2025年中考英语一轮复习语法讲义第06讲 非谓语动词之动词不定式（2份，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份2025年中考英语一轮复习语法讲义第06讲 非谓语动词之动词不定式（2份，原卷版+解析版），文件包含2025年中考英语一轮复习语法讲义第06讲非谓语动词之动词不定式教师版docx、2025年中考英语一轮复习语法讲义第06讲非谓语动词之动词不定式学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。
【复习目标】
1.掌握动词不定式的结构和句法功能，重点复习不定式作状语、宾语和补语
2.动词不定式的时态和语态
3. 不定式的特殊用法
4.不定式符号t的省略
5.跟动词不定式的情况总结归纳
6.练透近年中考真题中关于非谓语动词的题目，感悟高考命题规律和特点，实现高效备考。
【考情分析】
从近三年中考卷可以看出，对非谓语动词中不定式的考查是必考点，主要是考查非谓语动词作补语、定语和目的状语以及不定式作形式主语。考查的都是不定式的基本用法，但是题目的设置更加注重语境以及情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干的理解难度。因此，2024年中考备考要掌握不定式相关用法，熟悉动词不定式常用搭配。
名词题型命题规律
非谓语动词的动词不定式是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。

【网络构建】
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
构成：（t）+动词原形
动词不定
在句中的作用（主、宾、表、宾补、定、状）
非
谓 构成：V.-ing
语 动名词
动 用法（主、宾、表、定）
词
构成：现在分词 ding

过去分词 dne
分词
用法（表、补、定、状）
考向一动词不定式的结构和句法功能
动词不定式的结构
动词不定时的构成：不定式的基本形式为：t+动词原形，有时可以不用t，这里的t 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是nt+（t+）动词原形。
肯定式：t + 动词原形
It’s nice t meet yu.
(2)否定式：nt t + 动词原形
He tld me nt t leave this rm
(t是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带)
动词不定式的句法功能
不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：
①It is +adj.+fr/f sb.+(nt)t d sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。
②It takes sb.+sme time+t d sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂
如：T learn English well is useful.→ It is useful t learn English well.
It’s imprtant fr us t prtect the envirnment.
注意：在kind，gd，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用fr而用f。如：
It's very kind f yu t help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
不定式作宾语
有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：
wuld like, like, want, wish, hpe, decide, plan, expect等。
如： Wuld yu like t see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？
②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：
I find it easy t read English every day.
3.不定式作宾语补足语
tell, ask, want, allw, warn, advise, invite, get, encurage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如：Lucy asked him t turn dwn the radi.
My mther encurages me t learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
4.不定式作定语
不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
注意：如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
There is nthing t wrry abut. 没有什么可担心的。
The rm is big enugh fr 10 peple t live in .
表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词­ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个 别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。
What she likes is watching/t watch children play.
她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
My wish is t becme a gd teacher.
我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
注意：下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略t：
（1）主语是all其后有that引导的定语从句或what引导的从句，且从句中含有d的某种形式时。
（2）主语是the nly，the first，the last，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语从句，且定语从句中含有d的某种形式时。
All yu need t d nw is cmplete the frm.
你现在要做的是把这张表填好。
What I want t d mst in senir high schl is imprve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
The nly thing t d nw is g n.
前进是现在唯一的出路。
不定式作状语
不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。
T get there n time, we set ut at five in the mrning.
He ges there t enjy the fresh air.
He wrked day and night t get the mney.
考向二 动词不定式的特殊用法
不定式的特殊用法
①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略t。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen t)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(lk at, see, watch, ntice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的t则要加上。
②动词不定式的否定形式是nt t d，其被动形式为t be dne。
►Our teacher asked us nt t swim in the river alne. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。
③常接＂疑问词+带t的不定式＂的动词有teach, shw, tell, learn, find ut, decide, knw, frget等。
►My mther taught me hw t ck yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。
考向二 跟动词不定式的情况总结归纳
跟动词不定式的情况总结归纳：（加强记忆）
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①动词：agree t d同意去做；
affrd t d买得起；decide t d决定去做某事；hpe t d希望去做；wish t d希望去做；
fail t d做某事失败去；plan t d打算去做；pretend t d假装去做；
refuse t d拒绝去做；wuld like t d=want t d想要去做某事；learn t d 学做；
prefer t d sth. 喜欢（爱）做某事；sb. seem t d sth好像做某事；
used t d sth. 过去常做某事
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②句型.
allw sb. t d sth. 允许某人去做某事
ask/tell sb. (nt) t d sth. 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）
fllw sb. t d sth. 跟随某人去做某事 get sb. t d sth. 让某人做某事
warn sb. (nt) t d sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）
encurage sb. t d sth. 鼓励某人做某事 be afraid t d sth. 害怕做某事
be excited/glad/happy/srry/ frightened/amazed/surprised t d sth.
be/get ready t d sth.准备做某事 can’t wait t d sth. 迫不急待地去做某事
get/have a chance t d sth. 得到一个做某事的机会
It’s + adj.+(fr sb.) t d sth. / It’s +adj. +(f sb.) t d sth.
It takes sb. sme time t d sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）
It’s time fr sb. t d sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
t…(fr sb.) t …太……以致不能…… ==nt… enugh t d （常考）
prefer t d sth. rather than d sth. 宁愿……而不愿……（常考）
smething t eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西 Sth. is hard/difficult/easy t d 做好某事很难/容易
take turns t d sth. 轮流做……
There is n time (fr sb. ) t d sth. 对（某人来说）没时间做某事了
There is n need (fr sb.) t d sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事
try/d ne’s best t d sth. 尽力去做某事 have n chice but t d sth 别无选择只能做某事
have smething/nthing t d with sb 与有关/无关
一、单项选择
1．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）—Can I help yu, sir?
—I’d like t have smene ________ this letter.
A．e-mailedB．t e-mailC．e-mailingD．e-mail
2．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）The naughty bys were made ________ their maths hmewrk the next day.
A．handing upB．hand utC．t hand inD．t handing ff
3．（2023·吉林长春·模拟预测）________ a bright future, we teenagers shuld study hard and keep in gd health.
A．GetB．T getC．GettingD．Gt
4．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）________ hurting yurself, yu shuld stay away frm the biling water.
A．AvidingB．AvidC．T avid
5．（2023·四川自贡·一模）Mr. Wang is such a great teacher that he always des what he can ________ us.
A．helpB．t helpC．helping
6．（2023·四川凉山·模拟预测）When the mther heard her baby daughter say her first wrd, she felt s excited that she made a shrt vide n Tik Tk (抖音) ________ her jy.
A．sharedB．shareC．t shareD．sharing
7．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—We wn’t allw ________ in the supermarket.
—But we are allwed ________ in the restrm.
A．smking; smkingB．t smke; smking
C．t smke; t smkeD．smking; t smke
8．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·三模）Ms. Chu, I will tell yu my little secret if yu prmise ________ anyne else.
A．t tellB．tellC．nt t tellD．nt tell
9．（2023·江苏镇江·统考一模）I’m happy that Judy has becme the first ne ________ five bks during the Reading Week.
A．finishedB．t finishC．finishingD．finishes
10．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考二模）Mr Wang ften encurages us ________ clse t nature and enjy its beauty.
A．getB．gettingC．t getD．gets
11．（2023·重庆九龙坡·三模）T my surprise, my parents agreed__________ t the cncert with me.
A．gB．gingC．t gD．went
12．（2023·江苏淮安·校考一模）The willw catkins(柳絮) are ften seen ________ in Huaian in May.
A．swimB．t swimC．swimmingD．swam
13．（2023·重庆永川·统考一模）The teacher ften tells us ________ thers’ hmewrk because it’s bad fr us.
A．nt t cpyB．t nt cpyC．nt t cpyingD．t nt cpying
14．（2023·福建福州·三模）Cle made a survey ________ hw many cities have hsted the Olympic Games.
A．find utB．t find utC．fund ut
15．（2023·甘肃定西·统考三模）My father ften tells me ________ t much time ________ cmputer games.
A．nt t spend; playB．t spend; play
C．nt t cst; playingD．nt t spend; playing
16．（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）Wang Hui gets up early every mrning ________ running.
A．practiceB．t practiceC．practicesD．practicing
17．（2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考一模）It’s imprtant fr us ________ hard in rder t have a better life.
A．wrkedB．wrkingC．wrkD．t wrk
18．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考二模）Mr. Brwn asked us t stp ________ and we stpped ________ t him at nce.
A．talking; t listenB．t talk; t listenC．talking; listening
19．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考二模）—Jim, what makes yu ________ s excited?
—I will visit a Chinese family tmrrw.
A．t feelB．feelC．feeling
20．（2023·西藏日喀则·统考二模）We fund ________ very interesting ________ English.
A．it; learningB．it; t learnC．that; t learnD．this; learning
二、用所给单词适当形式填空
21．（2023·云南昆明·模拟预测）Pang Meng wanted the magic medicine frm Change’e. (steal)
22．（2023·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）He’s made a decisin (give up) the chance t g abrad.
23．（2023·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）We shuld make a right plan fr urselves and try ur best (reach) ur gals.
24．（2023·甘肃临夏·统考模拟预测）We are suppsed (d) sme husewrk fr ur parents when we have free time.
25．（2023·甘肃定西·模拟预测）Tm wants t invite me (play) basketball.
26．（2023·甘肃白银·统考二模）His mther tld him (wait) fr her at hme.
27．（2023·甘肃白银·统考三模）Her mther tld her (take) ut the rubbish after lunch.
28．（2023·甘肃定西·统考一模）Miss White always tells us (read) the text alud.
29．（2023·甘肃庆阳·统考一模）Our English teacher ften encurages us （study） hard.
30．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）Everyne needs (avid) making the same mistakes.
31．（2023·湖北武汉·一模）The teacher’s help made it pssible fr me (make) s much prgress.
32．（2023·江苏南京·统考二模）As animal-lvers, they d everything they can (save) wild animals.
33．（2023·江苏淮安·统考二模）My English teacher ften advises us (practice) speaking mre ften.
34．（2023·江苏淮安·三模）It is easy fr peple (travel) arund Huai’an by tram (有轨电车).
35．（2023·江苏无锡·统考二模）The bus was late. The pr ld man had n chice but (wait) in the rain.
三、语法填空
（2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）
Thursday July 3rd Sunny
Tday was the third day f ur trip. My parents and I walked fifteen miles t reach a faraway village. We wanted t rent（租赁） 36 huse there. There was nly ne empty huse.We fund ut the wner. He tld us nt 37 it.N ne liked t live there fr there was a ghst（鬼）. But dad said it culd be ne f ur exciting 38 in ur trip and we had that huse at last.
At night, we quickly fell asleep 39 we were t tired after a day’s walk. Suddenly, I felt I 40 by a cld hand. I gt up and felt scared. N, it was n ghst but mm. But she was shaking. I asked 41 . She said nthing but pinted t the windw. Yes, smebdy seemed t be mving abut. The sund was smetimes n the tp f the huse and 42 n the grund. Even it seemed t fly thrugh the air. We were all t scared t mve. After sme time, dad and I made up ur mind t g ut and 43 .
But when dad pened the dr. I felt even 44 . I heard the sund as befre, but saw n ne. And then suddenly all was clear. There was an wl flying abut. Smene had tied bells 45 its legs, which made a sund whenever it mved. We had a gd laugh and went t sleep.
What an unfrgettable experience it was!
36．A．aB．anC．theD．/
37．A．buyB．t buyC．takeD．t take
38．A．secretB．secretsC．experienceD．experiences
39．A．althughB．befreC．becauseD．unless
40．A．tuchB．am tuchedC．tuchedD．was tuched
41．A．why did she tuch me B．why she tuched me C．hw did she tuch meD．hw she tuched me
42．A．hardlyB．usuallyC．alwaysD．smetimes
43．A．seeB．sawC．hearD．heard
44．A．scaredB．mre scaredC．interestedD．mre interested
45．A．tB．frC．frmD．with
一、用所给单词适当填空
1．（2023·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）Our gvernment has taken actin (make) life in the cuntryside better.
2．The spirit f Lei Feng tells us （help） peple in need.
3．（2023·湖南永州·统考中考真题）I’ve decided （stay）away frm fried fd and sft drinks since I had my medical exam.
二、完成句子
4．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）多吃蔬菜和水果有助于人们保持健康。
Eating mre vegetables and fruits helps peple .
5．（2023·陕西·统考中考真题）喝水对我们的身体有好处。
It’s gd fr us t .
6．（2023·甘肃武威·统考中考真题）每日练习对学习英语来说很重要。
It’s t English every day.
三、单项选择
7．（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）—D yu always get up s early?
—Yes. ________ the first bus. My hme is far away frm schl.
A．T catchB．CatchingC．CaughtD．Catches
8．（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）Our art teacher encurages us ________ clrful things in life.
A．lk frB．lks frC．lking frD．t lk fr
9．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）________the quality f PE classes, sme schls put smart technlgy int use.
A．ImprvingB．T imprveC．ImprveD．Imprved
四、语法填空
（2023·广东·统考中考真题）
请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
David is a 15-year-ld by and he is crazy abut space. He always wnders hw space statins wrk. Fr him, a space camp is 10 than any ther camp in the wrld.
At the age f seven, David had 11 first astrnaut (宇航员) training experience. He and his parents 12 t a Family Space Camp. They had a taste f what it was like t travel 13 space. Everything was magical. 14 excited David was!
David has been t many space camps ver the last eight years. Last mnth, he went t 15 new space camp. It had a lt f fun training prgrams, 16 he enjyed all f them. There he was ften asked 17 he liked space camps s much. “I feel like a real astrnaut in the space camp, and I dn’t even need 18 the earth,” he said.
These experiences have influenced his life. Nw David 19 space science. He has made up his mind t be a space engineer in the future.
10．A．greatB．greaterC．the greatest
11．A．heB．himC．his
12．A．invitedB．are invitedC．were invited
13．A．nB．inC．fr
14．A．HwB．WhatC．What an
15．A．aB．anC．the
16．A．rB．butC．and
17．A．whyB．whenC．where
18．A．leaveB．leavingC．t leave
19．A．studyB．is studyingC．was studying
功能
例句
说明
主语
T speak English is nt easy fr us
=It is nt easy fr us t speak English.
作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。
表语
My wrk is t clean the rm everyday.
=T clean the rm every day is my wrk.
多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。
宾语
—What sprts des he like t play?
—He likes t play basketball.
只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补
My mther made me play the pian all the time.
在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略t。
定语
Have yu gt anything t say?
不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语
I'm srry t truble yu.（表原因）。
I went t the library t study English.（表目的）
不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。