北京市丰台区怡海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题（解析版）

这是一份北京市丰台区怡海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了 5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题 1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Jennifer finds Cecelia reading a newspaper alne in the rm. “Hi Cecelia, d yu___1___me? Jennifer.” The 91-year-ld resident at Newburgh elder care center says a friendly hell, but desn’t seem t recgnize Jennifer tday.
It’s ne nice spring afternn. Jennifer invites Cecelia t g dwn t the___2___. She helps Cecelia head t the elevatr. Cecelia wheels herself frward, as Jennifer___3___guides her frm behind.
The tw have been getting t knw each ther ver the past few mnths since Jennifer, the recent Bstn University graduate, began t vlunteer in the center,___4___residents with Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症).
Dwn in the curtyard, Cecelia begins reading a pem, slwly and lyrically (抒情地). Jennifer listens attentively, and then asks if Cecelia knws wh wrte the pem，t help her with a “___5___stretch”. Tgether, they reflect n the pem’s meaning. Cecelia’s deep understanding f the pem suggests that she is such a___6___lady. Jennifer tells Cecelia, “Yu’re the ne wh makes me___7___cming here every week. I lve learning frm yu. Yu’re like my teacher.”
“Yu give the ld peple a___8___t think and t knw they get gd care,” Cecelia replies.
Jennifer’s relatinship with Cecelia has played an imprtant rle in___9___ her passin fr lking after lder generatins. “We shuld take time t listen t them. Just listening is an act f_____10_____,” Jennifer says.
1. A. hearB. understandC. trustD. remember
2. A. curtyardB. centerC. elevatrD. rm
3. A. bravelyB. lightlyC. gratefullyD. immediately
4. A. relying nB. lking intC. appealing tD. caring fr
5. A. handB. legC. brainD. back
6. A. frankB. wiseC. mdestD. humrus
7. A. lk frward tB. pay attentin tC. give in tD. bject t
8. A. dreamB. methdC. chanceD. plan
9. A. rediscveringB. exchangingC. cnsumingD. shaping
10. A. friendshipB. kindnessC. lyaltyD. curage
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了义工詹妮弗照顾养老院91老人塞西莉亚故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：嗨，塞西莉亚，你还记得我吗？我是詹妮弗。A. hear听；B. understand理解；C. trust相信；D.remember记得。根据下文“Jennifer”以及“but desn’t seem t recgnize Jennifer tday.”可知，詹妮弗问塞西莉亚是否记得她。故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗邀请塞西莉亚到院子里去。A. curtyard庭院；B. center中心；C. elevatr电梯；D. rm房间。根据下文“Dwn in the curtyard”可知，詹妮弗邀请塞西莉亚到院子里去。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：塞西莉亚向前推进，詹妮弗轻轻地从后面引导她。A. bravely勇敢地；B. lightly 轻轻地；C. gratefully感激地；D. immediately立即。根据常识可知，塞西莉亚是个91岁的老人且坐着轮椅，所以要轻轻地引导她。 故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：最近几个月，波士顿大学毕业生詹妮弗开始在该中心做志愿者，照顾患有阿尔茨海默病的居民，这两人就开始相互了解。A. relying n依靠；B. lking int调查；C. appealing t呼吁；D. caring fr照顾，关心。根据下文“they get gd care”可知，波士顿大学毕业生詹妮弗开始在该中心做志愿者，照顾患有阿尔茨海默病的居民。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗全神贯注地听着，然后问塞西莉亚是否知道这首诗是谁写的，以帮助她“脑洞大开”。A. hand手；B. leg腿；C. brain大脑；D. back后背。根据上文“asks if Cecelia knws wh wrte the pem”以及下文“Tgether, they reflect n the pem’s meaning.”可知，然后问塞西莉亚是否知道这首诗是谁写的，以帮助她“脑洞大开”（恢复记忆）。故选C项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：塞西莉亚对这首诗的深刻理解表明她是一位如此聪明的女士。A. frank坦率的；B. wise聪明的；C. mdest谦虚的；D. humrus幽默的。根据上文“Cecelia’s deep understanding f the pem”可知，塞西莉亚对这首诗的深刻理解表明她是一位如此聪明的女士。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗告诉塞西莉亚：你是那个让我期待每周来到这里的人。A. lk frward t期望；B. pay attentin t注意 ；C. give in t屈服；D. bject t反对。根据下文“I lve learning frm yu. Yu’re like my teacher.”可知，詹妮弗告诉塞西莉亚：你是那个让我期待每周来到这里的人。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你给老人们一个思考的机会，让他们知道自己得到了很好的照顾，”塞西莉亚回答。A. dream梦想；B. methd方法；C. chance机会；D. plan计划。根据下文“t think and t knw they get gd care”可知，你给老人们一个思考的机会，让他们知道自己得到了很好的照顾。故选C项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗与塞西莉亚的关系在塑造她照顾老年人的热情方面发挥了重要作用。A. rediscvering重新发现；B. exchanging交流 ；C. cnsuming消费 ；D. shaping形成、塑造。根据上文“Yu’re the ne wh makes me ___7___ cming here every week. I lve learning frm yu. Yu’re like my teacher.”以及下文“her passin fr lking after lder generatins.”可知，詹妮弗与塞西莉亚的关系在塑造她照顾老年人的热情方面发挥了重要作用。故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：倾听是一种善意的行为。A. friendship友谊；B. kindness善意；C. lyalty忠诚；D. curage勇气。根据上文“began t vlunteer in the center”以及“listening”可知，倾听是一种善意的行为。故选B项。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I was brn with a prnunced facial prblem. Because f that, I _____11_____ (underg) many cruel cmments since my childhd. One day, while shpping, I was apprached by a wman I didn’t knw. _______12_______ (stand) still, I was ready fr a rude remark. But the lady smiled and said, “This gift card is fr yu, beautiful girl, s yu can buy smething special fr ____13____ (yu).” I am s thankful t that wman fr reminding me beauty cmes in all frms.
【答案】11. have undergne
12. Standing
13. yurself
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者因为面部问题而经常遭受别人的评判，但一位女士向作者释放了善意。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：正因为如此，我从小就经历了许多残酷的评论。根据“since my childhd”可知，本句应用现在完成时,I作主语，助动词为have。故填have undergne。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我站着不动，准备听一句粗鲁的评论。本句的谓语是was，所以空格处应用非谓语动词。stand和I之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应用现在分词，作伴随状语；句首单词，首字母大写。故填Standing。
【13题详解】
考查代词。句意：这张礼品卡是给你的，漂亮的女孩，这样你就可以给自己买些特别的东西了。这里表示你给你自己买动词，主语和宾语均为同一人，所以应用反身代词yurself作宾语。故填yurself。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Research n the relatinship between gratitude (感恩) and physical health is still explring. The evidence f existing studies ____14____ (suggest) that there may be a cnnectin. It appears that mre grateful peple reprt sleeping better and feeling ____15____ (healthy). Besides, gratitude may lead peple t engage in behavirs that help keep them healthy, like nt smking. Nw researchers still need t make it clear ____16____ gratitude is s gd fr ur health.
【答案】14. suggests
15. healthier
16. why
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有证据表明感恩与身体健康之间可能存在关系。
【14题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：现有研究的证据表明可能存在关联。分析句子可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“evidence”意为“证据”，为不可数名词，故空格处应用“suggest”的三单形式“suggests”。故填suggests。
【15题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：似乎更多感恩的人表示自己睡得更好，感觉更健康。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，作表语，根据句意和句中“better”可知，句中把感恩的人和其他人进行比较，感恩的人睡得更好，感觉更健康，故空格处应用“healthy”的比较级“healthier”。故填healthier。
【16题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：现在，研究人员仍然需要弄清楚感恩对我们的健康是否如此有益。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，“it”作形式宾语，空格处单词引导从句，作真正的宾语，根据上文“ gratitude may lead peple t engage in behavirs that help keep them healthy, like nt smking”可知：感恩能让人们做帮助保持健康的行为。所以想弄清楚“为什么感恩对于健康有好处”。故填写why.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Edward O. Wilsn, the “mdern-day Charles Darwin”, damaged his right eye when he ____17____(catch) a fish in the river near his hme at seven. The pr eyesight nly allwed him ____18____(bserve) small creatures like ants. Interested in the selflessness f ants, ____19____ wuld sacrifice themselves fr their clny(群体), Wilsn develped a thery, cnfirming the existence f altruistic(利他的) ____20____ (behave) in a wide range f species. It made him influential as bth a clse bserver and a pineering therist.
【答案】17. was catching
18. t bserve
19 which 20. behavir## behaviur
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了爱德华·O·威尔逊对蚂蚁行为的研究发现。
【17题详解】
考查时态。句意：爱德华·O·威尔逊——“现代的查尔斯·达尔文”——七点钟在家附近的河里捕鱼时伤到了右眼。根据“at seven”可知，这里表示过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。主语为he，be动词用was。故填was catching。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由于视力差，他只能观察蚂蚁等小动物。allw sb. t d sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，不定式作宾补。故填t bserve。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：威尔逊对蚂蚁的无私感兴趣，蚂蚁会为自己的群体牺牲自己，他提出了一个理论，证实了利他行为在各种物种中的存在。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为指物的ants，且空处在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。故填which。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意参考上题。根据空前的altruistic可知，空处应用名词。behavir/behaviur意为“行为”，为不可数名词。故填behavir/behaviur。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Best Gifts fr Every Type f Mm
D yu want t reward Mm with New Year gifts? Millins f prducts are ffered nline, but dn’t get scared away. We have dne the wrk fr yu by selecting best gift ideas fr every type f mm. Just click “Add t cart” t shwer Mm with lve.
Dainty Earrings-Best fr the Jewelry Lver
Made frm sterling silver, the earrings are lightweight and perfect fr everyday wear. They’re als ideal fr anyne with sensitive ears. Amng the 8,000 plus five-star reviewers, April Farmer cnfirm: this, saying, “Just abut every material irritates (刺激) my ears, but I have had these in fr three mnths nw-and n irritatin, n clr changing, r fading f silver. I can’t even tell they are in!”
KS Lunch Bag-Best fr the Wrking Mm
This in-disguise cler bag will put a smile n mm’s face during lunch hur. With thusands f five-star reviewers, the fashinable and functinal KS bag has an insulated lining (隔热的内衬) that helps keep fd and beverages fresh, and an inside pcket that hlds utensils. Plus, the sft, lightweight design makes it easy t bring anywhere.
Breville Express-Best fr the Cffee Lver
Talk abut a mrning bst! If Mm is a true cffee lver, she’s dreamed f wning a high-end espress machine. Nw yu can make that dream a reality. The Breville Express, which has mre than 14,000 five-star reviews, cmes in either black r stainless steel surfaces and ffers the same dse-cntrlled grinding (研磨) that’s nrmally reserved fr fancy cffee shps.
Beckham Pillws--Best fr the One Wh Needs a Gd Night’s Sleep
She deserves a peaceful night’s rest after all the hard wrk she des every day, and she’ll get just that with these Beckham pillws. The set f tw affrdable cling gel pillws is ideal fr back, stmach and side sleepers. It ffers much-needed temperature regulatin that will keep her mre cmfrtable than ever. It’s a best seller with mre than 126,000 five-star reviews, s it’s pretty much a hit.
21. April Farmer’s review indicates that the Dainty Earrings are .
A. durable and fancyB. simple and unique
C. stylish and valuableD. light and skin-friendly
22. Frm the passage, we can knw that .
A. Dainty Earrings are best fr frmal ccasins
B. KS Lunch Bag is silver, prtable and insulated
C. Breville Express features fine and quick grinding
D. Beckham Pillws suit different sleeping psitins
23. Wh is the passage intended fr?
A. Agencies selling prducts t mms.
B. Peple seeking gifts fr their mms.
C. Mms planning t reward themselves.
D. Salesmen studying mms’ preferences.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了给不同类型的妈妈选择最佳礼物的一些小贴士。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“n irritatin, n clr changing, r fading f silver. I can’t even tell they are in!”（没有刺激，没有变色，没有银色的褪色。我都不知道我戴着耳环！）可知，耳环比较轻，而且也对皮肤没有刺激。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Made frm sterling silver, the earrings are lightweight and perfect fr everyday wear. ”（这款耳环由纯银制成，重量轻，非常适合日常佩戴。）可知，这款耳环适合日常佩戴。选项A错误；第三段中“the fashinable and functinal KS bag has an insulated lining (隔热的内衬) that helps keep fd and beverages fresh, and an inside pcket that hlds utensils. Plus, the sft, lightweight design makes it easy t bring anywhere.”（时尚和功能性的 KS 袋有一个绝缘衬里，有助于保持食品和饮料的新鲜，和一个内口袋，容纳器具。此外，软，轻便的设计使它很容易带到任何地方。）可知，KS 袋有一个绝缘衬里，轻便的设计使得它易于携带，但并没有说它是银质的。选项B错误；根据倒数第二段中“The Breville Express, which has mre than 14,000 five-star reviews, cmes in either black r stainless steel surfaces and ffers the same dse-cntrlled grinding (研磨) that’s nrmally reserved fr fancy cffee shps.”（Breville Express 有超过14,000条五星级评论，它有黑色或不锈钢表面，并提供通常只有高档咖啡店才有的剂量控制研磨服务。）可知，The Breville Express可以提供剂量控制研磨服务，没有提及它可以快速研磨，选项C错误；根据最后一段中“ideal fr back, stmach and side sleepers.”（对平睡，趴着睡和侧面睡的人而言是合适的。）可知，Beckham Pillws适合不同睡姿的人士。与文意一致，故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题“Best Gifts fr Every Type f Mm”（最适合各种类型妈妈的礼物）可知，文章主要是面向给妈妈选礼物的顾客。故选B。
B
Influenced by her family, Xu started t learn the craft f making Chinese knts at hme, but didn’t expect the pastime t change her life at first. Xu became a city-level inheritr f this prvincial-level intangible cultural heritage in 2009, and has been devted t develping the craft since then.
As a fan f phtgraphy, she ften tk phts f dragnflies, butterflies and flwers arund a lake nt far frm her hme, then she made knts resembling them, and psted the phts n a website. That attracted the attentin f sme peple.
As an advertising design majr, she makes innvated knts based n her knwledge f design, and can use varius threads t make small, exquisite designs. She has created many series f wrks based n traditinal Chinese culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.
“Shwing Chinese culture thrugh traditinal Chinese crafts—that is the riginal aspiratin fr me as an inheritr f the intangible cultural heritage,” says Xu. She has made mre than 3,000 designs, and even pened tw ffline branch stres. Her prducts include decratins f different sizes that can be put n walls, car rnaments, cellphne chains and jewelry. “I believe ur intangible cultural heritage can be better develped and passed dwn when it meets peple’s needs in daily life,” says Xu.
Chen, an nline fllwer, has been teaching hw t make knts in the United Arab Emirates. “Influenced by Xu’s wrk, I learn the craft t cultivate my temperament, and I als teach children t better understand Chinese culture,” says Chen. “Chinese culture is ppular in the UAE, and I ften make sme knts with Chinese elements fr lcal peple as gifts.”
Xu has als been generus in helping thers. She taught this art t wrkers wh lst their jbs in her hmetwn, allwing them t master a skill frm which they culd earn an incme. Students and peple with disabilities were als beneficiaries. Indeed, mre than 20 peple with disabilities nw actually wrk fr her.
Despite the success f her career, Xu says wrking n the craft has benefited her mre in a spiritual way. “Tying knts requires cncentratin, and yu must nt be distracted during the prcess. It has trained me t deal with matters in a calm, peaceful and ratinal way,” says Xu. “I believe the life f ne persn is shrt, and yu have the right t decide hw t spend it.”
24. With the knwledge f design, Xu can ________.
A. pst plenty f attractive phts n the website
B. draw the Peking Opera characters mre vividly
C. make many creative knts related t Chinese culture
D. take many prfessinal phts f animals and flwers
25. What can we learn abut Xu?
A. She plans t pen mre ffline branch stres abrad.
B. She designs prducts with a fcus n peple’s everyday needs.
C. She is well-knwn fr teaching hw t make knts in the UAE.
D. She wants t help disabled students imprve their cncentratin.
26. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Xu?
A. Hnest and easy-ging.B. Mdest and strng-willed.
C. Humrus and hard-wrking.D. Innvative and kind-hearted.
27. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Traditinal Chinese Crafts G Glbal
B. Chinese Knt-making, a Skill Nt t be Ignred
C. Traditinal Chinese Culture Becmes Fashinable
D. Chinese Knt-making, a Chance fr the Unemplyed
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了从小受家庭影响的徐，在家制作中国结，并根据自己拍摄的照片编制中国结获得大众喜爱，同时利用自己的广告设计专业优势进行创新，弘扬中国传统文化，成为非物质文化遗产继承人，帮助同乡的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“As an advertising design majr, she makes innvated knts based n her knwledge f design, and can use varius threads t make small, exquisite designs. She has created many series f wrks based n traditinal Chinese culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.”（作为一名广告设计专业的学生，她根据自己的设计知识，制作了创新的结，并能利用各种线制作出精美的小图案。她创作了许多基于中国传统文化的作品，如节日、茶和京剧人物。）可知，徐利用设计知识可以制作和中国传统文化相关的创意中国结。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第四段后两句“Her prducts include decratins f different sizes that can be put n walls, car rnaments, cellphne chains and jewelry. “I believe ur intangible cultural heritage can be better develped and passed dwn when it meets peple’s needs in daily life,” says Xu.”（她的产品包括可以挂在墙上的不同大小的装饰品、汽车装饰品、手机链和珠宝。他说：“我相信，非物质文化遗产在满足人们日常生活需要的时候，才能得到更好的发展和传承。”）可知，她设计产品的重点是人们的日常需求。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段最后一句“She has created many series f wrks based n traditinal Chinese culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.”（她创作了许多基于中国传统文化的作品，如节日、茶和京剧人物。）可知，徐是一个有创造力的人。由文章倒数第二段的首句“Xu has als been generus in helping thers.”（徐一直慷慨地帮助他人。）可知，徐是一位热心的人。故选D项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。文章讲述徐先生因为中国结去的事业上的成就，，中国结在阿联酋得到欢迎，以及徐先生教授一些弱势群体通过中国结过得收入。可以推知本篇文章主要突显中国结这项技艺十分重要，应该得以继续传承。结合选项。B选项：中国结制作，一项不容忽视的技能。符合文章的总结概括。故选B。
C
Of the mre than 3,000 species f msquites in the wrld, just a small number specialize in sucking human bld. Hw msquites track us dwn s effectively isn’t currently knwn, but it matters, since they carry dangerus diseases which may cause death.
“In fact, stpping these annying insects in their tracks culd save up t half a millin lives lst t thse diseases each year,” said Carlyn Gauff, a prfessr f eclgy and evlutinary bilgy at the Princetn Neurscience Institute. That’s why Gauff’s team wants t understand hw they find and target humans.
Msquites mstly chse what t bite based n dr (气味). Knwing hw a ptentially disease-carrying msquit finds a persn, while ignring ther warm-blded animals, is a key questin. But it’s nt easy t answer, since any animal smell is made up f hundreds f chemicals mixed tgether in specific percentage. “The actual chemicals that are fund in human dr are basically the same as the chemicals fund in animal dr—it’s the percentages and the relative large amunt f thse substances in human mixtures that’s unique,” said Gauff.
T investigate, researchers decided t recrd neural activity in the brain f msquites while expsing them t natural human and animal dr samples. They cllected dr samples frm abut 40 different animals. When they cmpared sme f thse with the 16 human samples, smething jumped ut. Decanal is particularly rich in human skin. Cmmn in the natural wrld, in humans, decanal cmes frm anther, mre cmplex substance. When ne cmpnent f ur skin’s natural ils, sapienic acid, breaks dwn, decanal is left ver. This acid is nly fund in human beings. It’s what likely leads t the high levels f decanal that help the msquites smell their way t us.
Understanding what the msquites are targeting is nly part f the stry; knwing hw they d it is als imprtant. T see exactly hw msquites use this sense, scientists used genetically mdified (转基因的) msquites s that they culd cut pen msquites’ heads and watch neurns firing when they’re expsed t human and animal drs. The research team already knew that msquites have abut 60 different types f neurns that sense drs, s when they lked in the insects’ brains, they thught they might see a lt f activity. But it was surprisingly quiet, meaning that the signal was perhaps quite simple, dwn t just a cuple types f neurns. “One type f neurn respnded really strngly t bth humans and animals. Anther type f neurn respnded t bth—but it respnded much mre strngly t humans than animals,” Gauff said.
Hw t keep msquites’ decanal signal frm being transmitted will be the research team’s next fcus. Gauff hped their current wrk culd be used t make msquit killers and attractants t prevent disease.
28. What’s the final purpse f the research cnducted by Gauff’s team?
A. T study why nly certain msquites suck human bld.
B T investigate the neural activity in msquites’ brains.
C. T help prevent deadly diseases caused by msquites.
D. T test the effectiveness f msquit killers.
29. T which substance(s) wuld msquites mstly be attracted?
A. Natural il frm human skin.
B. Chemicals in the envirnment.
C. Decanal generated in human bld.
D Remains f decmpsed sapienic acid.
30. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Mst msquit neurns are nt invlved in respnding t human dr.
B. Genetically mdified msquites are nt sensitive t human dr.
C. Further research will fcus n dr signal and neural cnnectin.
D. Chemicals fund in human and animal drs are quite different.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一队研究人员想通过研究蚊子为什么叮咬某一类人，找到阻止它们叮咬人类的策略，预防文字叮咬引起的致命疾病。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段““In fact, stpping these annying insects in their tracks culd save up t half a millin lives lst t thse diseases each year,” said Carlyn Gauff, a prfessr f eclgy and evlutinary bilgy at the Princetn Neurscience Institute. That’s why Gauff’s team wants t understand hw they find and target humans. (普林斯顿神经科学研究所的生态学和进化生物学教授Carlyn Gauff说：“事实上，阻止这些烦人的蚊子在它们的轨道上活动，每年可以挽救多达50万人因这些疾病而丧生的生命。”这就是为什么Gauff的团队想要了解蚊子如何发现和瞄准人类的原因)”和最后一段中的“Gauff hped their current wrk culd be used t make msquit killers and attractants t prevent disease. (Gauff希望他们目前的工作可以用于制造灭蚊剂和引诱剂，以预防疾病)”可知，Gauff最终是想帮助预防蚊子引起的致命疾病（救人性命）才进行此项研究的。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中的“Decanal is particularly rich in human skin. (癸醛在人体皮肤中特别丰富)”和“When ne cmpnent f ur skin’s natural ils, sapienic acid, breaks dwn, decanal is left ver. This acid is nly fund in human beings. It’s what likely leads t the high levels f decanal that help the msquites smell their way t us. (当我们皮肤的天然油脂中的一种成分——智人酸分解时，就会剩下癸酸。这种酸只存在于人身上。这很可能导致高水平的癸醛，帮助蚊子嗅到它们的气味)”可知，癸酸是智人酸分解后的残留物，蚊子通过癸醛（智人酸分解后的残留物）找到人类，所以蚊子最喜欢癸醛（智人酸分解后的残留物）。故选D项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“The research team already knew that msquites have abut 60 different types f neurns that sense drs, s when they lked in the insects’ brains, they thught they might see a lt f activity. But it was surprisingly quiet, meaning that the signal was perhaps quite simple, dwn t just a cuple types f neurns. “One type f neurn respnded really strngly t bth humans and animals. Anther type f neurn respnded t bth—but it respnded much mre strngly t humans than animals,” Gauff said. (研究团队已经知道，蚊子有大约60种不同类型的神经元来感知气味，所以当他们观察蚊子的大脑时，他们认为可能会看到很多活动。但蚊子的大脑出奇的安静，这意味着信号可能相当简单，仅限于几种类型的神经元。Gauff说：“一种神经元对人类和动物的气味反应非常强烈。另一种神经元同时对两者都有反应，但对人类气味的反应比动物气味的反应强烈得多。”)”可知，蚊子有大约60种不同类型的神经元来感知气味，但研究发现只有几种类型的神经元才会对人类和动物气味作出反应，可得出大多数蚊子神经元不参与对人类气味的反应。故选A项。
D
A few years ag, the City Cuncil f Mnza, Italy, barred pet wners frm keeping gldfish in curved fishbwls. The spnsrs f the measure explained that it is cruel t keep a fish in such a bwl because the curved sides give the fish a distrted view f reality. Aside frm the measure’s significance t the pr gldfish, the stry raises an interesting philsphical questin: Hw d we knw that the reality we perceive is true?
Physicists are finding themselves in a similar truble t the gldfish’s. Fr decades they have been pursuing an ultimate thery f everything—ne cmplete and cnsistent set f fundamental laws f nature that explain every aspect f reality. It nw appears that this pursuit may generate nt a single thery but a family f intercnnected theries, each describing its wn versin f reality, as if it viewed the universe thrugh its wn fishbwl. This cncept may be difficult fr many peple t accept. Mst peple believe that there is an bjective reality ut there and that ur senses and ur science directly cnvey (传达) infrmatin abut the material wrld. In philsphy, that belief is called realism.
In physics, realism is becming difficult t defend. Instead, the idea f alternative realities is a mainstay f tday’s ppular culture. Fr example, in the science-fictin film The Matrix the human race is unknwingly living in a simulated (模拟的) virtual reality created by intelligent cmputers. Hw d we knw we are nt just cmputer-generated characters living in a Matrix-like wrld? If—like us—the beings in the simulated wrld culd nt bserve their universe frm the utside, they wuld have n reasn t dubt their wn pictures f reality.
Similarly, the gldfish’s view is nt the same as urs frm utside their curved bwl. Fr instance, because light bends as it travels frm air t water, a freely mving bject that we wuld bserve t mve in a straight line wuld be bserved by the gldfish t mve alng a curved path. The gldfish culd frm scientific laws frm their frame (框架) f reference that wuld always hld true and that wuld enable them t make predictins abut the future mtin f bjects utside the bwl. If the gldfish frmed such a thery, we wuld have t admit the gldfish’s view as a reasnable picture f reality.
The gldfish example shws that the same physical situatin can be mdeled in different ways, each emplying different fundamental elements and cncepts. It might be that t describe the universe we have t emply different theries in different situatins. It is nt the physicist’s traditinal expectatin fr a thery f nature, nr des it crrespnd t ur everyday idea f reality. But it might be the way f the universe.
31. What des the underlined wrd “distrted” in Paragraph mst prbably mean?
A. Original.B. Accurate.C. Distant.D. False.
32. What des Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A. The need fr a cmplete thery.B. The lasting cnflict in physics.
C. The existence f the material wrld.D. The cnventinal insight f reality.
33. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Nature’s mysteries are best left undiscvered.
B. An external wrld is independent f the bservers.
C. Peple’s theries are influenced by their viewpints.
D. It is essential t figure ut which picture f reality is better.
34. Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that ________.
A. varius interpretatins f the universe are welcmed
B. physicists have a favrite candidate fr the final thery
C. multiple realities can be pieced tgether t shw the real wrld
D. there is still pssibility t unify different theries int a single ne
【答案】31. D 32. D 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章以鱼缸里的金鱼为例，讨论了现实主义以及人们应该如何描述宇宙。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The spnsrs f the measure explained that it is cruel t keep a fish in such a bwl because the curved sides give the fish a distrted view f reality.”（这项措施的发起人解释说，把鱼养在这样的鱼缸里是残忍的，因为弯曲的侧面会让鱼对现实有一种distrted看法。）中的“cruel”和“curved”可以推断，发起人认为弯曲的侧面会让鱼对现实产生错误的观点，因而把鱼养在这样的鱼缸里是残忍的，所以“distrted”意为：错误的，即“false”。故选D。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Mst peple believe that there is an bjective reality ut there and that ur senses and ur science directly cnvey (传达) infrmatin abut the material wrld. In philsphy, that belief is called realism.”（大多数人相信客观现实存在，我们的感官和科学直接传达了物质世界的信息，在哲学中，这种信念被称为现实主义。）可知，本段主要讲述了人们对现实的传统见解。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“It nw appears that this pursuit may generate nt a single thery but a family f intercnnected theries, each describing its wn versin f reality, as if it viewed the universe thrugh its wn fishbwl. ”（现在看来，这种追求可能产生的不是单一的理论，而是一系列相互关联的理论，每个理论都描述了自己的现实版本，就像从自己的鱼缸里看宇宙一样。）和第三段“If—like us—the beings in the simulated wrld culd nt bserve their universe frm the utside, they wuld have n reasn t dubt their wn pictures f reality.”（如果模拟世界中的生物像我们一样不能从外部观察它们的宇宙，它们就没有理由怀疑自己对现实的想象。）可知，人们视角和观点不同，会有着不同的理论。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It might be that t describe the universe we have t emply different theries in different situatins.”（也许为了描述宇宙，我们必须在不同情况下运用不同的理论。）和“But it might be the way f the universe.”（但这可能就是宇宙的规律。）可知，作者认为人们可以用多种理论描述宇宙，可得出作者也许会许赞同“欢迎对宇宙的不同解释”这个观点。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
An aplgy can achieve great things fr bth the givers and the receivers althugh nbdy likes t admit that they were wrng.
An aplgy is crucial t ur physical health. When we acknwledge that we are wrngders and express ur guilt t thers, we will free urselves frm the uncmfrtable state. This act feels like a weight n us has been lifted. ____35____ Research shwed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tensin decreased in victims f wrngs even when they simply imagined receiving an aplgy.
Aplgizing affects us nt just physically, but als mentally. ____36____ When presented with an aplgy, the victims may view us as imperfect human beings and find it easier t give frgiveness. In a pwerful piece in Psychlgy Tday, writer Beverly Engel described hw a simple “I’m srry” frm her mther, after being estranged frm each ther fr three years, made her relieved emtinally. But let’s be real, aplgizing can be difficult.
____37____ We shuld recgnize ur actin did hurt smene even if ur intentin may nt have been s. Instead f making excuses fr what we did, try t bear respnsibility and ffer a prmise t take actin s that we will nt repeat the behavir in future. ____38____
Of curse, the mst effective aplgies ften bring a cst t ur dignity, since we have t admit that we are wrng in frnt f thers r many peple. ____39____ As is knwn, it is ne f the mst psitive actins we can take when we d smething wrng—fr urselves, the thers, and the relatinship. S, g ahead, aplgize a little mre ften fr the things wrth aplgizing fr.
A. There are agreed-upn ways t express ur aplgy t thers.
B. It’s a way f shwing the price we paid fr the wrnged actin.
C. A gd aplgy affects the health f thse n the receiving end, t.
D. But this can ften be minr cmpared t the benefits f a prper aplgy.
E. This means we shuld take the blame and nt try t justify it r explain it away.
F. Aplgize fr what yu did rather than what ther peple might have thught abut it.
G. It has the ability t disarm thers f their anger and t prevent further misunderstandings.
【答案】35. C 36. G 37. A 38. E 39. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了道歉对我们的好处。
【35题详解】
根据上文“When we acknwledge that we are wrngders and express ur guilt t thers, we will free urselves frm the uncmfrtable state. This act feels like a weight n us has been lifted.(当我们承认自己是做错事的人，并向别人表达我们的内疚时，我们就会从不舒服的状态中解脱出来。这一举动让我们感觉卸下了负担)”和下文“Research shwed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tensin decreased in victims f wrngs even when they simply imagined receiving an aplgy.(研究表明，即使只是想象得到道歉，被伤害者的心率、排汗量和面部紧张程度也会降低)”可知，道歉不仅让做错事的一方感觉卸下负担，也对收到道歉的人有好处。故C项“A gd aplgy affects the health f thse n the receiving end, t.(一个好的道歉也会影响收到道歉的人的健康)”符合题意。故选C。
【36题详解】
根据主旨句“Aplgizing affects us nt just physically, but als mentally.(道歉不仅会影响我们的身体，还会影响我们的精神)”推知，空处应陈述道歉在精神方面给人们带来的好处。G项“It has the ability t disarm thers f their anger and t prevent further misunderstandings.(它有能力消除别人的愤怒，防止进一步的误解)”符合题意，anger属于精神范畴。故选G。
【37题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“We shuld recgnize ur actin did hurt smene even if ur intentin may nt have been s. Instead f making excuses fr what we did, try t bear respnsibility and ffer a prmise t take actin s that we will nt repeat the behavir in future. (我们应该认识到我们的行为确实伤害了某人，即使我们的意图可能并非如此。与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，认识到自己确实伤害某人，与其找借口不如主动承担责任，承诺以后绝不再犯。结合常识可知，上述道歉的方法是大家公认的方法。故A项“There are agreed-upn ways t express ur aplgy t thers.(我们向他人表达歉意的方式已经达成一致)”符合题意，下文具体陈述这些一致的方法是什么。故选A。
【38题详解】
空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Instead f making excuses fr what we did, try t bear respnsibility and ffer a prmise t take actin s that we will nt repeat the behavir in future.(与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，这样做意味着我们应该承担责任，不再辩解。E项“This means we shuld take the blame and nt try t justify it r explain it away.(这意味着我们应该承担责任，而不是试图为其辩护或解释)”符合题意，是对上文的进一步解释。故选E。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Of curse, the mst effective aplgies ften bring a cst t ur dignity, since we have t admit that we are wrng in frnt f thers r many peple.(当然，最有效的道歉往往会给我们的尊严带来代价，因为我们不得不在别人或很多人面前承认自己错了)”可知，最有效的道歉方式往往有失尊严。根据下文“As is knwn, it is ne f the mst psitive actins we can take when we d smething wrng—fr urselves, the thers, and the relatinship. S, g ahead, aplgize a little mre ften fr the things wrth aplgizing fr.(众所周知，当我们为自己、他人和关系做错事时，这是我们可以采取的最积极的行动之一)”可知，做错了事，就应该道歉，这是可以采取的最积极的行动之一。由此可知，和道歉带来的好处相比，尊严受到一点伤害是可以接受的。D项“But this can ften be minr cmpared t the benefits f a prper aplgy.(但与一个恰当的道歉所带来的好处相比，这往往是微不足道的)”符合题意。故选D。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32 分)
第一节(共 4 小题;第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分,共 12 分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The ther day I was having cffee and catching up with Brian, a friend I hadn’t seen in ver a year, when he asked me this questin: “D yu regret leaving Ggle?” “Of curse, I dn’t regret it,” I answered. But when I reflected mre deeply n his questin, I arrived at this realizatin: We cannt regret smething that has taught us valuable lessns in life.
Truth is, nt every decisin we make will be the right chice fr us. I learned later that quitting my ne and nly surce f incme t start an e-cmmerce business frm nthing was a recipe fr financial disaster. N, that decisin was nt the right ne at the time. Perhaps I shuld’ve fllwed the advice I give tday: Build yur business while wrking a full-time jb s that yu can wrk frm a place f stability. But then again, I wuldn’t have learned such a valuable lessn had I nt acted upn what was truly imprtant t me at the time—the freedm f pursuing my wn dream, n my wn terms.
We regret what’s in the past and can’t be changed. We cmpare the chices we made yesterday t an ideal path that we think we shuld have taken—we simply imagine it t be a better path. What is wrse is when stuck in regret, we lse ur cntrl ver what matters mst: What we d with ur time, tday.
There’s a much better way t lk at regret—a mre mindful way—and it can be seen at a place where actin, reflectin, and gratitude meet.
S whenever yu find yurself caught in regret, stp and ask yurself these tw questins: “What have I learned frm this? And hw have I grwn because f it?” Perhaps yu might just shift yur viewpint frm that f being upset and regretful t being appreciative and grateful.
40. What did Brian’s questin make the writer realize?
___________________________________________________________
41. List the tw wrds the authr uses t describe the viewpint peple shuld take when facing regret.
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42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
When peple get stuck in regret, what makes the situatin wrse is that past chices can’t be changed.
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43. What has been yur biggest regret during yur high schl life? What have yu learned frm this? (In abut 40 wrds)
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【答案】40. Brian’s questin makes the writer realize that we cannt regret smething that has taught us valuable lessns in life.
41. Appreciative and grateful
42. When peple get stuck in regret, what makes the situatin wrse is that past chices can’t be changed.
Reasn: When peple get stuck in regret, what makes the situatin wrse is that we lse ur cntrl ver what matters mst: What we d with ur time, tday.
43. The biggest regret during my high schl life is that I did nt study hard and treasure the valuable time and culd nt be admitted t my ideal university. I realized the prblem in my cllege, s I wrked hard n my majr and have made sme achievements in my majr finally. S I accept my regret and learn smething frm it and cnsider the regret as a valuable experience.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文通过作者的自身经历表达了我们不应该为所做的决定后悔和遗憾，应从沮丧和遗憾转变为感激和感激。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“But when I reflected mre deeply n his questin, I arrived at this realizatin: We cannt regret smething that has taught us valuable lessns in life. (但当我更深入地思考他的问题时，我意识到：我们不能后悔那些在生活中教会了我们宝贵教训的事情。)”可知，朋友的问题使我意识到我们不能后悔那些在生活中教会了我们宝贵教训的事情。故答案为Brian’s questin make the writer realize that we cannt regret smething that has taught us valuable lessns in life。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章最后一句“S whenever yu find yurself caught in regret, stp and ask yurself these tw questins: “What have I learned frm this? And hw have I grwn because f it?” Perhaps yu might just shift yur viewpint frm that f being upset and regretful t being appreciative and grateful. ( 所以，当你发现自己陷入后悔之中时，停下来问问自己这两个问题：“我从这件事中学到了什么？我是如何因此而成长的呢？”也许你可以把你的观点从沮丧和遗憾转变为感激和感激。)”可知作者用来描述人们在面对后悔时应该采取的观点的两个词是appreciative和grateful。故答案为Appreciative and grateful。
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“What is wrse is when stuck in regret, we lse ur cntrl ver what matters mst: What we d with ur time, tday.(更糟糕的是，当陷入后悔之中时，我们会失去对最重要的事情的控制：我们今天如何利用我们的时间。) ”可知“When peple get stuck in regret, what makes the situatin wrse is that past chices can’t be changed. (当人们陷入悔恨时，更糟糕的是过去的选择无法改变。)”这句话是错误的，当人们陷入悔恨时，更糟糕的不是过去的选择无法改变。而是我们会失去对最重要的事情的控制：我们今天如何利用我们的时间。故答案为When peple get stuck in regret, what makes the situatin wrse is that past chices can’t be changed. Reasn: When peple get stuck in regret, what makes the situatin wrse is that we lse ur cntrl ver what matters mst: What we d with ur time, tday.
【43题详解】
开放性试题，言之有理即可。这篇文章表达了我们不应该为所做的决定后悔和遗憾，应从沮丧和遗憾转变为感激和感激。我们人生当中都有后悔的事情，关键是我们面对后悔和遗憾的态度。故答案可为The biggest regret during my high schl life is that I did nt study hard and treasure the valuable time and culd nt be admitted t my ideal university. I realized the prblem in my cllege, s I wrked hard n my majr and have made sme achievements in my majr finally. S I accept my regret and learn smething frm it and cnsider the regret as a valuable experience.
第二节(20 分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校正在为高三毕业典礼征集活动方案。你有意参加，并对活动设计形成了一些想法。请你给英国好友Jim写一封邮件询问他的建议。内容包括：
1.介绍设计想法；
2.说明设计理由。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
My schl is cllecting designs fr the graduatin ceremny. I’m writing t share my idea with yu and ask fr yur advice.
First, the ceremny shuld be n weekend, thus allwing all the parents and teachers t be present, making this event livelier. It will kick ff with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, fllwed by a vide featuring thse unfrgettable mments f ur schl life and the presentatin f diplmas. We need t set up a “gratitude wall”, where we can express ur gratitude t ur teachers, friends and parents, withut whse help we culd hardly succeed. During the last sessin, students can pen the flr t talk abut their future, sharing their ambitins with each ther.
S what d yu think f my plan? Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就高三毕业典礼征集活动方案给英国好友Jim写一封邮件，介绍自己的设计想法，说明设计理由，并询问他的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：advice→ suggestin
鼓舞人心的：inspiring →encuraging
表达：express→cnvey
畅所欲言：pen the flr→speak ut freely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It will kick ff with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, fllwed by a vide featuring thse unfrgettable mments f ur schl life and the presentatin f diplmas.
拓展句：It will kick ff with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, which will be fllwed by a vide featuring thse unfrgettable mments f ur schl life and the presentatin f diplmas.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It will kick ff with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, fllwed by a vide featuring thse unfrgettable mments f ur schl life and the presentatin f diplmas.（运用了过去分词作后置定语、状语，现在分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】We need t set up a “gratitude wall”, where we can express ur gratitude t ur teachers, friends and parents, withut whse help we culd hardly succeed.（运用了动词不定式作宾语，where和whse引导的非限制性定语从句，含withut的含蓄条件句的虚拟语气）