新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点11-阅读之主旨大意题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点11-阅读之主旨大意题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点11-阅读之主旨大意题原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点11-阅读之主旨大意题解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共79页， 欢迎下载使用。

【命题趋势】
阅读理解在高考中的比重非常大。所谓“得阅读者得天下”，拿下了阅读就等于拿下了高考的半壁江山。所以提分的重点就在于阅读。而阅读理解中主旨大意题是常考题型，也是容易出错的题型之一。掌握解题步骤，确保主旨大意题的正确率是非常重要的。
【重要考向】
一、识别主旨大意题；
二、主旨大意题解题方法；
考向一
识别主旨大意题
【典例】【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇】
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB. Cckats: Independent Learners
C. Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters
【主旨大意的识别提分秘籍】
题干主要设置：
1. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
2. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
3. What des Nielsen's career stry tell us?
4. What can we learn frm Jenifer's stry?
5. What is the main idea f the text?
归纳：
文章中如何寻找关键词
1.举例中的关键词一定不是文章关键词
2.Timex是细节词，细节词不能有
3.首段出现疑问句时，对该疑问对回答就是主题句
考向二
主旨大意题解题方法
【典例】
【典例】【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins (企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided I wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A childhd dream.B. An unfrgettable experience.
C. Sailing arund the wrld.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【主旨大意提分秘籍】
Main idea 题型的解题步骤
关键词一定要有
细节词不能有
3.主题句一般在段首断尾，首段尾段
【2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】
Can a small grup f drnes (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient (高效) acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
31. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B. Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D. Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
【2022年1月浙江卷阅读理解C篇】
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there's a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list.New research fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia（失智症）in later life-and if they did，it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr.Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden,said:“These findings are exciting because it's pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular（心血管的）fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia.”
Fr the study,191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were tired ut t measure their peak（最大值的）cardivascular capacity.The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level with a capacity f 120 watts r higher. While 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry; A ttal f 59 were f lw fitness level ,with a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less,r having their tests stpped because f health prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades.During that time,44 f the wmen develped dementia.Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia,cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
"Hwever,this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin.said Hrder. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant." She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied,all f whm were frm Sweden,s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
30.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A.Mre Wmen Are Exercising t Prevent Dementia
B.Middle-Aged Wmen Need t D Mre Exercise
C.Fit Wmen Are Less Likely t Develp Dementia
D.Biking Imprves Wmen's Cardivascular Fitness
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇】
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
24. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A. Their target users.B. Their wide ppularity.
C. Their majr functins.D. Their cmplex design.
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934 better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump-start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there’s the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence: status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.
33.What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut？
A. The classificatin f the ppular.
B. The characteristics f adlescents.
C. The imprtance f interpersnal skills.
D. The causes f dishnrable behavir.
【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】
Dr Catherine Hbaiter, wh led the research, said that this was the nly frm f intentinal cmmunicatin t be recrded in the animal kingdm. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.
“That’s what’s s amazing abut chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect.”
Althugh previus research has shwn that apes and mnkeys can understand cmplex infrmatin frm anther animal’s call, the animals d nt appear t use their vices intentinally t cmmunicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hbaiter said.
Chimps will check t see if they have the attentin f the animal with which they wish t cmmunicate. In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signalling: “Climb n me.” The yungster immediately jumps n t its mther’s back and they travel ff tgether. “The big message frm this study is that there is anther species (物种) ut there that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that’s nt unique t humans,” said Dr Hbaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappinting”.
“The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins,” she said. “Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains.”
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Chimpanzee behaviur study achieved a breakthrugh
B. Chimpanzees develped specific cmmunicatin skills
C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdm
D. Chimpanzee language: cmmunicatin gestures translated
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin（干扰）in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street — s I can fcus”. His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut（布局）. But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup — thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp — significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise — nt t lud and nt ttal silence — may actually imprve ne’s creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus” appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
35. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He’s a news reprter.
B. He’s an ffice manager.
C. He’s a prfessinal designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解 C篇】
If yu ever get the impressin that yur dg can "tell" whether yu lk cntent r annyed, yu may be nt smething. Dgs may indeed be able t distinguish between happy and angry human faces, accrding t a new study
Researchers trained a grup f 11 dgs t distinguish between images（图像）f the same persn making either a happy r an angry face. During the training stage, each dg was shwn nly the upper half r the lwer half f the persn's face. The researchers then tested the dgs' ability t distinguish between human facial expressins by shwing them the ther half f the persn's face n images ttally different frm the nes used in training. The researchers fund that the dgs were able t pick the angry r happy face by tuching a picture f it with their nses mre ften than ne wuld expect by randm chance.
28. The new study fcused n whether dgs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes B. make sense f human faces
C. feel happy r angry D. cmmunicate with each ther
【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解 C篇】
At this pint, it is nt clear why dgs seem t be equipped with the ability t recgnize different facial expressins in humans. "T us, the mst likely explanatin appears t be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lt f expsure t human facial expressins," and this expsure has prvided them with many chances t learn t distinguish between them, Muller said.
30. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. A suggestin fr future studies. B. A pssible reasn fr the study findings.
C. A majr limitatin f the study D. An explanatin f the research methd.
【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解B篇】
We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parks less than 10 minutes' walk frm hme where neighburhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen-any screen -and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag, film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself "marketing directr fr Nature". He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
"Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference," David Bnd says. "There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be a habit fr life." His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: "We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while."
Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Yung Children Need Mre Free Tire
C. Market Nature t Children D. David Bnd: A Rle Mdel fr Children
【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】
Leslie Nielsen's childhd was a difficult ne, but he had ne particular shining star in his life-his uncle, wh was a well-knwn actr. The admiratin and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen t make a career（职业）in acting. Even thugh he ften felt he wuld be discvered t be a n-talent, he mved frward, gaining a schlarship t the Neighbrhd Playhuse and making his first televisin appearance a few years later in 1948. Hwever, becming a full-time, successful actr wuld still be an uphill battle fr anther eight years until he landed a number f film rles that finally gt him nticed.
But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he shuld be ding cmedy but his gd lks and distinguished vice kept him busy in dramatic rles. It wasn't until1980-32 years int his career-that he landed the rle it wuld seem he was made fr in Airplane! That mvie led him int the secnd half f his career where his cmedic presence alne culd make a mvie a financial success even when mvie reviewers wuld nt rate it highly.
Did Nielsen then feel cntent in his career? Yes and n. He was thrilled t be ding the cmedy that he always felt he shuld d, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense f curisity, wndering what new rle r challenge might he just arund the cmer. He never stpped wrking, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen's devtin t acting is wnderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little mre than plain ld hard wrk and determinatin. He shwed us that even a single desire, never given up n, can make fr a remarkable life.
23. What des Nielsen's career stry tell us?
A. Art is lng, life is shrt. B. He wh laughs last laughs lngest.
C. It's never t late t learn. D. Where there's a will there's a way.
【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.D. Benefits frm green plants.
【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy（MIT）have taken it a step further — changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins….
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants glw（发光）in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. …
In the future, the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. …
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce（电源）— such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway — a lt f energy is lst during transmissin（传输）. Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
35. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills….
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. …
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd. B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgist D. A teaching prgram.
【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at …
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. …
I always read ,using different vices ,as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it !...
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
35. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Reading: A Surce f Knwledge
B. My Idea abut writing
C. Library: A Haven fr the Yung
D. My Lve f the Library
【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】
The creative team behind "Apes" used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
25. What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A. The cst f making "Apes."B. The creatin f digitalized apes.
C. The publicity abut “Apes."D. The perfrmance f real apes.
【2020全国卷III阅读理解C篇】
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law: she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2001 t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
1【2020全国卷III阅读理解D篇】
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes(基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin — nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they’ve als built huses n stilts(支柱) in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land," said Redney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. "We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders," Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea."
In201, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them. “It seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin," said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at SeaB. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methds f Genetic ResearchD. The Wrld’s Best Divers
1【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解B篇】
Jenifer Mauer has needed mre willpwer than the typical cllege student t pursue her gal f earning a nursing degree. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr's degree.
Mauer, f Edgar, Wiscnsin, grew up n a farm in a family f 10 children. Her dad wrked at a jb away frm the farm, and her mther ran the farm with the kids. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin（学费）, because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin. After graduatin, she wrked t help her sisters and brthers pay fr their schling.
Jennifer nw is married and has three children f her wn. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves: nursing. She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids. Jenifer received great supprt frm her family as she wrked t car her degree: Her husband wrked tw jbs t cver the bills, and her 68-year-ld mther helped take care f the children at times.
Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study. “Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,” she says. Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family-and that's pretty pwerful.
7. What can we learn frm Jenifer's stry? （ ）
A. Time is mney. B. Lve breaks dwn barriers.
C. Hard wrk pays ff. D. Educatin is the key t success.
1【2020北京卷阅读理解C篇】
Fr the past five years, Paula Smith, a histrian f science, has devted herself t re-creating lng-frgtten techniques. While ding research fr her new bk, she came acrss a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) cnsisting f nearly 1,000 sets f instructins, cvering subjects frm tl making t finding the best sand.
The authr’s intentin remains as mysterius (神秘) as his name; he may have been simply taking ntes fr his wn recrds. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any f the skills the authr described. “Yu simply can’t get an understanding f that handwrk by reading abut it,” she says.
Thugh Smith did get her hands n the best sand, ding things the ld-fashined way isn’t just abut playing arund with French mud. …
The wrk has als brught insights fr museums, Smith says. …
Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas int practice. …
Back when science—then called “the new philsphy”—tk shape, academics lked t craftsmen fr help in understanding the natural wrld. Micrscpes and telescpes were invented by way f artistic tinkering (修补), as craftsmen experimented with glass t better bend light.
If we can rediscver the values f hands-n experience and craftwrk, Smith says, we can marry the best f ur mdern insights with the handiness f ur ancestrs.
41. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Craftsmen Set the Trends fr Artists
B．Craftsmanship Leads t New Theries
C．Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists
D．Craftsmen Reshape the Future f Science
1【2020浙江卷阅读理解C篇】
Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking, planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age, a study published Wednesday in the jurnal Neurlgy suggests.
Researchers frm the University f Leipzig in Germany gathered mre than 1, 000 retired wrkers wh were ver age 75 and assessed the vlunteers’ memry and thinking skills thrugh a battery f tests. Then, fr eight years, the scientists asked the same grup t cme back t the lab every 18 mnths t take the same srts f tests.
Thse wh had held mentally stimulating（刺激）, demanding jbs befre retirement tended t d the best n the tests. And they tended t lse cgnitive（认知）functin at a much slwer rate than thse with the least mentally challenging jbs. The results held true even after the scientists accunted fr the participants’verall health status.
“This wrks just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, wh led the study. “After a lng run, yu may feel like yu’re in pain, yu may feel tired. But it makes yu fit. After a lng day at wrk — sure, yu will feel tired, but it can help yur brain stay healthy. ”
It’s nt just crprate jbs, r even paid wrk that can help keep yur brain fit, Then pints ut. A waiter’ s jb, fr example, that requires multitasking, teamwrk and decisin-making culd be just as stimulating as any high-level ffice wrk. And “running a family husehld requires high-level planning and crdinating（协调）,” she says. “Yu have t rganize the activities f the children and take care f the bills and grceries.”
Of curse, ur brains can decline as we grw lder fr lts f reasns — including ther envirnmental influences r genetic factrs. Still, cntinuing t challenge yurself mentally and keeping yur mind busy can nly help.
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Retired Wrkers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old Peple Shuld Take Challenging Jbs
C. Yur Tugh Jb Might Help Keep Yu Sharp
D. Cgnitive Functin May Decline As Yu Age
1【2020浙江卷阅读理解C篇】
Tday’s wrld is nt an easy adjustment fr yung adults. A key skill set fr success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers frm Brigham Yung University discvered that fathers are in a unique psitin t help their adlescent children learn persistence.
BYU prfessrs Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after fllwing 325 American families ver several years. And ver time, the persistence gained thrugh fathers led t higher achievement in schl.
“There are relatively few studies that stress the unique rle f fathers,” Padilla-Walker said. “This research als helps t prve that characteristics such as persistence — which can be taught — are key t a child’s life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need t practice an “authritative” parenting style. Authritative parenting is nt authritarian: rigid, demanding r cntrlling. Rather, an authritative parenting style includes sme f the fllwing characteristics: children feel warmth and lve frm their father; respnsibility and the reasns behind rules are stressed; children are given an apprpriate level f autnmy (自主权).
In the study, abut 52 percent f the dads exhibited abve-average levels f authritative parenting. A key finding is that ver time, children raised by an authritative father were significantly mre likely t develp persistence, which leads t better utcmes in schl.
This particular study examined 11 t 14-year-lds living in tw-parent hmes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a rle in teaching the benefits f persistence, which is an avenue f future research.
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Three Characteristics f Authritative Fathers
B. Key Skills fr Yung Adults t Succeed in Future
C. Children Tend t Learn Determinatin frm Father
D. Family Relatinship Influences Schl Perfrmance
20.【2019北京卷阅读理解C篇】
The prblem f rbcalls has gtten s bad that many peple nw refuse t pick up calls frm numbers they dn’t knw. By next year, half f the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）. We are finally waking up t the severity f the prblem by supprting and develping a grup f tls, apps and appraches intended t prevent scammers frm getting thrugh. Unfrtunately, it’s t little, t late. By the time these ＂slutins"（解决方案）becme widely available, scammers will have mved nt cleverer means. In the near future, it’s nt just ging t be the number yu see n yur screen that will be in dubt. Sn yu will als questin whether the vice yu’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number f pwerful vice manipulatin ( 处理 ) and autmatin technlgies that are abut t becme widely available fr anyne t use. At this year’s I/O Cnference, a cmpany shwed a new vice technlgy able t prduce such a cnvincing human-sunding vice that it was able t speak t a receptinist and bk a reservatin withut detectin.
These develpments are likely t make ur current prblems with rbcalls much wrse. The reasn that rbcalls are a headache has less t d with amunt than precisin. A decade f data breaches（数据侵入）f persnal infrmatin has led t a situatin where scammers can easily learn yur mther’s name, and far mre. Armed with this knwledge, they’re able t carry ut individually targeted campaigns t cheat peple. This means, fr example, that a scammer culd call yu frm what lks t be a familiar number and talk t yu using a vice that sunds exactly like yur bank teller’s, tricking yu int "cnfirming" yur address, mther’s name, and card number. Scammers fllw mney, s cmpanies will be the wrst hit. A lt f business is still dne ver the phne, and much f it is based n trust and existing relatinships. Vice manipulatin technlgies may weaken that gradually.
We need t deal with the insecure nature f ur telecm netwrks. Phne carriers and cnsumers need t wrk tgether t find ways f determining and cmmunicating what is real. That might mean either develping a unifrm way t mark vides and images, shwing when and wh they were made by, r abandning phne calls altgether and mving twards data-based cmmunicatins — using apps like FaceTime r WhatsApp, which can be tied t yur identity.
Credibility is hard t earn but easy t lse, and the prblem is nly ging t get harder frm here n ut.
41. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Where the Prblem f Rbcalls Is Rted
B. Wh Is t Blame fr the Prblem f Rbcalls
C. Why Rbcalls Are Abut t Get Mre Dangerus
D. Hw Rbcalls Are Affecting the Wrld f Technlgy
2【2019全国卷I阅读理解D篇】
During the rsy years f elementary schl（小学）, I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, which allwed me t keep my high scial status. I was the queen f the playgrund. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cl kids. They rse in the ranks nt by being friendly but by smking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jkes n thers, amng whm I sn fund myself.
Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump-start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there’s the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence: status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.
Enviable as the cl kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies shw unpleasant cnsequences. Thse wh were highest in status in high schl, as well as thse least liked in elementary schl, are ＂mst likely t engage（从事）in dangerus and risky behavir.＂
In ne study, Dr. Prinstein examined the tw types f ppularity in 235 adlescents, scring the least liked, the mst liked and the highest in status based n student surveys（调查研究）. ＂We fund that the least well-liked teens had becme mre aggressive ver time tward their classmates. But s had thse wh were high in status. It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment, high status has just the ppsite effect n us."
Dr. Prinstein has als fund that the qualities that made the neighbrs want yu n a play date-sharing, kindness, penness — carry ver t later years and make yu better able t relate and cnnect with thers.
In analyzing his and ther research，Dr. Prinstein came t anther cnclusin: Nt nly is likability related t psitive life utcmes, but it is als respnsible fr thse utcmes, t. "Being liked creates pprtunities fr learning and fr new kinds f life experiences that help smebdy gain an advantage, ＂ he said.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Be Nice—Yu Wn’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Better
C. Be the Best—Yu Can Make It
D. Mre Self-Cntrl, Less Aggressiveness
2【2019全国卷II阅读理解C篇】
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Luie cunter by herself, quietly reading her e-bk as she waits fr her salad. What is she reading? Nne f yur business! Lunch is Bechtel’s "me" time. And like mre Americans, she’s nt alne.
A new reprt fund 46 percent f meals are eaten alne in America. Mre than half（53 percent）have breakfast alne and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating tgether anymre, 74 percent, accrding t statistics frm the reprt.
"I prefer t g ut and be ut. Alne, but tgether, yu knw?" Bechtel said, lking up frm her bk. Bechtel, wh wrks in dwntwn West Palm Beach, has lunch with cwrkers smetimes, but like many f us, t ften wrks thrugh lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allws her t keep a bss frm tapping her n the shulder. She returns t wrk feeling energized. "Tday, I just wanted sme time t myself," she said.
Just tw seats ver, Andrew Mazleny, a lcal videgrapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phne in peace r chat up the barkeeper with whm he's n a first-name basis if he wants t have a little interactin（交流）. "I reflect n hw my day's gne and think abut the rest f the week," he said. "It's a chance fr self-reflectin, Yu return t wrk recharged and with a plan."
That freedm t chse is ne reasn mre peple like t eat alne. There was a time when peple may have felt awkward abut asking fr a table fr ne, but thse days are ver. Nw, we have ur smartphnes t keep us cmpany at the table. "It desn't feel as alne as it may have befre all the advances in technlgy," said Laurie Demeritt, whse cmpany prvided the statistics fr the reprt.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The trend f having meals alne.B. The imprtance f self-reflectin.
C. The stress frm wrking vertime.D. The advantage f wireless technlgy.
2【2019全国卷II阅读理解D篇】
Bacteria are an annying prblem fr astrnauts. The micrrganisms（微生物） frm ur bdies grw uncntrllably n surfaces f the Internatinal Space Statin, s astrnauts spend hurs cleaning them up each week. Hw is NASA vercming this very tiny big prblem? It’s turning t a bunch f high schl kids. But nt just any kids. It depending n NASA HUNCH high schl classrms, like the ne science teachers Gene Grdn and Dnna Himmelberg lead at Fairprt High Schl in Fairprt, New Yrk.
HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers. Fr the past tw years, Grdn’s students have been studying ways t kill bacteria in zer gravity, and they think they’re clse t a slutin（解决方案）. “We dn’t give the students any breaks. They have t d it just like NASA engineers,” says Flrence Gld, a prject manager.
"There are n tests," Grdn says. "There is n graded hmewrk. There almst are n grades, ther than 'Are yu wrking twards yur gal?' Basically, it’s 'I’ve gt t prduce this prduct and then, at the end f year, present it t NASA.' Engineers cme and really d an in-persn review, and... it’s nt a very nice thing at times.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. NASA: The Hme f AstrnautsB. Space: The Final Hmewrk Frntier
C. Nature: An Outdr ClassrmD. HUNCH: A Cllege Admissin Refrm
2【2019全国卷III阅读理解B篇】
Fr Western designers, China and its rich culture have lng been an inspiratin fr Western creative.
"It's n secret that China has always been a surce(来源)f inspiratin fr designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative fficer at A+E Netwrks, a glbal media cmpany and hme t sme f the biggest fashin(时尚)shws.
Earlier this year, the China Thrugh A Lking Glass exhibitin in New Yrk exhibited 140 pieces f China-inspired fashinable clthing alngside Chinese wrks f art, with the aim f explring the influence f Chinese aesthetics(美学)n Western fashin and hw China has fueled the fashinable imaginatin fr centuries. The exhibitin had recrd attendance, shwing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impssible t verlk," says Hill. "Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver the wrld, which means Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin — they are central t its mvement. "Of curse, nly are tday's tp Western designers being influenced by China — sme f the best designers f cntemprary fashin are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jasn Wu are taking n Galian, Albaz, Marc Jacbs-and beating them hands dwn in design and sales," adds Hill.
Fr Hill, it is impssible nt t talk abut China as the leading player when discussing fashin. "The mst famus designers are Chinese, s are the mdels, and s are the cnsumers," she says. "China is n lnger just anther market; in many senses it has becme the market. If yu talk abut fashin tday, yu are talking abut China —its influences, its directin, its breathtaking clthes, and hw yung designers and mdels are finally acknwledging that in many ways."
27.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Yung Mdels Selling Dreams t the Wrld
B.A Chinese Art Exhibitin Held in New Yrk
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling Internatinal Fashin Trends
2【2019浙江卷阅读理解C篇】
The number f trees larger than tw feet acrss has declined by 50 percent n mre than 46, 000 square miles f Califrnia frests, the new study finds. N area was spared r unaffected, frm the fggy nrthern cast t the Sierra Nevada Muntains t the San Gabriels abve Ls Angeles. In the Sierra high cuntry, the number f big trees has fallen by mre than 55 percent; in parts f suthern Califrnia the decline was nearly 75 percent.
27. What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A. The seriusness f big-tree lss in Califrnia.
B. The increasing variety f Califrnia big trees.
C. The distributin f big trees in Califrnia frests.
D. The influence f farming n big trees in Califrnia.
2【2018全国卷I阅读理解B篇】
Gd Mrning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used t grilling guests n the sfa every mrning, but she is cking up a strm in her latest rle — shwing families hw t prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget.
In Save Mney: Gd Fd, she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under £5 per family a day. And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she’s been able t put a lt f what she’s learnt int practice in her wn hme, preparing meals fr sns, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
“We lve Mexican churrs, s I buy them n my phne frm my lcal Mexican takeaway restaurant,” she explains. “I pay £5 fr a prtin (一份), but Matt makes them fr 26p a prtin, because they are flur, water, sugar and il. Everybdy can buy takeaway fd, but smetimes we’re nt aware hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves.”
The eight-part series (系列节目), Save Mney: Gd Fd, fllws in the ftsteps f ITV’s Save Mney: Gd Health, which gave viewers advice n hw t get value frm the vast range f health prducts n the market.
With fd ur biggest weekly husehld expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tnight’s Easter special they cme t the aid f a family in need f sme delicius inspiratin n a budget. The team transfrms the family’s lng weekend f celebratin with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making Yurself a Perfect Chef
D. Cking Well fr Less
2【2018全国卷I阅读理解C篇】
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld’s languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
Already well ver 400 f the ttal f 6,800 languages are clse t extinctin (消亡), with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern (eight remaining speakers), Chiapanec in Mexic (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (tw r three) r Wadjigu in Australia (ne, with a questin-mark): nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
31. What is the main idea f the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peple’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human develpment results in fewer languages.
D. Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
2【2018全国卷II阅读理解D篇】
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
What’s the prblem? It’s pssible that we all have cmprmised cnversatinal intelligence. It’s mre likely that nne f us start a cnversatin because it’s awkward and challenging, r we think it’s annying and unnecessary. But the next time yu find yurself amng strangers, cnsider that small talk is wrth the truble. Experts say it’s an invaluable scial practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimprtant is easy, but we can’t frget that deep relatinships wuldn’t even exist if it weren’t fr casual cnversatin. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) fr scial cmmunicatin, says Bernard Carducci, directr f the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Sutheast. “Almst every great lve stry and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key t successful small talk is learning hw t cnnect with thers, nt just cmmunicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, assciate prfessr f psychlgy at UBC, invited peple n their way int a cffee shp. One grup was asked t seek ut an interactin (互动) with its waiter; the ther, t speak nly when necessary. The results shwed that thse wh chatted with their server reprted significantly higher psitive feelings and a better cffee shp experience. “It’s nt that talking t the waiter is better than talking t yur husband,” say Dunn. “But interactins with peripheral (边缘的) members f ur scial netwrk matter fr ur well-being als.”
Dunn believes that peple wh reach ut t strangers feel a significantly greater sense f belnging, a bnd with thers. Carducci believes develping such a sense f belnging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis f gd manners,” he says.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Cnversatin CuntsB. Ways f Making Small Talk
C. Benefits f Small TalkD. Uncmfrtable Silence
2【2018全国卷III阅读理解B篇】
Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River. Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time. Bm twns grw frm nthing almst vernight. In 1896, Dawsn, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gld was discvered there in 1897, and tw years later, it was ne f the largest cities in the West, with a ppulatin f 30,000.
Dawsn did nt have any f the natural cnveniences f cities like Lndn r Paris. Peple went there fr gld. They travelled ver snw-cvered muntains and sailed hundreds f miles up icy rivers. The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw that culd fall withut warming. An avalanche(雪崩) nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple. Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.
But n matter hw rich they were, Dawsn was never cmfrtable. Necessities like fd and wd were very expensive. But sn, the gld that Dawsn depended n had all been fund. The city was crwded with disappinted peple with n interest in settling dwn, and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme. Tday, peple still cme and g — t see where the Canadian gld rush happened. Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The rise and fall f a city.
B. The gld rush in Canada.
C. Jurneys int the wilderness.
D. Turism in Dawsn.
30.【2018全国卷III阅读理解D篇】
Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre is mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.
I fund the pre-hlidays a gd time t encurage yung children t dnate less-used things, and it wrked. Because f ur effrts, ur daughter Gergia did decide t dnate a large bag f tys t a little girl whse mther was unable t pay fr her hliday due t illness. She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund(基金）(ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr)
Fr weeks, I’ve been thinking f bigger, deeper questins: Hw d we make it a habit fr them? And hw d we train urselves t help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my sn, Shepherd, determined t test my wn thery n this. I decided t play with him with nly ne ty fr as lng as it wuld keep his interest. I expected that ne ty wuld keep his attentin fr abut five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chse a red rubber ball — simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried t put it in his muth, he tried buncing it, rlling it, sitting n it, thrwing it. It was ttally, cmpletely enugh fr him. Befre I knew it an hur had passed and it was time t mve n t lunch.
We bth became absrbed in the simplicity f playing tgether. He had my full attentin and I had his. My little experiment t find jy in a single bject wrked fr bth f us.
35.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Take It r Leave ItB. A Lessn frm Kids
C. Live Mre with LessD. The Pleasure f Giving
3【2018浙江卷阅读理解B篇】
Steven Stein likes t fllw garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when yu cnsider that he’s an envirnmental scientist wh studies hw t reduce litter, including things that fall ff garbage trucks as they drive dwn the rad. What is even mre interesting is that ne f Stein’s jbs is defending an industry behind the plastic shpping bag.
Americans use mre than 100 billin thin film plastic bags every year. S many end up in tree branches r alng highways that a grwing number f cities d nt allw them at checkuts (收银台). The bags are prhibited in sme 90 cities in Califrnia, including Ls Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein t make the case that their prducts are nt as bad fr the planet as mst peple assume.
Amng the bag makers’ arguments: many cities with bans still allw shppers t purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require mre energy t prduce and transprt. And while plastic bags may be ugly t lk at, they represent a small percentage f all garbage n the grund tday.
The industry has als taken aim at the prduct that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shpping bags. The strnger a reusable bag is, the lnger its life and the mre plastic-bag use it cancels ut. Hwever, lnger-lasting reusable bags ften require mre energy t make. One study fund that a cttn bag must be used at least 131 times t be better fr the planet than plastic.
Envirnmentalists dn’t dispute (质疑) these pints. They hpe paper bags will be banned smeday t and want shppers t use the same reusable bags fr years.
27. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Plastic, Paper r Neither
B. Industry, Pllutin and Envirnment
C. Recycle r Thrw Away
D. Garbage Cllectin and Waste Cntrl
3【2018浙江卷阅读理解C篇】
I start every summer with the best f intentins: t attack ne big bk frm the past, a classic that I was suppsed t have read when yung and ambitius. Often the pairings f bks and settings have been purely accidental: “Mby Dick” n a three-day crss-cuntry train trip; “The Magic Muntain” in a New England beachside cttage with n lcks n the drs, n telephnes r televisins in the rms, and little t d beynd rw n the salt pnd. Attempting “The Man Withut Qualities” n a return t Hawaii, my native state, hwever, was less fruitful: I made it thrugh ne and a quarter vlumes (册), then decided that I’d gt the pint and went swimming instead.
But this summer I find myself at a lss. I’m nt quite interested in Balzac, say, r “Tristram Shandy.” There’s always “War and Peace,” which I’ve cvered sme distance several times, nly t get bgged dwn in the “War” part, set it aside fr a while, and realize that I have t start ver frm the beginning again, having frgtten everyne’s name and scial rank. Hw appealing t simply fall back n a favrite — nce mre int “The Waves” r “Justine,” which feels almst like cheating, t exciting and t much fun t prperly belng in serius literature.
And then there’s Stendhal’s “The Red and the Black,” which happens t be the name f my favrite ccktail (鸡尾酒) f the summer, created by Michael Ceccni at Savy and Back Frty. It is easy t drink, and kncking back three r fur seems like such a delightful idea. Ceccni’s thery: “I take whatever’s fresh at the greenmarket and turn it int liquid.” The result is a pure sht f afternn in the park, making ne feel cheerful and peaceful all at nce, lying n uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating thrugh the lids...
30. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Bks f Summer B. My Summer Hlidays
C. T Read r Nt t Read D. It’s Never T Late t Read
2022·河南·模拟预测
The US space agency NASA has revealed an astnishing picture revealing new secrets f the Earth’s hme galaxy (星系), the Milky Way. The sun is just ne f hundreds f billins f stars that frm the huge shape f ur galaxy. Our slar system sits in an utlying regin but the new image fcuses n the centre f the Milky Way, a “nisy” area because f all the crwded stars. Light frm this regin takes abut 26,000 years t reach Earth. Fr cmparisn, light takes just eight minutes t reach us frm the sun.
The researchers use the data cllected by tw telescpes that see the sky in ways that are very different frm the visible light ur eyes can see t frm the new image. Mst f the data cmes frm 370 different pictures taken ver the past 20 years by NASA’s Chandra X Observatry. This satellite telescpe detects X-rays ut in space. X-rays are a frm f radiatin that is sent ut when vilent events heat matter t temperatures f millins f degrees. Other data cmes frm the MeerKAT telescpe in Suth Africa, which can detect radi waves frm space. These waves have much less energy than X-rays. They are usually prduced by cler material, such as huge cluds f gas between the stars.
The brightest surces include neutrn stars which are the cres f huge stars that ran ut f fuel and cllapsed t city-sized balls f super ht matter. Many neutrn stars and black hles jet ut gases that appear in the picture as purple streaks (斑纹). Pwerful magnetic fields in the area cause the jets t bend as they get further frm their surce. Astrnmer Dr Daniel Wang, wh has wrked n the image ver the past year, said the new picture described “a vilent r energetic ecsystem”.
4．What may be the best title fr the text?
A．Our galaxy’s vilent heartB．An attempt t travel in uter space
C．Radi waves frm uter spaceD．Stars’ purple streaks
2022·吉林长春·模拟预测
New Yrk-based Ecvative has been creating envirnmentally friendly packaging made frm mushrms and agricultural waste since 2009. Nw, the cmpany wants t bring their amazing material int hmes and ffices with a new line f cmpstable (可堆肥的) furnishings that are grwn using just three materials: mycelium (the vegetative part f mushrms), hemp (麻类植物), and salt.
While creating hard material frm mushrms might sund magical, the cmpany’s CEO Eben Bayer says it is a relatively lw-tech prcess and cmpares it t “making bread”. The cmpany begins by adding a few mycelium cells t damp hemp r ther agricultural waste.
The mycelium that grws like little hairs is allwed t twist with the waste until everything is ”glued“ tgether. The cmbinatin is then mixed again and placed int the desired mld (模具) where it cntinues t grw and harden. The resulting material is then baked in the ven. In additin t making it as strng as wd, the heat als kills the mycelium, thus giving the cmpstable material a similar shelf life t wd.
Als, thugh the table tps f the stylish Tafl and King’s tables released at the recently held Bifabricate 2016 cnference in New Yrk City resemble marble, they are far frm it. The perfectly carved blcks are made f a material grwn by a Nrth Carlina-based cmpany named biMASON using grains f sands and bacteria.
As yu have prbably guessed, this waste-free furniture des nt cme cheap. Custmers can expect t pay anywhere frm $249 USD fr the Tafl t $699 USD fr the King’s table, bth f which are nly available in limited quantities. Thse that cannt affrd thse prices can chse cheaper GIY (grw it yurself) nes made f varius prducts ranging frm Christmas tree decratins t lamp shades.
12．What is the best title fr the text?
A．The Inventin f New Kinds f Furniture
B．The First Sale f Furniture Made f Mushrms
C．Scientists Fund New Material t Make Furniture
D．Future Furniture May Be Grwn frm Mushrms
（2022·浙江温州·二模）
When Mexican scientist f the evlutin f animal behavir, Laura Cuaya, mved t Hungary fr her pstdctral studies in Budapest, she brught her pet dg, Kun-kun, alng fr the ride. Cuaya culdn't help nticing hw lcals warmed t dgs. This prmpted her naturally curius scientific mind t start asking questins. “Here peple are talking all the time t Kun-kun, but I always wnder if Kun-kun can recgnize that peple in Budapest speak Hungarian, nt Spanish?” S she set ut t find an answer thrugh a scientific study.
Cuaya and her clleagues decided t use brain images frm MRI scanning t shed light n her hunch. They wrked with dgs f varius ages that had, until the experiment, nly heard their wners speak just ne f the tw languages, Spanish r Hungarian. Nt surprisingly, getting the dgs t happily take part in the experiment tk sme creative caxing and animal training! The researchers first needed t teach Kun-kun and her 17 fellw participating dgs including a labraddle, a glden retriever and Australian shepherds, t lie still in a brain scanner. Their pet parents were always present, and they culd leave the scanner at any pint.
The research team played children's bk classic The Little Prince in bth Spanish and Hungarian while scanning the dgs' brains with an MRI machine. They were lking fr evidence that their brains reacted differently t a familiar and unfamiliar language. The researchers als played scrambled versins f the stry t find ut if dgs culd distinguish between speech and nn-speech.
The images reveal that dgs' brains shw different patterns f activity fr an unfamiliar language than fr a familiar ne—the first time anyne has prved, researchers say, that a nn-human brain can distinguish between tw languages. This means that the sunds and rhythms f a familiar language are accessible t nn-humans.
Interestingly, the team als fund that the brains f lder dgs were mre skilled at detecting speech “suggesting a rle fr the amunt f language expsure”. They suggest that dgs have refined their ability t distinguish between human languages ver the lng prcess f dmesticatin.
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title?
A．Dgs Can Tell Freign LanguagesB．Dg Brains Have Different Patterns
C．Old Dgs Knw Mre Abut Human Speech
D．Dgs Can Differ Speech Frm Nn-Speech
（2022·河南·许昌市普通教育教学研究室二模）
Michael Nesmith, the guitarist f the 1960s pp grup The Mnkees, died at the age f 78. The famed singer-sngwriter, wh cmpsed sme f the band’s catalgue, including tracks such as “Papa Gene's Blues,” “Yu Tld Me” and “Yu Just May Be the One,” died f natural causes n Friday mrning, accrding t the statement released by his family.
The Mnkees member Micky Dlenz is nw the nly surviving member f the grup. “I’m heartbrken. Dlenz said in a statement fllwing Nesmith’s death. The Mnkees televisin debut (首演) turned him and fellw band members Dlenz, Peter Trk and David Jnes int vernight rck stars. The shw, which premiered in 1966, rcketed the grup t fame, scringN.1 hits and chart-tpping albums. During the tw-year run, The Mnkees: wn the 1967 Emmy fr best cmedy series.
Fllwing the grup’s breakup in 1970, Nesmith mved n t a lng and creative career, nt nly as-a musician but as a writer, prducer and directr f films, authr f several bks, head f a media arts cmpany and creatr f a music vide frmat that led t the creatin f MTV.
Nesmith rarely rejined the thers fr reunin turs, leading many t believe he disliked the band and the shw, smething he steadfastly denied. Fr the Mnkees’30th anniversary he persuaded the thers t reunite t recrd a new album, “Justus,” fr which all fur cmpsed the sngs and played the instruments. He als rejined the thers fr a brief tur and wrte and directed their 1997 TV reunin film, “Hey, Hey, It's the Mnkees.”
After fighting fr creative cntrl in The Mnkees in the late 1960s, Nesmith went n t frm the cuntry rck utfit. The First Natinal, which scred a tp 25 hit in 1970 with “Janne” accrding t Billbard.
18．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A band.B．A musician.
C．Hit shws.D．Glden cmpsitins.（2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测）
Team China’s teenage freeski superstar Gu Ailing had halfpipe gld wrapped up by her secnd run at Genting Snw Park in Zhangjiaku. “I’ve never taken a victry lap befre in my entire life, but this time I felt like I finally deserve it,” Gu tld reprters after becming the first athlete t win Olympic medals in all three freeski events. Her big victry at the 2021 X Games in Aspen, Clrad, where she wn Big Air, halfpipe and slpestyle glds, increased the expectatin level fr her Olympic perfrmance in Beijing.
Brn in Califrnia t a Chinese mther, Gu began cmpeting fr China when she was 15 in 2019, stating her aim t inspire millins f yung peple during the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing and prmte the sprt she lves. Since then, the utstanding part-time mdel and grade-A student has been busy gaining recrds, titles and firsts. All the while her superstar status has snwballed, as evidenced by her millins f fllwers n scial media.
The 18-year-ld als clearly feels she has achieved much away frm the sprting arena at Beijing 2022 and she has becme the inspiratin fr many. “After reading hundreds f messages that I get every day frm yung girls saying that they g sking because f me and they want t keep ging r they, yu knw, brke their bundaries in sme ther way and felt inspired by smething that I said, I feel all thse little things are immensely rewarding.”
When asked abut her future plan, she had n idea whether she wuld cntinue t cmpete in freestyle skiing. “I’m ging t d whatever feels right, and hpefully I’ll be able t create sme kind f psitive change ut f any psitin that I'm in,” said Gu.
26．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．D Whatever Yu Feel RightB．Skiing Changes Peple’s Lives
C．Gu, an Inspiring Olympic Histry MakerD．Skiing, the Highlight f the Winter Olympics
（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）
When “irregardless” was included in Merriam-Webster dictinary, it caused wide disagreements. “Irregardless” has been in widespread and near-cnstant use since 1795, when a newspaper called The Charlestn City Gazelle f Charlestn Ga first used it. “We d nt make the English language, and we merely recrd it,” the dictinary’s staff wrte in “Wrds f the Week”.
The wrd’s definitin, when we read it, wuld seem t be withut regard. Hwever, Merriam-Webster defines “irregardless” as “nnstandard” but meaning the same as “regardless”. Accrding t Merriam-Webster, “Many peple find ‘irregardless’ t be a ridiculus wrd, as the ir-prefix usually indicates negative meaning; hwever, in this case it appears t make the meaning f ‘regardless’ strnger.”
“It’s nt a real wrd. I dn’t care what the dictinary says.” respnds authr Michelle Ray, wh teaches English in Silver Spring, Md. And she says she’s still planning t mark “irregardless” as incrrect n her students’ wrk.
An American newspaper the Baltimre Sun published the wrd in editr Jhn McIntyre’s cmmentary n Saturday: “‘Irregardless’ is t a wrd; yu just dn’t understand dictinaries. Peple get upset abut the dictinary because they think it is sme srt f fficial dcument. But actually, it’s nt. It’s just lexicgraphers identifying wrds that peple use and trying t find ut hw they are spelled, hw they are prnunced, what meanings they have and where they came frm.”
“The dictinary’s recgnitin desn’t enrll a wrd as crrect in the English language,” McIntyre says. “It just says this is a wrd that a lt f peple use in English. And here’s what we knw abut it.” S it’s a wrd, but its use is still discuraged in frmal writing.
30．What can be the best title fr the passage?
A．“Irregardless” Is Frequently Used in Frmal Writing
B．“Irregardless” Shuldn’t Be Included in the Dictinary
C．Regardless f What Yu Think, “Irregardless” Is a Wrd
D．Experts Can’t Agree n the Meaning f “Irregardless”