“挨饿”，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据“Yuan, brn n Sept. 7, 1930. After graduating(毕业) frm Suthwest Agriculture Cllege, he wrked as a teacher at an agriculture schl in Hunan.”可知，他曾经是一所农业学校的老师。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据“In 1973, he started t develp a type f hybrid rice species(种类). It prduced 20% mre rice per unit than cmmn nes. The seeding(种植) was very successful in the fllwing year.”可知，1973年，他开始培育一种杂交水稻品种。它的单位产量比普通水稻多出20%。第二年播种非常成功。所以袁隆平成功播种杂交水稻是在1974年，故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据“This prgress made China the wrld’s leader in rice prductin.”以及后面的介绍可知，袁隆平的杂交水稻使中国成为世界水稻生产的领导者。故选C。
9．主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍中国“杂交水稻之父”——袁隆平的生平，故选A。
10．A
11．C
12．C
13．B
【导语】
本文主要介绍了伟大的科学家——钱学森。
10．细节理解题。根据“He was brn in Hangzhu, Zhejiang Prvince n December 11, 1911”以及“When he was 44, he returned t his mtherland and the cuntry’s space research was almst a blank.”可知他出生于1911年，他44岁的时候回到祖国，即1955年回到祖国。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据“In 1956, he set up the first research institute f rckets and missiles.”可知1956年，他成立了第一个火箭导弹研究所。故选C。
12．词义猜测题。根据“he culd make much mre mney if he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, ‘My family name is Qian, but I dn’t like qian.’”可知如果他待在美国，他会挣更多的钱，但是他不喜欢钱，选择报效祖国，故此处划线部分意为“钱”。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据“He made such imprtant cntributins t the missile and space prgrams that he was hnred as ‘The Father f China’s Missiles’. The Chinese peple are prud f him”可知他为导弹和航天事业做出了重要贡献，被誉为“中国导弹之父”，中国人民以他为荣。故选B。
14．D
15．C
16．B
【导语】
本文主要讲述了一个十几岁的科学家——拉奥的故事。
14．细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead f ging t schl,she was busy being interviewed n the Tnight Shw far away frm hme.”可知她接受了《今夜秀》的采访。故选D。
15．词义猜测题。根据第二段“ In fact, Ra was a teen scientist. On the shw, inventin t find lead（铅） in drinking water.”可知，应是“展示一项发明，“demnstrated”的意思应为“展示”。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据第四段“Ra’s lve fr science actually began when she was 10 years ld. The girl has always wanted t spread lve and kindness thrugh her inventins. ”和“Ra says her gal has nw changed frm creating new apps t helping slve the wrld’s prblems. She wants t encurage thers t d the same as well.”可知拉奥树立了一个聪明、乐于助人的榜样。故选B。
17．C
18．D
19．B
20．C
21．B
【导语】
本文讲述了青少年时期的爱因斯坦由于总和一群顽皮捣蛋的孩子在一起玩耍，导致考试不及格。他的父亲给他讲了一个有关两只小猫的寓言故事，最终他明白了一个道理：不要看别人做什么自己就做什么，要懂得分辨。
17．
细节理解题。根据“At the age f 16, Einstein always played with a grup f mischievus (顽皮捣蛋的) kids. ”可知，青少年时期的爱因斯坦总是和一群顽皮捣蛋的孩子在一起玩耍，这使他学习不够努力最终导致考试不及格的原因。故选C。
18．
细节理解题。根据“Seeing the dirty cat, the clean cat thught its wn face must be dirty, s it quickly ran t the river and washed its face. The dirty cat saw the clean cat and thught its wn face was als clean, s it just swaggered dwn the street.”可知，干净的猫由于看到脏猫，所以去洗了脸。而脏猫看到干净的猫并不觉得自己脸上有灰，于是大摇大摆地上街了，两只猫都做了错误的选择。故选D。
19．词句猜测题。根据“The dirty cat saw the clean cat and thught its wn face was als clean, s it just swaggered dwn the street.”可知，脏猫看到干净的猫并不觉得自己脸上有灰，于是大摇大摆地上街了。动词“swaggered”体现了脏猫未发现自己脸上有灰时的自信。故选B。
20．
细节理解题。根据“Yu have t think fr yurself. If yu just d what everyne else des, yu will never learn.”可知，父亲的寓言故事告诉孩子一个道理，即人要有自己思考的意识，如果一味地效仿他人，将一事无成。故选C。
21．
推理判断题。根据“He decided t pay mre attentin t his studies and less attentin t what his friends were ding.”可知，爱因斯坦决定多注意他的学习，少注意他的朋友们在做什么，可推知他对自己所做的一切感到抱歉，故选B。
22．D
23．C
24．A
25．B
26．A
【导语】
本文主要介绍了一名被授予“人民科学家”国家荣誉称号的科学家——顾方舟。
22．
细节理解题。根据“Gu’s family faced a difficult time with the sudden death f his father.”，“He studied hard and finally entered Peking University as a medical student in 1944.”，“Gu was asked t lead pli research in 1957.”和“Gu passed away at age 92 n January 2, 2019. Eight mnths later, he received a natinal hnrary title (荣誉称号) “the Peple’s Scientist” fr his pli (脊髓灰质炎) research.”可知，事件发生的正确的顺序是④③②①。故选D。
23．
细节理解题。根据“Gu Fangzhu, a famus medical scientist, was brn in June, 1926.”和“He studied hard and finally entered Peking University as a medical student in 1944.”可知，他在18岁的时候进入了北京大学。故选C。
24．
细节理解题。根据“In 1955, pli brke ut in Nantng, Jiangsu Prvince. It paralyzed (使瘫痪) 1,680 peple, mstly children aged belw seven. It spread t neighbring areas and resulted in 466 deaths.”可知，在1955年幼466人死于脊髓灰质炎。故选A。
25．
细节理解题。根据“In 1959 Gu succeeded in develping the first pli live vaccine.”可知，顾方舟本人是中国第一个尝试研制脊髓灰质炎疫苗的人。故选B。
26．
最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了一名被授予“人民科学家”国家荣誉称号的科学家——顾方舟。A选项A Great Medical Scientist“伟大的医学科学家”符合题意。故选A。
27．A
28．A
29．C
30．C
【导语】
本文主要介绍了2022年3月3号公布的2021年感动中国十大人物之一：杨振宁。
27．细节理解题。根据“Yang gt the pprtunity t further his studies in the United States. There he met anther Chinese student, Tsung-da Lee (李政道), wh shared the same interests, and they ften discussed the physics issues tgether.”可知，杨振宁是在美国遇见了李政道，不是在清华大学。故选A。
28．词句猜测题。根据“It let ther Chinese peple knw that Chinese scientists culd stand ut in the glbal science cmmunity and be n the glbal frntier (前沿) t cmpete with their peers.”可知，中国科学家可以在全球科学界脱颖而出，站在全球前沿与同行竞争。此处stand ut与选项A意思相近，故选A。
29．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了2022年3月3号公布的2021年感动中国十大人物之一：杨振宁。故选C。
30．篇章结构题。根据第一段可知，主要引出2022年3月3号公布的2021年感动中国十大人物之一：杨振宁，也就是即将要介绍的主人公；第二至五段介绍了杨振宁的个人经历和获得诺贝尔物理学奖的过程；最后一段介绍了杨振宁对于中国海外学生的影响，故选C。
31．A
32．C
33．D
【导语】
本文介绍了简·古道尔是世界上著名的灵长类动物学家，她对黑猩猩进行大量的研究。她写了几本书，并传播保护黑猩猩以及与它们共享地球的信息。
31．
推理判断题。根据“Instead f numbering the chimpanzees (黑猩猩) she was studying, she gave them names and began t earn their trust, creating a cnnectin and then being accepted by the animals as a member f the grup.”可知，简·古道尔被一个黑猩猩群体所接纳。故选A。
32．
词句猜测题。根据“she saw them eating meat in 1961”可知，她看见黑猩猩吃肉，因此表示它们不是素食主义者，以蔬菜为生，故选C。
33．
标题归纳题。根据“Dr. Jane Gdall is ne f the mst famus primatlgists (灵长类动物学家) in the wrld.”和“Instead f numbering the chimpanzees (黑猩猩) she was studying, she gave them names and began t earn their trust, creating a cnnectin and then being accepted by the animals as a member f the grup.”可知，简·古道尔是世界上著名的灵长类动物学家，她研究黑猩猩，被一个黑猩猩的群体接受，因此本文主要介绍了她是黑猩猩的拥护者，故选D。
34．A
35．D
36．A
37．D
【导语】
本文向我们介绍著名的科学家牛顿的故事。
34．细节理解题。根据“At the age f twenty-three, Isaac Newtn mved frm Cambridge t his cuntry hme. There, his thughts turned t the prblems f mtin.”可知，23岁时，牛顿从剑桥搬到了他乡下的家，在那里他的思想转向运动问题。故选A。
35．词义猜测题。分析“Newtn’s great wrk, The Mathematical Principles f Natural Philsphy, marked the success f the Scientific Revlutin. Newtn put the famus three laws f mtin in it.”可知，牛顿的伟大作品《自然哲学的数学原理》标志着科学革命的成功，在这本书中牛顿提出了著名的运动三定律。所以此处“it”指的是The Mathematical Principles f Natural Philsphy这本书，故选D。
36．细节理解题。根据“Frm the very first Newtn was very much interested in the mysteries f nature.”，“The apple set him t wndering abut the mvement f falling bjects.”，“Three years later, he jined the Ryal Sciety.”，“Only in 1687 did he at last publish his new thery.”和“Newtn was sn recgnized as the leader f English science.”可知，事情发生的顺序是d-a-c-b-e，故选A。
37．推理判断题。根据“Newtn, hwever, never rested n his fame. He cntinued t wrk and study.”可知，牛顿从不满足于他的名声，他继续工作和学习。所以牛顿只专注于工作和学习，而不是名声，故选D。
38．B
39．B
40．C
41．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述有关伽利略的情况，客观讲述了有关望远镜和伽利略的关系，纠正人们在认知上的看法，也肯定了伽利略的贡献。
38．
细节理解题。根据“discvered…in 1610”和“he lived frm 1564 t 1642”可以推出伽利略当时46岁。故选B。
39．
细节理解题。根据“Hans Lippershey was a man frm Hlland wh made eyeglasses”可知他是一个眼镜制造商。故选B。
40．
细节理解题。根据“Galile was a famus Italian scientist wh discvered Jupiter’s (木星的) fur largest mns in 1610”以及“Galile invented many ther things”可知伽利略是一个科学家、发明家，而且他发现了木星的四个最大卫星，说明他还是一个物理学家，文中没有提到他是一个航天员。故选C。
41．
细节理解题。根据“he made s many imprtant discveries with it”可知他用望远镜做了很多重要的发现，选项A表述正确；根据“Earth wasn’t the center f the universe”可知伽利略发现地球不是宇宙的中心，选项B表述正确；根据“Galile was the first t use a telescpe t watch the universe”可知伽利略是第一个使用望远镜观察宇宙的人，选项C表述正确。故选D。