高考英语：热点题型和提分秘籍专题05 介词和介词短语（练习及解析版）

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专题05 介词和介词短语（原卷版）
【高频考点解读】
介词和介词短语也是高考的一个必考点，每年都保持在一至两个题目，命题形式除了单项填空外还在完形填空、语法填空、短文改错中进行考查，其考点主要涉及常用介词的用法区别，介词与动词、名词、形容词等的常见搭配，介词在特定语境中的选用和介词短语的用法等。
【热点题型】
题型一 表示原因的介词
例1、The Smiths are praised ________the way they bring up their children.
A．frm B．by
C．at D．fr
【提分秘籍】
1．fr表示原因时，常与srry，famus，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用。如：
I am srry fr what I said t yu.
2．at表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到……而……”。如：
He was surprised at the news.
3．frm常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。如：
He died frm the wund.
4．f多用于表示自身或内在的原因，如病、饿等。如：
The ld man died f hunger.
5．with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。如：
Hearing the news, he jumped with jy.
He was shaking with anger.
6．by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如：
She tk yur umbrella by mistake.
她错拿了你的雨伞。
7．ver一般用于cry，weep，laugh等带有感情色彩的动词后，表示所发生的事情的原因。如：
She wept ver the death f her daughter.
We laughed ver the victry.
8．because f表示引起结果的直接原因。如：[来源:学&科&网]
He retired last mnth because f his illness.
9．thanks t表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常意为“幸亏……，多亏……”。如：
Thanks t Jhn, we wn the game.
【举一反三】
When we heard the news that Beijing Basketball Team has wn the final, we sang and danced ________ jy.
A．t B．with
C．at D．f
题型二 表示计量的介词
例2、He thught the jar made f earth ________ little value and let me have it ________ nly ne dllar.
A．with; fr B．f; fr
C．f; by D．with; by
【提分秘籍】
1．at表示“以……速度；以……价格”。如：
It flies at abut 900 kilmeters an hur.
I sld my car at a high price.
2．fr表示“用……交换；以……为代价”。如：
He sld his car fr 500 dllars.
注意：at表示单价，fr表示总钱数。
3．by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。如：
They paid him by the mnth.
注意：by后接具体度量单位要加the。
题型三 表示工具或手段的介词
例3、The frm is very imprtant. Please fill in the frm ________ ink nt ________ a pencil, Jack.
A．in; by B．with; in
C．in; with D．by; in
【提分秘籍】
1．by意为“用某种方式”，后面的名词不带冠词。如：
I went there by bus.
2．with表示“用某种工具”，后面的名词需带冠词。如：
He brke the windw with a stne.
3．in表示“用”时，后面的宾语不带冠词，且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等。如：
I hate letters written in pencil.
We will never frget this histrical lessn written in bld.
4．n表示“以……方式”，多用于固定词组。如：
They talked n the telephne.
She learns English n the radi/n TV.
题型四 表示“在……之间”的介词
例4、Fur Chinese mdels were ________ the 14 peple awarded prizes n Friday at the Wrld Super Mdel Cmpetitin.
A．amng B．between
C．alng D．beside
【提分秘籍】
1．between表示在两者之间。如：
Yu are t sit between yur father and me.
2．amng表示在三者或三者以上之间。如：
He is always happy amng his classmates.
3．有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，但强调多者中的两两关系时用between。如：
Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.
Pay attentin t the relatinship between the sentences in yur cmpsitin.
题型五 表示“除了”的介词
例5、Sme peple chse jbs fr ther reasns ________ mney these days.
A．fr B．except
C．besides D．with
【提分秘籍】
1．besides表示“除……之外，还有……”。如：
We all went t see the film besides yu.
除你之外我们也都去看电影了。
2．except表示“除……外，把……除去”。如：
We all went t see the film except yu.
除你之外我们都去看电影了。
3．but与except同义，但多用于不定代词n ne/nbdy/nthing/everything/all和副词nwhere/anywhere以及疑问代词wh之后。如：
I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.
4．except fr表示“如无……就……，只是……”，多表明理由细节。如：
His diary is gd except fr a few spelling mistakes.
5．except that表示“除……外，把……除去”，后面接句子。如：
I knw nthing abut him except that he is frm Beijing.
6．apart frm在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except fr的含义，要根据上下文来判别。如：
Apart frm/Besides English，he has a gd cmmand f Russian and French.
He has n interests，apart frm/except his wrk.
It's a gd paper，apart frm/except fr a few spelling mistakes.
【高考风向标】
1.【重庆】
10.Last year was the
warmest year n recrd, with glbal temperature 0.68℃____ the average.
A. belw B. n C. at D. abve
2.【·浙江】3. Have yu ever heard f the trees that are hmes animals bth n land and sea?
A. abut B. t C. with D. ver
3.【浙江】17. These cmments came specific questins ften asked by lcal newsmen.
A. in memry f B. in respnse t
C. in tuch with D. in pssessin f
4.【陕西】12.The little pupil tk his grandma the arm and walked her acrss the street.
A. n B. by C. in D. at
5.【福建】22._______A cmmn memry they all have their schl days is the schl unifrm.
A. f B. n C. t D. with
6.【·江苏】34.Many f the things we nw benefit frm wuld nt be arund _______ Thmas Edisn.
A. thanks t
B. regardless f C. aside frm D. but fr
7.【·安徽】33.They believe that there are transprt develpments ______ that will bring a lt f changes fr the better.
A. ut f date B. ut f rder C. arund the clck D. arund the crner
8.【·湖北】30.This meeting rm is a nn-smking area. I wuld like t warn yu _____ that if yu smked here yu wuld be fined.
A.in advance B.in detail C. in ttal D.in general
1.（福建卷）22. Our club is pen t everyne ____ age, sex r educatinal backgrund.
A. due t B. except fr C. alng with D. regardless f
2.（江苏卷）24. Tm always ges jgging in the mrning and he usually des push-ups t t stay____.
A. in place B. in rder C. in shape D. in fashin
3.（江西卷）25. Starting yur wn business culd be a way t achieving financial independence .___, it culd just put yu in debt.
A. In ther wrds B. All in all C. As a result D. On the ther hand
4.（江西卷）33. It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life __his great wealth .
A. withut B. despite C. in D. t
5.（陕西卷）14. The Scttish girl ________ blue eyes wn the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Cntest.
A. by B. f C. in D. with
6.（天津卷）6. _______ the schl, the village has a clinic, which was als built with gvernment supprt.
A. In reply t B. In additin t C. In charge f D. In place f
7.（浙江卷 ）10. While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers withut asking fr anything ______ .
A. in return B. in cmmn C. in turn D. in place
8.（浙江卷 ）12. Facing up t yur prblem ____ running away frm them is the best apprach t wrking things ut.
A. mre than B. rather than C. alng with D. r rather
9.（浙江卷 ）18. There’s n reasn t be disappinted. ______, this culd be rather amusing.
A. Abve all B. As a result C. In additi
n D. As a matter f fact
（新课标I卷）34. It was a real race _____ time t get the prject dne. Luckily, we made it.
A. ver B. by C. fr D. against
（新课标Ⅱ卷)11. A serius study f physics is impssible sme knwledge f mathematics.
A.against B. befre C. beynd D. withut
（·浙江）14.It will be a big help if yu g t the stre and get what we need fr dinner._____, I’ll set the table.
A.As a result B. On the whle C. In the meanwhile D.As a matter f fact
（北京卷)26. I have an appintment Dr. Smith, but I need t change it.
A. t B. ff C. with D. frm
（福建卷)29. Mrs. Smith finds it hard t clear up the mess, as her children are always ____ whenever she tries t.
A. in the way B. n watch C. in sight D. n the line
（湖北卷)30. An artist wh was recently traveling n a ferry t the suthern island discvered ______ a lng lst antique Greek vase.
A. at randm B. by chance C. in turn D. n ccasin
（江苏卷)26. I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail frm yu. ______ the party n July 1st, I shall be pleased t attend.
A. On accunt f B. In respnse t C. In view f D. With regard t
（山东卷)34. The Smiths are praised _______ the way they bring up their children.
A. frm B. by C. at D. fr
（辽宁卷)25. everyne here，I wish yu a pleasant jurney back t yur jurney.
A.By means f B.On behalf f C.In search f D.Fr fear f
（安徽卷)22. Befre yu pay a visit t a place f interest, lk in yur lcal library a bk abut it.
A. n B. at C. fr D. t
【高考押题】
1． When asked abut their pinins abut the schlmaster，many teachers wuld prefer t see him step aside ________ yunger men.
A．in terms f B．in need f
C．in favr f D．in praise f
2．Shirley, a real bk lver, ften brings hme many bks t read ________ the library.
A．in B．fr
C．by D．frm
3． Nick, it's gd fr yu t read sme bks ________ China befre yu start yur trip there.
A．in B．fr
C．f D．n
4. I'm srry I didn't phne yu, but I've been very busy________ the past cuple f weeks.
A. beynd B. with
C. amng D. ver
5．We'd better discuss everything________befre we wrk ut the plan.
A．in detail B．in general
C．n purpse D．n time
6．He was a gd student and scred______average in mst subjects.
A．belw B．f
C．n D．abve
7．______gd service, the restaurant ffers different kinds f traditinal Fujian dishes.
A．Far frm B．Apart frm
C．Instead f D．Regardless f
8．Smetimes prper answers are nt far t seek________ fd safety prblems.
A. in B. t
C. n D. after
9. With new technlgy, pictures f underwater valleys can be taken ________ clr.
A. by B. fr
C. with D. in
10．We give dgs time，space and lve we can spare，and _____，dgs give us their all.
A．in all B．in fact
C．in shrt D．in return
11．Nwadays sme hspitals refer t patients ______ name，nt case number.
A．f B．as
C．by D．with
12．It is illegal fr a public fficial t ask peple fr gifts r mney ______ favrs t them.
A．in preference t
B．in place f
C．in agreement with D．in exchange fr
13．My father warned me ______ ging t the West Cast because it was crwded with turists.
A．by B．n
C．fr D．against
14．Wuld yu mind nt picking the flwers in the garden？They are ______ everyne's enjyment.
A．in B．at
C．fr D．t
15. Mre and mre highrise buildings have been built in big cities ______ space.
A．in search f B．in place f
C．fr lack f D．fr fear f
16．Tired，Jim was fast asleep with his back______a big tree.
A．in B．belw
C．beside D．against
17. A great persn is always putting thers' interests ______ his wn.
A. belw B. abve
C. in D. n
18. Everybdy was tuched ______ wrds after they heard her mving stry.
A. beynd B．withut
C. f D．in
19. —Hw amazing it is that astrnauts are explring uter space!
—It's a challenge, I guess, ______ man against nature.
A. f B. fr
C. by D. abut
20. The art shw was ______ being a failure; it was a great success.
A. far frm B. alng with
C. next t D. regardless f