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2025年中考英语二轮复习易错点01 定语从句(2份,原卷版+解析版)
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在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。
定语从句的构成:先行词+关系词+定语从句
如:I knw the girl wh is sitting under the tree.
↓ ↓ ↓
先行词 引导词 从句(定语从句)
关系词的选用
注意:关系代词that/wh/which/whm在定从中作宾语时可省略,作主语时不能省略
如:The cartns (that/which)I like have lts f jkes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。
The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。
1.(2023·西藏·统考中考真题)Su Bingtian is a player ________ runs fastest in China at present.
A.whichB.whC.whatD.where
2.(2023·新疆·中考真题)Lts f Chinese yung peple ___________ were brn after 1995 use dr-t-dr cking t save time.
A.thatB.thseC.whichD./
3.(2023·吉林·统考中考真题)The students are reading bks ________ are full f the “red spirit” these days.
A.whB.whereC.which
4.(2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题)Tday’s China is a cuntry ________ keeps t this natinal character.
A.whatB.whC.that
5.(2022·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题)— Jeff, what are yu watching?
— A shrt vide abut Zhang Guimei ________ stries mve me deeply.
A.whB.whmC.whse
6.(2022·福建·模拟预测)A true friend reaches fr yur hand and tuches yur heart. I will never frget all the teachers and friends with ________ I spent fur years.
A.whB.whmC.whse
关系代词只能用that的情况
(1)当先行词同时指人和物时,关系代词只能用that
如: My father and his teacher talked a lt abut the persns and things that they culdn’t remember.
(2)当先行词是all(指物), much, anything, smething, nthing, everything, little, nne 等不定代词时,关系代词只能用that.
如: Say all that yu knw/ Is there anything that I can d fr yu?
(3)当先行词有the ne, the very, the nly, the same 等修饰词时,关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用wh).
如:That’s the nly thing that I can d nw. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) wrds that he used.
(4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时,关系代词只能用that.
如:This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best nvel that I have read.
(5)当主句是wh或which 引导的特殊疑问句时,而中心词指人或物时,关系代词只能用that.
如:Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?
1.(2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题)If we study hard with big dreams, there is nthing ________ can’t be achieved.
A.whB.thatC.whm
2.(2023·四川达州·统考中考真题)—The Lifelng Jurney is ne f the mst tuching bks ________ I have ever read.
—Yeah, the bk is fantastic and I am lking frward t ________ it again.
A.that, readingB.which, t readC.that, t read
3.(2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题)China is the first natin ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ t the far side f the mn.
A.whichB.thatC.wh
4.(2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)I can’t frget the teachers and the university ________ I visited tw years ag. They bring me many sweet memries.
A.thatB.whichC.what
5.(2023·辽宁沈阳·统考三模)This is the nly bk ________ I find useful.
A.whichB.thatC.whD.whse
6.(2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考一模)—Wh d yu think is the girl ________ did the best in the 2021 Beijing Winter Olympics.
—Of curse, Gu Ailing.
A.whB.whseC.whmD.that
关系代词只能用which的情况
1)引导词前有介词
如:The schl campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。
(2)在非限制性定从中用which, 不用that
如:The huse, which we bught last mnth, is very nice.(不可用that)
1.T enter a gd high schl, we shuldn’t nly study the subjects in ________ we are interested.
A.thatB.whC.which
2.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考一模)It’s impssible fr anyne t take the svereignty(主权)ver Taiwan Island away frm China, ________ has been part f China since ancient times .
A.whereB.thatC.which
3.(2022秋·广东广州·九年级广州市第六十五中学校考阶段练习)Injun Je killed the dctr with a knife, ________ was put in Muff’s hand.
A./B.whichC.whD.what
4.(2022秋·广东江门·九年级校联考期中)I really enjyed my stay in Xi’an, ________ is indeed wrth ________ secnd visit.
A.which; aB.which; theC.that; theD.that; a
定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中,“ne f+复数名词” 作先行词时,谓语动词用复数形式。”the ne f/the nly ne f+复数名词”时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:He is the man wh / that lives next dr. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人。
He is ne f the students in his class wh have been t Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一。
1.He is the nly ne f the bys wh ________ the pian well.
A.playsB.playC.playingD.are playing
2.(2021·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题)—Have yu heard f the stry f Mulan?
—Of curse. Mulan is a brave girl ________ her father’s place t fight in the army.
A.whm takeB.that takeC.which takesD.wh takes
3.(2020·内蒙古·统考中考真题)The pht________ taken by my classmate last week is very nice.
A.which wereB.that isC.that wereD.which was
4.Mr. Smith is ne f the freign experts wh ________ in China.
A.wrksB.is wrkingC.are wrkingD.has been wrking
5.(2022·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题)—What kind f mvies d yu like?
—I prefer mvies _________ me smething t think abut.
A.whm giveB.wh givesC.which giveD.that gives
A组 中考真题
1.(2023·辽宁阜新·统考中考真题)The wman astrnaut ________ gave us a lessn n space is Liu Yang.
A.whichB.whseC.whD.whm
2.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题)—Wh is the her in yur mind?
—Huang Danian. He is a scientist ________ has helped China make great prgress in deep-sea explratin (勘探).
A.whereB.whichC.wh
3.(2023·青海·统考中考真题)A best friend is a persn _________ is always there when yu need him r her. As the saying ges, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
A.whmB.whseC.wh
4.(2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题)I will remember the imprtant peple ________ helped and supprted me in my life.
A.whichB.whseC.whmD.wh
5.(2023·辽宁营口·中考真题)The Aerspace Square ________ was cmpleted last year has becme a new turist attractin.
A.whichB.whC.whmD.where
6.(2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题)— What can we d fr the left-hme children ________ need help?
— We culd help them with their study nline n weekends.
A.whichB.whC.whm
7.(2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题)Gu Mru is a famus Chinese writer ________ is ppular arund the wrld.
A.whichB.whmC.wh
8.(2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题)Tea is the leaf f a plant ________ grws widely in China, Japan and ther cuntries.
A.whatB.whC.that
9.(2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题)Lei Feng is a great persn ________ sets a gd example t us.
A.whB.whichC.whse
10.(2023·四川成都·统考中考真题)He shwed me the phts ________ he tk at his graduatin ceremny.
A.thatB.whC.what
11.(2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题)—Vlunteering is a meaningful activity.
—I agree. We shuld express thanks t the peple ________ d vlunteer jbs.
A.whmB.whatC.whD.which
答案解析
1.C 【详解】句意:给我们在太空上上了一课的女宇航员叫刘洋。考查定语从句。先行词是The wman astrnaut,是人,且在从句中作主语,用wh引导定语从句。故选C。
2.C 【详解】句意:——你心目中的英雄是谁?——黄大年。他是一位帮助中国在深海勘探方面取得巨大进展的科学家。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是人,引导词在从句中作主语,故选C。
3.C 【详解】句意:最好的朋友是当你需要他或她时总是在那里的人。俗话说:“患难见真情。”考查定语从句关系词。根据“a persn ... is always there when yu need him r her”可知此处是定语从句,先行词指人且在从句中作主语,用wh引导定语从句。故选C。
4.D 【详解】句意:我将记住在我的生活中帮助和支持我的重要的人。考查定语从句。which哪一个;whse谁的;whm谁;wh谁。分析句子结构可知,此处是定语从句,先行词peple是指人,在从句中作主语,用关系词wh引导定语从句,故选D。
5.A 【详解】句意:去年竣工的航天广场已成为一个新的旅游景点。考查定语从句。分析句子可知,“ cmpleted last year”是作定语修饰The Aerspace Square,所以是定语从句,先行词是物,空处在句中作主语,所以用关系词which引导。故选A。
6.B 【详解】句意:——我们能为需要帮助的留守儿童做些什么?——我们可以在周末帮助他们在线学习。考查定语从句。which先行词指物;wh先行词指人,在从句中作主语;whm先行词指人,在从句中作宾语。本句先行词是the left-hme children,指人,且空格处在从句中作主语,故用wh引导定语从句。故选B。
7.C 【详解】句意:郭沫若是一位著名的中国作家,在世界各地都很受欢迎。考查定语从句。which指物,从句作主语,宾语;whm指人,从句作宾语;wh指人,从句中作主语,宾语。根据语义及句子结构可知,前后为两个句子,且空后句子为定语从句,修饰先行词writer“作家”,指人,且在定语从句中充当主语,用关系词wh。故选C。
8.C 【详解】句意:茶是一种广泛生长在中国、日本和其他国家的植物的叶子。考查定语从句。分析题干可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词“a plant”为物,空处在定语从句中作主语,应用that/which引导,故选C。
9.A 【详解】句意:雷锋是一个伟大的人,他给我们树立了好榜样。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是人,引导词在从句中作主语,故选A。
10.A 【详解】句意:他给我看了他在毕业典礼上拍的照片。考查定语从句。that引导定语从句,先行词是人/物;wh引导定语从句,先行词是人;what不引导定语从句。本句中先行词“the phts”是物,且在句中作宾语,用引导词that。故选A。
11.C 【详解】句意:——做志愿者是一个有意义的活动。——我同意。我们应该感谢那些做志愿者工作的人。考查定语从句。此句是定语从句,先行词peple是指人,在从句中作主语,用wh引导定语从句,故选C。
B组 最新模拟题
1.(2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测)Beijing is a city ________ many peple want t visit. In the city, yu can see past and future, dream and passin(激情).
A.thatB.whatC.where
2.(2023·吉林长春·校联考模拟预测)A graduatin ceremny is a custm ________ usually takes place in June.
A.whatB.whereC.whD.which
3.(2023·吉林长春·长春市解放大路学校校考模拟预测)Mr. Lee is a man ________ I can depend n. I trust him.
A.whichB.whenC.whD.what
4.(2023·黑龙江绥化·校考二模)The students ________ dn’t wrk hard will nt pass the exam.
A.whmB.whichC.wh
5.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考模拟预测)—Have yu ever heard the ppular chant (儿歌) , We Dig Dig a Hle (挖呀挖).
—Yes, it has the funniest lyrics ________ I can sing alng with.
A.thatB.whichC.wh
6.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考二模)—Of all the gd study habits ________ yu can develp, asking questins is the key because yu can always learn frm each ther in this way.
—Yu’re right.
A.thatB.whatC.wh
7.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考模拟预测)—Chris, the West Lake is s attractive!
—Yeah, the West Lake is the mst beautiful place ________ I have ever visited.
A.whB.whichC.that
8.(2023·吉林·统考模拟预测)The Wandering Earth 2 is a mvie ________ tells a stry abut hw peple tried t save the earth.
A.whB.whseC.which
9.(2023·吉林长春·统考模拟预测)Miss Zhang gave a speech ________ was very interesting.
A.whB.whereC.whatD.which
10.(2023·吉林·模拟预测)This is the bk ________ is interesting.
A.whichB.whereC.wh
11.(2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测)Zhang Guimei is the greatest teacher ________ we have knwn.
A.whB.whatC.that
12.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)—What are they ding?
—They are talking abut the teachers and schls ________ they visited yesterday.
A.whichB.whC.that
13.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测)Zhu Yangzhu is the spaceflight engineer fr Shenzhu XVI ________ has lved the blue sky and flying since he was a by.
A.whatB.whichC.wh
14.(2023·福建厦门·厦门双十中学校考模拟预测)Mst students like the teachers ________ understand them well.
A.whichB.whC.where
15.(2023·福建龙岩·统考模拟预测)As the saying ges, he ________ laughs last laughs best.
A.whB.whmC.which
16.(2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测)China has realized her prmise t give the wrld a Winter Olympics ________ is green and clean.
A.whmB.whichC.wh
17.(2023·福建南平·校联考模拟预测)— D yu like the sng Jian Hun n Duyin?
— Yes, I like the sngs ________ I can dance t.
A.whB.thatC.what
18.(2023·福建福州·福清第二中学校考模拟预测)With the launch f Shenzhu XV spacecraft, Deng Qingming finally made his space dream cme true. He is a her ________ encurages many teenagers.
A.whichB.thatC.whm
19.(2023·四川成都·校联考模拟预测)Lei Feng is a kind and helpful man ________ we shuld learn frm.
A.whB.whseC.which
20.(2023·福建泉州·模拟预测)—D yu knw the wman in the picture?
—Yes. She is Zhang Guimei, a kind headmaster __________ helps thusands f girls g t cllege.
A.whmB.whC.whse
21.(2023·福建莆田·模拟预测)—Why are yu s wrried?
—I’ ve lst the watch ________ my dad bught me n my birthday.
A.whichB.whC.whse
22.(2023·福建龙岩·统考一模)China is the first natin ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ t the far side f the mn.
A.whatB.whC.that
23.(2023·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考模拟预测)At the graduatin ceremny, we talked abut the teachers and the things ______ we remember.
A.whichB.thatC.wh
24.(2023·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考模拟预测)Linel Messi is a great ftball star ________ talent in sprts surprises me a lt.
A.whB.thatC.whse
25.(2023·甘肃天水·天水市逸夫实验中学校考模拟预测)I still remember the time ________ we spent tgether at Xisai Muntain last year.
A.whenB.whatC.whD.which
26.(2023·甘肃武威·统考模拟预测)I really like the girl ________ hair is blnd.
A.whB.whmC.whseD.that
27.(2023·甘肃陇南·统考三模)There are many wrks f art in the museum ________ we will visit tmrrw.
A.whB.whichC.whatD.whm
28.(2023·甘肃平凉·校考三模)This is the girl ________ mther is an English teacher f ur schl.
A.thatB.whC.whmD.whse
29.(2023·甘肃定西·校考模拟预测)Du Fu is a great Chinese pet ________ has becme ppular with many peple arund the wrld.
A.whmB.whseC.whD.which
30.(2023·福建·校联考三模)—What kind f mvie d yu like?
—I like the mvie ________ has a happy ending.
A.whatB.whC.which
31.(2023·福建泉州·统考三模)—What nice small gifts!
—S they are. They are fr thse ________ made prgress in the exam last week.
A.thatB.whC.which
32.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨风华中学校考三模)At the gate f the amusement park, an ld man is selling traditinal tys ________ are made by hand.
A.whB.whichC.in which
33.(2023·福建厦门·统考二模)Please pass me the magazine ________ has a pster f Fast X n the cver.
A.whatB.thatC.wh
34.(2023·辽宁朝阳·校联考二模)Rme is an ancient city ________ full f places f interest.
A.where isB.which isC.which areD.that are
35.(2023·江苏淮安·校考一模)It’s gd t knw ________ the dgs ________ live in the animal centre will be well cared fr while we are away.
A.what; whatB.hw; that
C.what; thatD.that; which
36.(2023·福建厦门·厦门一中校考三模)Zheng Qinwen ________ was brn in 2002 in Hubei Prvince is a rising star in tennis.
A.whB.whmC.which
37.(2023·吉林·统考一模)Jack Brwn still lives in the ld huse ________ his father gave him.
A.whB.whenC.which
38.(2023·福建泉州·统考二模)It’s time t say gdbye t my schl. I’ll always remember the peple ________ have helped me.
A.whmB.whichC.wh
39.(2023·福建厦门·统考二模)—D yu knw Quan Hngchan?
—Sure. She is an excellent player ________ is always hlding n t her dream.
A.whB.whatC.which
40.(2023·吉林长春·统考一模)The children will never frget the peple ________ helped them.
A.whB.whichC.whseD.whm
41.(2023·吉林长春·长春市解放大路学校校考二模)The educatinal prgram tries t shw the things __________ are imprtant in life.
A.whB.thatC.hwD.what
42.(2023·安徽宿州·统考二模)Yu are the nly persn ______ can help yurself ut.
A.thatB.whichC.whseD.whm
43.(2023·福建厦门·厦门双十中学校考二模)— What can we d fr the left-hme children in the village ________ need help?
— We can help them with their study nline n weekends.
A.whB.whichC.whse
44.(2023·西藏日喀则·统考二模)We shuld lk up t thse scientists ________ sent Tianzhu-1 Carg Spaceship(天舟一号) t space.
A.whB.whichC.whatD.when
45.(2023·黑龙江佳木斯·统考三模)—What d yu want t be in the future?
—I want t be a ftball player and it’s the nly thing ________ is interesting t me.
A.whatB.whC.that
46.(2023·安徽六安·统考三模)— What d the students usually d n the Schl Clean-up Day?
— They usually cllect the leaves_________ have fallen frm the trees.
A.whatB./C.thatD.wh
47.(2023·湖南永州·统考二模)—Lucy, what d yu think f the TV shw Happy Camp ?
—Wnderful. It’s ne f the mst interesting prgrams ________ I have seen.
A.thatB.whichC.wh
48.(2023·福建三明·统考三模)China’s first AI textbk ________ is fr primary and high schl students was intrduced t the public in 2019.
A.whB.thatC.what
答案解析
1.A 【详解】句意:北京是许多人想去的城市。在城市里,你可以看到过去和未来,梦想和激情。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句, 先行词是city,关系词在从句中作visit的宾语,用that引导定语从句。故选A。
2.D 【详解】句意:毕业典礼是一种习俗,通常在六月举行。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是物,引导词在从句中作主语,可用which引导定语从句。故选D。
3.C 【详解】句意:李先生是我可以信赖的人,我信任他。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是man,关系词在从句中作宾语,用wh引导定语从句。故选C。
4.C 【详解】句意:不努力的学生将不会通过考试。考查定语从句的关系代词。whm关系代词,在从句中作宾语,指人;which关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语,指物;wh关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语,指人。先行词为students,指人,关系词在从句作主语,因此用wh。故选C。
5.A 【详解】句意:——你听过流行的儿歌《挖呀挖呀挖》吗?——是的,它有着最有趣的歌词,我能跟着这首歌一起唱。考查定语从句的连接词。that和which都可以连接先行词是物的定语从句,但是先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,连接词只能用that,而不能用which。故选A。
6.A 【详解】句意:——在你可以养成的所有好的学习习惯中,提问是关键,因为这样你们就可以互相学习。——你是对的。考查定语从句。that那个,修饰人或物,引导定语从句;what什么,引导名词性从句;wh谁,引导定语从句,修饰人。此处是定语从句,先行词habits表示事物,因此用that引导定语从句,故选A。
7.C 【详解】句意:——克里斯,西湖太迷人了!——是的,西湖是我去过的最美丽的地方。考查定语从句关系词。根据“the mst beautiful place ... I have ever visited”可知先行词place指物,且在从句中作宾语,先行词有形容词最高级修饰,用that引导定语从句。故选C。
8.C 【详解】句意:《流浪地球2》是一部讲述人们如何努力拯救地球的电影。考查定语从句。分析空处前后可知,这是定语从句,先行词mvie指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用which引导,故选C。
9.D 【详解】句意:张小姐做了一个非常有趣的演讲。考查定语从句。wh关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;where关系副词,在定语从句中作地点状语;what什么,引导宾语从句,不能引导定语从句;which关系代词,指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。本句先行词是“speech”,在定语从句中作主语,指物。故选D。
10.A 【详解】句意:这是一本有趣的书。考查定语从句关系词。which关系代词,先行词为事物;where关系副词,先行词为表示地点的名词;wh关系代词,先行词为人。 根据“This is the interesting.”可知,句子为定语从句,先行词为bk,是物品,先行词为物品,关系词在从句中作主语,需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选A。
11.C 【详解】句意:张桂梅是我们所认识的最伟大的老师。考查定语从句。wh引导定语从句先行词为人,在从句中作主语或宾语;what不引导定语从句;that引导定语从句先行词为人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为teacher,表示人,但因为先行词前有最高级修饰,所以多用that引导定语从句,故选C。
12.C 【详解】句意:——他们正在做什么?——他们正在谈论昨天去拜访的老师和学校。考查定语从句的关系词。which关系代词,指物;wh,关系代词,指人;that关系代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 指物或指人。由题可知,空格处为定语从句引导词,从句先行词是the teachers and schls,既有人又有物,从句缺宾语,故that符合题意。故选C。
13.C 【详解】句意:朱扬柱是神舟十六号的航天工程师,从小就热爱蓝天和飞行。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是spaceflight engineer,关系词在从句中作主语,用wh引导定语从句。故选C。
14.B 【详解】句意:大多数学生喜欢能很好理解他们的老师。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此句是定语从句,先行词“teachers”指人,且关系代词在句中作主语,因此关系代词用wh。故选B。
15.A 【详解】句意:俗话说,笑到最后的人笑得最好。考查定语从句。wh先行词表示人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whm先行词表示人,在定语从句中作宾语;which先行词表示物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子,此处引导定语从句,先行词为he,表示人,在从句中作主语,故选A。
16.B 【详解】句意:中国实现了她给世界带来一届绿色、清洁的冬奥会的承诺。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处所在的是一个定语从句,先行词Winter Olympics指物,在从句中作主语,用which引导定语从句,故选B。
17.B 【详解】句意:——你喜欢抖音上的《剑魂》这首歌吗?——是的,我喜欢我能跳舞的歌。考查定语从句。wh引导定语从句时,在句中作主语或宾语,先行词是人;that引导定语从句时,在句中作主语或宾语,先行词是人/物;what不能引导定语从句。设空所在句是定语从句,空处在句中作宾语,且先行词是the sngs,表示物,所以用that连接,故选B。
18.B 【详解】句意:随着神舟十五号飞船的发射,邓清明终于实现了他的太空梦。他是一个英雄,鼓励了许多青少年。考查定语从句。which先行词是物,在从句中作主语或宾语;that先行词是人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;whm先行词是人,在从句中作宾语。分析句子结构,这是一个定语从句,先行词her是指人,在从句中主语,用that引导定语从句,故选B。
19.A 【详解】句意:雷锋是一个善良、乐于助人的人,我们应该向他学习。考查定语从句的用法。wh,先行词是人;whse 作定语;which先行词是物。根据“Lei Feng is a kind and helpful man…we shuld learn frm.”可知是一个定语从句,先行词是“man”,指人,且从句“learn frm”后缺少宾语,因此应用wh作引导词。故选A。
20.B 【详解】句意:——你知道照片里的女士吗?——知道。她是张桂梅,一位帮助成千上万的女孩上大学的和蔼可亲的校长。考查代词和定语从句。whm关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作宾语;wh关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whse关系代词,指人或物的,在定语从句中作定语。此处先行词headmaster,表示人,在定语从句中作主语,因此用wh引导定语从句。故选B。
21.A 【详解】句意:——你为什么这么担心?——我把爸爸在我生日那天给我买的手表弄丢了。考查定语从句。which哪个,在定语从句中,作主语或宾语,先行词是物;wh谁,在定语从句中,作主语或宾语,先行词是人;whse谁的,在定语从句中,作定语,先行词是人。空处在句中作宾语,且先行词是物the watch,所以用which引导定语从句,故选A。
22.C 【详解】句意:中国是第一个将嫦娥四号发射到月球背面的国家。考查关系代词。what不是关系代词;wh关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;;that关系代词,先行词指物或人,在从句中作主语或宾语。句子先行词是natin,在句中作主语,且先行词被序数词修饰,此处关系代词用that,故选C。
23.B 【详解】句意:在毕业典礼上,我们谈论了我们记忆中的老师和事情。考查关系代词。根据“we talked abut the teachers and the remember.”可知,此句是定语从句,且先行词是the teachers and the things,既有人又有物,关系代词用that。故选B。
24.C 【详解】句意:莱昂内尔·梅西是一位伟大的足球明星,他的体育天赋让我大吃一惊。考查定语从句。wh先行词指人,在从句中作主语、宾语;that先行词指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语;whse先行词指人或物,在从句中作定语。本句先行词指人,且连接词在从句中作定语修饰talent,故用whse。故选C。
25.D 【详解】句意:我仍然记得去年我们在西塞山一起度过的时光。考查关系代词。when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语;what不能引导定语从句;wh指人;which指物。从句“we spent tgether at Xisai Muntain last year”缺少宾语,且先行词time是物,which引导定语从句,指物,且可以在从句中作宾语。故选D。
26.C 【详解】句意:我真的很喜欢那个金发女孩。考查定语从句引导词。wh谁;whm谁,宾格;whse谁的;that那。根据“I really like the girl…hair is blnd.”可知此处是定语从句,空处指的是女孩的头发 ,应填whse作定语。故选C。
27.B 【详解】句意:我们明天将参观的博物馆里有很多艺术品。考查限制性定语从句。wh,引导限制性定语从句,指人,在从句中做主语或宾语;which,引导限制性定语从句,指物,在从句中做主语或宾语;what,引导名词性从句,在从句中做主语或宾语,不引导限制性定语从句;whm,引导限制性定语从句,指人,在从句中作宾语。“the museum”是先行词,指物,本空引导限制性定语从句,从句中visit后面缺少宾语,所以用which引导,且在从句中作宾语。故填B。
28.D 【详解】句意:这就是那个女孩,她的母亲是我们学校的英语老师。考查定语从句关系词。根据“the girl ... mther is an English teacher f ur schl”可知先行词the girl指人,在从句作定语,用whse引导定语从句。故选D。
29.C 【详解】句意:杜甫是一位伟大的中国诗人,他受到世界人民的欢迎。考查定语从句的关系词。whm谁,在句中作宾语,先行词是人;whse谁的,在句中作定语,先行词是人;wh谁,在句中作主语或宾语,先行词是人;which哪一个,在句中作主语或宾语,先行词是物。先行词pet指人,定语从句中缺少主语,因此关系代词应该用wh。故选C。
30.C 【详解】句意:——你喜欢什么类型的电影?——我喜欢有幸福结局的电影。考查定语从句。先行词是mvies,关系词在从句中作主语,用which引导定语从句。故选C。
31.B 【详解】句意:——多么漂亮的小礼物啊!——确实是。这些礼物是送给那些在上周的考试中取得进步的人的。考查定语从句。that引导定语从句,先行词为人或物;wh引导定语从句,先行词为人;which引导定语从句,先行词为物。根据“What nice small gifts!”和“They are fr prgress in the exam last week.”可知,“ prgress in the exam last week”是定语从句,先行词是指示代词thse(且thse在句中指代的是“上周在考试中取得进步的人”,此时定语从句的引导词应用wh。故选B。
32.B 【详解】句意:在游乐园门口,一位老人正在卖手工制作的传统玩具。考查定语从句。wh谁,在句中作主语或宾语,先行词是人;which哪一个,在从句中作主语或宾语,先行词是物;in which 介词+关系代词结构,在定语从句中作状语。分析句子结构,这是一个包含定语从句的复合句,因空白处在定语从句中作主语,先行词tys 指物,所以使用which引导定语从句。 故选B。
33.B 【详解】句意:请把封面上有《极速X》的海报的杂志递给我。考查定语从句关系词。what什么,连接代词;that关系代词,指代人或事物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;wh关系代词,指代人,定语从句中作主语或宾语。根据“the a pster Fast X the”可知,句子为定语从句,排除A,先行词“the magazine”为物品,此处需用that引导。故选B。
34.B 【详解】句意:罗马是一座充满名胜古迹的古城。考查定语从句和主谓一致。句子是定语从句,先行词是可数名词单数city,关系词在从句中作主语,用that/which引导定语从句,句子用一般现在时,从句谓语动词用单三。故选B。
35.D 【详解】句意:很高兴知道我们不在的时候,住在动物中心的狗会得到很好的照顾。考查宾语从句引导词和定语动词关系代词。根据“... live in the animal centre”可知,第二空为定语从句引导词,修饰先行词the dgs,先行词是物,从句缺主语,关系代词用which或that。根据“... the dgs ... will be well cared fr while we are away.”可知,第一空是宾语从句引导词,意思是“狗会得到很好的照顾”,由句意可知不存在疑问的含义,所以引导词用that。故选D。
36.A 【详解】句意:2002年出生于湖北的郑钦文是网坛的一颗逐渐升起的新星。考查定语从句。wh,关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whm,关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作宾语;which,关系代词,指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。根据“Zheng Qinwen ... was brn in 2002 ” 可知,先行词是“Zheng Qinwen”,是指人,在句中作主语,关系代词用wh。故选A。
37.C 【详解】句意:杰克·布朗仍然住在他父亲送给他的那所老房子里。考查定语从句。wh引导定语从句,先行词为人,在从句中作主语;when引导定语从句,先行词为时间,在从句中作时间状语;which引导定语从句,先行词为物,在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构,这是一个包含定语从句的复合句,先行词为the ld huse,指物,在从句中作宾语,因此应用which引导定语从句。故选C。
38.C 【详解】句意:是时候对我的学校说再见了。我将永远记住那些帮助过我的人。考查定语从句。whm在定语从句中指人, 作宾语;which在定语从句中指物,可作主语、宾语和表语;wh在定语从句中指人,可作主语、宾语或表语。分析该句可知先行词是“peple”,关系代词在句子中作主语,故选C。
39.A 【详解】句意:——你知道全红婵吗?——当然。她是一位总是坚持自己梦想的优秀的运动员。考查关系代词。wh谁,指人;what什么,不能引导定语从句;which哪个,指物。根据“She is an excellent player…is always hlding n t her dream.”可知是定语从句,先行词是“player”,指人,应用wh来引导。故选A。
40.A 【详解】句意:孩子们永远不会忘记帮助过他们的人。考查定语从句。wh关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;which关系代词,指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whse关系代词,指人或物的,在定语从句中作定语;whm关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作宾语。本句先行词是“peple”,在定语从句中作主语,指人,所以填wh。故选A。
41.B 【详解】句意:这个教育节目试图展示生活中重要的事情。考查定语从句。wh引导定语从句,先行词为人,在从句中作主语;that引导定语从句,先行词为物,在从句中作主语或宾语;hw和what不引导定语从句。分析句子结构,可知本句是定语从句,先行词things指物,关系词在句中作主语,应用that引导,故选B。
42.A 【详解】句意:你是唯一能帮助自己的人。考查that引导的定语从句。that指代人或物;which指代物;whse谁的;whm指代人。先行词“persn”被the nly修饰时,关系代词用that。故选A。
43.A 【详解】句意:——我们能为村里需要帮助的留守儿童做些什么?——我们可以在周末帮助他们在线学习。考查定语从句关系词。分析空格所在句可知为定语从句,先行词是“the left-hme children”指人,并在从句中作主语,用“wh”引导定语从句。故选A。
44.A 【详解】句意:我们应该尊重那些把天舟一号货运飞船送上太空的科学家。考查定语从句。wh,关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;which,关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;what,疑问代词,不能引导定语从句;when,关系副词,在从句中作时间状语。分析句子可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词thse scientists指人,在定语从句中作主语,用wh或that引导。故选A。
45.C 【详解】句意:——你将来想做什么?——我想成为一名足球运动员,这是我唯一感兴趣的事情。考查定语从句。分析题干可知此处是定语从句,先行词thing指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用that。故选C。
46.C 【详解】句意:——学生通常在学校扫除日做什么?——他们通常收集树上落下的树叶。考查定语从句关系词。what不能作定语从句的关系词;/省略关系词;that先行词指人或物,在句中作主语、宾语等;wh先行词指人,在句中作主语或宾语。根据“leaves”和“ fallen frm the trees”可知此处应填定语从句的关系词,定语从句的先行词leaves“树叶”是“物”,且在从句中做主语,不可省略,故选C。
47.A 【详解】句意:——露西,你觉得电视节目《快乐大本营》怎么样?——太棒了。这是我看过的最有趣的节目之一。考查定语从句。根据“It’s ne f the mst interesting prgrams…I have seen.”可知此处为定语从句,先行词“prgrams”是物,且有最高级“the mst interesting”修饰,应用that引导定语从句。故选A。
48 .B 【详解】句意:中国第一本面向中小学生的人工智能教科书于2019年向公众推出。考查定语从句。wh关系代词,先行词指人,作主语或宾语;that关系代词,先行词指人/物,作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句。句子先行词是“AI textbk”,指物,应用that引导定语从句,故选B。
关系代词
指代
在定从中所作成分
例句
which
物
主语 宾语
Lucy likes music which is gentle.
that
人、物
主语 宾语
Lucy likes music that is gentle.
The girl that has lng hair is his sister.
wh
人
主语 宾语
The girl wh has lng hair is his sister.
whm
人
宾语
He is the student that/wh/whm I like best.
whse
人的、物的
定语
I like thse bks whse tpics are abut histry.
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