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读后续写微讲座四（读精-精析语言）-练
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这是一份读后续写微讲座四（读精-精析语言）-练，共15页。试卷主要包含了重点词汇再现，词汇激活等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Mther Nature Always Has a Surprise fr Us Up Her Sleeve
When Mther Nature decides t unleash (发泄) her anger, there's very little we can d except deal with it.
In the past year, a series f natural disasters has shcked the imaginatin and reminded us f ur human limitatins. There have been flds, drughts and big earthquakes. They've shaken ur senses as they've affected big cities and small villages.
And nw a vlcan n Iceland erupts. After being inactive fr almst 200 years, it has been emitting (喷发) balls f fire, ice and a giant clud f ash that has paralyzed much f Eurpean air travel. It seems as if the sky was cvered by a black curtain! What's wrse, the air feels difficult t breathe. The authrities called n peple t avid activities in the pen air.
With all f ur attempts t tame (驯服) r predict nature, we ften find urselves caught ff guard when “acts f Gd” challenge ur understanding.
We put ur trust in ur dams and levees (堤岸), early warning systems and mdernday weather radar and the manpwer we summn (召集) when uncntrllable frces strike us with an intense fierceness.
Mst ften we can nly respnd t disaster rather than prevent the emergency. We suffer the destructin, death and shrtage f essential supplies. We have n chice but t try ur best t rescue as many as pssible, bury the dead, rebuild frm the ruins and mve n.
Nature will always remind us that as lng as we are n this Earth we will have t deal with this planet's characteristics (特性) —its winds and waves, its fires and rain, and its quakes and eruptins. We must accept its natural rder and disrder s that we can survive.
When we start t get a little full f urselves r attach t much imprtance t ur small accmplishments, remember that a little vlcan (whse name mst f us can't even prnunce) sitting n a little island in the Nrth Atlantic frces us t sit still in ttal wnderment r even sweep away what we wn nw.
1.重点词汇再现
(1)disaster n.灾害
(2)shck vt.(使)震惊
(3)fld n.洪水
(4)drught n.旱灾
(5)affect vt.侵袭
(6)vlcan n.火山
(7)erupt vi.(火山)爆发
(8)breathe vi.呼吸
(9)in the pen air在户外
(10)strike v.侵袭
(11)emergency n.紧急情况
(12)death n.死亡
(13)supply n.补给品
(14)rescue v.营救
(15)bury vt.埋葬
(16)ruin n.废墟
(17)survive vi.存活；生存
(18)sweep away消灭
2．经典句型再现：as if引导表语从句
It seems as if the sky was cvered by a black curtain!
天空看起来好像被黑色的窗帘遮住了！
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅱ) 迷你语料库(Mini Crpus)
续 表
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅲ) 读后续写入门篇：读精——精析语言(Analyze the language)
做读后续写时，为了保持所写的内容和语言与原文的连贯性和一致性，需要通过回读原文，利用 “拉平效应”， 创造性地模仿和使用语言，从而提高写作的效率和流畅度。
分析语篇，可以从五个方面理解原文的语言运用技巧：
1．场景描写(Surrundings)
场景描写包括人、物、事发生的时间、地点、自然环境及社会场景等。场景描写可以充当背景信息，提供人、物、事发生的具体情景设定。其次，场景描写可以表达角色的感情、情绪，可以随着情节的发展有所变化，甚至可以提示、推动情节的发展，增强语篇的代入感。
2．动作描写(Actin)
动作描写指的是描写人物在具体情况下的行为举止，是情节发展的具体体现。恰到好处的动作描写不仅可以塑造生动形象的人物，还可以反应人物的情感态度及心理变化，并最终反映人物的性格特点及思想品质。
3．心理描写(Feelings)
心理描写指的是描写人物在具体情况下的看法、感受、情感及心理活动，并由此反映人物的性格特点及思想品质。心理描写除了对心理的直接描写，还可以结合动作描写及场景描写，共同构建连贯紧凑的语篇。
4．有效对话(Effective dialgue)
有效对话是记叙文中塑造人物的一个重要手段。对话的有效性首先表现在符合人物设定。这样的对话不仅能够有效地推动情节的发展，而且能够增加叙述的生动性。此外，对话语言也要符合记叙文的语言特点——生活化、简化及去书面化。
5．修辞(Figure f speech)
修辞是增加语言生动性的最佳手段。可以引起共鸣，使抽象的情境具体化。常见的修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张、排比。
【典题精析】
阅读下面的材料，完成以下任务。
When there was news that a strm was cming, Sarah didn't think much abut it. She simply shrugged it ff like any ther nrmal day. When she went t the grcery stre and saw that it was full, she still didn't wrry.
Peple inside ran like mad between aisles (过道), grabbing what they culd. Mre peple were crwding in, pushing each ther. Even mre were waiting utside, trying t make their way int the stre. Bare shelves and lng lines made Sarah chuckle(咯咯笑).They must be verreacting, she thught.
On her way hme, she lked verhead. Dark cluds were indeed frming. And they seemed t be running quickly acrss the sky. Still, Sarah was nt bthered. The rain wuld be nice since it had been warm lately.
When she gt hme, Sarah made ppcrn and sat n the sfa with her dg, Cper, and gt ready t watch a mvie. Just as she hit play n the remte(遥控器), she heard the thunder, as lud as a bmb. Rain started t cme dwn hard, making it almst impssible t see the trees in her frnt yard thrugh the windw. Cper immediately jumped frm the sfa, barking in fear in the crner.
“It's OK.” Sarah said. She mved t ne side and saw Cper lked a bit nervus. Sarah turned ff the mvie and instead skipped t the lcal news statin. The strm was much mre serius than she had thught. Peple in a nearby city even said they sptted a trnad. The reprter advised peple t stay inside and secure all f the drs and windws.
Sarah gt up and began making her way arund the huse. Cper fllwed clse behind as she checked all f the windws t make sure they were all fully clsed. By the time she gt back t her sfa, the rain had stpped.“That wasn't s bad，” Sarah said alud.“Just a nice shwer.”
She turned t Cper, wh had gne back t the crner and still lked a bit frightened. She lked utside. It was actually very calm, but she culd see that the wind was picking up. The branches f the trees were dancing wildly and the garbage bin had tipped ver.
1．场景描写(Surrundings)
请选出以下场景描写的作用。
A．介绍发生的时间
B．介绍发生的地点
C．介绍发生的自然环境
D．介绍发生的社会场景
E．推动情节发展
F．表达感情
(1)When there was news that a strm was cming, Sarah didn't think much abut it. A
(2)When she went t the grcery stre and saw that it was full, she still didn't wrry. B
(3)Bare shelves and lng lines made Sarah chuckle. D
(4)Rain started t cme dwn hard, making it almst impssible t see the trees in her frnt yard thrugh the windw. C
(5)And they seemed t be running quickly acrss the sky. Still, Sarah was nt bthered. F
(6)The branches f the trees were dancing wildly and the garbage bin had tipped ver. E
2．动作描写(Actin)
(1)请选出以下动作描写的作用。
A．反映人物的形象
B．反映人物的情感态度
C．反映人物的心理变化
D．反映人物的性格特点及思想品质
①She simply shrugged it ff like any ther nrmal day. B
②When she gt hme, Sarah made ppcrn and sat n the sfa with her dg, Cper, and gt ready t watch a mvie. A
③Sarah turned ff the mvie and instead skipped t the lcal news statin. C
④Sarah gt up and began making her way arund the huse. Cper fllwed clse behind as she checked all f the windws t make sure they were all fully clsed. D
⑤She turned t Cper, wh had gne back t the crner and still lked a bit frightened. She lked utside. C
(2)例④反映了萨拉什么性格特点？
反映了萨拉能够全面周到地考虑到各个方面， 并且遇到问题能够做出积极的应对。
3．心理描写(Feelings)
请选出以下句子用什么手法描写心理活动。
A．动词直接描述心理活动
B．动作体现心理活动
C．场景描写衬托心理活动
D．间接引语体现心理活动
(1) still didn't wrry. A
(2)They must be verreacting, she thught. D
(3)Still, Sarah was nt bthered. The rain wuld be nice since it had been warm lately. C
(4)Cper fllwed clse
4．有效对话(Effective dialgue)
找出文章中的对话，并体会其有效性。
5．修辞(Figure f speech)
请选出以下句子用了什么修辞手法。
A．比喻 B．拟人 C．夸张 D．排比
(1)Peple inside ran like mad between aisles (过道), grabbing what they culd. C
(2)And they seemed t be running quickly acrss the sky. B
(3)Just as she hit play n the remte (遥控器), she heard the thunder, as lud as a bmb. A
(4)Peple inside ran like mad between aisles (过道), grabbing what they culd. Mre peple were crwding in, pushing each ther. Even mre were waiting utside, trying t make their way int the stre. D
名校模拟演练：
1, （2022·河北保定·高二阶段练习）阅读下而材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the first day f the new schl year. Sylvia entered the music rm at a high schl. The 65-year-ld music teacher was knwn fr being strict in class. Many students were afraid f her and nt interested in this class. They attended music class nly because they needed the credit. But Sylvia tk her jb seriusly.
That day, she walked t the pian in the crner and started leading them int a sng t get them warmed up. And she prevented thse trying t jke arund right away, which might explain why sme students didn’t like her teaching style.
Sn enugh, her class was almst ver and ne student asked Sylvia curiusly, “What d yu like t listen t at hme?” “Surely, Beethven and Tchaikvsky,” anther student laughed befre Sylvia culd answer, making sme thers laugh. “I actually like a lt f pp music, and even sme f the things yu listen t nwadays. But I prefer t listen t classic music,” Sylvia replied, smiling at the kids.
Sme returned the smile and started asking abut sme singers and bands. But the bell rang befre she culd answer all their questins and they had t leave. Hwever, it seemed like that the fear in her students had relieved a bit since that day. Sn enugh, the students gt used t her and started taking her lessns mre seriusly.
Hwever, ne day, Sylvia’s husband suddenly died. She tk tw weeks ff frm wrk. Feeling sad and hpeless, she didn’t even listen t music anymre.
Befre lng, her students learned what happened t their music teacher. Sn, they decided t rganize a perfrmance and practice playing certain music that culd be in memry f her husband and cheer her up. When Sylvia returned t the class, they wuld surprise her by playing the music. After making the decisin, the students chse the prper music.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
In the fllwing days, they were busy preparing fr the perfrmance.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When Sylvia entered the music rm, the beautiful music sunded.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2, （2022·全国·高二课时练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
“Surprise!” was the first thing that I heard as sn as I pened the dr. My family and friends were all gathered tgether. There were clrful ballns all ver the huse and a big pster that said “Happy Birthday”. And f curse there was a cake with 12 candles. It was a wnderful feeling knwing that I had finally turned twelve and that I might pssibly get the thing I wanted mst.
I saw my mm and dad cming twards me with a small package wrapped up with really nice pink paper with flwers n it. When I remved the paper and pened the bx, I culdn’t believe my eyes. I had really gt a cell phne! I ran t give my mm and dad the biggest hug ever, and said, “Thank yu! I lve yu!”
“Yu’re welcme. We knew this was ging t make yu happy. But we give yu this nt nly because yu have turned twelve but als because yu are ding well in schl. We expect yu t keep getting gd grades.”
“Of curse I will!” I said cnfidently. As sn as I gt t schl the next mrning I was shwing ff my phne and asking everyne fr their number. It was cl hw I gt s many cntacts (联系人) n the first day. It felt like I didn’t even exist in that class any mre. I didn’t pay much attentin t the teachers because I was t busy n my phne. I texted my friends, surfed the Internet fr stries r played games.
Luckily, I didn’t get caught using it. I had frmed a habit f secretly enjying my phne in class. But I was pretty sure that the teachers did ntice that I stpped paying attentin t them because a week later we tk a test and I failed. T make matters wrse, my parents had t sign the test.
Paragraph 1:
I had n chice but t shw them my test paper.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
My mm added, “Let us help yu keep yur cell phne until yu’re ld enugh.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文：
1, In the fllwing days, they were busy preparing fr the perfrmance. They prepared musical instruments needed fr the music. Then they separated the class int different grups, with sme playing instruments and thers singing. When the task was assigned, the students began t practice the music hard. Althugh it was challenging, they wrked tgether, nt giving up. Finally, it was time fr Sylvia t return t schl. Still sad and hpeless, Sylvia headed t schl. And early befre her class began, the students reached the music rm, ready fr the perfrmance.
When Sylvia entered the music rm, the beautiful music sunded. She was surprised t find her students were standing in the shape f a heart, and playing a beautiful tune fr her. As her students finished the music, tears filled her eyes. Her students apprached her ne by ne, hugging her tightly. Sylvia thanked them fr their kindness. After a few minutes, she wiped her tears. “OK, let’s get back t class!” she said, and her vice was still emtinal. Everyne laughed, fr they knew their strict teacher was back, which made them happy.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了65岁的西尔维娅是一所高中的音乐老师，她以上课严格著称。许多学生害怕她，对这门课不感兴趣。新学年的第一天，西尔维娅试图改变自己的风格，她的学生们的恐惧似乎减轻了一些。很快，学生们就习惯了她，开始更认真地上她的课。一天，西尔维亚的丈夫突然去世了。她请了两周的假。她感到悲伤和绝望，甚至不再听音乐了。学生们决定组织一场演出，练习演奏某种音乐，以纪念她的丈夫，让她振作起来的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在接下来的几天里，他们忙着为演出做准备。”可知，第一段可描写学生们一起努力，准备表演。
②由第二段首句内容“当西尔维亚进入音乐教室时，优美的音乐响起来了。”可知，第二段可描写西尔维亚为学生们为她准备的表演深受感动。
2.续写线索：分组——努力准备——演奏——老师感动——学生高兴
3.词汇激活
行为类
①准备：prepare/make a preparatin fr
②开始：begin/start
③放弃：give up/quit
情绪类
①惊讶的：surprised/astnished
②高兴的：happy/glad/delighted
【点睛】[高分句型1]. When the task was assigned, the students began t practice the music hard. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2]. Everyne laughed, fr they knew their strict teacher was back, which made them happy. (运用了fr引导的原因状语从句和关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句)
2, Paragraph 1:
I had n chice but t shw them my test paper. When seeing my test result, they culdn’t believe it. They were angry but mst f all, they were disappinted. They asked me why I failed the test. I didn’t dare t tell a lie, and tld them the truth. When figuring ut the cause, my dad said, “The phne helps yu cmmunicate with us and yur friends, but I think yu’re t yung t prperly use it.”
Paragraph 2:
My mm added, “Let us help yu keep yur cell phne until yu’re ld enugh.” Althugh I was unwilling t d it, I still tk my phne ut f my pcket and handed it t my parents. During the first days withut the cell phne, I felt bad. But eventually I gt used t it and my life, especially my schl life, became nrmal again. In class, I’d listen carefully as befre. After schl, I’d be devted t finishing my hmewrk. Gradually, my schl perfrmance imprved and I btained gd grades again.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲叙了作者在12岁生日获得了一台手机，并且慢慢的在课堂上沉迷于手机导致成绩下降，最终被父母发现，作者只能告知父母成绩下降的原因是因为玩手机父母最后总决定收回手机的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我别无选择，只能给他们看我的试卷。”可知，第一段可描写父母在看到试卷之后的失望以及作者主动交代成绩下降的原因。
②由第二段首句内容“妈妈又说:“让我们帮你保管手机，直到你长大。””可知，第二段可描写作者最终上交了手机，并且成绩慢慢提高了。
2.续写线索：过生日——收到父母的手机礼物——沉迷于手机——成绩下降——主动承认错误，上交手机——成绩回升3.词汇激活
行为类
①展示：shw sb. sth./give sth. t sb./
②相信：believe/trust/ believe in/ have faith in
③最终：eventually/finally/at last/in the end
情绪类
① 生气的：mad/ angry/ irritated/ annyed
②专心：be devted t/ cncentrate ne's attentin n
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. When figuring ut the cause, my dad said, “The phne helps yu cmmunicate with us and yur friends, but I think yu’re t yung t prperly use it.”（这里的figuring ut是非谓语动词作时间状语）
[高分句型2] Althugh I was unwilling t d it, I still tk my phne ut f my pcket and handed it t my parents.（运用了althugh引导的让步状语从句）
序号
佳句呈现
赏析
1
Strange things were happening in the cuntryside f nrtheastern Hebei.
描写灾难前的场景。特别注意in the cuntryside 中使用定冠词the。
2
Chickens and even pigs were t nervus t eat, and dgs refused t g inside buildings.
描写灾难发生前的动物异常情况。其中运用“”结构，意为“太……以至于(不能)……”
3
At abut 3：00 a．m., n 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky utside the city f Tangshan and lud nises were heard.
描写灾难前发生的异常情况：出现亮光和不明原因的噪声。句中使用了并列的被动结构。
4
At 3：42 a．m., everything began t shake.
概括性描述灾难的开始。
5
It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end！
概括性描述灾难的严重后果。句中as if引导表语从句。
6
Nearly ne third f the whle natin felt it！
描述灾难的严重性。
7
A huge crack, eight kilmetres lng and 30 metres wide, cut acrss huses, rads, and waterways.
描述地震时地面裂开的场景。
8
Hard hills f rck became rivers f dirt.
描述地震中山被震碎的场景，表示地震的严重程度。句子运用了比喻这一修辞手法。
9
In less than ne minute, a large city lay in ruins.
概括性描述灾难的严重性。
10
Tw thirds f the peple wh lived there were dead r injured. Thusands f children were left withut parents.
描述灾难造成的人员伤亡。第二句是“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构的被动形式。
11
Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins.
从幸存者的角度描述灾难的严重后果。
序号
佳句呈现
赏析
12
Bricks cvered the grund like red autumn leaves, but n wind culd blw them away.
描述灾难之后，房屋倒塌，红砖落地如红色秋叶，满目疮痍。句子运用了比喻这一修辞手法。
13
Peple were in shck.
描述灾难之后，人们的心理状况。
14
Water, fd, and electricity were hard t get.
描述灾难之后断水、断电、断粮的场景。
15
Peple began t wnder hw lng the disaster wuld last.
描述灾难之后人们惶恐不安的心情。
16
Sn after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead.
描述灾难之后，军队士兵积极救助的场景。
17
Mre than 10，000 dctrs and nurses came t prvide medical care.
描述灾难之后，医护人员积极救助的场景。
18
Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed.
描述灾难之后，工人们积极帮助幸存者、提供庇护所的场景。
19
Hundreds f thusands f peple were helped. Water and fd were brught int the city by train, truck, and plane.
描述积极救助之后，城市逐渐恢复的场景。
20
Slwly, the city began t breathe again.
概括性描述积极救助之后，城市恢复的场景。句子运用了“拟人”这一修辞手法。
21
Tangshan started t revive itself and get back up n its feet.
概括性描述积极救助之后，城市恢复的场景。句子运用了“拟人”这一修辞手法。
22
With strng supprt frm the gvernment and the tireless effrts f the city's peple, a new Tangshan was built upn the earthquake ruins.
描述在大家的共同努力下，灾后重建取得成功的场景。
23
In times f disaster, peple must unify and shw the wisdm t stay psitive and rebuild fr a brighter future.
是文章升华处的描写。表明大家只有靠团结和智慧，才能够成功地进行灾后重建。
24
Fishermen, turists, htels, hmes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strng earthquake that reached a magnitude f 9.0.
细节描述地震的严重程度。
25
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my hme.
运用了“be ”句型，表示灾难发生的突然。
26
We had t leave everything and run t safety.
描写灾难发生的突然性。
27
Freign aid is being rganised fr the tsunamihit cuntries.
描述灾后国际合作救援的场景。
28
Hwever, dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver fd and supplies.
描写灾后救援会遇到的困难。运用了“make ＋it＋宾补＋t d sth.”结构。
Mther Nature Always Has a Surprise fr Us Up Her Sleeve
When Mther Nature decides t unleash (发泄) her anger, there's very little we can d except deal with it.
In the past year, a series f natural disasters has shcked the imaginatin and reminded us f ur human limitatins. There have been flds, drughts and big earthquakes. They've shaken ur senses as they've affected big cities and small villages.
And nw a vlcan n Iceland erupts. After being inactive fr almst 200 years, it has been emitting (喷发) balls f fire, ice and a giant clud f ash that has paralyzed much f Eurpean air travel. It seems as if the sky was cvered by a black curtain! What's wrse, the air feels difficult t breathe. The authrities called n peple t avid activities in the pen air.
With all f ur attempts t tame (驯服) r predict nature, we ften find urselves caught ff guard when “acts f Gd” challenge ur understanding.
We put ur trust in ur dams and levees (堤岸), early warning systems and mdernday weather radar and the manpwer we summn (召集) when uncntrllable frces strike us with an intense fierceness.
Mst ften we can nly respnd t disaster rather than prevent the emergency. We suffer the destructin, death and shrtage f essential supplies. We have n chice but t try ur best t rescue as many as pssible, bury the dead, rebuild frm the ruins and mve n.
Nature will always remind us that as lng as we are n this Earth we will have t deal with this planet's characteristics (特性) —its winds and waves, its fires and rain, and its quakes and eruptins. We must accept its natural rder and disrder s that we can survive.
When we start t get a little full f urselves r attach t much imprtance t ur small accmplishments, remember that a little vlcan (whse name mst f us can't even prnunce) sitting n a little island in the Nrth Atlantic frces us t sit still in ttal wnderment r even sweep away what we wn nw.
1.重点词汇再现
(1)disaster n.灾害
(2)shck vt.(使)震惊
(3)fld n.洪水
(4)drught n.旱灾
(5)affect vt.侵袭
(6)vlcan n.火山
(7)erupt vi.(火山)爆发
(8)breathe vi.呼吸
(9)in the pen air在户外
(10)strike v.侵袭
(11)emergency n.紧急情况
(12)death n.死亡
(13)supply n.补给品
(14)rescue v.营救
(15)bury vt.埋葬
(16)ruin n.废墟
(17)survive vi.存活；生存
(18)sweep away消灭
2．经典句型再现：as if引导表语从句
It seems as if the sky was cvered by a black curtain!
天空看起来好像被黑色的窗帘遮住了！
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅱ) 迷你语料库(Mini Crpus)
续 表
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅲ) 读后续写入门篇：读精——精析语言(Analyze the language)
做读后续写时，为了保持所写的内容和语言与原文的连贯性和一致性，需要通过回读原文，利用 “拉平效应”， 创造性地模仿和使用语言，从而提高写作的效率和流畅度。
分析语篇，可以从五个方面理解原文的语言运用技巧：
1．场景描写(Surrundings)
场景描写包括人、物、事发生的时间、地点、自然环境及社会场景等。场景描写可以充当背景信息，提供人、物、事发生的具体情景设定。其次，场景描写可以表达角色的感情、情绪，可以随着情节的发展有所变化，甚至可以提示、推动情节的发展，增强语篇的代入感。
2．动作描写(Actin)
动作描写指的是描写人物在具体情况下的行为举止，是情节发展的具体体现。恰到好处的动作描写不仅可以塑造生动形象的人物，还可以反应人物的情感态度及心理变化，并最终反映人物的性格特点及思想品质。
3．心理描写(Feelings)
心理描写指的是描写人物在具体情况下的看法、感受、情感及心理活动，并由此反映人物的性格特点及思想品质。心理描写除了对心理的直接描写，还可以结合动作描写及场景描写，共同构建连贯紧凑的语篇。
4．有效对话(Effective dialgue)
有效对话是记叙文中塑造人物的一个重要手段。对话的有效性首先表现在符合人物设定。这样的对话不仅能够有效地推动情节的发展，而且能够增加叙述的生动性。此外，对话语言也要符合记叙文的语言特点——生活化、简化及去书面化。
5．修辞(Figure f speech)
修辞是增加语言生动性的最佳手段。可以引起共鸣，使抽象的情境具体化。常见的修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张、排比。
【典题精析】
阅读下面的材料，完成以下任务。
When there was news that a strm was cming, Sarah didn't think much abut it. She simply shrugged it ff like any ther nrmal day. When she went t the grcery stre and saw that it was full, she still didn't wrry.
Peple inside ran like mad between aisles (过道), grabbing what they culd. Mre peple were crwding in, pushing each ther. Even mre were waiting utside, trying t make their way int the stre. Bare shelves and lng lines made Sarah chuckle(咯咯笑).They must be verreacting, she thught.
On her way hme, she lked verhead. Dark cluds were indeed frming. And they seemed t be running quickly acrss the sky. Still, Sarah was nt bthered. The rain wuld be nice since it had been warm lately.
When she gt hme, Sarah made ppcrn and sat n the sfa with her dg, Cper, and gt ready t watch a mvie. Just as she hit play n the remte(遥控器), she heard the thunder, as lud as a bmb. Rain started t cme dwn hard, making it almst impssible t see the trees in her frnt yard thrugh the windw. Cper immediately jumped frm the sfa, barking in fear in the crner.
“It's OK.” Sarah said. She mved t ne side and saw Cper lked a bit nervus. Sarah turned ff the mvie and instead skipped t the lcal news statin. The strm was much mre serius than she had thught. Peple in a nearby city even said they sptted a trnad. The reprter advised peple t stay inside and secure all f the drs and windws.
Sarah gt up and began making her way arund the huse. Cper fllwed clse behind as she checked all f the windws t make sure they were all fully clsed. By the time she gt back t her sfa, the rain had stpped.“That wasn't s bad，” Sarah said alud.“Just a nice shwer.”
She turned t Cper, wh had gne back t the crner and still lked a bit frightened. She lked utside. It was actually very calm, but she culd see that the wind was picking up. The branches f the trees were dancing wildly and the garbage bin had tipped ver.
1．场景描写(Surrundings)
请选出以下场景描写的作用。
A．介绍发生的时间
B．介绍发生的地点
C．介绍发生的自然环境
D．介绍发生的社会场景
E．推动情节发展
F．表达感情
(1)When there was news that a strm was cming, Sarah didn't think much abut it. A
(2)When she went t the grcery stre and saw that it was full, she still didn't wrry. B
(3)Bare shelves and lng lines made Sarah chuckle. D
(4)Rain started t cme dwn hard, making it almst impssible t see the trees in her frnt yard thrugh the windw. C
(5)And they seemed t be running quickly acrss the sky. Still, Sarah was nt bthered. F
(6)The branches f the trees were dancing wildly and the garbage bin had tipped ver. E
2．动作描写(Actin)
(1)请选出以下动作描写的作用。
A．反映人物的形象
B．反映人物的情感态度
C．反映人物的心理变化
D．反映人物的性格特点及思想品质
①She simply shrugged it ff like any ther nrmal day. B
②When she gt hme, Sarah made ppcrn and sat n the sfa with her dg, Cper, and gt ready t watch a mvie. A
③Sarah turned ff the mvie and instead skipped t the lcal news statin. C
④Sarah gt up and began making her way arund the huse. Cper fllwed clse behind as she checked all f the windws t make sure they were all fully clsed. D
⑤She turned t Cper, wh had gne back t the crner and still lked a bit frightened. She lked utside. C
(2)例④反映了萨拉什么性格特点？
反映了萨拉能够全面周到地考虑到各个方面， 并且遇到问题能够做出积极的应对。
3．心理描写(Feelings)
请选出以下句子用什么手法描写心理活动。
A．动词直接描述心理活动
B．动作体现心理活动
C．场景描写衬托心理活动
D．间接引语体现心理活动
(1) still didn't wrry. A
(2)They must be verreacting, she thught. D
(3)Still, Sarah was nt bthered. The rain wuld be nice since it had been warm lately. C
(4)Cper fllwed clse
4．有效对话(Effective dialgue)
找出文章中的对话，并体会其有效性。
5．修辞(Figure f speech)
请选出以下句子用了什么修辞手法。
A．比喻 B．拟人 C．夸张 D．排比
(1)Peple inside ran like mad between aisles (过道), grabbing what they culd. C
(2)And they seemed t be running quickly acrss the sky. B
(3)Just as she hit play n the remte (遥控器), she heard the thunder, as lud as a bmb. A
(4)Peple inside ran like mad between aisles (过道), grabbing what they culd. Mre peple were crwding in, pushing each ther. Even mre were waiting utside, trying t make their way int the stre. D
名校模拟演练：
1, （2022·河北保定·高二阶段练习）阅读下而材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the first day f the new schl year. Sylvia entered the music rm at a high schl. The 65-year-ld music teacher was knwn fr being strict in class. Many students were afraid f her and nt interested in this class. They attended music class nly because they needed the credit. But Sylvia tk her jb seriusly.
That day, she walked t the pian in the crner and started leading them int a sng t get them warmed up. And she prevented thse trying t jke arund right away, which might explain why sme students didn’t like her teaching style.
Sn enugh, her class was almst ver and ne student asked Sylvia curiusly, “What d yu like t listen t at hme?” “Surely, Beethven and Tchaikvsky,” anther student laughed befre Sylvia culd answer, making sme thers laugh. “I actually like a lt f pp music, and even sme f the things yu listen t nwadays. But I prefer t listen t classic music,” Sylvia replied, smiling at the kids.
Sme returned the smile and started asking abut sme singers and bands. But the bell rang befre she culd answer all their questins and they had t leave. Hwever, it seemed like that the fear in her students had relieved a bit since that day. Sn enugh, the students gt used t her and started taking her lessns mre seriusly.
Hwever, ne day, Sylvia’s husband suddenly died. She tk tw weeks ff frm wrk. Feeling sad and hpeless, she didn’t even listen t music anymre.
Befre lng, her students learned what happened t their music teacher. Sn, they decided t rganize a perfrmance and practice playing certain music that culd be in memry f her husband and cheer her up. When Sylvia returned t the class, they wuld surprise her by playing the music. After making the decisin, the students chse the prper music.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
In the fllwing days, they were busy preparing fr the perfrmance.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When Sylvia entered the music rm, the beautiful music sunded.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2, （2022·全国·高二课时练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
“Surprise!” was the first thing that I heard as sn as I pened the dr. My family and friends were all gathered tgether. There were clrful ballns all ver the huse and a big pster that said “Happy Birthday”. And f curse there was a cake with 12 candles. It was a wnderful feeling knwing that I had finally turned twelve and that I might pssibly get the thing I wanted mst.
I saw my mm and dad cming twards me with a small package wrapped up with really nice pink paper with flwers n it. When I remved the paper and pened the bx, I culdn’t believe my eyes. I had really gt a cell phne! I ran t give my mm and dad the biggest hug ever, and said, “Thank yu! I lve yu!”
“Yu’re welcme. We knew this was ging t make yu happy. But we give yu this nt nly because yu have turned twelve but als because yu are ding well in schl. We expect yu t keep getting gd grades.”
“Of curse I will!” I said cnfidently. As sn as I gt t schl the next mrning I was shwing ff my phne and asking everyne fr their number. It was cl hw I gt s many cntacts (联系人) n the first day. It felt like I didn’t even exist in that class any mre. I didn’t pay much attentin t the teachers because I was t busy n my phne. I texted my friends, surfed the Internet fr stries r played games.
Luckily, I didn’t get caught using it. I had frmed a habit f secretly enjying my phne in class. But I was pretty sure that the teachers did ntice that I stpped paying attentin t them because a week later we tk a test and I failed. T make matters wrse, my parents had t sign the test.
Paragraph 1:
I had n chice but t shw them my test paper.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
My mm added, “Let us help yu keep yur cell phne until yu’re ld enugh.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文：
1, In the fllwing days, they were busy preparing fr the perfrmance. They prepared musical instruments needed fr the music. Then they separated the class int different grups, with sme playing instruments and thers singing. When the task was assigned, the students began t practice the music hard. Althugh it was challenging, they wrked tgether, nt giving up. Finally, it was time fr Sylvia t return t schl. Still sad and hpeless, Sylvia headed t schl. And early befre her class began, the students reached the music rm, ready fr the perfrmance.
When Sylvia entered the music rm, the beautiful music sunded. She was surprised t find her students were standing in the shape f a heart, and playing a beautiful tune fr her. As her students finished the music, tears filled her eyes. Her students apprached her ne by ne, hugging her tightly. Sylvia thanked them fr their kindness. After a few minutes, she wiped her tears. “OK, let’s get back t class!” she said, and her vice was still emtinal. Everyne laughed, fr they knew their strict teacher was back, which made them happy.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了65岁的西尔维娅是一所高中的音乐老师，她以上课严格著称。许多学生害怕她，对这门课不感兴趣。新学年的第一天，西尔维娅试图改变自己的风格，她的学生们的恐惧似乎减轻了一些。很快，学生们就习惯了她，开始更认真地上她的课。一天，西尔维亚的丈夫突然去世了。她请了两周的假。她感到悲伤和绝望，甚至不再听音乐了。学生们决定组织一场演出，练习演奏某种音乐，以纪念她的丈夫，让她振作起来的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在接下来的几天里，他们忙着为演出做准备。”可知，第一段可描写学生们一起努力，准备表演。
②由第二段首句内容“当西尔维亚进入音乐教室时，优美的音乐响起来了。”可知，第二段可描写西尔维亚为学生们为她准备的表演深受感动。
2.续写线索：分组——努力准备——演奏——老师感动——学生高兴
3.词汇激活
行为类
①准备：prepare/make a preparatin fr
②开始：begin/start
③放弃：give up/quit
情绪类
①惊讶的：surprised/astnished
②高兴的：happy/glad/delighted
【点睛】[高分句型1]. When the task was assigned, the students began t practice the music hard. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2]. Everyne laughed, fr they knew their strict teacher was back, which made them happy. (运用了fr引导的原因状语从句和关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句)
2, Paragraph 1:
I had n chice but t shw them my test paper. When seeing my test result, they culdn’t believe it. They were angry but mst f all, they were disappinted. They asked me why I failed the test. I didn’t dare t tell a lie, and tld them the truth. When figuring ut the cause, my dad said, “The phne helps yu cmmunicate with us and yur friends, but I think yu’re t yung t prperly use it.”
Paragraph 2:
My mm added, “Let us help yu keep yur cell phne until yu’re ld enugh.” Althugh I was unwilling t d it, I still tk my phne ut f my pcket and handed it t my parents. During the first days withut the cell phne, I felt bad. But eventually I gt used t it and my life, especially my schl life, became nrmal again. In class, I’d listen carefully as befre. After schl, I’d be devted t finishing my hmewrk. Gradually, my schl perfrmance imprved and I btained gd grades again.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲叙了作者在12岁生日获得了一台手机，并且慢慢的在课堂上沉迷于手机导致成绩下降，最终被父母发现，作者只能告知父母成绩下降的原因是因为玩手机父母最后总决定收回手机的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我别无选择，只能给他们看我的试卷。”可知，第一段可描写父母在看到试卷之后的失望以及作者主动交代成绩下降的原因。
②由第二段首句内容“妈妈又说:“让我们帮你保管手机，直到你长大。””可知，第二段可描写作者最终上交了手机，并且成绩慢慢提高了。
2.续写线索：过生日——收到父母的手机礼物——沉迷于手机——成绩下降——主动承认错误，上交手机——成绩回升3.词汇激活
行为类
①展示：shw sb. sth./give sth. t sb./
②相信：believe/trust/ believe in/ have faith in
③最终：eventually/finally/at last/in the end
情绪类
① 生气的：mad/ angry/ irritated/ annyed
②专心：be devted t/ cncentrate ne's attentin n
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. When figuring ut the cause, my dad said, “The phne helps yu cmmunicate with us and yur friends, but I think yu’re t yung t prperly use it.”（这里的figuring ut是非谓语动词作时间状语）
[高分句型2] Althugh I was unwilling t d it, I still tk my phne ut f my pcket and handed it t my parents.（运用了althugh引导的让步状语从句）
序号
佳句呈现
赏析
1
Strange things were happening in the cuntryside f nrtheastern Hebei.
描写灾难前的场景。特别注意in the cuntryside 中使用定冠词the。
2
Chickens and even pigs were t nervus t eat, and dgs refused t g inside buildings.
描写灾难发生前的动物异常情况。其中运用“”结构，意为“太……以至于(不能)……”
3
At abut 3：00 a．m., n 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky utside the city f Tangshan and lud nises were heard.
描写灾难前发生的异常情况：出现亮光和不明原因的噪声。句中使用了并列的被动结构。
4
At 3：42 a．m., everything began t shake.
概括性描述灾难的开始。
5
It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end！
概括性描述灾难的严重后果。句中as if引导表语从句。
6
Nearly ne third f the whle natin felt it！
描述灾难的严重性。
7
A huge crack, eight kilmetres lng and 30 metres wide, cut acrss huses, rads, and waterways.
描述地震时地面裂开的场景。
8
Hard hills f rck became rivers f dirt.
描述地震中山被震碎的场景，表示地震的严重程度。句子运用了比喻这一修辞手法。
9
In less than ne minute, a large city lay in ruins.
概括性描述灾难的严重性。
10
Tw thirds f the peple wh lived there were dead r injured. Thusands f children were left withut parents.
描述灾难造成的人员伤亡。第二句是“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构的被动形式。
11
Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins.
从幸存者的角度描述灾难的严重后果。
序号
佳句呈现
赏析
12
Bricks cvered the grund like red autumn leaves, but n wind culd blw them away.
描述灾难之后，房屋倒塌，红砖落地如红色秋叶，满目疮痍。句子运用了比喻这一修辞手法。
13
Peple were in shck.
描述灾难之后，人们的心理状况。
14
Water, fd, and electricity were hard t get.
描述灾难之后断水、断电、断粮的场景。
15
Peple began t wnder hw lng the disaster wuld last.
描述灾难之后人们惶恐不安的心情。
16
Sn after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead.
描述灾难之后，军队士兵积极救助的场景。
17
Mre than 10，000 dctrs and nurses came t prvide medical care.
描述灾难之后，医护人员积极救助的场景。
18
Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed.
描述灾难之后，工人们积极帮助幸存者、提供庇护所的场景。
19
Hundreds f thusands f peple were helped. Water and fd were brught int the city by train, truck, and plane.
描述积极救助之后，城市逐渐恢复的场景。
20
Slwly, the city began t breathe again.
概括性描述积极救助之后，城市恢复的场景。句子运用了“拟人”这一修辞手法。
21
Tangshan started t revive itself and get back up n its feet.
概括性描述积极救助之后，城市恢复的场景。句子运用了“拟人”这一修辞手法。
22
With strng supprt frm the gvernment and the tireless effrts f the city's peple, a new Tangshan was built upn the earthquake ruins.
描述在大家的共同努力下，灾后重建取得成功的场景。
23
In times f disaster, peple must unify and shw the wisdm t stay psitive and rebuild fr a brighter future.
是文章升华处的描写。表明大家只有靠团结和智慧，才能够成功地进行灾后重建。
24
Fishermen, turists, htels, hmes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strng earthquake that reached a magnitude f 9.0.
细节描述地震的严重程度。
25
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my hme.
运用了“be ”句型，表示灾难发生的突然。
26
We had t leave everything and run t safety.
描写灾难发生的突然性。
27
Freign aid is being rganised fr the tsunamihit cuntries.
描述灾后国际合作救援的场景。
28
Hwever, dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver fd and supplies.
描写灾后救援会遇到的困难。运用了“make ＋it＋宾补＋t d sth.”结构。
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