北京市第一零一中学2024~2025学年高三上学期统练四英语试卷（Word版附解析）

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2024-10-15
第一部分：知识运用 (共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Olivia, 9, was shy at first. She’d never been n a hrse befre. S when she was asked t feed carrts t the reddish-brwn hrse named Charlie n a summer Saturday, she apprached ____1____ , unsure f herself at times, turning arund t a grup f children waiting fr their turn t feed him.
Olivia eventually made it t the hrse’s muth and Charlie licked (舔) her hands as she____2____ him his favrite treat. Olivia was amused.
“That’s what I call a(an) ____3____,” said Sabrina, a scial wrker wh has teamed up with the cmmunity rganizatin Alkebu-lan Village t help children vercme their prblems and keep them n paths t____4____.
“I’m excited,” Olivia said smiling. “I lve petting him.”
The prgram “Stp Hrsing Arund” at Alkebu-lan Village was launched this summer with ver a dzen kids signing up. They were taught hw t apprach, feed, brush, and munt the hrses____5____ eventually they gt a chance t ride them.
By____6____ the prgram’s hrses with Sabrina’s help and frming____7____ with them, children becme mre self-aware and then begin t recgnize and face negative feelings and behavirs, which can help them cmmunicate with thers and lead t significant psitive changes t their____8____ skills, self-wrth and behavir issues.
Sabrina first taught the children that Charlie needed t becme____9____ with them by smelling their hands. Once Charlie was cmfrtable, the kids learned hw t pet his face and head, and then hw t use the lead rpe, clean up Charlie’s messes, and feed him carrts.
Olivia wasn’t the nly kid wh was nervus and shy at the beginning. But ultimately Olivia als wasn’t the nly kid t leave mre cnfident. Their____10____ cnsistently turned int smiles, laughter and excitement.
1. A. happilyB. calmlyC. slwlyD. directly
2. A. fedB. leftC. madeD. threw
3. A. awardB. exchangeC. negtiatinD. breakthrugh
4. A. fameB. successC. respnsibilityD. freedm
5. A. befreB. afterC. asD. thugh
6. A. taking verB. walking withC. caring frD. respnding t
7. A. rutinesB. bndsC. judgementsD. ideas
8. A. technicalB. survivalC. rganizatinalD. scial
9. A. ppularB. familiarC. satisfiedD. patient
10. A. resistanceB. disappintmentC. misunderstandingD. hesitatin
第二节 语法填空(共10小题； 每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
T much TV- watching can harm children’s ability t learn, new studies suggest in the latest effrt t examine the effects f televisin n children. One f the studies lked at nearly 400 nrthern Califrnia third- graders. Thse with TVs in their bedrms scred abut eight pints ___11___ (lw) n math and language arts tests than children ___12___ bedrm TVs. A secnd study, ___13___ (lk) at nearly 1,000 grwn-ups in New Zealand, fund prer educatin levels amng 26- year-lds wh ___14___ (watch) lts f TV during childhd.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
First ___15___ (create) by Sterling Mrtn in 1872, Tree Planting Day was set in rder t inspire peple’s passins fr planting and prtecting trees, and t prtect and imprve the natural envirnment ___16___ peple depend n fr their living. In February, 1979, the 5th Natinal Peple’s Cngress f Peple’s Republic f China made a reslutin that March 12h wuld be taken as Chinese Tree Planting Day. Since then, abut 50 billin trees ___17___ (plant) all ver China.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The dinner party is under threat, annunced a recent lifestyle clumn in The Times. Yu might wnder, “ Hw can this be? Dn’t we thrw parties fr friends n special ccasins?” But ___18___ The Times wrries abut is anther kind f disappearing. It is usually hsted in ne’s hme. Invitatins ___19___ (send) ut weeks in advance and the hsts prepare fd ___20___ (careful). Yet nwadays, peple prefer t eat takeut fd n their sfa while juggling a mbile phne and a remte cntrl.
第二部分：阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题； 每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A gadget which makes water ut f air culd becme the greatest husehld inventin since the micrwave
Using the same technlgy as a dehumidifier (除湿器), the Water Mill is able t create a ready supply f drinking water because it can always get it frm an unlimited surce — the air.
The cmpany behind the machine says nt nly des it ffer an alternative t bttled water in develped cuntries, but it is a slutin fr the millins wh face a daily water shrtage.
The machine wrks by drawing in wet air thrugh a filter and ver a cling instrument which changes it int water drplets. It can prduce up t 12 liters a day. The Water Mill will als prduce mre water when strms pass ver, as the amunt f water which is cntained in the air increases. In keeping with its ec- develpment, the machine uses the same amunt f electricity as three lights.
Inventr Jnathan Ritchey said: “The demand fr water is ff the chart. S peple are lking fr freedm frm water distributin systems that are shaky and unreliable.” The machine, which is abut 3 feet wide, is likely t cst £800 when it ges n sale here in the spring. Its maker, Canadian Firm Element Fur, rughly calculates that a liter f water csts arund 20p t prduce.
Envirnmentalists state that half the wrld’s ppulatin will face water shrtage because f climate change by 2080. One in five is said t lack access t safe drinking.
The Water Mill is nt effective in areas where the amunt f water cntained in the air is belw abut 30 percent, but in Britain that wn't be much f a prblem.
21. Wh wuld be mst likely in need f The Water Mill?
A. A husehld with high electricity bill.
B Residents in an area with frequent strms.
C. A persn wh has access t water fr free.
D. Smene wh lacks enugh drinking water.
22. What d we learn abut the machine?
A. It absrbs steam and turns it int water.
B. It is very expensive fr families t affrd.
C. It wrks in the same way as micrwaves.
D. It helps t make the water clean t drink.
23. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. A New Way t Slve Water Prblem
B. A Dehumidifier t Prduce Water
C. A Machine t Make Water ut f Air
D. An Abslutely New Inventin
B
Tw-Man Irnman
On Sept.17, 2022, Jeff and his sn, Jhnny, set ut t begin the first f three legs f the Irnman cmpetitin,where cmpetitrs must cmplete a 140 miles f swimming, bicycling and running in under 17 hurs. Nt that lng ag, Jhnny culd barely walk a few steps because he was brn with cerebral palsy (脑瘫). But his dream f being a runner never stpped.
Frm the day Jhnny was brn, Jeff refused t let his sn’s disability hld him back. Determined t shw Jhnny that he culd pursue his dream f being an athlete, Jeff helped him engage in running. They began waking up at 4 a.m. s Jeff culd run while pushing his sn in a special wheelchair called a racing chair. Every mrning, they drve themselves t run increasingly lnger distances. Sn, they were entering 5K races, then n t Irnman cmpetitin. Jeff wuld act as Jhnny’s arms and legs, carrying the weight f his sn thrughut the race.
The race began with a 2.4-mile swim. Settling Jhnny int a kayak, Jeff eased himself int the water. Swimming while dragging anther persn was very tugh. But wrst f all, Jeff had t struggle with jellyfish. “I ccupied my mind by cunting the number f times I gt stung (蛰),” he says.
After the tw men cmpleted the tugh bike sectin in rughly nine hurs, they set their sights n the final leg f the race — a 26.2-mile marathn. They’d been cmpeting fr 10.5 hurs, leaving anther 6.5 hurs t make their time.But at Mile 19, Jhnny saw the clck ticking dwn and wrried they wuldn’t make the cutff. Despite the tiredness, Jeff was cnvinced they were ging all right and then picked up the pace.
With minutes left and 200 feet t the finish line, Jeff stpped t help Jhnny ut f his racing chair and handed him his rlling walker. After years f painstaking wrk, Jhnny was determined t finish his races n his wn. After 16 hurs, 55 minutes and 35secnds,the father and sn crssed the finish line tgether.
As the crwd cheered n an verwhelmed Jhnny, a weary Jeff kept a lw prfle. “My father didn’t want his finish line mment,” says Jhnny, tears in eyes. “He wanted it t be mine.”
24. Why did Jeff lead Jhnny t running?
A. T get clser t Jhnny.B. T fulfill Jhnny’s dream.
C. T discver Jhnny’s interest.D. T speed up Jhnny’s recvery.
25. What challenged Jeff mst in the swimming race?
A. Lack f energy.B. Pain frm injuries.
C. Mental tiredness.D. Bdy weight change.
26. Which f the fllwing can best describe Jhnny accrding t the passage?
A Strng-willed and grateful.B. Warm-hearted and sensitive.
C. Patient and generus.D. Tugh and humrus.
27. What des the passage mainly tell us?
A. Actins speak luder than wrds.B. Fathers are nt brn; they are made.
C. The value f a lving father has n price.D. Success cmes frm failures alng the jurney.
C
Of the mre than 3,000 species f msquites in the wrld, just a small number specialize in sucking human bld. Hw msquites track us dwn s effectively isn’t currently knwn, but it matters, since they carry dangerus diseases which may cause death.
“In fact, stpping these annying insects in their tracks culd save up t half a millin lives lst t thse diseases each year,” said Carlyn Gauff, a prfessr f eclgy and evlutinary bilgy at the Princetn Neurscience Institute. That’s why Gauff’s team wants t understand hw they find and target humans.
Msquites mstly chse what t bite based n dr (气味). Knwing hw a ptentially disease-carrying msquit finds a persn, while ignring ther warm-blded animals, is a key questin. But it’s nt easy t answer, since any animal smell is made up f hundreds f chemicals mixed tgether in specific percentage. “The actual chemicals that are fund in human dr are basically the same as the chemicals fund in animal dr—it’s the percentages and the relative large amunt f thse substances in human mixtures that’s unique,” said Gauff.
T investigate, researchers decided t recrd neural activity in the brain f msquites while expsing them t natural human and animal dr samples. They cllected dr samples frm abut 40 different animals. When they cmpared sme f thse with the 16 human samples, smething jumped ut. Decanal is particularly rich in human skin. Cmmn in the natural wrld, in humans, decanal cmes frm anther, mre cmplex substance. When ne cmpnent f ur skin’s natural ils, sapienic acid, breaks dwn, decanal is left ver. This acid is nly fund in human beings. It’s what likely leads t the high levels f decanal that help the msquites smell their way t us.
Understanding what the msquites are targeting is nly part f the stry; knwing hw they d it is als imprtant. T see exactly hw msquites use this sense, scientists used genetically mdified (转基因的) msquites s that they culd cut pen msquites’ heads and watch neurns firing when they’re expsed t human and animal drs. The research team already knew that msquites have abut 60 different types f neurns that sense drs, s when they lked in the insects’ brains, they thught they might see a lt f activity. But it was surprisingly quiet, meaning that the signal was perhaps quite simple, dwn t just a cuple types f neurns. “One type f neurn respnded really strngly t bth humans and animals. Anther type f neurn respnded t bth—but it respnded much mre strngly t humans than animals,” Gauff said.
Hw t keep msquites’ decanal signal frm being transmitted will be the research team’s next fcus. Gauff hped their current wrk culd be used t make msquit killers and attractants t prevent disease.
28. What’s the final purpse f the research cnducted by Gauff’s team?
A. T study why nly certain msquites suck human bld.
B. T investigate the neural activity in msquites’ brains.
C. T help prevent deadly diseases caused by msquites.
D. T test the effectiveness f msquit killers.
29. T which substance(s) wuld msquites mstly be attracted?
A. Natural il frm human skin.
B. Chemicals in the envirnment.
C. Decanal generated in human bld.
D. Remains f decmpsed sapienic acid.
30. What can we learn frm the passage?
A Mst msquit neurns are nt invlved in respnding t human dr.
B. Genetically mdified msquites are nt sensitive t human dr.
C. Further research will fcus n dr signal and neural cnnectin.
D. Chemicals fund in human and animal drs are quite different.
D
The start-up that attracted the largest investment in the histry f cybersecurity, f mre than half a billin dllars, has a simple gal: a passwrdless future.
Despite the spread f passwrd management sftware that can generate and remember cmplicated strings f randm characters, sme f the mst cmmn passwrds are still “12345”, “passwrd” and “ilveyu”. As a result, mre than 80 percent f hacks invlve these kinds f passwrds; and passwrds remain the mst sught-after data by hackers, abve ther persnal r sensitive infrmatin.
In many cases individuals are tricked int handing ver passwrd details by phishing emails and ther scial engineering techniques. Hackers have sught t break int apps and steal entire passwrd databases as well. Passwrds are als under attack frm new technlgy, such as autmated prgrams that can rapidly try t guess them, r can try stlen passwrds n multiple nline accunts.
Since the need t replace the easily frgtten and highly hackable strings f letters and numbers that we use t access everyday life has becme even mre urgent, the race t replace the passwrd is under way, with bimetric-based (基于生物识别的) security emerging as ne f the mst sught-after slutins. Accrding t Tie, a unin f mre than 250 cmpanies, which prmtes a standard system f passwrdless authenticatin (身份验证), the vast majrity f cnsumer services will ffer passwrdless lgin systems in the next cuple f years. “If dne crrectly and safely, bimetrics are really helping us mve t a passwrdless future in a rapid manner,” said Andrew Jenkinsn, CEO f Tie.
But there are still risks assciated with the use f bimetric authenticatin. Unlike passwrds, bimetrics cannt be changed. This means such data must be clsely guarded fr privacy purpses and t prevent spfing—hackers trying t trick cameras r sensrs with phts, r masks f their victim. “Bimetric authenticatin and passwrdless authenticatin has its wn attack surface,” said Paul Smith, directr f security research at CyberPek. His team revealed that it had fund a design prblem which wuld allw ptential attackers t bypass facial recgnitin lgin by injecting a spfed pht f a user’s face int the prcess.
The biggest bstacle standing in the way f the start-ups hping t kill the passwrd is hw t change years f habit. Eric Brwn, funder f TAK Cyber, a cyber research and advisry cmpany, argued that while sensitive applicatins may rapidly shift frm passwrds, ther websites have less mtivatin t update their systems. “Yu’ll never get rid f them,” he said. “We’re never ging t get t the pst-passwrd era.”
31. What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A. Why passwrds are the mst sught-after data.
B. Hw passwrds are stlen by phishing emails.
C. Hw passwrds have caused us truble.
D. Why passwrds are difficult t secure.
32. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. Facial recgnitin lgin is the key t fighting hackers.
B. Bimetric authenticatin has its wn set f prblems.
C. TAK Cyber’s lgin system guarantees the safety f data.
D. Spfing brings mre prblems than autmated prgrams.
33. What is Eric Brwn’s attitude twards a passwrdless future?
A. Indifferent.B. Passinate.C. Pessimistic.D. Objective.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Bimetric authenticatin: passwrd security slutin!
B. Start-ups race t welcme a passwrdless future
C. The argument t end passwrds has begun
D. Killing the passwrd: a cure r a fantasy?
第二节 (共5小题； 每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(E=A+B,F=A+C,G=A+D)
The Psitive Effects f a Psitive Affect
Parents ften have high hpes fr hw their children will turn ut in adulthd, such as wanting them t be healthy, t feel satisfied with their career, and t have strng friendships.____35____
Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially psitive affect—is ne critical factr. What exactly is affect? Affect is the tendency t express psitive r negative emtins, which in turn influences hw we experience things and determine whether t judge a given situatin as psitive r negative.____36____ Mrever, research suggests that a persn’s affect is relatively stable ver time, especially by the time ne reaches adulthd.
Affect is typically described in terms f being either psitive r negative, and it seems that psitive affect, in particular, is related t a number f beneficial utcmes in adulthd.
In supprt f this crucial rle that psitive affect has in develpment, a study by researchers at the University f Virginia fllwed teenagers and yung adults frm ages 14 t 25, allwing them t understand the predictive pwer f psitive affect acrss the critical develpmental perid frm adlescence t yung adulthd.____37____ Fr example, teens with a higher psitive affect reprted had a strnger, healthier attachment t their friends.
____38____ Psitive affect als predicted increased self-wrth and jb cmpetence, suggesting that, verall, psitive affect seems t be a key predictr f yung adult success acrss several imprtant areas f functining.
But what abut the effects f negative affect? The researchers als examined whether negative affect wuld predict prblems in yung adulthd.____39____ Thus, the imprtant takeaway is that adlescent psitive affect may have pwerful links t imprtant life utcmes in the dmains f persnal well-being, career, and scial relatinships up t a decade later.
A. Affective respnses t events typically happen autmatically.
B. S hw can parents help their children grasp the meaning f psitive affect?
C. But what factrs help prduce these utcmes as teens mve frm adlescence t adulthd?
D. Interestingly, the results suggested that psitive affect may g beynd helping teens build psitive relatinships.
E. The results uncvered that negative affect might accunt fr many life prblems when a teenager became a yung adult.
F. Unlike psitive affect, having greater negative affect did nt have any significant assciatins with any f the later life utcmes.
G. This study fund that psitive affect was strngly predictive f life utcmes in yung adulthd, such as develping better friendships.
第三部分：书面表达(共20分)
40. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校外籍老师Jim计划不久回国，他想带回一份具有中国传统文化特色的礼物送给妈妈，写信向你咨询，请你给他回复邮件。内容包括：
1. 推荐礼物的名称及推荐理由；
2. 向他家人表示祝愿并祝他旅途愉快。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua