2025高考英语语法复习专题讲义三动词的时态与语态及动词短语

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动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态（tense）是一种动词形式，同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态，英语中有16种时态。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项：（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时；此外还列了被动语态，并将其作为单独一项。
动词的时态
一、一般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数
1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。
（1）直接加“s”：wrk→wrks，take→takes
（2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：carry→carries
（3）以“, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：g→ges，dress→dresses，watch→watches，finish→finishes
2．功能：
（1）表现在的事实、状态或动作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I have a dream.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She lves music.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Mary's parents get up very early.
（2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与ften，smetimes，usually，always，every week，ccasinally，frequently，seldm等时间副词连用。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I always take a walk after supper.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She writes t me very ften.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③She is an English teacher.
（3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The earth mves arund the sun.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Tw and tw makes fur.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④ N man but errs.
（4）表示将来发生的动作：
A．在由when，after, befre，as，as sn as，althugh，because，if，even if，in case，till，until，unless，as lng as，where，whatever，wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① I'll tell her when she cmes tmrrw.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② Even if it rains this afternn, I'll meet yu.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Whatever happens, yu shuld keep cl-headed.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④ I'll be right here waiting fr yu wherever yu g.
B．按时间表将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The play begins at 6:30 this evening.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②When des the plane take ff?
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③He leaves fr that city next week.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Accrding t the timetable, the train starts at 9 ’clck.
二．一般过去时：动词的过去式
1．表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①We visited the schl last spring.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I went t schl by bike when I was in middle schl.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③China was funded in 1949.
2．在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She tld me she wuld’t g with us if it rained the next day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②They wuld nt leave until she came back.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③His girlfriend prmised t marry him nce he bught her a big huse.
三．一般将来时：shall / will + 动词原形
1．表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He will graduate frm the cllege next year.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We shall finish ur wrk as quickly as pssible.
2．将来时的其它结构。 例如：
I .is/am/are ging t d sth.（美国口语中常读作be gnna）
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I'm ging t buy a new car this fall.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He is ging t sell his huse.
注意：be ging t与will的对比：下列情况须用will
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I will be sixteen years ld next year.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It will be the 20th f August tmrrw.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③When he cmes, I will give him yur message.
II. is/am/are + t d sth.表示计划安排做某事或征求意见。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Am I t take ver his wrk?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We are t meet at the gate.
III. is/am/are abut t d sth. 即将做某事。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The talk is abut t begin.
四．一般过去将来时：wuld + 动词原形
1.表示过去某时之后将出现的情况，通常用于宾语从句中。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He said that they wuld meet me at the statin.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She tld me that she wuld cme t see me.
2.表示过去习惯性动作（不管什么人称都用wuld）。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Whenever he had time,Tm wuld g t see his grandma.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The ld cuple wuld g fr a walk after supper.
注意句型：
was/were abut t d sth. when……正要做某事,这时……
=was/were n the pint f ding sth. when……（when引导的从句要用一般过去时）例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He was abut t g ut when the telephne rang.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I was abut t g shpping when it rained.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③She was n the pint f having supper when the light went ff.
五．现在进行时：is / am / are +现在分词
1．表示现在正在进行的动作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The water is biling. Shall I make tea?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The wrkers are building a new bridge acrss the river.
2．表现阶段正进行的动作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He is taking physics this semester.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We are preparing fr ur final examinatin this week.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Dn't yu think yu eat t much? Yu're putting n weight.
3．g, cme, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, jin, etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① Lk! The bus is cming.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The ld man is seriusly ill, and he is dying.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Alice is leaving fr Shanghai with her mther.
4．与 always, frever, cntinually, cnstantly 等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He is always thinking f thers.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The by is cntinually making nises.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The teacher is cnstantly criticizing her fr being late.
六．过去进行时：was /were +现在分词
1．表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。 例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②When I arrived, they were watching TV.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③They were ding husewrk this time last week.
2．用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She tld me t wake him up if she was sleeping.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I asked my friend t warn me abut it as lng as I was driving t fast.
3．过去某时将发生的事。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①They tld me that they were leaving fr New Yrk.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He was ging ut when I arrived.
七．将来进行时：shall / will be + 现在分词
1．表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①What will yu be ding this time tmrrw?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I will be having dinner this time tmrrw.
2．用将来进行时询问别人的计划、打算比用一般将来时更显礼貌。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Will yu be having supper with us this evening?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Will yu be cming t see us tmrrw?
3．将来进行时表示对即将发生的动作的推测。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She will be arriving at Shanghai tmrrw mrning.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The car will be ging at the speed f 100 miles an hur.
八．现在完成时：have / has +过去分词
1．表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet，just，befre，recently，lately，ever，never等表时间的副词搭配使用。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He hasn't seen her lately.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I haven't finished the bk yet.
2．表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：s far（迄今为止），up till nw（直到现在），fr a lng time（很长时间），，in the past / in the last few years（在过去的几年里），these days（这些日子）。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He has wrked here fr 15 years.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I have studied English since I came here.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The freigner has been away frm China fr a lng time.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④S far, I haven't received a single letter frm my brther.
3．某些非延续性动词（即：动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。
I．常见的非延续动词：die, arrive，jin，leave，g, refuse，fail，finish，buy，marry，divrce，awake ，buy，brrw，lend 等。
II．这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由fr引导的时间状语。
III．但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She has gne away fr a mnth.（误）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She has been away fr a mnth （正）
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The man has died fr tw years.（误）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The man has been dead fr tw years.（正）
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Hw lng have yu bught the bk?（误）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Hw lng have yu had the bk.（正）
4．几组对比：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He has gne t Shanghai. 他去上海了。
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He has been t Shanghai. 他去过上海。
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She has gne.她已走了。
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She is gne.她缺席了。（r她死了。）
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The dr has been clsed.门关上了。（动作）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The dr is clsed.门是关着的。（状态）
九．过去完成时：had + 过去分词
1．表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①They had gt everything ready befre I came.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The play had begun befre I gt t the theater with my byfriend.
2．过去完成时常用于 hardly / scarcely ... when, n sner ... than（“一……就”）等固定句型结构中。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She had hardly / scarcely gne t bed when the bell rang.
=Hardly/Scarcely had she gne t bed when the bell rang.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He had n sner arrived at the railway statin than he met her parents.
=N sner had he arrived at the railway statin than he met her parents.
注意 ：hardly /scarcely/n sner 在句首时要用部分倒装。
3．intend（打算），mean（打算），plan（计划）hpe（希望），want（想要）等动词的过去完成时用来表示“本打算/本计划/本希望/本想要做而没有”做的事。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I had intended t call n yu yesterday, but smene came t see me just when I was abut t leave.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②They had planned t hld a ftball match last week, but they had t cancel it because f the bad weather.
十．将来完成时：shall / will have +过去分词。
表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①They will have been here fr 5 years next Friday.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②By the end f this mnth, he will have finished the bk.
十一．现在完成进行时：have / has + been + 现在分词
1．表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I have been waiting fr an hur but she hasn't cme.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He has been running after her fr 8 years.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③I have been learning English since six years ag.
2．表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
3.表某种感情色彩。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I've been wanting t see yu fr s many years.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Wh's been telling yu such nnsense.
现在完成时与现在完成进行时对比：
现在完成时强调“结果”，而现在完成进行时强调“动作的延续”。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I have thught f it.（我已想到了这一点。）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I have been thinking f it.（我一直在想这一点。）
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Jim has painted the dr.（杰姆已将门油漆过了。）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Jim has been painting the dr.（杰姆一直在油漆门。）
注意：表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。例如，我们可以说：I have knwn him fr years.但是不能说：I have been knwing him fr years.这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：lve，like，hate等等。
十二．过去完成进行时：had been + 现在分词
表示过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She said that she had been typing a paper befre I came in.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I had been waiting fr him befre he arrived.
十三．过去将来进行时：wuld be + 现在分词
表示从过去某时看将来某个时侯正在进行的动作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He asked me what I wuld be ding when he came the next day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He said that he wuld be reading the bk all mrning tmrrw.
十四．过去将来完成时：wuld have +过去分词
表示从过去某个时间看将来某时之前动作已经完成。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He said that they wuld have arrived by seven 'clck.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I thught she wuld have tld yu smething by then.
十五．将来完成进行时：shall / will have been + 现在分词
表示某一动作从某时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间，是否继续下去由上下文决定。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①By the end f next year，we will have been ding business with each ther fr 20 years.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We shall have been staying here fr fur weeks when Tm arrives.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③It will have been raining fr a week if it des nt stp tmrrw.
十六. 过去将来完成进行时：wuld have been + 现在分词
表示从过去的某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来的某一时间。动作是否继续进行，由上下文决定。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He said that by the end f the spring term he wuld have been studying English fr three years.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She tld me that she wuld have been teaching in that university fr 10 years by that summer.
动词的被动语态
一 .被动语态的构成：被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成，其中be动词本身没有意义，但有人称、单复数以及时态的变化。(不及物动词没有被动语态)常见各种时态
对应的被动语态：（以d为例）
二.含有情态动词的被动语态：
由情态动词must/can/culd/may/might/shuld/wuld+be dne构成。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The task must be finished befre this weekend.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He shuld be punished because he tld lies.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The bk may be taken away by smene.
三. 被动语态的用法：
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者,被动语态中的介词短语by sb.通常省略。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The streets are swept every day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②His car has been stlen.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Rice is grwn in many cuntries.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④This kind f advertisement can be seen everywhere.
2.带双宾语的及物动词变成被动语态有两种变法，指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语更常见。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He gave her a beautiful gift yesterday.
→A beautiful gift was given t her (by him).或者
→ She was given a beautiful gift (by him).
3.get +过去分词表被动，表示一种结果或状态。常见结构有：get killed/cheated/burnt/wunded/paid/hurt/lst/married/caught.例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He gt killed in the traffic accident last week.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Dn’t get cheated by her beauty.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③He gt caught by the plice because he exceeded the speed limit.
4.have sth dne以及get sth dne（主要用于口语中）常常表示安排别人把事情做好或谈论意外的、不好的事情。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I need t have my hair cut.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Yur watch is brken,yu’d better get it repaired.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③If yu dn’t get ut f my huse, I will have yu arrested .
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④We had ur mney stlen when we were n hliday.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Je had his leg brken in a fight.
5.have sth t be dne表示主动提出请求帮助别人做某事。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I am ging shpping ,d yu have anything t be bught?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I intend t spend my hliday in ur hmetwn,d yu have anything t be taken t yur parents?
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③D yu have anything t be typed,sir?
四．主动形式表被动意义：
1.lk，feel，taste，sund，smell，appear，seem，prve，turn，stay，becme，fall，get，keep，grw等系动词+形容词或名词构成系表结构。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The ice feels cld.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②His plan prved practical.
2.表示开始、结果、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，pen，clse，stp，end，shut，run，mve等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Wrk began at 7'clck this mrning.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The shp clses at 6 p.m every day.
3.形容词easy，hard，fit，nice，dangerus，difficult等后面接动词不定式，且不定式和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①This kind f water is fit t drink.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The text is easy t understand.
4.某些动词如read,write,sell,wash,clean,lck,pen,dry等在表示主语的某种性质时，常用主动表被动。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The clthes washes well.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Yur pen writes smthly.
5.其他的主动表被动的情况。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The bk is wrth reading.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②My bike needs/wants/requires repairing.
=My bike needs/wants/requires t be repaired.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Wh is t blame?
动词的时态与语态易错点
易错陷阱1：一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点
【分析】
The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted rf beams and pillars(柱子).
易错分析：对一般规则死记硬背，不具体分析句子结构和句意。在时态题中，上下文的时态暗示是重要线索。应当在句中瞻前顾后寻找并列连词and, but, r, rather than, r, nt als...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
易错陷阱2：一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点
【分析】
易错陷阱3：现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点
【分析】
易错陷阱4：主动语态和被动语态易混易错点
【分析】
受母语干扰，翻译上下文时混淆被动语态与主动语态。
混淆谓语动词被动语态构词be+dne与非谓语动词重点过去分词dne。
不及物动词及表示主语品质和状态的动词不用被动语态，如：sell, read, write, lck, wash, drive等。系动词不用被动语态，如：lk看起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, sund听起来, feel摸起来, prve证明时, turn ut结果，证明等。
【易错点提醒一】 一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点
As a little girl, I ________ (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.
易错分析：不关注句中的时间状语As a little girl和逻辑意思理解错误是失分原因。
The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that ________ (be)previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
易错分析：句子较长，容易引起句子结构分析失误和翻译的重心转移，从而忽略关键词previusly。
The bridge (call) the Bach Lng suspensin bridge. It means “White Dragn” in Vietnamese.
易错分析：未能瞻前顾后，正确理解上下文的含义。下文means给出限速，强调客观事实。
Panda cnservatin, n its wn, _____ (be) a success up t nw.
【易错点提醒二】 一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点
He raised a glass f water and asked the audience, “Hw heavy d yu think this glass f water is?” The students’ answers (range) frm 20g t 500g.
易错分析：本题重在分析句子结构，容易误填ranging，应知此处作谓语。谓语与非谓语的考查是高考的重点。
Nting China’s achievements f green develpment in urban and rural areas, Zhang Xiahng, vice minister f husing and urban-rural develpment, ___(stress) the difficult task f saving energy and reducing carbn emissins in urban and rural cnstructin at a press cnference n Mnday.
易错分析：此句属于长难句，句子结构容易分析错误从而不会正确翻译，同时上下文时态的兼顾也是解题重点。
Since the Chinese highly qualified silk_________(make) its fame t the western cuntries, the merchants sught the pprtunity f trading Chinese silk alng this rute and gained a great frtune.
易错分析：此题容易因为since而受到干扰，应当正确分析句子结构，理解since此处表“因为”。不能单纯看词形识别时间状语，英语单词由很多是一词多义，需具体分析上下文逻辑意思。
In fact, there is a Lanzhu Beef Ndles restaurant right dwnstairs, which is abut 100 yards frm ur Beijing apartment, My niece Kim came t visit us in Beijing this summer, and after visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bwl f ndles t be the best thing she (eat) in China ever.
【易错点提醒三】现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点
I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I_____ （make）ver the years.
易错分析：本题出错主要因为固定短语记忆不牢及汉语翻译已经错误联想had dne运用过去完成时则句中要出现表示过去的动作或时间。要牢记现在完成时经常搭配的时间状语：since, s far, up t nw, in/ver/during the past days等。
On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example,rughly 200 academics - many f them climate scientists （prmise） t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
易错分析：受到母语翻译影响，很多学生只要翻译为“已经”，就联想到have的过去时had，继而had dne, 属于现在完成时和过去完成时构成形式记忆不牢。
By Aug 19, Haihua Island________ (receive) ver 1 millin turists during the summer vacatin.
易错分析：未能牢记过去完成时经常搭配的时间状语如by +过去时间，by the end f+过去时间。
He mentined that the Chinese market is significant fr jade prducts, and his business (perate) in China fr 10 years.
【易错点提醒四】 主动语态和被动语态易混易错点
Wudang martial arts based n the Taist idelgy (create) by ne f the mst famus Taists, named Zhang Sanfeng in the early years f the Ming Dynasty.
易错分析：句子结构分析错误，谓语动词分析不当，混淆谓语的被动语态和过去分词都是错误原因。
Tday, the mdernist cmplex (stck) with s many art wrks that the exhibit arenas can shw just a part f them at a time, making the artistic special exhibitins a highlight f any visit t the Getty.
易错分析：句子结构分析错误，未能正确理解句子的意思和句子成分，本句属于正确拆分长难句，并分析逻辑关系。
The chice f “Turret f Palace Museum” as the theme fr the mini building blck prject (base) n several factrs.
The reinfrced glass (use) fr the bridge can hld up t 450 peple at a time.
易错分析：不关注设空后的句子成分，未能发现can hld才是真正的谓语动词，容易误填be dne。
高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1．（2024·天津和平·二模）—He has gt A fr his term paper. He must have prepared fr it fr a lng time.
—Exactly. He _______ the whle summer ding research thrugh Eurpe.
A．has spentB．had spentC．spentD．wuld spend
2．（2024·天津和平·二模）Accrding t the dctr, this time next week, I_______ arund as nrmal and the cut n my ft _______ cmpletely.
A．am walking, healedB．will be walking, will have healed
C．walks, is ging t healD．have been walking, heals
3．（2024·天津·一模）The number f firms selling smartphnes in this regin ______ since last year.
A．drppedB．was being drpped
C．have been drppingD．has drpped
4．（2024·山东济南·二模）-- ______?
--Yes, a bit cld, thugh.
A．Freezing, isn't itB．Nice day, isn't it
C．Bad weather, dn't yu thinkD．Cld weather, isn't it
5．（2024·天津·二模）Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Histrical Assciatin ______ t friendly interactins between the Chinese and American peple.
A．has cntributedB．has been cntributing C．cntributedD．cntributes
6．（2024·天津·模拟预测）—I really shuldn’t have been s rude and lst my temper.
—Well. I ______ yu t hld back yur anger, but...
A．have remindedB．had remindedC．wuld remindD．reminded
7．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）— Culd yu attend the lecture abut city develpment tmrrw afternn?
— Srry, I ______ t Paris fr a Chinese silk exhibitin then.
A．will be flyingB．will fly
C．flyD．am flying
8．（2024·天津·二模）I miss my parents very much; I_______ frm my hme fr 5 mnths by next Sunday.
A．am awayB．will have been awayC．have been awayD．will be away
9．（2024·天津·二模）There is a river near my hme, int which large quantities f waste water _______ pured every day in the past.
A．wereB．have beenC．wasD．has been
10．（2024·天津南开·一模）She ________that the glass wuld break while pening the windw.
A．has frightenedB．was frightenedC．frightenedD．had frightened
11．（2024·天津红桥·一模）The cars prduced in ur factry sell well, but several years ag n ne culd have imagined the rle in the market that they ________.
A．were t playB．were playingC．had playedD．played
12．（2024·天津和平·一模）Shadw puppets ______ in China and ______ as far as Turkey and Greece tday.
A．will riginate; have been spreadingB．riginate; will be spreading
C．was riginated; is spreadingD．riginated; have spread
13．（2024·天津河东·一模）I’m afraid I can’t g shpping with yu this Sunday afternn because I ______a meeting at that time.
A．will haveB．will be havingC．has hadD．wuld have
14．（2024·天津河北·一模）Nearly seventeen centuries ________ befre the city f Pmpeii was dug frm its silent resting place.
A．has rlled awayB．had rlled awayC．rlled awayD．was rlling away
15．（2024·天津和平·一模）I haven’t finished my hmewrk yet. I ______ my mther in the kitchen all day yesterday.
A．have been helping B．was helping C．had helpedD．have helped
16．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The students spent as much time getting trained as they ______ studying.
A．dislikedB．wereC．hadD．did
17．（2024广东深圳·一模）Recent years ______ a significant increase in the use f AI acrss different aspects f human life.
A．sawB．See C．are seeingD．have seen
18．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Fr many years, mre than ne generatin f schlchildren ________ by his bravery and his scientific apprach t lking fr the truth.
A．have been amazedB．has been amazed
C．was amazedD．were amazed
19．（2024山东济南二模）The lady insisted that the yung man ________ her wallet and that he shuld be sent t the plice statin at nce.
A．had stlenB．stealC．has stlenD．stle
20．（2024·天津·一模）Better than half a billin dllars ______ that fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat ver the past eighty years.
A．have gne intB．had gne int
C．have been gne intD．has gne int
21．（2024·天津武清·二模）Hundreds f peple spent gd mney n an experience that they knew ______ crwds, discmfrt and danger.
A．includeB．will include
C．includedD．wuld include
22．（2024江苏南通三模）The lcal gvernment annunced that nly when the fire was under cntrl ________ t return t their hmes.
A．the residents wuld be allwedB．had the residents been allwed
C．wuld the residents be allwedD．the residents had been allwed
23．（2024·广东湛江·一模）________that it was already the furth time that he _________abrad.
A．S lucky was he; traveledB．S lucky he was; traveled
C．S lucky was he; had traveledD．S lucky he was; had traveled
24．（2024·山东临沂·二模）— I want t knw when Lucy ______ t my birthday party this Sunday.
— I dn’t knw. But I think she will tell me when she ______.
A．cmes; cmesB．cmes; will cme
C．will cme; cmesD．will cme; will cme
25．（2024·江苏连云港·三模）I __________ t give yu just a surprise quiz but n secnd thught I chse t let yu reflect n yur exercises.
A．had intendedB．has intendedC．intendedD．has been intended
二、单词拼写
26．（2024·陕西西安·一模）As sn as the fire alarm went ff, everyne in the building (逃离) t the nearest exit. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
27．（2024·山东潍坊·模拟预测）Yu have f (原谅) me, haven’t yu? (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
三、翻译
28．（2024·上海·模拟预测）这所百年老校近年来开展了一系列“古典乐进课堂”活动，让更多学生感受到经典的独特魅力。(launch)

29．（2024·上海·模拟预测）尽管市场上饮料品种丰富，但我还是深深着迷于中国传统的茶文化。(althugh)

30．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）他运动之前习惯热身和拉伸以避免受伤。(ritual)

31．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）为缓解人口老龄化的压力，中国政府正在建立更多的社区机构来为老年人的生活提供支持。(ease)

32．（2024·上海宝山·二模）坦率地说，考试分数只能作为一个参考，不能作为评价的唯一标准。(guideline)

33．（2024·上海松江·二模）这位摄影师觉得去热门景点拍照没意思，他已计划好要去沙漠找灵感。(instead)

34．（2024·上海松江·二模）她原以为没多少人会来体育馆看比赛，结果看台上座无虚席。(it)

35．（2024·上海松江·二模）这家软件公司会从技术上保护设计师的创意。(perspective)

36．（2024·上海松江·二模）大多数中国人喜欢在生日的时候吃碗面。(tend)

37．（2024·上海崇明·二模）你只要脚踏实地，努力做好每一件事，你的梦想就会离你越来越近。(effrt)

38．（2024·上海崇明·二模）毫无疑问，这个历史小镇已成为了很多游客追捧的旅游胜地。(dubt)

39．（2024·上海崇明·二模）难以置信的是，她看似柔弱，却是一个渴望探险的女孩子。(lng)

40．（2024·上海虹口·二模）随着人们的生活回归正轨，工作节奏加快，一些宠物被遗弃街头无家可归。(As)

动词和动词短语（讲义）
动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年高考题中所占比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中，考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面:
1.动词的词义；2.动词搭配；3.动词短语；4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；5.常用动词的用法；6.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法（break, bring, call, cme, cut, give, g, get, hld, lk, make, put, set, take, turn, set（改为send）等）
动词的分类
根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类：
1.行为动词（实义动词）
①及物动词 （带宾语）：study, develp;
②不及物动词（不带宾语）wrk, swim, g, cme
③状态动词（相对静止）cntain, exist, wn, prefer, belng
④动作动词 延续性（wrk, stay）；非延续性（marry, g, cme）
2.系动词
①表示人或事物的特征和状态：be, feel, lk, seem, taste, appear, sund
②表示状态的变化：turn, g, becme, get, fall, grw
③表示某种状态的延续或持续：remain, keep, stay
3.助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）：
be(am,is,are),d(des,did);have(has);will,wuld,shall
4.情态动词：can(culd),may(might),must,shall(shuld)
动词词义辨析
动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：
1.形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。
2.意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：brrw, lend; speak, say, talk; hpe, wish等。
3.动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise, advice; cst, wrth; pass, past 等。
4.意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain, say; discver, invent, uncver; find, find ut等。
5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。
6.某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn n, turn ff, turn dwn, turn up等。
易混动词归纳对比
lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：
2.rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rse，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。
3.hear与listen t：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen t是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen t却用于集中注意力的听。
4.see, watch和lk：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are yu ging t play r nly watch?；lk一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little by lked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）
5.wind和wund：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wund，而动词原形wund意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wunded。
6.hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
7.bear的过去分词brn与brne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词brn，brne。只有当be+brn…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用brn。如:He was brn in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用brne。如：She has brne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用brne。
8.sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat neself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.
9.brrw, lend与keep：借入英文中用brrw，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep.
10.win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a cntest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have wn him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。
11.steal与rb：steal为偷。rb为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+frm+某人、某地，而rb其后接人+f+抢的物品。
12.fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。
13.take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。
14.shut与clse：shut与clse有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用clse，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut yur muth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用clse。
15.answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer fr，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上t。
16.reach，arrive与get t：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get t, arrive(at/in)。
17.cst，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cst, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cst作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his mney n stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hurs t finish this wrk。
18.lst, gne与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lst, gne，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing。
19.have n, wear, put n及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have n与wear作穿着状态讲;但have n不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put n是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the mrning every day.
20.begin与start：begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shu1d have t start early because there was a lt traffic in the street。
21.allw 与permit：allw与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：Peple are nt allwed t spit.
22.find与fund：find找到的过去式和过去分词都是fund，而fund是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是funded，funded，如：The Peple’s Republic f China was funded in 1949.
23.speak, say, talk 与tell：英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a stry。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was brken. It culdn’t tell time crrectly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can yu tell me the difference between the tw？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well f his sn。
24.excuse me 与srry：excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而srry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。
25.care fr 与care t d：care fr其后要接不定式时则要省去fr或换用名词，如：Wuld yu care fr a cup f tea？但care fr作照顾讲时与lk after相同。
26.与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); chse(v.), chice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.);
27.意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；lk由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discver（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。
28.动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, lk frward t, cme up with, keep up with, g in fr, lk dwn n, get n with …
29.动词 + 介词t的词组有：cme t, stick t, bject t, agree t, turn t, attend t, belng t, devte t, reply t …
30.与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drp in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in …
动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：
1.根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。
(I)动词+副词(不及物)
Harry turned up after the party when everyne had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。
(2)动词+副词(及物)
Please turn every light in the huse ff. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。
注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：She turned ff all the lights which had been left n.
她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away.
她送掉了它们。
(3)动词+介词(及物)
I'm lking fr my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。
注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：She's gt mre wrk than she can cpe with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。
(4)动词+副词+介词
I lk frward t seeing yu sn. 我盼望不久就见到你。
注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way bth grain and vegetable can be well lked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
2.熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。
(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①hear frm收到…的来信，hear f听说。 ②lk after照料，lk at看，lk fr寻找。
(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①ring back回电话, ring ff挂断电话, ring up打电话 ②put away放好, put n穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。
(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：lk fr寻找, call fr去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask fr请求, wait fr等候, send fr派人去叫。
(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：①break ut发生，爆炸, carry ut进行，开展, g ut熄灭, hand ut分发, let ut放出, lk ut当心, sell ut卖完, set ut出发, take ut取出, wrk ut算出。②break dwn出毛病, cme dwn落下来, get dwn下车, take dwn取下, write dwn写下。
常见的高频动词短语总结
1 break
break away 摆脱；逃跑
break dwn （机器）出故障；中断；分解
break int 闯入；打断；突然中断
break ff 中断；折断；突然停止
break ut 突然发生；爆发
break thrugh 突破；克服；挣脱而出
break up 打碎；中断；分解
break in 破门而入；打断（谈话）；插嘴
2 bring
bring abut 引起；造成
bring dwn 使倒下；使下降；使受挫折
bring frward 提出；提前（=put frward）
bring int peratin实施；使生效
bring ut 显示出来；出版；生产
bring up 提出；教育；培养；吐出
bring back 把---送回；使想起；恢复
bring in 引进；挣得
3 call
call fr 需要；要求；邀请
call ff 取消；停止
call n 拜访；看望；号召
call up 打电话；使人想起；召集
call at 访问
call in 请来；召集
call back 回电话；召回
4 cme
cme abut 发生
cme acrss 偶遇；碰到；讲清楚
cme alng 进展；成功；一道走
cme int effect 生效
cme ff 发生；举行；成功
cme n 快点；走吧；有进展
cme ut 出来；结果是出版
cme rund/arund再现；恢复知觉；改变看法
cme thrugh 经历；获得成功
cme t 苏醒；达到；总数为
cme up 发生；走上前去;(时间)快到
cme up t 达到（高度、程度）；符合
cme up against 碰到（困难）
cme up with 赶上；提出
cme back 回来；反驳
cme true 变为现实
5 cut
cut acrss 绕劲道穿过；超越；遮住
cut back 削减；终止；急忙返回
cut dwn 削减；减少
cut in 插嘴；打断；突然出来
cut ff 切断；中断；隔绝
cut ut 删掉；戒掉
cut shrt 中断；打断；缩短
6 carry
carry n 继续；坚持
carry ut 执行；实施
carry thrugh 帮助度过难关；完成；实现
7 die
die away 渐弱
die dwn 熄灭；平静下来
die f 因----（病）死亡
die frm 因----（外部原因）死亡
die ut 灭绝；绝种
be dying t d sth. 迫切想做某事
8 give
give away 赠送；颁发；泄露；告发；失去
give ut 分发；公布；公开；用完（vi）;耗尽（vi）
give ff 发出；放出
give up 放弃；自首；将-----交给某人（t sb.）;对某人不报希望（n sb.）
give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交；呈交
9 g
g alng 进展；陪同前往
g by 时间过去；经过；遵守
g dwn 下降；下沉；下跌
g fr 去；选择；想要；攻击（用语言）
g in fr 从事；爱好；参加（选拔赛、考试等）
g int 研究；调查，从事
g ff 离开；爆炸；食品变坏；断电；熄灭；（与副词连用或用于疑问句）进行；发生
g n 继续进行；发生；上场
g ut 离开；熄灭；过时
g ver 浏览；仔细查看；检查；审查
g thrugh 通过；经历（苦难）；仔细检查
g up 上升；增长；涨价
10 get
get thrugh 浏览；翻阅；经历困难（痛苦）；做完某事
get in 收割；收获；收集；购买；买进；插话
get ver 克服；战胜；熬过；做完；结束；走完
get n 继续；进行；上车
get rund 传播；散播；说服某人；回避；避开
get abut 四处走动；传开
get acrss 传达；使---让人理解
get alng/n (with) 进展；相处
get dwn 记下；下来；下车；使---人忧愁
get dwn t(介词) 开始认真干
get back 恢复；回来；收回
get ut 泄露；逃离
get tighter 聚会；收集
11 hld
hld back 阻碍；阻止；控制；抑制；隐瞒；保留；犹豫不决
hld up 举起；抬起；拿起；支撑；耽搁；使停顿；拦劫；抢劫；举出，提出
hld ut 维持；坚持；伸出；拿出
hld ff 拖延；延迟
12 keep
keep away(frm) 使远离
keep back 扣除，保留；隐瞒
keep ff 避开；不接近
keep n 继续
keep ut 挡在外边；（警示语）请勿靠近
keep up 保持，不低落；持续，继续
keep up with 跟上
13 lk
lk after 照顾；关心
lk ut 看；当心；查阅；观察
lk back 回头看；回顾
lk dwn n/upn轻视；看不起
lk fr 寻找；寻求；期望
lk frward t 盼望；期待
lk in 顺便看望；顺便拜访
lk int 调查，深入了解
lk n 观看； 旁观
lk ver 翻阅；浏览
lk thrugh 浏览；详细调查
lk up 查阅；查出
14 make
make fr 向----前进，快速走向
make ut 理解，领悟；辨认出，写出
make up 组成，占----比例；弥补，补偿；捏造
make up fr 弥补，补偿
make up f 由---组成；包含有
15 pick
pick ut 挑出；分辨出；区别出
pick up 拿起；捡起；收拾；偶然获得，学会，接收（节目）；（开车）去接；（顺便）捎带
16 put
put acrss 解释清楚；使人接受
put aside 放在一边；储存；保留
put away 放好；收好
put dwn 写下；记下；镇压
put frward 提出；推荐；把---提前
put in 伸进；提出；提交；申请，请求
put in fr 申请；正式要求
put ff 延期；推迟；关掉；阻止，妨碍
put n 穿上；戴上；上演；增加（体重）
put ut 熄灭；关灯；生产出，出版
put up 举起；修建；提供
put up with 忍受；容忍
put thrugh （把电话）接通；做完；向—传达，提出（t sb.）；使经受—的考验
17 send
send away 送走；解雇
send fr 派人去请
send ut 发送；长出；发出（光、信号等）
send up 上升；发射
18 set
set abut 开始做，着手
set apart 使分离；使显得突出
set aside 留出；拨出
set back 推迟，阻碍；使花费
set dwn 记下，写下
set ff 动身出发；引起；使爆炸（cause t explde）
set ut 动身出发；引起;表示“着手做”时后跟动词不定式
set up 建立；创立；引起
19 take
take after 与----相似
take apart 拆卸（机器）
take away 拿走；时离开；消除（病痛等）
take dwn 记下来；拆掉
take fr （错）当作；（误）认为
take in 吸收；接受；领会；欺骗
take ff 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下
take n 呈现；采纳；承担，从事
take ne’s time 不要着急，慢慢地做
take ver 接收，接管，取代
take t 喜欢；养成---的习惯
take up 占据，占（时间、空间）；开始从事
20 turn
turn dwn 关小，调低，拒绝
turn ff 关上/掉；转向；（使某人感到厌烦）
turn ut 关（灯）；制造；结果是；原来是；培养
turn ver （使）翻转/身；移交；周转；仔细考虑
turn t 求助于；（使）转向；（把注意力等）转向；翻书到
turn up 开大；被发现，被找到；到达；露面
易错点纠错练
1．Nw my time is almst up. In a few days, smene else will arrive t _______, and the tireless wrk f MSF members arund the wrld will g n.
A．step int my shesB．pull my weight
C．take my breath D．cme t my aid
2．When yu are faced with bstacles in Senir 3, try nt t let discuraging thughts _______. Be ptimistic and trust yurself, and yu’ll make it.
A．take verB．take upC．take nD．take in
3．We can ______the ptins and try t cme t a decisin.
A．make upB．set upC．weigh upD．cut up
4．We are determined that ur teacher training prgrams shuld ________ current develpments in the field f educatin.
A．catch sight fB．make rm fr
C．take pride inD．keep pace with
5．She tld us t ________.
A．seatB．sit atC．sitD．sit dwn
6．Will yu please help me ________?
A．pen the drB．turn n the dr
C．pened the drD．t turn n the dr
7．With the mney his uncle had left t him, Jack decided t ______ his wn business.
A．set upB．set ffC．make upD．take up
8．They decided t ________ their ld furniture t charity.
A．give awayB．hang nC．hand dwnD．get dwn
9．Every custmer cming here must d the warm-up exercise befre ________ swimming. That’s ur regulatin.
A．catching up withB．getting n with
C．getting dwn tD．putting up with
10．________ was nce predicted by a famus scientist, in anther twenty years, AI rbts wuld cmpletely ________ humans as wrkers.
A．It; take place fB．As; take the place fC．It; in the place fD．As; in place f
11．—China has made great achievements in many fields ver the past thirty years.
—Yes, we all this great prgress.
A．take upB．take ffC．take pride inD．take care f
12．The investigatin shws that t much lve can make bys less independent, weaker and less able t______ frustratin.
A．switch nB．cpe withC．hld upD．in search f
13．—What d yu__________ yur new life in yur new huse?
—It’s cmfrtable and cnvenient, especially fr the children t g t schl. It’s nly five-minute walk.
A．think verB．think nC．think fD．think ut
14．—Why dn’t yu ________ smking? It’s very harmful.
—I tried many times, but it’s really hard.
A．give upB．put upC．ring upD．pick up
15．Wrk hard and practise mre, and yur effrt will __________.
A．pay ffB．give wayC．carry nD．burst nt
16．I wish t ______ the meeting as quickly as pssible, fr I have ther things t attend t.
A．wind upB．turn upC．burn upD．lk up
17．—Are yu kidding? I can’t believe it!
—I’m nt__________ a stry. It really happened!
A．making upB．dressing upC．taking upD．putting up
18．She brke____________when she heard the news, but quickly recvered.
A．dwnB．upC．awayD．thrugh
19．Yu shuldn’t that I take care f yur pet dg.
A．take it easyB．take it fr grantedC．take it seriuslyD．take yur time
20．He ________ and invested in a small cmpany. As a cnsequence, he lst a frtune in the end.
A．jumped in with bth feetB．played safe
C．had a frg in his thratD．wund up
21．If yu dn’t find a jb sn, yu may __________ begging n the streets.
A．wind upB．dry upC．pack upD．set up
22．We are running a flwer shp, and females __________ the vast majrity f ur custmers.
A．accunt frB．kick ffC．give rise tD．take in
23．I was pleased, f curse —adptins were always what __________ my sul —but I chalked it up t a lucky break fr ne black kitten.
A．snuggledB．thrbbedC．highlightedD．nurished
24．Ken ran ver, assessed the situatin, and __________ his shirt and shes. Jumping in, he dve under and tried t reach Spica thrugh the larger f the penings.
A．fught ffB．switched ffC．whipped ffD．gave ff
25．It is thught t be a wise way t have sme mney _________ fr ld age.
A．put asideB．taken ffC．given inD．set ut
26．After tw years f travelling and always having endless business t ________, I kind f lst my passin fr the jb.
A．attend tB．apply frC．withdraw frmD．test ut
27．Sme f these nn-native fish escaped int ther waterways. They can bully ecsystems, quickly ________.
A．switching ffB．taking verC．buncing arundD．turning up
28．She _________ n the decisin fr a lng time befre she finally made up her mind.
A．deliberatedB．fedC．carriedD．brught
29．Crwds f peple ________ t watch the charity f perfrmance last night.
A．wrked utB．turned utC．made utD．reached ut
30．The dctr __________ me t spend several days at the seaside, s that I’ll __________ sn.
A．cnsidered; catch upB．hped; bring up
C．suggested; take upD．recmmended; pick up
31．Leave the by _______; he can make up his wn mind.
A．alneB．frC．asideD．ut
32．Regular exercise can______t yur health.
A．make upB．make senseC．make mistakeD．make a difference
33．Spending t much time nline makes it very difficult t ______ ther things in life.
A．rely nB．fcus nC．depend nD．base n
34．Fr nearly a whle year the peple didn’t ________ fd any mre, fr the fd was s delicius and nutritius.
A．talk abutB．cmplain abutC．talk withD．cmplain t
35．Right nw, yu needn’t g t schl t learn knwledge, yu can stay at hme t learn by ________.
A．reading a bk B．distance learning
C．watching TV D．playing games
36．But spending t much time nline is unhealthy and makes it very difficult t _________ ther things in life.
A．be attracted tB．graduate frmC．sign up frD．fcus n
37．——Ricky, why hasn’t Billy been with us these days ?
——Oh, he is _______ fr next mnth’s 400-meter race.
A．standing utB．taking upC．backing utD．wrking ut
38．He________ the wrkers t fight fr their rights .
A．called frB．called inC．called nD．called ff
39．Wrking with the medical team in Africa did ________ the best in her as a dctr.
A．wrk utB．bring utC．make utD．give ut
40．Apprximately ne millin peple left their hmes and travelled westwards t in the Gld Rush.
A．thrw the baby ut with the bathwaterB．seek their frtune
C．put them under pressureD．cmment n
41．Business negtiatin may nt necessarily be a game in which ne lses if the ther wins; we shuld ____a win-win result.
A．take awayB．make frC．take inD．strive fr
42．The witness tld the plice everything he had seen, being careful nt t ________ any details.
A．give utB．leave utC．take utD．figure ut
43．Since keeping psitive is beneficial t the prgress f ur wrk and study, we shuld struggle nt t let negative ideas ______.
A．take ffB．take verC．take inD．take n
44．If yu ________ any prblem when yu arrive at the airprt, give me a ring.
A．cme up withB．set abutC．cme acrssD．put aside
45．I went hme and _______ my schlbag and started t help Mther d the cking.
A．put ffB．drpped ffC．turned ffD．shut ff
46．It’s time yu _________the fact that it’s a dangerus wrld ut there. Be brave and ptimistic.
A．put up withB．wke up t
C．tk the place fD．lked dwn upn
47．The athlete’s years f hard training _________when she finally wn the Olympic gld medal.
A．picked utB．paid ffC．gt thrughD．ended up
48．On the 70th birthday f the PRC, many plicemen and plicewmen were called ut t _________.
A．take actinB．keep rderC．make senseD．watch ut
49．These teenagers dn’t knw much f the wrld yet; that’s why they are s easily _________.
A．taken inB．taken verC．taken afterD．taken ff
50．We’ll meet again in the mrning and we can ________ where we left ff.
A．pick upB．put dwnC．take inD．cut ff
51．Hearing the injured sldier was saved, I ________ a sign f relief.
A．left utB．let utC．gave utD．put ut
52．I dn’t agree with yur applicatin fr the summer jb, which will prbably ______ yur studies.
A．interfere withB．argue withC．cperate withD．react with
53．Einstein finally ________ Hans’ plan that Hans tk his place and gave the lecture in that distant university.
A．agreed withB．agreed tC．agreed nD．agreed fr
54．It is believed that the cnstructin f a highway will ______ the grwth f the suburbs.
A．increase tB．cntribute tC．keep tD．take t
55．It’s difficult t ______ a glbal ppulatin f plar bears because much f their range has been prly studied.
A．put utB．figure utC．cme utD．turn ut
56．It is pleasant t ________ a small talk in the lift.
A．cut ffB．put ffC．take ffD．set ff
57．Jasper has________ “N Parking” signs utside his gate, but these have nt had any effect.
A．put nB．put dwnC．put utD．put up
58．His early experience enabled him t________ barriers between Scttish Cathlics and Prtestants.
A．break utB．break upC．break inD．break dwn
59．I was ________ when Kenny wanted me t take care f his dg fr a few days. I hate dgs.
A．brught under cntrlB．set in mtin
C．taken int accuntD．put n the spt
60．Our ancestrs enjyed the healing pwer f nature, and nw scientists are starting t ________.
A．hld backB．mve nC．catch upD．get acrss
61．In spring all kinds f flwers________ their sweet smell.
A．give upB．give inC．give utD．give ff
62．China is wrking hard t________the full ptential f higher educatin and will mve faster t build wrld-class universities.
A．take inB．set asideC．bring utD．give away
63．Thugh the yung girl earns less than 2000 dllars a mnth, she still ______ sme mney every mnth fr special gals.
A．hands utB．takes nC．sets asideD．watches ver
64．Sun Yiwen was apparently when she wn the third Olympic medal f her career by winning wmen’s individual epee (重剑) gld at Tky 2020 n July 24.
A．thrwing in the twelB．scring an wn gal
C．walking n airD．letting ff steam
65．This is called the hednic treadmill(快乐水车), in which satisfactin ________almst immediately and we must run n t the next reward t avid the feeling f falling behind.
A．wears ffB．shws ffC．drps utD．misses ut
66．Liu Yu’s parents think running can________his schlwrk.
A．get in the way fB．be prud f
C．fall in lve withD．be respnsible fr
67．It’s imprtant t shw supprt fr ne anther as we ________ these difficult times.
A．g thrughB．g verC．get alng withD．set dwn
68．Cking tgether gives us a chance t relax and________n each ther’s days.
A．weigh upB．pass upC．pick upD．catch up
69．Despite the extreme cnditin, Deng Jiaxian refused t________frm his respnsibility and kept n cnducting scientific research.
A．cut dwn B．back dwn C．put dwn D．turn dwn
70．All theries ________practice and in turn service practice.
A．riginate frm B．date frm C．learn frm D．differ frm
71．There are successful examples f cancer patients wh have ____ because f prper treatment.
A．pulled thrughB．died utC．given upD．gt thrugh
72．The tanker, which was full f petrl, ____ and gave ff heavy and dark flames the mment a truck kncked int it.
A．blew upB．put upC．turned upD．brught up
73．A gd neighbur is als ne wh likes t ________ in small ways.
A．make utB．put utC．help utD．lk ut
74．Peacck Dance by Yang Liping cmes frm a traditinal belief that it aims t________the Dai wmen’s beauty.
A．bring utB．shw ffC．pass dwnD．turn up
75．Faced with a declining ppulatin and wrkfrce, Japan has been increasingly ________ rbts fr help.
A．turning tB．putting awayC．taking upD．hlding back
76．A very ppular thing t d n Bxing Day is t g shpping and ________ the sales.
A．keep pace withB．take advantage f
C．lk frward tD．thrw a light n
77．—The sup needs a bit f flavr.
—I knw, sme tmat juice shuld .
A．set in mtinB．carry nC．d the trickD．g wild
78．I’m srry I brke yur vase I’ll_______it.
A．run ut fB．make up frC．lse track fD．pass dwn
79．Many scientists ________ the idea that it is human beings’ activities that have resulted in glbal warming.
A．lk frward t B．subscribe t C．participate inD．get invlved in
80．Peple with strng immune systems are better able t ________ infectin.
A．fight ffB．deal withC．make upD．rest n
高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1．（2024·湖南株洲·模拟预测）My bag is red, my sister’s red,t.
A．and;isB．but;isC．and;isn’tD．but;isn’t
2．（2024黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）Ging t the dentist's ________ nt necessarily have t be ________ awful experience.
A．d; anB．des; theC．d; /D．des; an
3．（2024·天津南开·一模）That kind f ice-cream ________like a mixture f banana and strawberry is delicius.
A．tastedB．tastesC．tastingD．being tasted
4．（2024·江苏徐州·三模）Old as my car is, it is in gd cnditin and ________ well, even n rugh rads.
A．handlesB．is handledC．has been handledD．will handle
5．（2024·浙江·杭州一模）Childhd memries _______ the new gardener that she has a little nature knwledge after all.
A．suggestB．remindC．cmmandD．demand
6．（2024·浙江台州·一模）Great changes ___ in my hmetwn and a lt f factries _______.
A．have been taken place , are being set upB．have taken place , have been set up
C．are taken place , had been set upD．had taken place , will be set up
二、翻译
7．（2024·上海嘉定·一模）小张进电梯时把脚踝给崴了，现在医生正在给她缠绷带。(have)

8．（2024·上海长宁·二模）想到睡在帐篷的硬地上，野营就没那么诱人了。(thught)

9．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）听到他安然无恙的消息，我们都如释重负。（relief）

10．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）在等待测试结果的时候，居民们都如坐针毡。(seem)

11．（2024·上海金山·二模）如今人们担心的不再是如何填饱肚子，而是如何防止发胖。(nt... but...)

12．（2024·上海金山·二模）究竟是什么驱使人类不断地探索外太空？(n earth)

13．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）那位作家把书房看作是私人领域和精神家园，在那里，他可以坐拥书籍之乐，将尘世烦恼抛诸脑
后。(leave)

14．（2024·上海青浦·二模）正是她那种急于求成的心态让她无缘决赛。（It）
（2024·上海杨浦·二模）
弘扬中华民族的美德，并不意味着我们不需要与时俱进。(mean)

16．出于安全考虑，任何账户的密码都应该包括字母、数字和符号。(cncern)

17．尽管最后期限延长了一个月，研究团队仍需调整策略，以便如期完成项目。(s that)

18．很多医生表情严肃说着难懂的术语，但张医生是个例外，他做事脚踏实地，话语浅显幽默，赢得了公众的认可。(whse)

一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
完成进行时态
现 在
d/des
is/am/are ding
has/have dne
has/have been ding
过 去
did
was /were ding
had dne
had been ding
将 来
shall/will d
shall/will be ding
shall/will have dne
shall/will have been ding
过去将来
wuld d
wuld be ding
wuld have dne
wuld have been ding
一般时态
完成时态
进行时态
完成进行时态
现 在
is /am/are dne
has/have been dne
is/am/are being dne
无
过 去
was/were dne
had been dne
was /were being dne
无
将 来
shall /will be dne
shall/will have been dne
无
无
过去将来
wuld be dne
wuld have been dne
无
无
一般现在时
常与always，ften，smetimes，usually等连用或通过上下文表示。
一般过去时
常与时间状语连用，或者通过上下文逻辑意思及动词时态来体现。
连用时间状语：last week, in 2021, 3 days ag, the ther day, in the past
现在完成时
强调对现在造成的结果和影响，通常与时间段连用。
连用时间状语：s far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up t nw
一般过去时
过去的动作或情况。
过去完成时
过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。
连用时间状语：by the end f+过去时间，befre+过去时间。
特殊用法
1.下列动词hpe、 wish、 expect、 think、 intend、 mean、 suppse等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
2.This/It/That was the first/secnd/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用过去完成时。
3.hardly ... when ...和n sner ... than ...两个句型中，主句均用过去完成时。
现在完成时
连用时间状语s far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up t nw
过去完成时
过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。即“过去的过去”，句中必须出现表示过去的动作、状态或时间状语。
对比
He has been ill fr tw weeks。他已经病了两个星期了。
He had been ill fr tw weeks befre she came back。
在她回来之前，他已经病了两个星期了。
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
说明
放
lay
laid
laid
laying
及物动词
躺
lie
lay
lain
lying
不及物动词
说谎
lie
lied
lied
lying
不及物动词