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山西省榆次第一中学校2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试（暑假作业检查）英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份山西省榆次第一中学校2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试（暑假作业检查）英语试题（解析版），共29页。
1. He’s giving me English lessns in exchange ______________ my teaching him Chinese. （用适当的单词填空）
【答案】fr
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他教我英语，作为我教他中文的交换。结合句意表示“作为交换”可知短语为in exchange fr。故填fr。
2. Filled with __________ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】curisity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这位艺术家充满了好奇心，收拾行囊离开了。作宾语，应用名词curisity，表抽象概念，不可数。故填curisity。
3. Accrding t Prfessr Jhnsn, we dn’t have t read the bk if we dn’t want t, as it is ________ (ptin). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】ptinal
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，我们也不必读，因为它是可选择的。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词ptinal作系动词is的表语，表示“可选择的”。故填ptinal。
4. Once the bk yu’ve requested ______ (deliver) t the nearest stre, they will infrm yu by e-mail, s yu can pick it up.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is delivered
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一旦你要的书被送到最近的书店，他们会通过电子邮件通知你，这样你就可以去取书了。分析句子结构可知，本句是nce引导的条件状语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，所以deliver作从句谓语，主语是bk，两者间是被动关系，用被动语态，主句用的是一般将来时，状语从句中需用一般现在时代替将来时，主语bk为第三人称单数。故填is delivered。
5. He brught us sme nvels, all f ________ are written in English. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他给我们带来了一些小说，都是用英语写的。这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词是 sme nvels，关系代词在从句中作介词 f 的宾语，所以用关系代词which。根据句意，故填which。
6. Fr thse wh can stmach it, wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre________(benefit) fr health than eating first. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】beneficial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：对于那些可以忍受的人来说，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃更有益于健康。系动词be后应用形容词，mre后接形容词原形，benefit的形容词为beneficial，意为“有益的”，作表语。故填beneficial。
7. While ________ (discuss) the design t save the trapped miners, the experts fund it rather practical. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】discussing
【解析】
【详解】考查省略。句意：在讨论拯救被困矿工的设计时，专家们发现它相当实用。while 引导的时间状语从句，当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有 be 动词时，可以省略从句主语和 be 动词，这里完整的句子是 While they were discussing the design t save the trapped miners，省略了 they were。故填discussing。
8. The law ________(date) back t the 17th century is still in use tday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】dating
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这项可以追溯到17世纪的法律至今仍在使用。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作后置定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语the law之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填dating。
9. The students are studying in an atmsphere ________ everyne is friendly. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生们在每个人都很友好的气氛中学习。句中先行词为atmsphere，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。根据句意，故填where。
10. Jhn was studying in his rm ________ he heard smene screaming. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。此处为句型be “正做某事时，突然……”。故填when。
11. Histrical ____ (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.（用单词适当形式填空）
【答案】accuracy
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词histrical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
12. It was nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse_________________we saw Lily in the passenger seat. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到那辆车停在我们家门口，我们才看到莉莉坐在副驾驶座上。根据句意及句子分析可知，把It was和该空去掉，句子结构完整，语义清晰，由此判断此处是强调句型“It is/was +被强调部分+that+句子其它成分”，如果被强调部分是人，可以用wh代替that，这里强调时间状语从句，应用that。故填that。
13. The library is nw a multimedia zne, ________ (lad) with infrmatin in many frmats. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】laded
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：图书馆现在是一个多媒体区，装载着多种格式的信息。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词。名词The library和lad之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填laded。
14. It was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it ________ (take) t get there. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】wuld take
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道到那里需要多长时间。根据句意，主句是过去时态，宾语从句也应使用过去某种时态，结合语境用过去将来时态wuld+动词原形，故填wuld take。
15. We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ________ (ccur) billins f years ag. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】ccurred
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们是进化的产物，而不仅仅是数十亿年前发生的进化。根据时间状语billins f years ag可知，that引导的定语从句应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填ccurred。
16. She aplgised t me and admitted_____ (take) my umbrella by mistake. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】taking##having taken
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她向我道歉，承认误拿了我的雨伞。根据admit ding(承认做过某事）可知，空格处可以填taking；由于take的动作发生在主句aplgised之前，因此还可以用having dne。故填taking/having taken。
17. Wh desn’t lve the name PNUT — shrt ____________ Persnal Ne Urban Transprt? (用适当的词填空)
【答案】fr
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：谁不喜欢PNUT这个名字——Persnal Ne Urban Transprt的缩写？(be) shrt fr意为“是……的缩写”。故填fr。
18. S far, the clsure f the factry ____________ (leave) hundreds f men unemplyed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has left
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，工厂的关闭使数百人失业。根据句中时间状语S far可知，用现在完成时。主语是the clsure f the factry，谓语动词用第三人称单数学生。故填has left。
19. With the Cllege Entrance Examinatin _________(apprach), I strngly recmmend that we shuld value time and study hard t be admitted int key universities. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】appraching
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着高考临近，我强烈建议我们应该珍惜时间，努力学习，考上重点大学。介词with后宾语the Cllege Entrance Examinatin与apprach之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填appraching。
20. Sme were cllecting firewd, while thers were just ___________ (aimless) walking r standing by the rad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】aimlessly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：一些人在捡柴火，而另一些人只是漫无目的地走着或站在路边。修饰动词walk应用副词aimlessly，作状语。故填aimlessly。
第二部分 阅读理解(每题 2.5 分，共 55 分)
(1)
Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have fund a way t make "green" ammnia (氨) frm air, water and renewable electricity. In a paper published in Energy and Envirnmental Science, the authrs say that ammnia synthesis (合成法) was ne f the critical achievements f the 20th century. When used in fusiliers that significantly increase the utput f fd crps, it enabled agriculture t sustain an ever-expanding glbal ppulatin.
But since the beginning f the 1900s when it was first emplyed, prductin f ammnia has been energy intensive- requiring temperatures higher than 400℃ and pressures greater than 200 atm-and all pwered by fssil fuels. Dr. Emma Lvell, a c authr n the paper frm UNSW, says the traditinal way t make ammnia- knwn as the Haber- Bsch prcess- is nly cst-effective when it is prduced n a massive scale due t the huge amunts f energy and expensive materials required and it prduces mre CO2 than any ther chemical-making reactin.
“In additin t the big carbn ftprint left by the Haber Bsch prcess, having t prduce millins f tns f ammnia in centralised lcatins means even mre energy is required t transprt it arund the wrld, nt t mentin the risks that g with string large amunts f it in the ne place,” says Dr. Lvell. “And we saw tragically in Beirut recently hw ptentially dangerus string ammnium nitrate (硝酸盐) can be. ”
Dr. Lvell and her clleagues therefre lked at hw t prduce it cheaply, n a smaller scale and using renewable energy. Their new prductin methd des nt rely n fssil fuel resurces, nr give f CO2.
“And nce it becmes available cmmercially, the technlgy culd be used t prduce ammnia directly n site and n demand- farmers culd even d this n lcatin using ur technlgy t make fertilisers- which means we negate the need fr strage and transprt There's a huge benefit t sciety as well as the health f the planet,”Dr. Lvell says.
21. What d we knw abut the Haver-Bsch prcess?
A. It des harm t the earth.
B. It requires green materials.
C. It uses less energy and is cheap.
D. It transfrms fssil fuels int ammnia.
22. Why is the city Beirut mentined in the text?
A. T remind peple t prtect the envirnment.
B. T give an example f the risk in ammnia strage.
C. T cnvince farmers t transprt ammnia elsewhere.
D. T stress the chice f a prper centralised lcatin.
23. What des the underlined wrd “negate” prbably mean in the last paragraph?
A. Inspect.B. Avid.C. Suit.D. Accept.
24. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T slve a prblem.B. T explain a prcess.
C. T advcate a thery.D. T intrduce a methd.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B 24. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。悉尼新南威尔士大学的化学工程师发现了一种方法，可以从空气、水和可再生电力中制造“绿色”氨，这种新方法的使用对社会和地球的健康都有巨大的好处。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dr. Emma Lvell, a cauthr n the paper frm UNSW, says the traditinal way t make ammnia- knwn as the Haber- Bsch prcess- is nly cst-effective when it is prduced n a massive scale due t the huge amunts f energy and expensive materials required and it prduces mre CO2 than any ther chemical-making reactin.”（新南威尔大学的合著者 Emma Lvell博士说，传统的制造氨的方法——即 Haber- Bsch工艺——只有在大规模生产时才具有成本效益，因为需要大量的能源和昂贵的材料，而且它比其他任何化学制造反应产生更多的二氧化碳。）第三段第一句““In additin t the big carbn ftprint left by the Haber Bsch prcess, having t prduce millins f tns f ammnia in centralised lcatins means even mre energy is required t transprt it arund the wrld, nt t mentin the risks that g with string large amunts f it in the ne place,” says Dr. Lvel”（ Lvel博士说： “除了 Haber- Bsch工艺生产过程留下的大量碳足印，在集中地点生产数百万吨氨意味着需要更多的能源将氨运往全球，更不用说将大量氨存储在一个地方所带来的风险。”）可知，传统的制造氨的方法， Haber- Bsch工艺对地球是有害的。选项A与文意相符，故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“And we saw tragically in Beirut recently hw ptentially dangerus string ammnium nitrate (硝酸盐) can be. ””（最近，我们在贝鲁特悲惨地看到了储存硝酸铵的潜在危险。）可知，此处引用城市Beirut的例子，是举例说明氨储存的风险。选项B与文意一致，故选B。
【23题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“And nce it becmes available cmmercially, the technlgy culd be used t prduce ammnia directly n site and n demand- farmers culd even d this n lcatin using ur technlgy t make fertilisers”（一旦商业化，这项技术就可以直接在现场生产氨，农民甚至可以在现场使用我们的技术生产化肥）可知，使用了这项技术，可以直接在现场生产氨。即这就意味着我们可以避免储存和运输了。“negate”意思是“避免”，选项B符合题意，故选B。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have fund a way t make "green" ammnia (氨) frm air, water and renewable electricity. ”（悉尼新南威尔士大学的化学工程师发现了一种方法，可以从空气、水和可再生电力中制造“绿色”氨），可知本文主要描述了一种可以从空气、水和可再生电力中制造“绿色”氨的新方法。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
(2)
Pllinatin (授粉) is imprtant fr the reprductin f many plants. Sme rely n the wind r water fr pllinatin, but mst depend n animals t serve as the pllinatrs. Insects like bees, mths, and beetles als serve as the pllinatrs, helping with this prcess.
Unfrtunately, the wrldwide spread f light pllutin may be affecting the imprtant interactins (相互作用) between plants and insects, causing bad cnsequences fr bth natural areas and agricultural lands.
A team f scientists in Switzerland recently studied hw the cmplex interactins between plants and pllinatrs were affected by artificial light at night. By setting up several grasslands with LED street lamps, the scientists were able t cmpare the differences.
Fcusing n cabbage thistle, a type f plants, the researchers cunted 62% fewer insect visits t the lit grasslands. They als nted 29% fewer pllinatrs than the nes in the uncntrlled lands, which resulted in 13% fewer fruits n the cabbage thistle plants they were studying.
Based n the fact that there was reduced fruit prductin in the cntrlled lands, the scientists fund that the pllinatrs wh wrked during the day were nt able t make up fr the reduced activity f the pllinatrs at night. Additinally, there seemed t be the ptential fr a very negative effect, because many f the plants sme insects are helping t pllinate are the mst imprtant surces f fd fr them.
Artificial light affects pllinatin, and thus fruit prductin, in tw different, but cnnected ways, accrding t a scientist frm Califrnia. Imagine a mth flying int a light at night — the first way is by misdirecting pllinatrs. The secnd way is by cnfusing the sense f time f plants. Besides, plants and insects respnd t varying wavelengths f light differently. Mre research is needed t understand the cmplex interactins between plants, pllinatrs, and different types f light.
“The annually increasing man made light imprves humans’ life. It causes bad cnsequences fr the envirnment, hwever. We can never base ur life n the lss f the envirnment,” says Knp, lead authr f the study.
25. Accrding t the passage, the first paragraph is used t ________.
A. put frward a prblemB. present backgrund infrmatin
C. infrm the purpse f the studyD. intrduce the subjects t be studied
26. Accrding t the study, the plants under the artificial light ________.
A. stpped bearing fruits in the endB. failed t be pllinated
C. were visited by fewer insectsD. were mre attractive t pllinatrs
27. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 5 refer t?
A. The starvatin f insects.B. The lss f pllinatin.
C. The reduced fruit prductin.D. The death f sme plants.
28. What can we learn frm Paragraph 6?
A. Misdirected insects cnfuse plants’ sense f time.
B. Pllinatin and fruit prductin are related in tw ways.
C. The different effects f varying light n pllinatin are clear.
D. Artificial light affects plants’ pllinatin and sense f time.
【答案】25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了光污染可能影响植物与昆虫间的重要互动，对自然区域和农业土地造成不良后果。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Pllinatin (授粉) is imprtant fr the reprductin f many plants. Sme rely n the wind r water fr pllinatin, but mst depend n animals t serve as the pllinatrs. Insects like bees, mths, and beetles als serve as the pllinatrs, helping with this prcess. (授粉对许多植物的繁殖都很重要。有些依靠风或水授粉，但大多数依靠动物作为传粉者。蜜蜂、飞蛾和甲虫等昆虫也作为传粉者，帮助这一过程。)”介绍的是授粉的相关情况，可知第一段用于介绍背景信息。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Fcusing n cabbage thistle, a type f plants, the researchers cunted 62% fewer insect visits t the lit grasslands. They als nted 29% fewer pllinatrs than the nes in the uncntrlled lands, which resulted in 13% fewer fruits n the cabbage thistle plants they were studying. (以白菜蓟这种植物为研究对象，研究人员发现，在点亮的草原上，昆虫的数量减少了62%。他们还注意到，与未受控制的土地相比，传粉者减少了29%，这导致他们研究的白菜蓟植物的果实减少了13%。)”可知，这项研究表明，在人工光照下的植物访问的昆虫较少。故选C。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第五段“because many f the plants sme insects are helping t pllinate are the mst imprtant surces f fd fr them. (因为对许多植物来说，一些帮助授粉的昆虫是它们最重要的食物来源。)”可知，植物是昆虫的重要的食物来源，所以这里的“消极影响”指的是“昆虫的饥饿”。故选A。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Artificial light affects pllinatin, and thus fruit prductin, in tw different, but cnnected ways, accrding t a scientist frm Califrnia. Imagine a mth flying int a light at night — the first way is by misdirecting pllinatrs. The secnd way is by cnfusing the sense f time f plants. (加利福尼亚的一位科学家表示，人造光以两种不同但相互关联的方式影响授粉，从而影响水果生产。想象一下，一只飞蛾在夜间飞向一盏灯——第一种方法是误导传粉者。第二种方法是混淆植物的时间感。)”可知，人造光影响植物的授粉和时间感。故选D。
(3)
Antarctica(南极洲)’s melting ice, which has caused glbal sea levels t rise by at least 13.8 millimeters ver the past 40 years, was thught t primarily cme frm the unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet(WAIS). Nw, scientists have fund that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)—cnsidered largely unaffected by climate change—may als be melting at an unexpectedly rapid speed.
The WAIS, whse base is belw sea level, has lng been cnsidered the mst likely t break dwn. Besides gravity, a deep current f warm water slips beneath the sheet, melting it frm belw until it becmes a flating shelf at risk f breaking away. In cntrast, extreme cld and a base mstly abve sea level are thught t keep the EAIS relatively safe frm warm waters.
But as greenhuse gases warm much f the planet, driving strnger plar winds, sme scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start t invade East Antarctica’s nce unassailable ice. A cperatin f mre than 60 scientists last year, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS actually added abut 5 billin tns f ice each year frm 1992 t 2017.
Eric Rignt f the University f Califrnia, Irvine, and clleagues cmbined 40 years f satellite imagery and climate mdeling and fund that verall Antarctica nw sends six times mre ice int the sea each year than it did in 1979, with the majrity cming frm West Antarctica. But East Antarctica was respnsible fr mre than 30% f Antarctica’s cntributin t the 13.8-millimeter sea level rise ver the past 40 years. “The mre we lk at this system the mre we realize this is fragile,” Rignt says. “Once these glaciers becme unstable there is n red buttn t press t stp it.”
Rignt hpes the study brings greater attentin t a part f Antarctica that has traditinally been understudied. Helen Fricker, a glacilgist (冰川学家) in Califrnia, agrees. “We need t mnitr the entire Antarctica and we just can’t d that withut internatinal cperatin.”
29. What is the new finding f scientists?
A. The east Antarctica is lsing ice at an increasing rate.
B. The west Antarctica is melting six times faster than in 1979.
C. 5 billin tns f ice is added t Antarctica each year.
D. The sea level has risen by 13.8 mm ver the past 40 years.
30. Which factr leads t the EAIS’s melting fast?
A. A base mstly ver sea level.B. The frce f gravity.
C. The invasin f a warm current.D. Extremely lw temperature.
31. Which f the fllwing best explains “unassailable” underlined in Para. 3 ?
A. Fragile.B. Unattackable.
C. Mild.D. Unstable.
32. Which way des Helen Fricker specially advcate?
A. Satellite imagery.B. Glbal mnitring.
C. Wrldwide climate mdeling.D. Wrldwide cmbined effrts.
【答案】29. A 30. C 31. B 32. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现南极东部的冰层正在以出人意料的速度融化，其中一个因素就是海洋暖流的入侵，科学家主张通过国际合作来监测南极洲。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nw, scientists have fund that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)—cnsidered largely unaffected by climate change—may als be melting at an unexpectedly rapid speed.”可知，科学家发现南极东部的冰层正在以出人意料的速度融化，故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“sme scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start t invade East Antarctica’s nce unassailable ice.”可知，科学家认为海洋环流携带的温暖的海水入侵南极东部的冰层导致其加速融化，故选C。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“A cperatin f mre than 60 scientists last year, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS actually added abut 5 billin tns f ice each year frm 1992 t 2017.”可知，1992年到2017年，南极东部的冰层每年增加50亿吨冰，按照常理推断体积如此庞大的冰层是坚不可摧的，由此可知画线词词义为“坚不可摧的”，故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We need t mnitr the entire Antarctica and we just can’t d that withut internatinal cperatin.”可知，Helen Fricker认为我们需要监测南极洲，没有国际合作我们无法做到这一点，由此可知，Helen Fricker主张通过全世界共同的努力来监测南极洲，故选D。
(4)
When yu’re giving a speech, there isn’t a ne-stp-shp apprach that will address every individual. _____33_____ These requirements need t be cnsidered when planning yur speech.
___34___ Larger audiences ften have little r n audience participatin, s yur tne and bdy language are mre imprtant than ever. Maintaining eye cntact with as many individuals is necessary t keep them engaged. Fr smaller audiences, they ften have mre pprtunities t be cnversatinal and relaxed. This means yu’ll need t prepare enugh material t fill the time slt and allw fr questins r cmments thrughut. Meanwhile, yu still need t deliver yur message in the time yu have.
Keep it in mind that yu naturally have different types f peple in the audience. _______35_______ Generally, there are 4 different ways peple learn: visual, auditry, reading and writing and kinaesthetic (动觉的). Including these elements f each learning style in yur speech will help engage mre f yur audience.
Cnsider whether yu are addressing ther experts in the same field r beginners with limited knwledge arund the tpic. _____36_____ The mst effective way t d this is t create tw versins f yur speech that have different cntents entirely.
N matter hw much yu prepare and adapt yur cntent fr wh yu’ll be talking t, yu may find yu are lsing audience engagement. It’s imprtant that yu read and act n these signals which can be anything frm lack f eye cntact, yawning r yur listener being n their phne. ___37___
A. Adapt yur speech based n yur audience size.
B. Adjust yur apprach t get back their attentin.
C. It can assist in cnnecting with different audiences.
D They learn and take in infrmatin in different ways.
E. Adjust yur speech t target these tw types f audience.
F. Take time t bserve and lk ut fr the reactins in the crwd.
G. Audiences have different requirements when receiving infrmatin.
【答案】33. G 34. A 35. D 36. E 37. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种在演讲时针对观众情况应该注意的几个问题。
【33题详解】
根据前文“When yu’re giving a speech, there isn’t a ne-stp-shp apprach that will address every individual.（当你在演讲时，没有一个一站式的方法可以解决每个人的问题。）”和下文“These requirements need t be cnsidered when planning yur speech.（在规划演讲时需要考虑这些要求。）”可知，在演讲时会遇到各种听众，这些听众会有不同的要求。G项“听众在接受信息时有不同的需求。”符合语境，下文的these requirements呼应选项中的different requirements。故选G。
【34题详解】
设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Larger audiences ften have little r n audience participatin, s yur tne and bdy language are mre imprtant than ever. Maintaining eye cntact with as many individuals is necessary t keep them engaged. Fr smaller audiences, they ften have mre pprtunities t be cnversatinal and relaxed. This means yu’ll need t prepare enugh material t fill the time slt and allw fr questins r cmments thrughut.（更大的观众群体通常很少或根本没有观众参与度，所以你的语气和肢体语言比以往任何时候都更重要。与尽可能多的人保持眼神交流是保持他们参与的必要条件。对于较小的观众群体，他们通常有更多的机会进行交谈和放松。这意味着您需要准备足够的材料来填补时间段，并考虑到贯穿始终的问题或意见。）”可知，应该根据观众人数的多少调整演讲。A项“根据你的听众人数调整你的演讲。”可以作为本段主旨句。故选A。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Keep it in mind that yu naturally have different types f peple in the audience.（记住，观众中自然有不同类型的人。）”和下文“Generally, there are 4 different ways peple learn: visual, auditry, reading and writing and kinaesthetic (动觉的).（一般来说，人们有四种不同的学习方式：视觉、听觉、阅读和写作以及动觉。）”可知，观众中有不同类型的人，自然他们的学习和吸收方式就不一样。D项“他们以不同的方式学习和吸收信息。”符合语境，选项里的they指代上文的different types f peple in the audience,且下文对观众的学习方式进行了举例说明。故选D。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Cnsider whether yu are addressing ther experts in the same field r beginners with limited knwledge arund the tpic.（考虑一下你是在向同一领域的其他专家演讲，还是向知识有限的初学者演讲。）”可知，针对不同的人有不同演技方式或内容。E项“调整你的演讲以针对这两类听众。”符合语境，选项中的两类观众指的就是上文提到的专家和初学者。故选E。
【37题详解】
根据上文“N matter hw much yu prepare and adapt yur cntent fr wh yu’ll be talking t, yu may find yu are lsing audience engagement. It’s imprtant that yu read and act n these signals which can be anything frm lack f eye cntact, yawning r yur listener being n their phne.（无论你准备了多少内容并对内容进行了调整，以适应你交谈的对象，你可能会发现你正在失去观众的参与度。重要的是，你要读懂这些信号，并根据这些信号采取行动，这些信号可以是缺乏眼神交流、打哈欠或你的听众正在打电话。）”可知，观众会对演讲内容失去兴趣，因此演讲者要调整方法重新引起他们的注意。B项“调整你的方法以重新引起他们的注意。”符合语境。故选B。
(5)
Unsurprisingly, peple wh are very busy als tend t be very successful and knwledgeable, s it’s in yur interest t befriend with them. But hw d yu talk t such busy peple in rder t make friends with them? ____38____ the same rules apply. Hwever, there are a few specific rules fr talking with busy peple in particular.
Remember that even busy peple are scial creatures. That peple are busy desn’t mean they dn’t want t chat with thers r they dn’t enjy it. ____39____ Busy peple can be very scial and friendly. Like anyne else, they have a deep-seated need t scialize and make friends.
___40___ They knw they’re capable and in demand, but it desn’t mean they expect thers t prve themselves t them. The best use f yur time talking with busy peple is nt in trying t impress them. Fcus n making a cnversatin and creating a cnnectin, nt n prving yurself.
Spend mre time in their field. When dealing with busy peple, since their time is in high demand, yur favrite tpics take a slight backseat t theirs. It usually makes sense t make sure they find the tpics yu talk abut meaningful. ___41___
Get t the pint. ____42____ Their time is highly valuable. S they dn’t need yu t sugar cat yur messages that much, they just want yu t say what yu have t say.
A. Dn’t try t prve yurself.
B. Dn’t hesitate t change yur plans.
C. They just dn’t have that much time fr it.
D. It’s cmfrtable fr them t chat with peple wh they like.
E. Mstly, talking t busy peple is the same as talking t any thers.
F. Once yu’ve fund a tpic they enjy talking abut, yu shuld explre that tpic.
G. Busy peple have little patience fr cmmunicatrs wh beat arund the bush.
【答案】38. E 39. C 40. A 41. F 42. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文作者针对如何与忙碌的人交流这一问题，给出了自己的一些建议。
【38题详解】
由下文the same rules apply.可知，同样的规则也适用这些忙碌的人。所以选项承接下文。故E选项“大多数情况下，和忙碌的人交谈与和其他人交谈是一样的”切题。故选E。
【39题详解】
由前文 That peple are busy desn’t mean they dn’t want t chat with thers r they dn’t enjy it.可知，人们很忙并不意味着他们不想和别人聊天或者他们不喜欢聊天。所以选项解释上文。故C选项“他们只是没有那么多时间”切题。选C。
【40题详解】
由下文They knw they’re capable and in demand, but it desn’t mean they expect thers t prve themselves t them. 可知，他们知道自己有能力，有需要，但这并不意味着他们期待别人向他们证明自己。所以本段主要在说不要试图证明你自己也就是选项所要说明的内容。故A选项“不要试图证明你自己”切题。故选A。
【41题详解】
由前文It usually makes sense t make sure they find the tpics yu talk abut meaningful.可知，确保他们觉得你谈论的话题有意义通常是有意义的。所以这里提到了话题的选择问题，故F选项“一旦你找到一个他们喜欢谈论的话题，你应该探索那个话题”切题。故选F项。
【42题详解】
由上下文Get t the pint. 和Their time is highly valuable.可知，讲话时言归正传， 他们的时间是非常宝贵的。所以选项承接山下文。故G选项“忙碌的人对拐弯抹角说话的交流者没有耐心”切题。故选G。
第三部分 完型填空(每题 1 分，共 45 分)
(1)
It’s ften recmmended t befriend the enemy, but high schl freshman Xavier Staubs did mre than that. He saved his life.
At a swim meet, the 15-year-ld by rescued a ___43___wh was struggling under water. It ___44___as a regular hme meet. Xavier had just cmpleted his relay. As he was resting, he suddenly nticed a by in an adjining lane was___45___. “I heard peple screaming, and I see him underneath.” Withut___46___, Xavier dived back int the pl and pulled the by ut t safety. ___47___, the by started breathing n his wn.
His___48___actins gt the attentin f Representative Jhn Mlenaar, wh___49___Xavier with a tribute (赞颂) in the Cngressinal Recrd.
At lunchtime, Xavier learned the cngressman was cming t meet him. Mlenaar wanted t ___50___him with a recgnitin that wuld be kept in the Library f Cngress.
“We heard the stry abut what he had dne. The mre I learned abut it, the mre I thught we really wanted t praise what he did,” the Cngressman tld CNN.
“Usually, yu heard bad utcmes and ___51___situatins,” Mlenaar said. “This was such a pwerful ____52____f ne student helping anther____53____the tw bys were cmpetitrs.”
____54____, Xavier’s mther, Jillian Staubs, said she was nt____55____.
She arrived at the meet five minutes after the rescue happened. Smething in her mind tld her that her sn was smehw ____56____.
Staubs said she tries t raise her children like what her grandmther did. And Xavier perfrming such a ____57____act was smething she’s used t hearing abut.
Xavier is nt nly a great swimmer but als a dancer, band member and a straight-A student. And nw, a her.
43. A. classmateB. cmpetitrC. vlunteerD. stranger
44. A. tk ffB. put ffC. mved ffD. started ff
45. A. perfrmingB. cmpetingC. drwningD. training
46. A. dubtB. admissinC. preparatinD. hesitatin
47. A. UnluckilyB. FrtunatelyC. SadlyD. Hnestly
48. A. inspiringB. mvingC. hericD. mdest
49. A. bservedB. respectedC. encuragedD. recgnized
50. A. presentB. reactC. deserveD. judge
51 A. amusingB. upsetC. pleasantD. surprising
52. A. exampleB. incidentC. reliefD. event
53. A. as frB. as thughC. even thughD. nw that
54. A. TherefreB. OtherwiseC. BesidesD. Hwever
55. A. pleasedB. surprisedC. delightedD. puzzled
56. A. invlvedB. threatenedC. influencedD. endangered
57. A. determinedB. generusC. selflessD. devted
【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B 56. A 57. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是15岁男孩Xavier跳进游泳池救人的故事。Xavier不仅是个游泳健将，还是个舞蹈演员，乐队成员，还是个全优生。现在，他成了一位英雄。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次游泳比赛中，这名15岁的男孩救出了一名在水下挣扎的选手。A. classmate同学；B. cmpetitr 竞争者；C. vlunteer志愿者；D. stranger陌生人。根据第1空前后At a swim meet, the 15-year-ld by rescued a ___1___wh was struggling under water.可知，是在游泳比赛中救出了一名“竞争者”。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一开始只是一个普通的家庭聚会。A. tk ff 脱掉，起飞；B. put ff 推迟；C. mved ff 离开；D. started ff出发，开始。根据第2空后as a regular hme meet.可知，这里指的是“刚开始时”。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他休息的时候，他突然注意到隔壁赛道里的一个男孩溺水了。A. perfrming 表演；B. cmpeting竞争；C. drwning淹没；D. training训练。根据第4空后的Xavier dived back int the pl and pulled the by ut t safety.可知，此处指男孩“溺水”。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Xavier毫不犹豫地跳进游泳池，把男孩拉到了安全的地方。A. dubt怀疑；B. admissin 承认；C. preparatin准备；D. hesitatin犹豫。 根据第4空后Xavier dived back int the pl and pulled the by ut t safety.可知，此处指“毫不犹豫”去救男孩。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，男孩开始自己呼吸了。A. Unluckily不幸运地；B. Frtunately幸运地；C. Sadly伤心地；D. Hnestly诚实地。根据第5空后的the by started breathing n his wn.可知，此处指男孩获救了，他很“幸运”。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Xavier的英勇行为引起了众议员Jhn Mlenaar的注意，他在国会记录中向Xavier致敬。 A. inspiring令人受鼓舞的；B. mving令人受感动的；C. heric英雄的；D. mdest谦虚的。根据第6空后actins gt the attentin f Representative Jhn Mlenaar可知，Xavier救人的行为是“英勇的”。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Xavier的英勇行为引起了众议员Jhn Mlenaar的注意，他在国会记录中向Xavier致敬。A. bserved观察；B. respected尊重；C. encuraged鼓励；D. recgnized认识。根据第7空前后actins gt the attentin f Representative Jhn Mlenaar, wh___7___Xavier with a tribute (赞颂) in the Cngressinal Recrd.可知，Xavier的救人行为得到了众议员Jhn Mlenaar的“认可”。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mlenaar想给他一份表彰，并将其保存在国会图书馆。A. present赠送，提出；B. react反应；C. deserve应受；D. judge判断。根据第8空后的him with a recgnitin that wuld be kept in the Library f Cngress.可知，Mlenaar“提出” 对Xavier表彰。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mlenaar说:“通常情况下，你会听到糟糕的结果和令人沮丧的情况。 A. amusing引人发笑的；B. upset心烦的；C. pleasant令人愉快的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据第9空前的heard bad utcmes可知，此处指“心烦的”境况。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一个如此有力的例子，尽管两个男孩是竞争对手，但一个学生帮助另一个学生。”A. example例子；B. incident事件；C. relief救济，减轻；D. event活动。根据第10空后的f ne student helping anther___11___the tw bys were cmpetitrs.可知，这是学生互相帮助的“例子”。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查状语从句连接词。句意：“这是一个如此有力的例子，尽管两个男孩是竞争对手，但一个学生帮助另一个学生。”A. as fr至于；B. as thugh 好像；C. even thugh即使，尽管；D. nw that既然。根据第11空前后ne student helping anther和the tw bys were cmpetitrs.可知，此处是一种转折关系，是even thugh引导的让步状语从句。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Xavier的母亲Jillian Staubs说她并不感到惊讶。 A. Therefre因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Besides另外；D. Hwever然而。根据下文Staubs said she tries t raise her children like what her grandmther did.可知，Staubs对儿子的行为并不感到惊讶，所以前后是一种转折关系。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Xavier的母亲Jillian Staubs说她并不感到惊讶。A. pleased感到高兴的；B. surprised感到惊讶的；C. delighted高兴的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据下文Staubs said she tries t raise her children like what her grandmther did.可知，Staubs对儿子的行为并不“感到惊讶”。故选B。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她心里觉得她儿子与此事有某种关系。A. invlved 涉及；B. threatened威胁；C. influenced影响；D. endangered危及。根据第14空前She arrived at the meet five minutes after the rescue happened. Smething in her mind tld her that her sn was smehw可知，Staubs觉得此事与儿子“有关”。故选A。
【57题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Xavier这种无私的行为她已经听过很多了。A. determined坚决的；B. generus慷慨的；C. selfless无私的；D. devted献身的。根据第15空前后Xavier perfrming such a ___15___act was smething she’s used t hearing abut可知，此处指Xavier有过很多次“无私的”行为。故选C。
(2)
When my sister Diane began playing the vilin, she was seven. Hw did she sund? Terrible. But she didn’t ____58____. At twelve, she asked ur parents if she culd attend a full time music schl. They said n. Actually, everyne agreed that my sister ____59____ talent.
I was better at my ____60____ . My teacher had tld my parents that I had great ____61____ . S my parents fund the best pian teacher in the area t ___62___ me. But the nly time he was ____63____ was Saturday afternns at 3 pm. Back then, I was crazy abut the British TV shw The Avengers, which was ___64___ every Saturday at 3 pm. I let nthing take up my Avengers hur. S I ____65____ this amazing pprtunity. Tday, I dn’t even have a pian in my huse.
My sister became an engineer, but she ____66____ stpped making music. When she was in her frties, she switched _____67_____ . She went back t cllege, gt a _____68_____ in music educatin, and became a music teacher. She starts kids ff n their first instrument and gives them all the encuragement and supprt she never _____69_____ .
Recently, she and a pianist pal put n a recital. A big crwd f friends and family _____70_____ fr her. As she played, I lked arund at the audience. Everyne was _____71_____ enjying the music. It ccurred t me that I was the nly persn wh remembered that 7 year ld kid making thse perfectly _____72_____ sunds and knew hw far she had cme, despite everything.
Talent is imprtant. But enthusiasm is even mre imprtant.
58. A. admitB. advanceC. quitD. imprve
59. A. admiredB. lackedC. hadD. enriched
60. A. majrB. prjectC. cmpsitinD. instrument
61. A. ambitinB. patienceC. enthusiasmD. ptential
62. A. examineB. trainC. crrectD. challenge
63. A. availableB. punctualC. crazyD. particular
64. A. airedB. filmedC. designedD. cmmented
65. A. tk verB. picked utC. waited frD. turned dwn
66. A. alreadyB. evenC. neverD. nce
67. A. attitudesB. careersC. plansD. psitins
68. A. degreeB. chanceC. schlarshipD. spnsr
69. A. expectedB. prvidedC. imaginedD. received
70. A. paid ffB. shwed ffC. stayed upD. turned up
71. A. apprpriatelyB. anxiuslyC. bviuslyD. desperately
72. A. sweetB. awfulC. pwerfulD. unique
【答案】58. C 59. B 60. D 61. D 62. B 63. A 64. A 65. D 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. D 70. D 71. C 72. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者妹妹从开始学习小提琴到最终成为音乐老师的过程，告诉读者热情和坚持比天赋更重要。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她没有放弃。A. admit承认；B. advance前进；C. quit停止；D. imprve提高。根据下文“At twelve, she asked ur parents if she culd attend a full time music schl.”可知，虽然我的妹妹不擅长弹奏乐器，但是她从未放弃，在12岁时，她再次提出学习音乐。故选C。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，每个人都认为我妹妹缺乏天赋。A. admired钦佩；B. lacked缺少；C. had有；D. enriched使富足、使丰富。根据上文“When my sister Diane began playing the vilin, she was seven. Hw did she sund? Terrible.”可知，人们在听完妹妹演奏小提琴后都认为妹妹缺乏天赋。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我更擅长演奏乐器。A. majr主修；B. prject项目；C. cmpsitin成分、作文；D. instrument仪器、乐器。根据上文可知，作者的妹妹不擅长音乐；再根据下文“S my parents fund the best pian teacher in the area t ___5___ me.”可知，作者更擅长演奏乐器，所以作者的父母为作者找了钢琴老师。故选D。
【61题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的老师曾告诉我父母，我很有潜力。A. ambitin野心、志向；B. patience耐心；C. enthusiasm热情；D. ptential潜力。根据上文可知，作者更加擅长演奏乐器；而根据下文“S my parents fund the best pian teacher in the area t ___5___ me.”可推测，老师认为作者很有潜力。故选D。
【62题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，父母为我找到了当地最好的钢琴老师来训练我。A. examine检查；B. train训练；C. crrect纠正；D. challenge挑战。根据空前“the best pian teacher in the area”以及上文老师认为作者有潜力可推测，作者的父母为作者找到了一名很好的钢琴老师来训练作者。故选B。
【63题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他唯一有空的时间是每周六下午3点。A. available可利用的、可得到的、有空的；B. punctual准时的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. particular特别的、特殊的。根据下文“I let nthing take up my Avengers hur. S I ____8____ this amazing pprtunity.”可推测，这位老师只有每周六下午3点有空训练作者。故选A。
【64题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时，我疯狂地迷上了英国电视剧《复仇者》，它每周六下午3点播出。A. aired晾干、广播；B. filmed把……拍成电影；C. designed设计；D. cmmented评论。根据下文“I let nthing take up my Avengers hur. S I ____8____ this amazing pprtunity.”可推测，这部电视剧是在每周六下午3点播出。故选A。
【65题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所以我拒绝了这次绝佳的机会。A. tk ver接管；B. picked ut辨认出；C. waited fr等待；D. turned dwn调低、拒绝。根据上文“Back then, I was crazy abut the British TV shw The Avengers, which was ___7___ every Saturday at 3 pm. I let nthing take up my Avengers hur.”可知，作者非常喜欢这部电视剧，所以作者不想任何事情占用自己看《复仇者》的时间。由此可推测，她放弃了学习的机会。故选D。
【66题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我妹妹成了一名工程师，但她从未停止过创作音乐。A. already已经；B. even甚至；C. never绝不；D. nce曾经。根据下文“She went back t cllege, gt a ____11____ in music educatin, and became a music teacher.”可推测，作者的妹妹从未停止过创作音乐。故选C。
【67题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：四十多岁时，她转行了。A. attitudes态度；B. careers职业；C. plans计划；D. psitins位置、职位。根据下文可知，作者的妹妹成为了一名音乐老师，由此可知，她转行了。故选B。
【68题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她重返大学，获得了音乐教育学位，成为了一名音乐老师。A. degree学位、程度、度数；B. chance机会；C. schlarship奖学金、学问；D. spnsr赞助者。根据下文“became a music teacher”可知，作者的妹妹回到大学获得了音乐教育学位，并成为了一名音乐老师。故选A。
【69题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她让孩子们开始学习他们的第一种乐器，并给予他们她从未得到过的所有鼓励和支持。A. expected期待；B. prvided提供；C. imagined想象；D. received收到。根据上文“At twelve, she asked ur parents if she culd attend a full time music schl. They said n. Actually, everyne agreed that my sister ____2____ talent.”可知，作者的妹妹从未得到过鼓励和家人的支持。故选D。
【70题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一大群朋友和家人都来为她捧场。A. paid ff偿清、取得回报；B. shwed ff炫耀；C. stayed up熬夜；D. turned up调高、出现。根据下文“As she played, I lked arund at the audience. Everyne was ____14____ enjying the music.”可知，她举办音乐会的时候，朋友家人是现身为她捧场。故选D。
【71题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，每个人都很享受这场音乐。A. apprpriately恰当地；B. anxiusly焦急地、焦虑地；C. bviusly显而易见；D. desperately拼命地、绝望地、极严重地。根据上文“As she played, I lked arund at the audience.”可知，作者观察了观众的反应之后，发现人们很享受音乐。这是显而易见可以被看出来的。故选C。
【72题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我是唯一一个记得那个七岁的小孩演奏出那些完全糟糕的声音的人，我也知道她一路走来经历了多少艰辛。A. sweet甜美的；B. awful糟糕的；C. pwerful强有力的；D. unique独特的。根据上文“When my sister Diane began playing the vilin, she was seven. Hw did she sund? Terrible.”可知，空处指的是妹妹7岁演奏小提琴时发出的糟糕的声音。故选B。
(3)
There nce was an rdinary street in the suburbs where n ne cared much fr their gardens. The lawns were vergrwn, the weeds were _____73_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed t be cut back. It lked very _____74_____. But when the neighbrs saw their _____75_____, they just lked at each ther and laughed.
It seemed t hard t _____76_____ all the gardens and n ne culd be bthered t make them better because everyne's garden was _____77_____ terrible. N ne felt it was urgent t _____78_____ anything. Then a gardener named Bill mved in. Bill was a _____79_____, hard-wrking and patient man wh started wrking in the garden as sn as he _____80_____ in the street. He tk his lawn mwer (割草机) ut t cut back the grass and pulled ut all f the weeds. Finally, he tk up his gardening and started _____81_____ his hedges, making them lk like flwers, plants, stnes, balls, etc.
Attracted by the ______82______, the neighbrs walked by and admired the newly manicured (修整的) garden. Over sme time, smething interesting happened. One by ne, the neighbrs started t put in mre ______83______ in their wn gardens and the sunds f lawn mwers culd be heard again. After a few mnths, the street was ______84______ frm a dirty, unappealing cllectin f huses t a beautiful avenue that wuldn't be ut f place in a stylish magazine.
One persn's actin shwed everyne what culd be achieved with a little ______85______ wrk. It's easy fr us t ______86______ the envirnment arund us because n ne else cares abut it. Remember what yu psitively d nt nly ______87______ yurself, but als results in a change t the whle wrld.
73. A. taking verB. dying utC. givingD. falling ff
74. A. tidyB. delicateC. familiarD. awful
75. A. gardensB. drsC. rfsD. farms
76. A. purchaseB. guardC. clearD. build
77. A. scarcelyB. invisiblyC. slightlyD. equally
78. A. keepB. changeC. reachD. defeat
79. A. prudB. casualC. neatD. selfless
80. A. settledB. steppedC. perfrmedD. std
81. A. plantingB. pickingC. wateringD. shaping
82. A. ffice clerkB. fashin designerC. landscape gardenerD. street cleaner
83. A. furnitureB. staffC. effrtD. heat
84. A. transfrmedB. mvedC. enlargedD. passed
85. A. mentalB. hardC. crprateD. ptinal
86. A. bserveB. mindC. verlkD. pllute
87. A. trapsB. benefitsC. defendsD. admires
【答案】73. A 74. D 75. A 76. C 77. D 78. B 79. C 80. A 81. D 82. C 83. C 84. A 85. B 86. C 87. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过讲述一条街的邻居在比尔的影响下开始清理自己的花园，让周围环境更美的故事，告诉读者一个人的行为可以向人们展示只需要一点点努力就可以做出改变。
【73题详解】
考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：草坪杂草丛生，杂草占据了花园，树篱迫切地需要修剪。A. taking ver接管，接收； B. dying ut灭绝；C. giving给；D. falling ff跌落，下降。根据上文的“The lawns were vergrwn”可知，此处指杂草接管了花园，即“占据”。故选A。
【74题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它看起来非常糟糕。A. tidy整洁的；B. delicate精美的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. awful糟糕的。根据上文的“The lawns were vergrwn, the weeds were _____1_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed t be cut back.”可知，这里的花园杂草丛生，看起来非常糟糕。故选D。
【75题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当邻居看着他们的花园时，他们只是相视而笑。A. gardens花园；B. drs门；C. rfs屋顶；D. farms农场。根据上文的“There nce was an rdinary street in the suburbs where n ne cared much fr their gardens.”可知，此处是指花园。故选A。
【76题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：要把所有这些花园清理干净似乎不容易，大家都懒得去收拾，因为所有人的花园都一样糟糕。A. purchase购买；B. guard守卫；C. clear清理；D. build建造。根据下文的“t make them better”可知，此处是指清理这些花园。故选C。
【77题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：要把所有这些花园清理干净似乎不容易，大家都懒得去收拾，因为所有人的花园都一样糟糕。A. scarcely几乎不；B. invisibly看不见地；C. slightly稍微地；D. equally相同的。根据上文的“where n ne cared much fr their gardens.”可知，这条街上人们的花园都同样糟糕，因为大家都不关心花园。故选D。
【78题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没人觉得迫切需要改变什么。A. keep保持；B. change改变；C. reach到达；D. defeat打败。结合上文提到大家看到杂草丛生的花园都无动于衷、不想清理可知，没人想要做出改变。且下文的“but als results in a change t the whle wrld.”也是提示。故选B。
【79题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比尔是一个整洁、勤劳以及有耐心的人，他到这条街安顿下来就开始在花园里忙碌起来。A. prud骄傲的；B. casual随意的；C. neat整洁的；D. selfless无私的。根据下文的“He tk his lawn mwer (割草机) ut t cut back the grass and pulled ut all f the weeds. ”可知，比尔开始清理花园，由此推知他是一个爱整洁的人。故选C。
【80题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：比尔是一个整洁、勤劳以及有耐心的人，他到这条街安顿下来就开始在花园里忙碌起来。A. settled定居，安顿；B. stepped踏；C. perfrmed表演；D. std站。根据上文的“Then a gardener named Bill mved in.”可知，比尔搬到了这条街，即在这里安顿下来。故选A。
【81题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他开始了园艺，开始给树篱造型，让它们看起来像花、植物、石头、球或者其他。A. planting种植；B. picking摘；C. watering浇水；D. shaping塑造，造型。根据下文的“making them lk like flwers, plants, stnes, balls, etc.”可知，比尔在给树篱造型，让它们看起来更美。故选D。
【82题详解】
考查名词词组辨析。句意：被园林园丁吸引，邻居们专程过来欣赏刚刚休整好的花园。A. ffice clerk办公室职员；B. fashin designer时尚设计师；C. landscape gardener园林园丁；D. street cleaner街道清扫员。根据上文的“he tk up his gardening and started _____9_____ his hedges, making them lk like flwers, plants, stnes, balls, etc.”可推知，比尔是一个园林园丁。故选C。
【83题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：邻居们陆续开始投入更多的精力到自己的花园，割草机的声音又可以被听见了。A. furniture家具；B. staff员工；C. effrt努力，精力；D. heat热量。根据上文的“There nce was an rdinary street in the suburbs where n ne cared much fr their gardens.”可知，从前邻居们对自家的花园不管不顾，但现在在比尔的影响下开始把更多的精力投入到其中。故选C。
【84题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，这条街从一堆肮脏、毫无吸引力的房子变成了一条在时尚杂志上都不会显得格格不入的街道。A. transfrmed改变；B. mved搬动；C. enlarged扩大；D. passed经过。结合上文可知，现在这条街的人都格外关注自己的花园，由此推知这条街发生了变化，即被改变了。故选A。
【85题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个人的行为向所有人展示了只需要一点努力就可以取得成就。A. mental精神上的；B. hard努力的；C. crprate合作的；D. ptinal选择的。根据上文的“One by ne, the neighbrs started t put in mre _____11_____ in their wn gardens and the sunds f lawn mwers culd be heard again.”可知，只要每个人都付出一点努力，结果就会大不相同。故选B。
【86题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们很容易忽略我们的周围的环境，因为没有其他人在乎它。A. bserve观察；B. mind介意；C. verlk忽略；D. pllute污染。根据上文的“The lawns were vergrwn, the weeds were _____1_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed t be cut back.”和“But when the neighbrs saw their _____3_____, they just lked at each ther and laughed.”可知，人们很容易忽略周围的环境，因为大家都不关注。故选C。
【87题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：记住：你积极从事的事情不仅对你有益，还可以给整个世界带来变化。A. traps困住；B. benefits对……有益；C. defends保卫，守卫；D. admires钦佩，羡慕。结合上文故事可知，比尔清理花园的行为不仅对自己有好处，还带动整条街的邻居改变周围的环境。故选B。
第四部分 语篇填空(每题 1.5 分，共 30 分)
(1)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
April 24th marked the 50th anniversary f Earth Day, the creatin f ___88___ is cnsidered as the beginning f the mdern envirnmental mvement by the ___89___ (majr) f peple.
Many peple cntinue t stay at hme during the recent mnths. As a result, peple are making less pllutin, and the air has becme ___90___ (clean).
Smg stpped ___91___ (cver) New Delhi, ne f the wrld’s mst ___92___ ( pllute) cities. Nitrgen dixide pllutin in___93___ nrtheastern f the United States ___94___ (drp) by 30 percent up till nw. Stars seem mre visible at night.
Researchers have been bserving sharp drps in traditinal air pllutants (污染物), such as nitrgen dixide, smg and tiny particles. These kinds f pllutants kill up t 7 millin peple a year wrldwide.
“Human activity usually makes it difficult fr sea turtles ___95___ (leave) their eggs n sandy castlines. Nesting turtles need t be undisturbed. After they cme ut f their eggs, baby turtles might have difficulty finding their way t the water because f bright lights. But ___96___ the lights mstly ff and peple staying at hme, the sea turtle nesting ____97____ (seem) much better at present,” Gdfrey said.
“There’s still a hpe left fr wildlife,” Gdfrey said.
【答案】88. which
89. majrity
90. cleaner
91. cvering
92. plluted
93. the 94. has drpped
95. t leave
96. with 97. seems
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是关于地球日的一些事情，包括人们在地球日里常做的活动以及设立地球日在保护自然环境和生态以及减少污染方面的重大意义等。
【88题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：4月24日是地球日50周年纪念日，地球日的创立被大多数人认为是现代环保运动的开始。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，空格位于介词f后面，指代“Earth Day”，是物，介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which。故填which。
【89题详解】
考查名词。句意：4月24日是地球日50周年纪念日，地球日的创立被大多数人认为是现代环保运动的开始。空格前为定冠词，空格后为介词f，可推断空格应填名词；且the majrity f+可数名词复数形式，意为“大多数……”，是固定搭配。故填majrity。
【90题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：因此，人们制造的污染更少了，空气变得更干净了。空格前为系动词has becme(已经变得），空格后为句号，结合句子前半部分提及“人们产生更少的污染”，提示句子涉及比较级，应用形容词比较级cleaner（更干净的）修饰主语the air(空气）。故填cleaner。
【91题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：雾霾停止笼罩新德里。stp ding sth意为“停止做某事”，此处应用动名词cvering（覆盖），表示“新德里不再被雾霾笼罩”。故填cvering。
【92题详解】
考查形容词。句意：世界上污染最严重的城市之一。ne f the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式，意为“最……的……之一”，故此处应填plluted（受污染的），且“mst plluted”为形容词最高级形式，符合题意。故填plluted。
【93题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：到目前为止，美国东北部的二氧化氮污染已经下降了30%。in the nrtheastern part f意为“在……的东北部”，是固定搭配，可知此处缺少定冠词the。故填the。
【94题详解】
考查时态。句意：到目前为止，美国东北部的二氧化氮污染已经下降了30%。空格前为主语Nitrgen States（美国东北部地区的二氧化氮），是第三人称单数，空格后为介词by，推断空格为谓语动词，结合up till nw（到现在为止），提示句子时态为现在完成时。故填has drpped。
【95题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：人类活动通常会使海龟难以在沙滩上产卵。分析句子结构可知，此处为sth. make(s) it difficult fr sb. t d sth.（某事让做某事对于某人来说是困难的），在此结构中，it作形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。故填t leave。
【96题详解】
考查介词。句意：但是随着大部分灯关了以及人们留在家里，现在海龟筑巢区域看起来好多了。分析句子结构可知，此处应用with引导伴随状语。表示“随着……”。故填with。
【97题详解】
考查时态。句意：但是随着大部分灯关了以及人们留在家里，现在海龟筑巢区域看起来好多了。空格前为主语the sea turtle nesting(海龟筑巢），是第三人称单数，空格后为表语much better(好多了），修饰主语，推断空格为系动词，结合at present（现在），提示句子时态为一般现在时，应用seems，意为“看起来”。故填seems。
【点睛】“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whm(指人) ，即：介词+which/whm。当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。
(2)
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Our grandparents seems t have magic pwers smetimes. Give them a Chinese lunar calendar___98___they will knw what the weather will be like days r even mnths later.
What's the secret? They are fllwing the 24 Slar Terms (节气), ___99___were added n Nv. 30 t the list f Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity (人类非物资文化遗产) by the United Natins (UN). It is a knwledge system and scial practice___100___(frm) thrugh peple's bservatins f the sun's annual mvements and its influence n the climate.
The 24 Slar Terms___101___(cme) int being during the Qin and Han___102___ (dynasty). At that time, mst Chinese peple made their living n farms, s weather changes were___103___(extreme) imprtant fr them. But f curse, they had n satellite, internet r weather bradcast___104___(help) them.___105___these difficulties, they managed t wrk ut 24 Slar Terms by studying the sun's mvement and als___106___(pay) attentin t ther natural changes such as air temperature, water and crp grwth.
It is hnred as China's____107____(five) great inventin, after papermaking, printing, the cmpass and gunpwder. Nw, it is still widely used in daily life even in the age f technlgy-based mdern farming.
【答案】98. and
99. which 100. frmed
101. came 102. dynasties
103. extremely
104. t_help
105. Despite
106. paying
107. fifth
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍中国的24节气被增加到人类非物资文化遗产的名录中，介绍24节气的由来和重要性。
【98题详解】
考查连词。句意：给他们一份中国农历，他们就会知道几天甚至几个月后的天气怎么样。分析句子结构可知，此处是祈使句“祈使句＋and/r＋简单句的句型”，前后是顺承关系，应使用连词and。故填and。
【99题详解】
考查定语从句。本句中使用which引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中做主语，修饰the 24 Slar Terms (节气)。故填which。
【100题详解】
考查非谓语动词。此处使用非谓语动词作定语修饰a knwledge system and scial practice，a knwledge system and scial practice和frm是被动关系，应使用过去分词。故填frmed。
【101题详解】
考查时态。这句话的时间是during the Qin and Han，应用一般过去时。故填came。
【102题详解】
考查名词单复数。dynasty是可数名词，因为是秦朝和汉朝，应用复数。故填dynasties。
【103题详解】
考查副词。修饰形容词imprtant，应用副词。故填extremely。
【104题详解】
考查不定式用法。句意：但当然，他们没有卫星、互联网或天气广播来帮助他们。此处不定式用作定语表用途和范围。故填t help。
【105题详解】
考查介词。虽然有这些困难，他们还是成功地制定了24节气。这里需要介词，表示转折的介词是despite意为“尽管……”。故填Despite。
【106题详解】
考查动名词。本句是一个并列结构，此处与动名词短语studying the sun's mvement并列作by的宾语，应用动名词。故填paying。
【107题详解】
考查序数词。句意：它被誉为中国第五大发明。本句中使用序数词做定语，修饰inventin。故填fifth。
1. He’s giving me English lessns in exchange ______________ my teaching him Chinese. （用适当的单词填空）
【答案】fr
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他教我英语，作为我教他中文的交换。结合句意表示“作为交换”可知短语为in exchange fr。故填fr。
2. Filled with __________ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】curisity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这位艺术家充满了好奇心，收拾行囊离开了。作宾语，应用名词curisity，表抽象概念，不可数。故填curisity。
3. Accrding t Prfessr Jhnsn, we dn’t have t read the bk if we dn’t want t, as it is ________ (ptin). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】ptinal
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，我们也不必读，因为它是可选择的。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词ptinal作系动词is的表语，表示“可选择的”。故填ptinal。
4. Once the bk yu’ve requested ______ (deliver) t the nearest stre, they will infrm yu by e-mail, s yu can pick it up.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is delivered
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一旦你要的书被送到最近的书店，他们会通过电子邮件通知你，这样你就可以去取书了。分析句子结构可知，本句是nce引导的条件状语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，所以deliver作从句谓语，主语是bk，两者间是被动关系，用被动语态，主句用的是一般将来时，状语从句中需用一般现在时代替将来时，主语bk为第三人称单数。故填is delivered。
5. He brught us sme nvels, all f ________ are written in English. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他给我们带来了一些小说，都是用英语写的。这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词是 sme nvels，关系代词在从句中作介词 f 的宾语，所以用关系代词which。根据句意，故填which。
6. Fr thse wh can stmach it, wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre________(benefit) fr health than eating first. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】beneficial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：对于那些可以忍受的人来说，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃更有益于健康。系动词be后应用形容词，mre后接形容词原形，benefit的形容词为beneficial，意为“有益的”，作表语。故填beneficial。
7. While ________ (discuss) the design t save the trapped miners, the experts fund it rather practical. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】discussing
【解析】
【详解】考查省略。句意：在讨论拯救被困矿工的设计时，专家们发现它相当实用。while 引导的时间状语从句，当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有 be 动词时，可以省略从句主语和 be 动词，这里完整的句子是 While they were discussing the design t save the trapped miners，省略了 they were。故填discussing。
8. The law ________(date) back t the 17th century is still in use tday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】dating
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这项可以追溯到17世纪的法律至今仍在使用。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作后置定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语the law之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填dating。
9. The students are studying in an atmsphere ________ everyne is friendly. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生们在每个人都很友好的气氛中学习。句中先行词为atmsphere，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。根据句意，故填where。
10. Jhn was studying in his rm ________ he heard smene screaming. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。此处为句型be “正做某事时，突然……”。故填when。
11. Histrical ____ (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.（用单词适当形式填空）
【答案】accuracy
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词histrical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
12. It was nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse_________________we saw Lily in the passenger seat. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到那辆车停在我们家门口，我们才看到莉莉坐在副驾驶座上。根据句意及句子分析可知，把It was和该空去掉，句子结构完整，语义清晰，由此判断此处是强调句型“It is/was +被强调部分+that+句子其它成分”，如果被强调部分是人，可以用wh代替that，这里强调时间状语从句，应用that。故填that。
13. The library is nw a multimedia zne, ________ (lad) with infrmatin in many frmats. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】laded
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：图书馆现在是一个多媒体区，装载着多种格式的信息。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词。名词The library和lad之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填laded。
14. It was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it ________ (take) t get there. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】wuld take
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道到那里需要多长时间。根据句意，主句是过去时态，宾语从句也应使用过去某种时态，结合语境用过去将来时态wuld+动词原形，故填wuld take。
15. We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ________ (ccur) billins f years ag. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】ccurred
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们是进化的产物，而不仅仅是数十亿年前发生的进化。根据时间状语billins f years ag可知，that引导的定语从句应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填ccurred。
16. She aplgised t me and admitted_____ (take) my umbrella by mistake. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】taking##having taken
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她向我道歉，承认误拿了我的雨伞。根据admit ding(承认做过某事）可知，空格处可以填taking；由于take的动作发生在主句aplgised之前，因此还可以用having dne。故填taking/having taken。
17. Wh desn’t lve the name PNUT — shrt ____________ Persnal Ne Urban Transprt? (用适当的词填空)
【答案】fr
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：谁不喜欢PNUT这个名字——Persnal Ne Urban Transprt的缩写？(be) shrt fr意为“是……的缩写”。故填fr。
18. S far, the clsure f the factry ____________ (leave) hundreds f men unemplyed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has left
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，工厂的关闭使数百人失业。根据句中时间状语S far可知，用现在完成时。主语是the clsure f the factry，谓语动词用第三人称单数学生。故填has left。
19. With the Cllege Entrance Examinatin _________(apprach), I strngly recmmend that we shuld value time and study hard t be admitted int key universities. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】appraching
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着高考临近，我强烈建议我们应该珍惜时间，努力学习，考上重点大学。介词with后宾语the Cllege Entrance Examinatin与apprach之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填appraching。
20. Sme were cllecting firewd, while thers were just ___________ (aimless) walking r standing by the rad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】aimlessly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：一些人在捡柴火，而另一些人只是漫无目的地走着或站在路边。修饰动词walk应用副词aimlessly，作状语。故填aimlessly。
第二部分 阅读理解(每题 2.5 分，共 55 分)
(1)
Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have fund a way t make "green" ammnia (氨) frm air, water and renewable electricity. In a paper published in Energy and Envirnmental Science, the authrs say that ammnia synthesis (合成法) was ne f the critical achievements f the 20th century. When used in fusiliers that significantly increase the utput f fd crps, it enabled agriculture t sustain an ever-expanding glbal ppulatin.
But since the beginning f the 1900s when it was first emplyed, prductin f ammnia has been energy intensive- requiring temperatures higher than 400℃ and pressures greater than 200 atm-and all pwered by fssil fuels. Dr. Emma Lvell, a c authr n the paper frm UNSW, says the traditinal way t make ammnia- knwn as the Haber- Bsch prcess- is nly cst-effective when it is prduced n a massive scale due t the huge amunts f energy and expensive materials required and it prduces mre CO2 than any ther chemical-making reactin.
“In additin t the big carbn ftprint left by the Haber Bsch prcess, having t prduce millins f tns f ammnia in centralised lcatins means even mre energy is required t transprt it arund the wrld, nt t mentin the risks that g with string large amunts f it in the ne place,” says Dr. Lvell. “And we saw tragically in Beirut recently hw ptentially dangerus string ammnium nitrate (硝酸盐) can be. ”
Dr. Lvell and her clleagues therefre lked at hw t prduce it cheaply, n a smaller scale and using renewable energy. Their new prductin methd des nt rely n fssil fuel resurces, nr give f CO2.
“And nce it becmes available cmmercially, the technlgy culd be used t prduce ammnia directly n site and n demand- farmers culd even d this n lcatin using ur technlgy t make fertilisers- which means we negate the need fr strage and transprt There's a huge benefit t sciety as well as the health f the planet,”Dr. Lvell says.
21. What d we knw abut the Haver-Bsch prcess?
A. It des harm t the earth.
B. It requires green materials.
C. It uses less energy and is cheap.
D. It transfrms fssil fuels int ammnia.
22. Why is the city Beirut mentined in the text?
A. T remind peple t prtect the envirnment.
B. T give an example f the risk in ammnia strage.
C. T cnvince farmers t transprt ammnia elsewhere.
D. T stress the chice f a prper centralised lcatin.
23. What des the underlined wrd “negate” prbably mean in the last paragraph?
A. Inspect.B. Avid.C. Suit.D. Accept.
24. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T slve a prblem.B. T explain a prcess.
C. T advcate a thery.D. T intrduce a methd.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B 24. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。悉尼新南威尔士大学的化学工程师发现了一种方法，可以从空气、水和可再生电力中制造“绿色”氨，这种新方法的使用对社会和地球的健康都有巨大的好处。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dr. Emma Lvell, a cauthr n the paper frm UNSW, says the traditinal way t make ammnia- knwn as the Haber- Bsch prcess- is nly cst-effective when it is prduced n a massive scale due t the huge amunts f energy and expensive materials required and it prduces mre CO2 than any ther chemical-making reactin.”（新南威尔大学的合著者 Emma Lvell博士说，传统的制造氨的方法——即 Haber- Bsch工艺——只有在大规模生产时才具有成本效益，因为需要大量的能源和昂贵的材料，而且它比其他任何化学制造反应产生更多的二氧化碳。）第三段第一句““In additin t the big carbn ftprint left by the Haber Bsch prcess, having t prduce millins f tns f ammnia in centralised lcatins means even mre energy is required t transprt it arund the wrld, nt t mentin the risks that g with string large amunts f it in the ne place,” says Dr. Lvel”（ Lvel博士说： “除了 Haber- Bsch工艺生产过程留下的大量碳足印，在集中地点生产数百万吨氨意味着需要更多的能源将氨运往全球，更不用说将大量氨存储在一个地方所带来的风险。”）可知，传统的制造氨的方法， Haber- Bsch工艺对地球是有害的。选项A与文意相符，故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“And we saw tragically in Beirut recently hw ptentially dangerus string ammnium nitrate (硝酸盐) can be. ””（最近，我们在贝鲁特悲惨地看到了储存硝酸铵的潜在危险。）可知，此处引用城市Beirut的例子，是举例说明氨储存的风险。选项B与文意一致，故选B。
【23题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“And nce it becmes available cmmercially, the technlgy culd be used t prduce ammnia directly n site and n demand- farmers culd even d this n lcatin using ur technlgy t make fertilisers”（一旦商业化，这项技术就可以直接在现场生产氨，农民甚至可以在现场使用我们的技术生产化肥）可知，使用了这项技术，可以直接在现场生产氨。即这就意味着我们可以避免储存和运输了。“negate”意思是“避免”，选项B符合题意，故选B。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have fund a way t make "green" ammnia (氨) frm air, water and renewable electricity. ”（悉尼新南威尔士大学的化学工程师发现了一种方法，可以从空气、水和可再生电力中制造“绿色”氨），可知本文主要描述了一种可以从空气、水和可再生电力中制造“绿色”氨的新方法。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
(2)
Pllinatin (授粉) is imprtant fr the reprductin f many plants. Sme rely n the wind r water fr pllinatin, but mst depend n animals t serve as the pllinatrs. Insects like bees, mths, and beetles als serve as the pllinatrs, helping with this prcess.
Unfrtunately, the wrldwide spread f light pllutin may be affecting the imprtant interactins (相互作用) between plants and insects, causing bad cnsequences fr bth natural areas and agricultural lands.
A team f scientists in Switzerland recently studied hw the cmplex interactins between plants and pllinatrs were affected by artificial light at night. By setting up several grasslands with LED street lamps, the scientists were able t cmpare the differences.
Fcusing n cabbage thistle, a type f plants, the researchers cunted 62% fewer insect visits t the lit grasslands. They als nted 29% fewer pllinatrs than the nes in the uncntrlled lands, which resulted in 13% fewer fruits n the cabbage thistle plants they were studying.
Based n the fact that there was reduced fruit prductin in the cntrlled lands, the scientists fund that the pllinatrs wh wrked during the day were nt able t make up fr the reduced activity f the pllinatrs at night. Additinally, there seemed t be the ptential fr a very negative effect, because many f the plants sme insects are helping t pllinate are the mst imprtant surces f fd fr them.
Artificial light affects pllinatin, and thus fruit prductin, in tw different, but cnnected ways, accrding t a scientist frm Califrnia. Imagine a mth flying int a light at night — the first way is by misdirecting pllinatrs. The secnd way is by cnfusing the sense f time f plants. Besides, plants and insects respnd t varying wavelengths f light differently. Mre research is needed t understand the cmplex interactins between plants, pllinatrs, and different types f light.
“The annually increasing man made light imprves humans’ life. It causes bad cnsequences fr the envirnment, hwever. We can never base ur life n the lss f the envirnment,” says Knp, lead authr f the study.
25. Accrding t the passage, the first paragraph is used t ________.
A. put frward a prblemB. present backgrund infrmatin
C. infrm the purpse f the studyD. intrduce the subjects t be studied
26. Accrding t the study, the plants under the artificial light ________.
A. stpped bearing fruits in the endB. failed t be pllinated
C. were visited by fewer insectsD. were mre attractive t pllinatrs
27. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 5 refer t?
A. The starvatin f insects.B. The lss f pllinatin.
C. The reduced fruit prductin.D. The death f sme plants.
28. What can we learn frm Paragraph 6?
A. Misdirected insects cnfuse plants’ sense f time.
B. Pllinatin and fruit prductin are related in tw ways.
C. The different effects f varying light n pllinatin are clear.
D. Artificial light affects plants’ pllinatin and sense f time.
【答案】25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了光污染可能影响植物与昆虫间的重要互动，对自然区域和农业土地造成不良后果。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Pllinatin (授粉) is imprtant fr the reprductin f many plants. Sme rely n the wind r water fr pllinatin, but mst depend n animals t serve as the pllinatrs. Insects like bees, mths, and beetles als serve as the pllinatrs, helping with this prcess. (授粉对许多植物的繁殖都很重要。有些依靠风或水授粉，但大多数依靠动物作为传粉者。蜜蜂、飞蛾和甲虫等昆虫也作为传粉者，帮助这一过程。)”介绍的是授粉的相关情况，可知第一段用于介绍背景信息。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Fcusing n cabbage thistle, a type f plants, the researchers cunted 62% fewer insect visits t the lit grasslands. They als nted 29% fewer pllinatrs than the nes in the uncntrlled lands, which resulted in 13% fewer fruits n the cabbage thistle plants they were studying. (以白菜蓟这种植物为研究对象，研究人员发现，在点亮的草原上，昆虫的数量减少了62%。他们还注意到，与未受控制的土地相比，传粉者减少了29%，这导致他们研究的白菜蓟植物的果实减少了13%。)”可知，这项研究表明，在人工光照下的植物访问的昆虫较少。故选C。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第五段“because many f the plants sme insects are helping t pllinate are the mst imprtant surces f fd fr them. (因为对许多植物来说，一些帮助授粉的昆虫是它们最重要的食物来源。)”可知，植物是昆虫的重要的食物来源，所以这里的“消极影响”指的是“昆虫的饥饿”。故选A。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Artificial light affects pllinatin, and thus fruit prductin, in tw different, but cnnected ways, accrding t a scientist frm Califrnia. Imagine a mth flying int a light at night — the first way is by misdirecting pllinatrs. The secnd way is by cnfusing the sense f time f plants. (加利福尼亚的一位科学家表示，人造光以两种不同但相互关联的方式影响授粉，从而影响水果生产。想象一下，一只飞蛾在夜间飞向一盏灯——第一种方法是误导传粉者。第二种方法是混淆植物的时间感。)”可知，人造光影响植物的授粉和时间感。故选D。
(3)
Antarctica(南极洲)’s melting ice, which has caused glbal sea levels t rise by at least 13.8 millimeters ver the past 40 years, was thught t primarily cme frm the unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet(WAIS). Nw, scientists have fund that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)—cnsidered largely unaffected by climate change—may als be melting at an unexpectedly rapid speed.
The WAIS, whse base is belw sea level, has lng been cnsidered the mst likely t break dwn. Besides gravity, a deep current f warm water slips beneath the sheet, melting it frm belw until it becmes a flating shelf at risk f breaking away. In cntrast, extreme cld and a base mstly abve sea level are thught t keep the EAIS relatively safe frm warm waters.
But as greenhuse gases warm much f the planet, driving strnger plar winds, sme scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start t invade East Antarctica’s nce unassailable ice. A cperatin f mre than 60 scientists last year, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS actually added abut 5 billin tns f ice each year frm 1992 t 2017.
Eric Rignt f the University f Califrnia, Irvine, and clleagues cmbined 40 years f satellite imagery and climate mdeling and fund that verall Antarctica nw sends six times mre ice int the sea each year than it did in 1979, with the majrity cming frm West Antarctica. But East Antarctica was respnsible fr mre than 30% f Antarctica’s cntributin t the 13.8-millimeter sea level rise ver the past 40 years. “The mre we lk at this system the mre we realize this is fragile,” Rignt says. “Once these glaciers becme unstable there is n red buttn t press t stp it.”
Rignt hpes the study brings greater attentin t a part f Antarctica that has traditinally been understudied. Helen Fricker, a glacilgist (冰川学家) in Califrnia, agrees. “We need t mnitr the entire Antarctica and we just can’t d that withut internatinal cperatin.”
29. What is the new finding f scientists?
A. The east Antarctica is lsing ice at an increasing rate.
B. The west Antarctica is melting six times faster than in 1979.
C. 5 billin tns f ice is added t Antarctica each year.
D. The sea level has risen by 13.8 mm ver the past 40 years.
30. Which factr leads t the EAIS’s melting fast?
A. A base mstly ver sea level.B. The frce f gravity.
C. The invasin f a warm current.D. Extremely lw temperature.
31. Which f the fllwing best explains “unassailable” underlined in Para. 3 ?
A. Fragile.B. Unattackable.
C. Mild.D. Unstable.
32. Which way des Helen Fricker specially advcate?
A. Satellite imagery.B. Glbal mnitring.
C. Wrldwide climate mdeling.D. Wrldwide cmbined effrts.
【答案】29. A 30. C 31. B 32. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现南极东部的冰层正在以出人意料的速度融化，其中一个因素就是海洋暖流的入侵，科学家主张通过国际合作来监测南极洲。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nw, scientists have fund that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)—cnsidered largely unaffected by climate change—may als be melting at an unexpectedly rapid speed.”可知，科学家发现南极东部的冰层正在以出人意料的速度融化，故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“sme scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start t invade East Antarctica’s nce unassailable ice.”可知，科学家认为海洋环流携带的温暖的海水入侵南极东部的冰层导致其加速融化，故选C。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“A cperatin f mre than 60 scientists last year, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS actually added abut 5 billin tns f ice each year frm 1992 t 2017.”可知，1992年到2017年，南极东部的冰层每年增加50亿吨冰，按照常理推断体积如此庞大的冰层是坚不可摧的，由此可知画线词词义为“坚不可摧的”，故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We need t mnitr the entire Antarctica and we just can’t d that withut internatinal cperatin.”可知，Helen Fricker认为我们需要监测南极洲，没有国际合作我们无法做到这一点，由此可知，Helen Fricker主张通过全世界共同的努力来监测南极洲，故选D。
(4)
When yu’re giving a speech, there isn’t a ne-stp-shp apprach that will address every individual. _____33_____ These requirements need t be cnsidered when planning yur speech.
___34___ Larger audiences ften have little r n audience participatin, s yur tne and bdy language are mre imprtant than ever. Maintaining eye cntact with as many individuals is necessary t keep them engaged. Fr smaller audiences, they ften have mre pprtunities t be cnversatinal and relaxed. This means yu’ll need t prepare enugh material t fill the time slt and allw fr questins r cmments thrughut. Meanwhile, yu still need t deliver yur message in the time yu have.
Keep it in mind that yu naturally have different types f peple in the audience. _______35_______ Generally, there are 4 different ways peple learn: visual, auditry, reading and writing and kinaesthetic (动觉的). Including these elements f each learning style in yur speech will help engage mre f yur audience.
Cnsider whether yu are addressing ther experts in the same field r beginners with limited knwledge arund the tpic. _____36_____ The mst effective way t d this is t create tw versins f yur speech that have different cntents entirely.
N matter hw much yu prepare and adapt yur cntent fr wh yu’ll be talking t, yu may find yu are lsing audience engagement. It’s imprtant that yu read and act n these signals which can be anything frm lack f eye cntact, yawning r yur listener being n their phne. ___37___
A. Adapt yur speech based n yur audience size.
B. Adjust yur apprach t get back their attentin.
C. It can assist in cnnecting with different audiences.
D They learn and take in infrmatin in different ways.
E. Adjust yur speech t target these tw types f audience.
F. Take time t bserve and lk ut fr the reactins in the crwd.
G. Audiences have different requirements when receiving infrmatin.
【答案】33. G 34. A 35. D 36. E 37. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种在演讲时针对观众情况应该注意的几个问题。
【33题详解】
根据前文“When yu’re giving a speech, there isn’t a ne-stp-shp apprach that will address every individual.（当你在演讲时，没有一个一站式的方法可以解决每个人的问题。）”和下文“These requirements need t be cnsidered when planning yur speech.（在规划演讲时需要考虑这些要求。）”可知，在演讲时会遇到各种听众，这些听众会有不同的要求。G项“听众在接受信息时有不同的需求。”符合语境，下文的these requirements呼应选项中的different requirements。故选G。
【34题详解】
设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Larger audiences ften have little r n audience participatin, s yur tne and bdy language are mre imprtant than ever. Maintaining eye cntact with as many individuals is necessary t keep them engaged. Fr smaller audiences, they ften have mre pprtunities t be cnversatinal and relaxed. This means yu’ll need t prepare enugh material t fill the time slt and allw fr questins r cmments thrughut.（更大的观众群体通常很少或根本没有观众参与度，所以你的语气和肢体语言比以往任何时候都更重要。与尽可能多的人保持眼神交流是保持他们参与的必要条件。对于较小的观众群体，他们通常有更多的机会进行交谈和放松。这意味着您需要准备足够的材料来填补时间段，并考虑到贯穿始终的问题或意见。）”可知，应该根据观众人数的多少调整演讲。A项“根据你的听众人数调整你的演讲。”可以作为本段主旨句。故选A。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Keep it in mind that yu naturally have different types f peple in the audience.（记住，观众中自然有不同类型的人。）”和下文“Generally, there are 4 different ways peple learn: visual, auditry, reading and writing and kinaesthetic (动觉的).（一般来说，人们有四种不同的学习方式：视觉、听觉、阅读和写作以及动觉。）”可知，观众中有不同类型的人，自然他们的学习和吸收方式就不一样。D项“他们以不同的方式学习和吸收信息。”符合语境，选项里的they指代上文的different types f peple in the audience,且下文对观众的学习方式进行了举例说明。故选D。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Cnsider whether yu are addressing ther experts in the same field r beginners with limited knwledge arund the tpic.（考虑一下你是在向同一领域的其他专家演讲，还是向知识有限的初学者演讲。）”可知，针对不同的人有不同演技方式或内容。E项“调整你的演讲以针对这两类听众。”符合语境，选项中的两类观众指的就是上文提到的专家和初学者。故选E。
【37题详解】
根据上文“N matter hw much yu prepare and adapt yur cntent fr wh yu’ll be talking t, yu may find yu are lsing audience engagement. It’s imprtant that yu read and act n these signals which can be anything frm lack f eye cntact, yawning r yur listener being n their phne.（无论你准备了多少内容并对内容进行了调整，以适应你交谈的对象，你可能会发现你正在失去观众的参与度。重要的是，你要读懂这些信号，并根据这些信号采取行动，这些信号可以是缺乏眼神交流、打哈欠或你的听众正在打电话。）”可知，观众会对演讲内容失去兴趣，因此演讲者要调整方法重新引起他们的注意。B项“调整你的方法以重新引起他们的注意。”符合语境。故选B。
(5)
Unsurprisingly, peple wh are very busy als tend t be very successful and knwledgeable, s it’s in yur interest t befriend with them. But hw d yu talk t such busy peple in rder t make friends with them? ____38____ the same rules apply. Hwever, there are a few specific rules fr talking with busy peple in particular.
Remember that even busy peple are scial creatures. That peple are busy desn’t mean they dn’t want t chat with thers r they dn’t enjy it. ____39____ Busy peple can be very scial and friendly. Like anyne else, they have a deep-seated need t scialize and make friends.
___40___ They knw they’re capable and in demand, but it desn’t mean they expect thers t prve themselves t them. The best use f yur time talking with busy peple is nt in trying t impress them. Fcus n making a cnversatin and creating a cnnectin, nt n prving yurself.
Spend mre time in their field. When dealing with busy peple, since their time is in high demand, yur favrite tpics take a slight backseat t theirs. It usually makes sense t make sure they find the tpics yu talk abut meaningful. ___41___
Get t the pint. ____42____ Their time is highly valuable. S they dn’t need yu t sugar cat yur messages that much, they just want yu t say what yu have t say.
A. Dn’t try t prve yurself.
B. Dn’t hesitate t change yur plans.
C. They just dn’t have that much time fr it.
D. It’s cmfrtable fr them t chat with peple wh they like.
E. Mstly, talking t busy peple is the same as talking t any thers.
F. Once yu’ve fund a tpic they enjy talking abut, yu shuld explre that tpic.
G. Busy peple have little patience fr cmmunicatrs wh beat arund the bush.
【答案】38. E 39. C 40. A 41. F 42. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文作者针对如何与忙碌的人交流这一问题，给出了自己的一些建议。
【38题详解】
由下文the same rules apply.可知，同样的规则也适用这些忙碌的人。所以选项承接下文。故E选项“大多数情况下，和忙碌的人交谈与和其他人交谈是一样的”切题。故选E。
【39题详解】
由前文 That peple are busy desn’t mean they dn’t want t chat with thers r they dn’t enjy it.可知，人们很忙并不意味着他们不想和别人聊天或者他们不喜欢聊天。所以选项解释上文。故C选项“他们只是没有那么多时间”切题。选C。
【40题详解】
由下文They knw they’re capable and in demand, but it desn’t mean they expect thers t prve themselves t them. 可知，他们知道自己有能力，有需要，但这并不意味着他们期待别人向他们证明自己。所以本段主要在说不要试图证明你自己也就是选项所要说明的内容。故A选项“不要试图证明你自己”切题。故选A。
【41题详解】
由前文It usually makes sense t make sure they find the tpics yu talk abut meaningful.可知，确保他们觉得你谈论的话题有意义通常是有意义的。所以这里提到了话题的选择问题，故F选项“一旦你找到一个他们喜欢谈论的话题，你应该探索那个话题”切题。故选F项。
【42题详解】
由上下文Get t the pint. 和Their time is highly valuable.可知，讲话时言归正传， 他们的时间是非常宝贵的。所以选项承接山下文。故G选项“忙碌的人对拐弯抹角说话的交流者没有耐心”切题。故选G。
第三部分 完型填空(每题 1 分，共 45 分)
(1)
It’s ften recmmended t befriend the enemy, but high schl freshman Xavier Staubs did mre than that. He saved his life.
At a swim meet, the 15-year-ld by rescued a ___43___wh was struggling under water. It ___44___as a regular hme meet. Xavier had just cmpleted his relay. As he was resting, he suddenly nticed a by in an adjining lane was___45___. “I heard peple screaming, and I see him underneath.” Withut___46___, Xavier dived back int the pl and pulled the by ut t safety. ___47___, the by started breathing n his wn.
His___48___actins gt the attentin f Representative Jhn Mlenaar, wh___49___Xavier with a tribute (赞颂) in the Cngressinal Recrd.
At lunchtime, Xavier learned the cngressman was cming t meet him. Mlenaar wanted t ___50___him with a recgnitin that wuld be kept in the Library f Cngress.
“We heard the stry abut what he had dne. The mre I learned abut it, the mre I thught we really wanted t praise what he did,” the Cngressman tld CNN.
“Usually, yu heard bad utcmes and ___51___situatins,” Mlenaar said. “This was such a pwerful ____52____f ne student helping anther____53____the tw bys were cmpetitrs.”
____54____, Xavier’s mther, Jillian Staubs, said she was nt____55____.
She arrived at the meet five minutes after the rescue happened. Smething in her mind tld her that her sn was smehw ____56____.
Staubs said she tries t raise her children like what her grandmther did. And Xavier perfrming such a ____57____act was smething she’s used t hearing abut.
Xavier is nt nly a great swimmer but als a dancer, band member and a straight-A student. And nw, a her.
43. A. classmateB. cmpetitrC. vlunteerD. stranger
44. A. tk ffB. put ffC. mved ffD. started ff
45. A. perfrmingB. cmpetingC. drwningD. training
46. A. dubtB. admissinC. preparatinD. hesitatin
47. A. UnluckilyB. FrtunatelyC. SadlyD. Hnestly
48. A. inspiringB. mvingC. hericD. mdest
49. A. bservedB. respectedC. encuragedD. recgnized
50. A. presentB. reactC. deserveD. judge
51 A. amusingB. upsetC. pleasantD. surprising
52. A. exampleB. incidentC. reliefD. event
53. A. as frB. as thughC. even thughD. nw that
54. A. TherefreB. OtherwiseC. BesidesD. Hwever
55. A. pleasedB. surprisedC. delightedD. puzzled
56. A. invlvedB. threatenedC. influencedD. endangered
57. A. determinedB. generusC. selflessD. devted
【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B 56. A 57. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是15岁男孩Xavier跳进游泳池救人的故事。Xavier不仅是个游泳健将，还是个舞蹈演员，乐队成员，还是个全优生。现在，他成了一位英雄。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次游泳比赛中，这名15岁的男孩救出了一名在水下挣扎的选手。A. classmate同学；B. cmpetitr 竞争者；C. vlunteer志愿者；D. stranger陌生人。根据第1空前后At a swim meet, the 15-year-ld by rescued a ___1___wh was struggling under water.可知，是在游泳比赛中救出了一名“竞争者”。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一开始只是一个普通的家庭聚会。A. tk ff 脱掉，起飞；B. put ff 推迟；C. mved ff 离开；D. started ff出发，开始。根据第2空后as a regular hme meet.可知，这里指的是“刚开始时”。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他休息的时候，他突然注意到隔壁赛道里的一个男孩溺水了。A. perfrming 表演；B. cmpeting竞争；C. drwning淹没；D. training训练。根据第4空后的Xavier dived back int the pl and pulled the by ut t safety.可知，此处指男孩“溺水”。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Xavier毫不犹豫地跳进游泳池，把男孩拉到了安全的地方。A. dubt怀疑；B. admissin 承认；C. preparatin准备；D. hesitatin犹豫。 根据第4空后Xavier dived back int the pl and pulled the by ut t safety.可知，此处指“毫不犹豫”去救男孩。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，男孩开始自己呼吸了。A. Unluckily不幸运地；B. Frtunately幸运地；C. Sadly伤心地；D. Hnestly诚实地。根据第5空后的the by started breathing n his wn.可知，此处指男孩获救了，他很“幸运”。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Xavier的英勇行为引起了众议员Jhn Mlenaar的注意，他在国会记录中向Xavier致敬。 A. inspiring令人受鼓舞的；B. mving令人受感动的；C. heric英雄的；D. mdest谦虚的。根据第6空后actins gt the attentin f Representative Jhn Mlenaar可知，Xavier救人的行为是“英勇的”。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Xavier的英勇行为引起了众议员Jhn Mlenaar的注意，他在国会记录中向Xavier致敬。A. bserved观察；B. respected尊重；C. encuraged鼓励；D. recgnized认识。根据第7空前后actins gt the attentin f Representative Jhn Mlenaar, wh___7___Xavier with a tribute (赞颂) in the Cngressinal Recrd.可知，Xavier的救人行为得到了众议员Jhn Mlenaar的“认可”。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mlenaar想给他一份表彰，并将其保存在国会图书馆。A. present赠送，提出；B. react反应；C. deserve应受；D. judge判断。根据第8空后的him with a recgnitin that wuld be kept in the Library f Cngress.可知，Mlenaar“提出” 对Xavier表彰。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mlenaar说:“通常情况下，你会听到糟糕的结果和令人沮丧的情况。 A. amusing引人发笑的；B. upset心烦的；C. pleasant令人愉快的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据第9空前的heard bad utcmes可知，此处指“心烦的”境况。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一个如此有力的例子，尽管两个男孩是竞争对手，但一个学生帮助另一个学生。”A. example例子；B. incident事件；C. relief救济，减轻；D. event活动。根据第10空后的f ne student helping anther___11___the tw bys were cmpetitrs.可知，这是学生互相帮助的“例子”。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查状语从句连接词。句意：“这是一个如此有力的例子，尽管两个男孩是竞争对手，但一个学生帮助另一个学生。”A. as fr至于；B. as thugh 好像；C. even thugh即使，尽管；D. nw that既然。根据第11空前后ne student helping anther和the tw bys were cmpetitrs.可知，此处是一种转折关系，是even thugh引导的让步状语从句。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Xavier的母亲Jillian Staubs说她并不感到惊讶。 A. Therefre因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Besides另外；D. Hwever然而。根据下文Staubs said she tries t raise her children like what her grandmther did.可知，Staubs对儿子的行为并不感到惊讶，所以前后是一种转折关系。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Xavier的母亲Jillian Staubs说她并不感到惊讶。A. pleased感到高兴的；B. surprised感到惊讶的；C. delighted高兴的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据下文Staubs said she tries t raise her children like what her grandmther did.可知，Staubs对儿子的行为并不“感到惊讶”。故选B。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她心里觉得她儿子与此事有某种关系。A. invlved 涉及；B. threatened威胁；C. influenced影响；D. endangered危及。根据第14空前She arrived at the meet five minutes after the rescue happened. Smething in her mind tld her that her sn was smehw可知，Staubs觉得此事与儿子“有关”。故选A。
【57题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Xavier这种无私的行为她已经听过很多了。A. determined坚决的；B. generus慷慨的；C. selfless无私的；D. devted献身的。根据第15空前后Xavier perfrming such a ___15___act was smething she’s used t hearing abut可知，此处指Xavier有过很多次“无私的”行为。故选C。
(2)
When my sister Diane began playing the vilin, she was seven. Hw did she sund? Terrible. But she didn’t ____58____. At twelve, she asked ur parents if she culd attend a full time music schl. They said n. Actually, everyne agreed that my sister ____59____ talent.
I was better at my ____60____ . My teacher had tld my parents that I had great ____61____ . S my parents fund the best pian teacher in the area t ___62___ me. But the nly time he was ____63____ was Saturday afternns at 3 pm. Back then, I was crazy abut the British TV shw The Avengers, which was ___64___ every Saturday at 3 pm. I let nthing take up my Avengers hur. S I ____65____ this amazing pprtunity. Tday, I dn’t even have a pian in my huse.
My sister became an engineer, but she ____66____ stpped making music. When she was in her frties, she switched _____67_____ . She went back t cllege, gt a _____68_____ in music educatin, and became a music teacher. She starts kids ff n their first instrument and gives them all the encuragement and supprt she never _____69_____ .
Recently, she and a pianist pal put n a recital. A big crwd f friends and family _____70_____ fr her. As she played, I lked arund at the audience. Everyne was _____71_____ enjying the music. It ccurred t me that I was the nly persn wh remembered that 7 year ld kid making thse perfectly _____72_____ sunds and knew hw far she had cme, despite everything.
Talent is imprtant. But enthusiasm is even mre imprtant.
58. A. admitB. advanceC. quitD. imprve
59. A. admiredB. lackedC. hadD. enriched
60. A. majrB. prjectC. cmpsitinD. instrument
61. A. ambitinB. patienceC. enthusiasmD. ptential
62. A. examineB. trainC. crrectD. challenge
63. A. availableB. punctualC. crazyD. particular
64. A. airedB. filmedC. designedD. cmmented
65. A. tk verB. picked utC. waited frD. turned dwn
66. A. alreadyB. evenC. neverD. nce
67. A. attitudesB. careersC. plansD. psitins
68. A. degreeB. chanceC. schlarshipD. spnsr
69. A. expectedB. prvidedC. imaginedD. received
70. A. paid ffB. shwed ffC. stayed upD. turned up
71. A. apprpriatelyB. anxiuslyC. bviuslyD. desperately
72. A. sweetB. awfulC. pwerfulD. unique
【答案】58. C 59. B 60. D 61. D 62. B 63. A 64. A 65. D 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. D 70. D 71. C 72. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者妹妹从开始学习小提琴到最终成为音乐老师的过程，告诉读者热情和坚持比天赋更重要。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她没有放弃。A. admit承认；B. advance前进；C. quit停止；D. imprve提高。根据下文“At twelve, she asked ur parents if she culd attend a full time music schl.”可知，虽然我的妹妹不擅长弹奏乐器，但是她从未放弃，在12岁时，她再次提出学习音乐。故选C。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，每个人都认为我妹妹缺乏天赋。A. admired钦佩；B. lacked缺少；C. had有；D. enriched使富足、使丰富。根据上文“When my sister Diane began playing the vilin, she was seven. Hw did she sund? Terrible.”可知，人们在听完妹妹演奏小提琴后都认为妹妹缺乏天赋。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我更擅长演奏乐器。A. majr主修；B. prject项目；C. cmpsitin成分、作文；D. instrument仪器、乐器。根据上文可知，作者的妹妹不擅长音乐；再根据下文“S my parents fund the best pian teacher in the area t ___5___ me.”可知，作者更擅长演奏乐器，所以作者的父母为作者找了钢琴老师。故选D。
【61题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的老师曾告诉我父母，我很有潜力。A. ambitin野心、志向；B. patience耐心；C. enthusiasm热情；D. ptential潜力。根据上文可知，作者更加擅长演奏乐器；而根据下文“S my parents fund the best pian teacher in the area t ___5___ me.”可推测，老师认为作者很有潜力。故选D。
【62题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，父母为我找到了当地最好的钢琴老师来训练我。A. examine检查；B. train训练；C. crrect纠正；D. challenge挑战。根据空前“the best pian teacher in the area”以及上文老师认为作者有潜力可推测，作者的父母为作者找到了一名很好的钢琴老师来训练作者。故选B。
【63题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他唯一有空的时间是每周六下午3点。A. available可利用的、可得到的、有空的；B. punctual准时的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. particular特别的、特殊的。根据下文“I let nthing take up my Avengers hur. S I ____8____ this amazing pprtunity.”可推测，这位老师只有每周六下午3点有空训练作者。故选A。
【64题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时，我疯狂地迷上了英国电视剧《复仇者》，它每周六下午3点播出。A. aired晾干、广播；B. filmed把……拍成电影；C. designed设计；D. cmmented评论。根据下文“I let nthing take up my Avengers hur. S I ____8____ this amazing pprtunity.”可推测，这部电视剧是在每周六下午3点播出。故选A。
【65题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所以我拒绝了这次绝佳的机会。A. tk ver接管；B. picked ut辨认出；C. waited fr等待；D. turned dwn调低、拒绝。根据上文“Back then, I was crazy abut the British TV shw The Avengers, which was ___7___ every Saturday at 3 pm. I let nthing take up my Avengers hur.”可知，作者非常喜欢这部电视剧，所以作者不想任何事情占用自己看《复仇者》的时间。由此可推测，她放弃了学习的机会。故选D。
【66题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我妹妹成了一名工程师，但她从未停止过创作音乐。A. already已经；B. even甚至；C. never绝不；D. nce曾经。根据下文“She went back t cllege, gt a ____11____ in music educatin, and became a music teacher.”可推测，作者的妹妹从未停止过创作音乐。故选C。
【67题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：四十多岁时，她转行了。A. attitudes态度；B. careers职业；C. plans计划；D. psitins位置、职位。根据下文可知，作者的妹妹成为了一名音乐老师，由此可知，她转行了。故选B。
【68题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她重返大学，获得了音乐教育学位，成为了一名音乐老师。A. degree学位、程度、度数；B. chance机会；C. schlarship奖学金、学问；D. spnsr赞助者。根据下文“became a music teacher”可知，作者的妹妹回到大学获得了音乐教育学位，并成为了一名音乐老师。故选A。
【69题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她让孩子们开始学习他们的第一种乐器，并给予他们她从未得到过的所有鼓励和支持。A. expected期待；B. prvided提供；C. imagined想象；D. received收到。根据上文“At twelve, she asked ur parents if she culd attend a full time music schl. They said n. Actually, everyne agreed that my sister ____2____ talent.”可知，作者的妹妹从未得到过鼓励和家人的支持。故选D。
【70题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一大群朋友和家人都来为她捧场。A. paid ff偿清、取得回报；B. shwed ff炫耀；C. stayed up熬夜；D. turned up调高、出现。根据下文“As she played, I lked arund at the audience. Everyne was ____14____ enjying the music.”可知，她举办音乐会的时候，朋友家人是现身为她捧场。故选D。
【71题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，每个人都很享受这场音乐。A. apprpriately恰当地；B. anxiusly焦急地、焦虑地；C. bviusly显而易见；D. desperately拼命地、绝望地、极严重地。根据上文“As she played, I lked arund at the audience.”可知，作者观察了观众的反应之后，发现人们很享受音乐。这是显而易见可以被看出来的。故选C。
【72题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我是唯一一个记得那个七岁的小孩演奏出那些完全糟糕的声音的人，我也知道她一路走来经历了多少艰辛。A. sweet甜美的；B. awful糟糕的；C. pwerful强有力的；D. unique独特的。根据上文“When my sister Diane began playing the vilin, she was seven. Hw did she sund? Terrible.”可知，空处指的是妹妹7岁演奏小提琴时发出的糟糕的声音。故选B。
(3)
There nce was an rdinary street in the suburbs where n ne cared much fr their gardens. The lawns were vergrwn, the weeds were _____73_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed t be cut back. It lked very _____74_____. But when the neighbrs saw their _____75_____, they just lked at each ther and laughed.
It seemed t hard t _____76_____ all the gardens and n ne culd be bthered t make them better because everyne's garden was _____77_____ terrible. N ne felt it was urgent t _____78_____ anything. Then a gardener named Bill mved in. Bill was a _____79_____, hard-wrking and patient man wh started wrking in the garden as sn as he _____80_____ in the street. He tk his lawn mwer (割草机) ut t cut back the grass and pulled ut all f the weeds. Finally, he tk up his gardening and started _____81_____ his hedges, making them lk like flwers, plants, stnes, balls, etc.
Attracted by the ______82______, the neighbrs walked by and admired the newly manicured (修整的) garden. Over sme time, smething interesting happened. One by ne, the neighbrs started t put in mre ______83______ in their wn gardens and the sunds f lawn mwers culd be heard again. After a few mnths, the street was ______84______ frm a dirty, unappealing cllectin f huses t a beautiful avenue that wuldn't be ut f place in a stylish magazine.
One persn's actin shwed everyne what culd be achieved with a little ______85______ wrk. It's easy fr us t ______86______ the envirnment arund us because n ne else cares abut it. Remember what yu psitively d nt nly ______87______ yurself, but als results in a change t the whle wrld.
73. A. taking verB. dying utC. givingD. falling ff
74. A. tidyB. delicateC. familiarD. awful
75. A. gardensB. drsC. rfsD. farms
76. A. purchaseB. guardC. clearD. build
77. A. scarcelyB. invisiblyC. slightlyD. equally
78. A. keepB. changeC. reachD. defeat
79. A. prudB. casualC. neatD. selfless
80. A. settledB. steppedC. perfrmedD. std
81. A. plantingB. pickingC. wateringD. shaping
82. A. ffice clerkB. fashin designerC. landscape gardenerD. street cleaner
83. A. furnitureB. staffC. effrtD. heat
84. A. transfrmedB. mvedC. enlargedD. passed
85. A. mentalB. hardC. crprateD. ptinal
86. A. bserveB. mindC. verlkD. pllute
87. A. trapsB. benefitsC. defendsD. admires
【答案】73. A 74. D 75. A 76. C 77. D 78. B 79. C 80. A 81. D 82. C 83. C 84. A 85. B 86. C 87. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过讲述一条街的邻居在比尔的影响下开始清理自己的花园，让周围环境更美的故事，告诉读者一个人的行为可以向人们展示只需要一点点努力就可以做出改变。
【73题详解】
考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：草坪杂草丛生，杂草占据了花园，树篱迫切地需要修剪。A. taking ver接管，接收； B. dying ut灭绝；C. giving给；D. falling ff跌落，下降。根据上文的“The lawns were vergrwn”可知，此处指杂草接管了花园，即“占据”。故选A。
【74题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它看起来非常糟糕。A. tidy整洁的；B. delicate精美的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. awful糟糕的。根据上文的“The lawns were vergrwn, the weeds were _____1_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed t be cut back.”可知，这里的花园杂草丛生，看起来非常糟糕。故选D。
【75题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当邻居看着他们的花园时，他们只是相视而笑。A. gardens花园；B. drs门；C. rfs屋顶；D. farms农场。根据上文的“There nce was an rdinary street in the suburbs where n ne cared much fr their gardens.”可知，此处是指花园。故选A。
【76题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：要把所有这些花园清理干净似乎不容易，大家都懒得去收拾，因为所有人的花园都一样糟糕。A. purchase购买；B. guard守卫；C. clear清理；D. build建造。根据下文的“t make them better”可知，此处是指清理这些花园。故选C。
【77题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：要把所有这些花园清理干净似乎不容易，大家都懒得去收拾，因为所有人的花园都一样糟糕。A. scarcely几乎不；B. invisibly看不见地；C. slightly稍微地；D. equally相同的。根据上文的“where n ne cared much fr their gardens.”可知，这条街上人们的花园都同样糟糕，因为大家都不关心花园。故选D。
【78题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没人觉得迫切需要改变什么。A. keep保持；B. change改变；C. reach到达；D. defeat打败。结合上文提到大家看到杂草丛生的花园都无动于衷、不想清理可知，没人想要做出改变。且下文的“but als results in a change t the whle wrld.”也是提示。故选B。
【79题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比尔是一个整洁、勤劳以及有耐心的人，他到这条街安顿下来就开始在花园里忙碌起来。A. prud骄傲的；B. casual随意的；C. neat整洁的；D. selfless无私的。根据下文的“He tk his lawn mwer (割草机) ut t cut back the grass and pulled ut all f the weeds. ”可知，比尔开始清理花园，由此推知他是一个爱整洁的人。故选C。
【80题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：比尔是一个整洁、勤劳以及有耐心的人，他到这条街安顿下来就开始在花园里忙碌起来。A. settled定居，安顿；B. stepped踏；C. perfrmed表演；D. std站。根据上文的“Then a gardener named Bill mved in.”可知，比尔搬到了这条街，即在这里安顿下来。故选A。
【81题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他开始了园艺，开始给树篱造型，让它们看起来像花、植物、石头、球或者其他。A. planting种植；B. picking摘；C. watering浇水；D. shaping塑造，造型。根据下文的“making them lk like flwers, plants, stnes, balls, etc.”可知，比尔在给树篱造型，让它们看起来更美。故选D。
【82题详解】
考查名词词组辨析。句意：被园林园丁吸引，邻居们专程过来欣赏刚刚休整好的花园。A. ffice clerk办公室职员；B. fashin designer时尚设计师；C. landscape gardener园林园丁；D. street cleaner街道清扫员。根据上文的“he tk up his gardening and started _____9_____ his hedges, making them lk like flwers, plants, stnes, balls, etc.”可推知，比尔是一个园林园丁。故选C。
【83题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：邻居们陆续开始投入更多的精力到自己的花园，割草机的声音又可以被听见了。A. furniture家具；B. staff员工；C. effrt努力，精力；D. heat热量。根据上文的“There nce was an rdinary street in the suburbs where n ne cared much fr their gardens.”可知，从前邻居们对自家的花园不管不顾，但现在在比尔的影响下开始把更多的精力投入到其中。故选C。
【84题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，这条街从一堆肮脏、毫无吸引力的房子变成了一条在时尚杂志上都不会显得格格不入的街道。A. transfrmed改变；B. mved搬动；C. enlarged扩大；D. passed经过。结合上文可知，现在这条街的人都格外关注自己的花园，由此推知这条街发生了变化，即被改变了。故选A。
【85题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个人的行为向所有人展示了只需要一点努力就可以取得成就。A. mental精神上的；B. hard努力的；C. crprate合作的；D. ptinal选择的。根据上文的“One by ne, the neighbrs started t put in mre _____11_____ in their wn gardens and the sunds f lawn mwers culd be heard again.”可知，只要每个人都付出一点努力，结果就会大不相同。故选B。
【86题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们很容易忽略我们的周围的环境，因为没有其他人在乎它。A. bserve观察；B. mind介意；C. verlk忽略；D. pllute污染。根据上文的“The lawns were vergrwn, the weeds were _____1_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed t be cut back.”和“But when the neighbrs saw their _____3_____, they just lked at each ther and laughed.”可知，人们很容易忽略周围的环境，因为大家都不关注。故选C。
【87题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：记住：你积极从事的事情不仅对你有益，还可以给整个世界带来变化。A. traps困住；B. benefits对……有益；C. defends保卫，守卫；D. admires钦佩，羡慕。结合上文故事可知，比尔清理花园的行为不仅对自己有好处，还带动整条街的邻居改变周围的环境。故选B。
第四部分 语篇填空(每题 1.5 分，共 30 分)
(1)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
April 24th marked the 50th anniversary f Earth Day, the creatin f ___88___ is cnsidered as the beginning f the mdern envirnmental mvement by the ___89___ (majr) f peple.
Many peple cntinue t stay at hme during the recent mnths. As a result, peple are making less pllutin, and the air has becme ___90___ (clean).
Smg stpped ___91___ (cver) New Delhi, ne f the wrld’s mst ___92___ ( pllute) cities. Nitrgen dixide pllutin in___93___ nrtheastern f the United States ___94___ (drp) by 30 percent up till nw. Stars seem mre visible at night.
Researchers have been bserving sharp drps in traditinal air pllutants (污染物), such as nitrgen dixide, smg and tiny particles. These kinds f pllutants kill up t 7 millin peple a year wrldwide.
“Human activity usually makes it difficult fr sea turtles ___95___ (leave) their eggs n sandy castlines. Nesting turtles need t be undisturbed. After they cme ut f their eggs, baby turtles might have difficulty finding their way t the water because f bright lights. But ___96___ the lights mstly ff and peple staying at hme, the sea turtle nesting ____97____ (seem) much better at present,” Gdfrey said.
“There’s still a hpe left fr wildlife,” Gdfrey said.
【答案】88. which
89. majrity
90. cleaner
91. cvering
92. plluted
93. the 94. has drpped
95. t leave
96. with 97. seems
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是关于地球日的一些事情，包括人们在地球日里常做的活动以及设立地球日在保护自然环境和生态以及减少污染方面的重大意义等。
【88题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：4月24日是地球日50周年纪念日，地球日的创立被大多数人认为是现代环保运动的开始。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，空格位于介词f后面，指代“Earth Day”，是物，介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which。故填which。
【89题详解】
考查名词。句意：4月24日是地球日50周年纪念日，地球日的创立被大多数人认为是现代环保运动的开始。空格前为定冠词，空格后为介词f，可推断空格应填名词；且the majrity f+可数名词复数形式，意为“大多数……”，是固定搭配。故填majrity。
【90题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：因此，人们制造的污染更少了，空气变得更干净了。空格前为系动词has becme(已经变得），空格后为句号，结合句子前半部分提及“人们产生更少的污染”，提示句子涉及比较级，应用形容词比较级cleaner（更干净的）修饰主语the air(空气）。故填cleaner。
【91题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：雾霾停止笼罩新德里。stp ding sth意为“停止做某事”，此处应用动名词cvering（覆盖），表示“新德里不再被雾霾笼罩”。故填cvering。
【92题详解】
考查形容词。句意：世界上污染最严重的城市之一。ne f the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式，意为“最……的……之一”，故此处应填plluted（受污染的），且“mst plluted”为形容词最高级形式，符合题意。故填plluted。
【93题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：到目前为止，美国东北部的二氧化氮污染已经下降了30%。in the nrtheastern part f意为“在……的东北部”，是固定搭配，可知此处缺少定冠词the。故填the。
【94题详解】
考查时态。句意：到目前为止，美国东北部的二氧化氮污染已经下降了30%。空格前为主语Nitrgen States（美国东北部地区的二氧化氮），是第三人称单数，空格后为介词by，推断空格为谓语动词，结合up till nw（到现在为止），提示句子时态为现在完成时。故填has drpped。
【95题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：人类活动通常会使海龟难以在沙滩上产卵。分析句子结构可知，此处为sth. make(s) it difficult fr sb. t d sth.（某事让做某事对于某人来说是困难的），在此结构中，it作形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。故填t leave。
【96题详解】
考查介词。句意：但是随着大部分灯关了以及人们留在家里，现在海龟筑巢区域看起来好多了。分析句子结构可知，此处应用with引导伴随状语。表示“随着……”。故填with。
【97题详解】
考查时态。句意：但是随着大部分灯关了以及人们留在家里，现在海龟筑巢区域看起来好多了。空格前为主语the sea turtle nesting(海龟筑巢），是第三人称单数，空格后为表语much better(好多了），修饰主语，推断空格为系动词，结合at present（现在），提示句子时态为一般现在时，应用seems，意为“看起来”。故填seems。
【点睛】“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whm(指人) ，即：介词+which/whm。当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。
(2)
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Our grandparents seems t have magic pwers smetimes. Give them a Chinese lunar calendar___98___they will knw what the weather will be like days r even mnths later.
What's the secret? They are fllwing the 24 Slar Terms (节气), ___99___were added n Nv. 30 t the list f Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity (人类非物资文化遗产) by the United Natins (UN). It is a knwledge system and scial practice___100___(frm) thrugh peple's bservatins f the sun's annual mvements and its influence n the climate.
The 24 Slar Terms___101___(cme) int being during the Qin and Han___102___ (dynasty). At that time, mst Chinese peple made their living n farms, s weather changes were___103___(extreme) imprtant fr them. But f curse, they had n satellite, internet r weather bradcast___104___(help) them.___105___these difficulties, they managed t wrk ut 24 Slar Terms by studying the sun's mvement and als___106___(pay) attentin t ther natural changes such as air temperature, water and crp grwth.
It is hnred as China's____107____(five) great inventin, after papermaking, printing, the cmpass and gunpwder. Nw, it is still widely used in daily life even in the age f technlgy-based mdern farming.
【答案】98. and
99. which 100. frmed
101. came 102. dynasties
103. extremely
104. t_help
105. Despite
106. paying
107. fifth
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍中国的24节气被增加到人类非物资文化遗产的名录中，介绍24节气的由来和重要性。
【98题详解】
考查连词。句意：给他们一份中国农历，他们就会知道几天甚至几个月后的天气怎么样。分析句子结构可知，此处是祈使句“祈使句＋and/r＋简单句的句型”，前后是顺承关系，应使用连词and。故填and。
【99题详解】
考查定语从句。本句中使用which引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中做主语，修饰the 24 Slar Terms (节气)。故填which。
【100题详解】
考查非谓语动词。此处使用非谓语动词作定语修饰a knwledge system and scial practice，a knwledge system and scial practice和frm是被动关系，应使用过去分词。故填frmed。
【101题详解】
考查时态。这句话的时间是during the Qin and Han，应用一般过去时。故填came。
【102题详解】
考查名词单复数。dynasty是可数名词，因为是秦朝和汉朝，应用复数。故填dynasties。
【103题详解】
考查副词。修饰形容词imprtant，应用副词。故填extremely。
【104题详解】
考查不定式用法。句意：但当然，他们没有卫星、互联网或天气广播来帮助他们。此处不定式用作定语表用途和范围。故填t help。
【105题详解】
考查介词。虽然有这些困难，他们还是成功地制定了24节气。这里需要介词，表示转折的介词是despite意为“尽管……”。故填Despite。
【106题详解】
考查动名词。本句是一个并列结构，此处与动名词短语studying the sun's mvement并列作by的宾语，应用动名词。故填paying。
【107题详解】
考查序数词。句意：它被誉为中国第五大发明。本句中使用序数词做定语，修饰inventin。故填fifth。
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