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新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点14-阅读之词义猜测题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）
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这是一份新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点14-阅读之词义猜测题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点14-阅读之词义猜测题原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点14-阅读之词义猜测题解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共37页， 欢迎下载使用。
【命题趋势】
词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应的词。只要找到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！
【重要考向】
一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；
二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；
考向一
识别词义猜测题
【典例】
【2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
【词义猜测题型提分秘籍】
了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式
(1) 代词类猜词题
The underlined wrd "them" in Paragraph 2 refers t_______.
The underlined wrd “it" in Para. 4 refers t _______.
(2) 其他类猜测题
What des the wrd X (in Paragraph X) mean?
What des the underlined wrd X mean?
What can we learn frm the underlined sentence?
The underlined wrd X prbably means _______.
考向二
词义猜测题解题方法
【典例】
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins (企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
【词义猜测题提分秘籍】
1. 代词类猜词题做题方法
第一步：优先看划线句
第二步：前指向性
第三步：代词单复数线索
2. 其他类猜词题做题方法
根据构词法：通过转化、合成、词根词缀等
词根词缀
常见前缀：
前缀作用：通常前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性
常见后缀：
后缀作用：通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性
(3) 因果法 —— 根据因果关系
常见表示因果的词汇：because, fr, as, since, fr the reasn that, cnsidering that
(4) 并列法 —— 根据并列顺承关系
常见的并列词：and, as well as, nt nly…but als…, tgether/alng with, when/while
(5) 转折法 ——根据转折关系
常见表示转折的词汇：while, nt, but, hwever, yet, therwise, thugh, despite, in spite f , in cntrast, instead f, rather than
【2022年全国乙卷C篇】
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspectin and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
【2022年1月浙江卷A篇】
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana,Washingtn and Oregn,she says prudly.If she wants t visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transprt needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven thrugh 55 mph winds in Wyming , heavy flding and strms in Alabama and ttal whiteut cnditins in Kansas.
22.The wrd “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire t_?
A.make mney. B.try varius jbs.
C.be clse t nature. D.travel t different places.
【参考答案】
猜测词义题。根据第一段It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana, Washingtn and Oregn, she says prudly. 意思为：她很骄傲的说,这个工作带她到了全美国除蒙大拿,华盛顿,俄勒冈以外的所有的州。可知，她很喜欢到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This wanderlust is inherited frm her father, she says. He mved their family frm Canada t Califrnia when she was ne year ld, because he wanted them t explre a new place tgether. 遗传自她的父亲也喜欢探索新地方。故答案选D。
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
【参考答案】
C词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfrtunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Exprt出口；C. Destry破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit.B. Argue.
C. Remember.D. Remark.
【参考答案】
A 词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“cncede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】
“The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins,” she said. “Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains.”
29. What des the underlined wrd “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Difference.B. Cnflict.
C. Balance. D. Cnnectin.
【参考答案】
A 词义猜测题 根据Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. 可知，黑猩猩手势传递的信息的意义，并没有超出其他动物通过非语言方式传达的含义，因此和人类的语言交流方式还是存在差异。gulf在此意为“差异”。
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
9. What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
A. Be careful!B. Well dne!C. N way!D. Dn't wrry!
【参考答案】
B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。
【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag, film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself "marketing directr fr Nature". He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
26. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "charts" in paragraph 2
A. recrds B. predicts C. delays D. cnfirms
【参考答案】
A 词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词前面的句子“He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature a brand t be marketed t yung peple”可知其中的“dcumented”意为“记录”。因此，结合划线词后面的“the birth f the Wild Netwrk ”可知，他的纪录片记录了一个组织的诞生，顾“charts”意为“记录”，故选A。
【2021天津卷3月阅读理解B篇】
The pignancy f Jrdan retiring frm his belved basketball t play baseball and what had pushed him t make such a tugh decisin tk me by surprise. As I watched him take ff his basketball unifrm and replace it with a baseball unifrm, I saw him leaving behind the layer that n lnger served him, just as ur lizard had. Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. But they had t live with wh they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.
43. The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understd as .
A. letting g f the pastB. lking fr a new jb
C. getting rid f a bad habitD. giving up an pprtunity
【参考答案】
A词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. But they had t live with wh they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.(他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是“放开过去”。故选A。
【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifts, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it’s yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
26. What des the underlined wrd ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. Debt.B. Reward.C. Allwance.D. Face value.
【参考答案】
B词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
6. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. “The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species（物种）.It’s destrying the envirnment. It’s them r us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check fr decades，but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
30. What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Bmed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
【参考答案】
D词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词cllapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
7. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
33. What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B. Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C. Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D. A clser bnd develped with the readers.
【参考答案】
B词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew lder and became a mther可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and bks were ur main surce (来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
8. 【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】
Yet "Apes" is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants," "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper," have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
26. What des the underlined phrase "keeping tabs n" in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Listing cmpletely.B. Directing prfessinally.
C. Prmting successfully.D. Watching carefully.
【参考答案】
D词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants," "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper," have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
9. 【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解C篇】
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
9. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t? （ ）
A. Develping a serius mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
【参考答案】
D词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins（份）, it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
13. What des the underlined wrd "beanples" in paragraph 1 refer t? （ ）
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persns.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persns.
【参考答案】
D词义猜测题。根据前半句“And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanples with big appetites。由cntrary t可推断出，画线词和heavier peple（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier peple正好相反。故选D。
1【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
But he’s nervus.＂I’m here t tell yu tday why yu shuld … shuld…＂Chris trips n the＂-ld,＂a prnunciatin difficulty fr many nn-native English speakers. His teacher, Thmas Whaley, is next t him, whispering supprt.＂…Vte fr …me …＂Except fr sme stumbles, Chris is ding amazingly well. When he brings his speech t a nice cnclusin, Whaley invites the rest f the class t praise him.
25. What des the underlined wrd ＂stumbles＂ in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Imprper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jkes.
【参考答案】
A词义猜测题 根据第二段t tell yu tday why yu shuld … shuld … Chris trips n the …可知Chris因为紧张，演讲时说话有点磕巴，故此处stumbles指不恰当的停顿。
1【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
I guess that there's prbably sme demanding wrk schedule, r scial anxiety arund stepping up t help fr an unknwn sprt. She may just need a little persuading. S I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mentin the single parent with fur kids running the shw and I talk abut the dad caching a team that his kids aren’t even n… At this pint the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I’ll d it."
25. What des the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Encurage team wrk.B. Appeal t feelings.
C. Prmte gd deeds.D. Prvide advice.
【参考答案】
B 词义猜测题 heartstrings是由heart + strings组成，可知此短语与心情有关。由上文可知，作者猜测这位家长对于参与一项不熟悉的运动可能有一些顾虑，作者需要说服她。由I mentin the single parent with fur kids running the shw and I talk abut the dad caching a team that his kids aren’t even n.可知，作者提到了一位有四个孩子的单亲家长负责该活动；一位爸爸即便自己孩子没有加入球队，也给该球队执教。由此可猜测出作者是想从感情上打动这位家长。
1【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】
"China is impssible t verlk," says Hill. "Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver the wrld, which means Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin — they are central t its mvement. "Of curse, nly are tday's tp Western designers being influenced by China — sme f the best designers f cntemprary fashin are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jasn Wu are taking n Galian, Albaz, Marc Jacbs-and beating them hands dwn in design and sales," adds Hill.
26.What d the underlined wrds"taking n" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning frmB. lking dwn n C. wrking withD. cmpeting against
【参考答案】
D 词义猜测题 根据第四段最后一句 … beating them hands dwn in design and sales可知，Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jasn Wu这些人在设计和销售方面毫不费劲地打败了传统时尚大牌。故选D项。
1【2019天津卷阅读理解D篇】
The bk turns ut t be ne that has appealed t the wrld fr mre than 350 years. That frmer prisner was Cervantes, and the bk was Dn Quixte（《堂吉诃德》）. And the stry pses an interesting questin: why d sme peple discver new vitality and creativity t the end f their days, while thers g t seed lng befre?
We’ve all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can’t all get there. I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.
52. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. End ne’s struggle fr liberty.
B. Waste ne’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the pprtunity t succeed.
D. Lse the interest t cntinue learning.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can’t all get there. I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run ut f steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模）
The wrld is getting greener, accrding t a new study published in Nature this week.
Chi Chen, lead authr f the study, and his clleagues have been mining data cllected by an rbiting NASA camera that mnitrs green vegetatin n Earth’s surface, day by day. Even mre interesting: They are able t shw the exact causes f increasing r decreasing leaf cver in particular areas.
In sme cld places, increase in leaf cver apparently resulted frm glbal warming. Since the climate is becming mre and mre temperate and the grwing seasn is getting lnger and lnger, the plants are grwing bigger and leafier there.
1．Which f the fllwing best explains the underlined wrd “temperate” in paragraph 3?
A．Warm.B．Wet.
C．CldD．Dry.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据画线词前“In sme cld places, increase in leaf cver apparently resulted frm glbal warming(在一些寒冷的地方，植被覆盖的增加明显是由全球变暖引起的)”及后面的“and the grwing seasn is getting lnger and lnger, the plants are grwing bigger and leafier there(生长季节变得越来越长，那里的植物长得越来越大，叶子也越来越多)”可知，植物长得越来越大，叶子也越来越多是因为气候变暖，因此画线词temperate意为“暖和的”，即Warm，故选A。
（2022·河北石家庄·一模）
30 years later, Bb and his wife, Jill Welch, decided t turn their wedding int a fundraiser fr the Make-A-Wish Fundatin. Their wedding guests financed tw wishes fr lcal children, mre being planned. Many dnated generusly t the cause, spending mre, perhaps, than they might have if it was just t buy the cuple a wedding gift like fine china r a kitchen appliance. Bb said their wedding dnatin t the Make-A-Wish Fundatin isn’t ging t be “ne and dne”. The tw plan n cntinuing t cntribute ging frward.
37．What des the underlined part “ne and dne” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Once-nly.B．Nn-stp.C．Sizable.D．Persnal.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“The tw plan n cntinuing t cntribute ging frward.”可知，二人计划继续做贡献，这说明他们的婚礼募捐不会“一劳永逸”，与A项“Once-nly”同义，故选A。
（2022·河北张家口·一模）
In the late 1930s, a cllectin f 14 gld Rman cins, knwn as the Chapipi treasure, was als fund in the same wdlands. The researchers believe that lcal peple may have buried their cins t keep them safe during a perid f intense plitical instability in the regin. The mst recent cin in the newly-discvered Grad cllectin dates t A．D．430, which was after the Suebi—a grup f Germanic peple riginally frm mdern-day Germany and the Czech Republic—pushed the Rmans ut f Spain in A．D．409, accrding t El Pais.
11．What des the underlined wrd “them” refer t in Paragraph 4?
A．The Rmans.B．The cins.C．The wdlands.D．The researchers.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词所在句“The researchers believe that lcal peple may have buried their cins t keep them safe during a perid f intense plitical instability in the regin. (研究人员认为，在这一地区政治动荡的时期，当地人可能把硬币埋了起来，以保证它们的安全)”可知，them指代句中的their cins。故选B项。
（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）
Besides, 10% f rich cuntries greenhuse gas emissins cme frm fd that was grwn and never eaten. Fd waste nt nly cntributes t climate change, but als fd insecurity and extreme pverty. As stated abve, in the greatest fd wasting cuntries, there are laws that cnfine prduce frm being dnated t peple in need.
15．What des the underlined wrd “cnfine” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Refuse.B．Restrict.C．Cntact.D．Prtect.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“And the fd that desn’t meet these standards is thrwn away. There are incredibly strict laws abut fd dnatin that actually makes it illegal t dnate fd that desn’t meet standards that are similar t thse f the grcery stre as well as laws that restrict this fd frm being used as animal feed.(不符合这些标准的食物就会被扔掉。关于食品捐赠有非常严格的法律规定，捐赠不符合食品杂货店标准的食品是违法的，法律还限制这些食品被用作动物饲料)”以及画线词上文“in the greatest fd wasting cuntries”和后文“prduce frm being dnated t peple in need”可知，在粮食浪费最严重的国家，法律限制将农产品捐赠给有需要的人。故画线词意思是“限制”。A. Refuse.拒绝；B. Restrict.限制；C. Cntact.联系；D. Prtect.保护。故选B。
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
The ygurt that’ s past its sell-by date. The banana in yur lunch that turned brwn. The leftvers in the fridge that yu frgt t eat. Fr mst peple, all that fd ges right int the garbage can.
Eight t ten percent f glbal greenhuse gas emissins (放) are related t fd waste, accrding t a reprt by the U. N.’s Intergvernmental Panel n Climate Change. “When yu thrw away an egg r a sandwich,” says Yvette Cabrera, fd waste vice directr at the Natural Resurces Defense Cuncil ( N. R. D．C．) ,“yu’ re als thrwing away all the resurces that went int prducing thse things.”
That includes nt nly all the water, land, and fertilizer (化肥) that went int prducing that fd, but als the massive amunts f fssil fuels used t pwer the farms, transprt the fd, and create the packaging.
30．What des the underlined wrd “That” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The leftvers in the fridge.B．The packaging fr prducts.
C．The thrwn egg r sandwich.D．The resurces t prduce fd.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据上文第二段末““When yu thrw away an egg r a sandwich,” says Yvette Cabrera, “yu’ re als thrwing away all the resurces that went int prducing thse things.”（ Yvette Cabrera说道，‘当你扔掉一个鸡蛋或者三明治的时候，你也同样将制作这些东西的所有资源扔掉了’）”以及本句“That includes nt nly all the water, land, and fertilizer (化肥) that went int prducing that fd,（这不仅包括所有制作食物所需的水、土地以及化肥，）”可知，此处的that指代前文所提到的制作这些东西的资源，故选D。
（2022·宁夏·银川一中一模）
The Yawa technlgy is an example f best practice in the circular ecnmy. Materials used t build the machine are recyclable. The technlgy is even being adjusted t lcal air quality, a respnse t the challenges caused by air pllutin. But mst imprtantly, the technlgy can be used, wned and repaired by the cmmunities it serves, even if they are nt clear n the science behind it.
“When I was first testing this technlgy in different rural cmmunities, I spent a lt f time explaining the technical aspects f it,” Hidalg said. “At ne pint a wman stpped me and lked me in the eye and said, ‘Yung man, I just want water.’ And that changed smething inside f me, and I knew that I had t keep things simple.”
39．What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 imply?
A．The wman didn’t trust Yawa.
B．The wman badly needed water.
C．The science behind Yawa was cmplex.
D．The test n Yawa was disappinting.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。由第四段中的““When I was first testing this technlgy in different rural cmmunities, I spent a lt f time explaining the technical aspects f it,” Hidalg said. (“当我第一次在不同的农村社区测试这项技术时，我花了很多时间解释它的技术方面，”伊达尔戈说)”可知，Max Hidalg花了很多时间向村民解释这项技术的原理；画线句后“And that changed smething inside f me, and I knew that I had t keep things simple. (这改变了我的内心，我知道我必须保持简单)”可知，那位女士的话“Yung man, I just want water.(年轻人，我只想要水)”表明之前Yawa技术背后的科学原理很复杂，人们很难理解，所以Max Hidalg才决定让事情变得简单。故选C项。
（2022·北京丰台·一模）
One explanatin fr this strng statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and peple have limited resurces fr it. At the cre is the effrt that peple are willing t invest cllectively t travel t certain lcatins, trying t ptimize their days.
5．What des the underlined wrd “ptimize” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Slw dwn.B．Keep a recrd f.
C．Think back n.D．Make the mst f.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“One explanatin fr this strng statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and peple have limited resurces fr it. (这种深刻的统计模式的一种解释是，行走需要时间和精力，而人们的资源有限。)”可知，人们的资源、时间和精力有限，所以人们要使他们的一天达到最优化的效果。故推知ptimize的意思是“使最优化”与make the mst f意义一致，故选D。
（2022·河南·许昌市普通教育教学研究室二模）
Nesmith rarely rejined the thers fr reunin turs, leading many t believe he disliked the band and the shw, smething he steadfastly denied. Fr the Mnkees’30th anniversary he persuaded the thers t reunite t recrd a new album, “Justus,” fr which all fur cmpsed the sngs and played the instruments. He als rejined the thers fr a brief tur and wrte and directed their 1997 TV reunin film, “Hey, Hey, It's the Mnkees.”
17．What des “a brief tur” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．A fast trip.B．A shrt hliday.
C．A rad shw.D．A temprary party.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据上文“Fr the Mnkees’30th anniversary he persuaded the thers t reunite t recrd a new album, “Justus,” fr which all fur cmpsed the sngs and played the instruments.( 为了纪念门基乐队30周年，他说服其他乐队成员重新组合，录制了一张新专辑《Justus》，四人共同创作歌曲并演奏乐器。)”可知，他还和其他人一起进行了一次巡回演出，庆祝乐队成立30周年。a brief tur意为“巡回演出”。故选C。
（2022·河北邯郸·一模）
Plastic tubes hk up t the taps and cnnect them t ne anther. The sap flws int a cllectin tank in the wds. Frm the cllectin tank, the Gagnes pump the sap int a ma-chine t remve a lt f the sap’s water.Then it’s mved int an evapratr in a building called “sugar huse”. The Gagnes make a fire ut f maple wd chips. The fire heats the sap and bils it. When it reaches 219 degrees, the syrup is ready t be made.
Syrup is pured int glass r plastic bttles. But 150 years ag, sugar makers used tin cans. These cntainers culd prevent syrup frm seeping ut and allwed them t ship it far frm hme and helped maple becme a big business.
21．What des the underlined wrd “seeping” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Breaking.B．Blwing.C．Lking.D．Leaking.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题，根据画线词上文“These cntainers culd prevent syrup frm”以及后文“allwed them t ship it far frm hme”可知，这些容器可以防止糖浆渗漏，便于他们将糖浆运到远离家乡的地方，故seep意为“渗漏，渗”。A. Breaking打破；B. Blwing吹；C. Lking看；D. Leaking渗漏。故选D。
（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）
Peple’s sensitivity t bld sugar is als dampened when they’re tired, the study fund, which suggests thse wh dn’t sleep well are at higher risk f type 2 diabetes. “We saw that the fatty tissue is attempting t increase its capacity t stre fat fllwing sleep lss.” said Dr Cedernaes, “And we bserved signs f breakdwn f skeletal muscle. We als nted changes in levels f prteins invlved handling bld glucse. This culd help explain why the participants’ glucse sensitivity was impaired fllwing sleep lss.”
33．What des the underlined wrd “dampened” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Decreased.B．Transfrmed.
C．Transmitted.D．Prmted.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据第四段的第一句话“Peple’s sensitivity t bld sugar is als dampened when they’re tired, the study fund, which suggests thse wh dn’t sleep well are at higher risk f type 2 diabetes. （研究表明，当人们感觉到疲惫时，他们的血糖敏感性就会dampened，这也就表明睡眠不好的那些人患2型糖尿病的风险更高。）”中的which suggests可知，此句解释前文，此句说明人们在睡眠不足时，患2型糖尿病的风险更高，所以前文人们的血糖敏感性是受到了睡眠缺失的影响，因此敏感性下降，故选A。
表否定
dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, nn-, un-等
表其他的
anti- (反对；抵抗), aut- (自动), c- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等
表名词
-(e)r/ -r (从事某事的人)， -ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tin(动作；过程)等
表动词
-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)
表副词
有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)
表形容词
-al，-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)， -ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-us，-sme，-y (表示天气)
【命题趋势】
词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应的词。只要找到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！
【重要考向】
一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；
二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；
考向一
识别词义猜测题
【典例】
【2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
【词义猜测题型提分秘籍】
了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式
(1) 代词类猜词题
The underlined wrd "them" in Paragraph 2 refers t_______.
The underlined wrd “it" in Para. 4 refers t _______.
(2) 其他类猜测题
What des the wrd X (in Paragraph X) mean?
What des the underlined wrd X mean?
What can we learn frm the underlined sentence?
The underlined wrd X prbably means _______.
考向二
词义猜测题解题方法
【典例】
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins (企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
【词义猜测题提分秘籍】
1. 代词类猜词题做题方法
第一步：优先看划线句
第二步：前指向性
第三步：代词单复数线索
2. 其他类猜词题做题方法
根据构词法：通过转化、合成、词根词缀等
词根词缀
常见前缀：
前缀作用：通常前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性
常见后缀：
后缀作用：通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性
(3) 因果法 —— 根据因果关系
常见表示因果的词汇：because, fr, as, since, fr the reasn that, cnsidering that
(4) 并列法 —— 根据并列顺承关系
常见的并列词：and, as well as, nt nly…but als…, tgether/alng with, when/while
(5) 转折法 ——根据转折关系
常见表示转折的词汇：while, nt, but, hwever, yet, therwise, thugh, despite, in spite f , in cntrast, instead f, rather than
【2022年全国乙卷C篇】
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspectin and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
【2022年1月浙江卷A篇】
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana,Washingtn and Oregn,she says prudly.If she wants t visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transprt needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven thrugh 55 mph winds in Wyming , heavy flding and strms in Alabama and ttal whiteut cnditins in Kansas.
22.The wrd “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire t_?
A.make mney. B.try varius jbs.
C.be clse t nature. D.travel t different places.
【参考答案】
猜测词义题。根据第一段It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana, Washingtn and Oregn, she says prudly. 意思为：她很骄傲的说,这个工作带她到了全美国除蒙大拿,华盛顿,俄勒冈以外的所有的州。可知，她很喜欢到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This wanderlust is inherited frm her father, she says. He mved their family frm Canada t Califrnia when she was ne year ld, because he wanted them t explre a new place tgether. 遗传自她的父亲也喜欢探索新地方。故答案选D。
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
【参考答案】
C词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfrtunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Exprt出口；C. Destry破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit.B. Argue.
C. Remember.D. Remark.
【参考答案】
A 词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“cncede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】
“The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins,” she said. “Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains.”
29. What des the underlined wrd “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Difference.B. Cnflict.
C. Balance. D. Cnnectin.
【参考答案】
A 词义猜测题 根据Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. 可知，黑猩猩手势传递的信息的意义，并没有超出其他动物通过非语言方式传达的含义，因此和人类的语言交流方式还是存在差异。gulf在此意为“差异”。
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
9. What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
A. Be careful!B. Well dne!C. N way!D. Dn't wrry!
【参考答案】
B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。
【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag, film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself "marketing directr fr Nature". He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
26. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "charts" in paragraph 2
A. recrds B. predicts C. delays D. cnfirms
【参考答案】
A 词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词前面的句子“He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature a brand t be marketed t yung peple”可知其中的“dcumented”意为“记录”。因此，结合划线词后面的“the birth f the Wild Netwrk ”可知，他的纪录片记录了一个组织的诞生，顾“charts”意为“记录”，故选A。
【2021天津卷3月阅读理解B篇】
The pignancy f Jrdan retiring frm his belved basketball t play baseball and what had pushed him t make such a tugh decisin tk me by surprise. As I watched him take ff his basketball unifrm and replace it with a baseball unifrm, I saw him leaving behind the layer that n lnger served him, just as ur lizard had. Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. But they had t live with wh they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.
43. The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understd as .
A. letting g f the pastB. lking fr a new jb
C. getting rid f a bad habitD. giving up an pprtunity
【参考答案】
A词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. But they had t live with wh they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.(他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是“放开过去”。故选A。
【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifts, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it’s yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
26. What des the underlined wrd ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. Debt.B. Reward.C. Allwance.D. Face value.
【参考答案】
B词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
6. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. “The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species（物种）.It’s destrying the envirnment. It’s them r us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check fr decades，but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
30. What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Bmed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
【参考答案】
D词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词cllapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
7. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
33. What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B. Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C. Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D. A clser bnd develped with the readers.
【参考答案】
B词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew lder and became a mther可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and bks were ur main surce (来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
8. 【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】
Yet "Apes" is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants," "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper," have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
26. What des the underlined phrase "keeping tabs n" in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Listing cmpletely.B. Directing prfessinally.
C. Prmting successfully.D. Watching carefully.
【参考答案】
D词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants," "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper," have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
9. 【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解C篇】
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
9. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t? （ ）
A. Develping a serius mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
【参考答案】
D词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins（份）, it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
13. What des the underlined wrd "beanples" in paragraph 1 refer t? （ ）
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persns.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persns.
【参考答案】
D词义猜测题。根据前半句“And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanples with big appetites。由cntrary t可推断出，画线词和heavier peple（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier peple正好相反。故选D。
1【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
But he’s nervus.＂I’m here t tell yu tday why yu shuld … shuld…＂Chris trips n the＂-ld,＂a prnunciatin difficulty fr many nn-native English speakers. His teacher, Thmas Whaley, is next t him, whispering supprt.＂…Vte fr …me …＂Except fr sme stumbles, Chris is ding amazingly well. When he brings his speech t a nice cnclusin, Whaley invites the rest f the class t praise him.
25. What des the underlined wrd ＂stumbles＂ in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Imprper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jkes.
【参考答案】
A词义猜测题 根据第二段t tell yu tday why yu shuld … shuld … Chris trips n the …可知Chris因为紧张，演讲时说话有点磕巴，故此处stumbles指不恰当的停顿。
1【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
I guess that there's prbably sme demanding wrk schedule, r scial anxiety arund stepping up t help fr an unknwn sprt. She may just need a little persuading. S I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mentin the single parent with fur kids running the shw and I talk abut the dad caching a team that his kids aren’t even n… At this pint the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I’ll d it."
25. What des the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Encurage team wrk.B. Appeal t feelings.
C. Prmte gd deeds.D. Prvide advice.
【参考答案】
B 词义猜测题 heartstrings是由heart + strings组成，可知此短语与心情有关。由上文可知，作者猜测这位家长对于参与一项不熟悉的运动可能有一些顾虑，作者需要说服她。由I mentin the single parent with fur kids running the shw and I talk abut the dad caching a team that his kids aren’t even n.可知，作者提到了一位有四个孩子的单亲家长负责该活动；一位爸爸即便自己孩子没有加入球队，也给该球队执教。由此可猜测出作者是想从感情上打动这位家长。
1【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】
"China is impssible t verlk," says Hill. "Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver the wrld, which means Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin — they are central t its mvement. "Of curse, nly are tday's tp Western designers being influenced by China — sme f the best designers f cntemprary fashin are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jasn Wu are taking n Galian, Albaz, Marc Jacbs-and beating them hands dwn in design and sales," adds Hill.
26.What d the underlined wrds"taking n" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning frmB. lking dwn n C. wrking withD. cmpeting against
【参考答案】
D 词义猜测题 根据第四段最后一句 … beating them hands dwn in design and sales可知，Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jasn Wu这些人在设计和销售方面毫不费劲地打败了传统时尚大牌。故选D项。
1【2019天津卷阅读理解D篇】
The bk turns ut t be ne that has appealed t the wrld fr mre than 350 years. That frmer prisner was Cervantes, and the bk was Dn Quixte（《堂吉诃德》）. And the stry pses an interesting questin: why d sme peple discver new vitality and creativity t the end f their days, while thers g t seed lng befre?
We’ve all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can’t all get there. I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.
52. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. End ne’s struggle fr liberty.
B. Waste ne’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the pprtunity t succeed.
D. Lse the interest t cntinue learning.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can’t all get there. I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run ut f steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模）
The wrld is getting greener, accrding t a new study published in Nature this week.
Chi Chen, lead authr f the study, and his clleagues have been mining data cllected by an rbiting NASA camera that mnitrs green vegetatin n Earth’s surface, day by day. Even mre interesting: They are able t shw the exact causes f increasing r decreasing leaf cver in particular areas.
In sme cld places, increase in leaf cver apparently resulted frm glbal warming. Since the climate is becming mre and mre temperate and the grwing seasn is getting lnger and lnger, the plants are grwing bigger and leafier there.
1．Which f the fllwing best explains the underlined wrd “temperate” in paragraph 3?
A．Warm.B．Wet.
C．CldD．Dry.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据画线词前“In sme cld places, increase in leaf cver apparently resulted frm glbal warming(在一些寒冷的地方，植被覆盖的增加明显是由全球变暖引起的)”及后面的“and the grwing seasn is getting lnger and lnger, the plants are grwing bigger and leafier there(生长季节变得越来越长，那里的植物长得越来越大，叶子也越来越多)”可知，植物长得越来越大，叶子也越来越多是因为气候变暖，因此画线词temperate意为“暖和的”，即Warm，故选A。
（2022·河北石家庄·一模）
30 years later, Bb and his wife, Jill Welch, decided t turn their wedding int a fundraiser fr the Make-A-Wish Fundatin. Their wedding guests financed tw wishes fr lcal children, mre being planned. Many dnated generusly t the cause, spending mre, perhaps, than they might have if it was just t buy the cuple a wedding gift like fine china r a kitchen appliance. Bb said their wedding dnatin t the Make-A-Wish Fundatin isn’t ging t be “ne and dne”. The tw plan n cntinuing t cntribute ging frward.
37．What des the underlined part “ne and dne” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Once-nly.B．Nn-stp.C．Sizable.D．Persnal.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“The tw plan n cntinuing t cntribute ging frward.”可知，二人计划继续做贡献，这说明他们的婚礼募捐不会“一劳永逸”，与A项“Once-nly”同义，故选A。
（2022·河北张家口·一模）
In the late 1930s, a cllectin f 14 gld Rman cins, knwn as the Chapipi treasure, was als fund in the same wdlands. The researchers believe that lcal peple may have buried their cins t keep them safe during a perid f intense plitical instability in the regin. The mst recent cin in the newly-discvered Grad cllectin dates t A．D．430, which was after the Suebi—a grup f Germanic peple riginally frm mdern-day Germany and the Czech Republic—pushed the Rmans ut f Spain in A．D．409, accrding t El Pais.
11．What des the underlined wrd “them” refer t in Paragraph 4?
A．The Rmans.B．The cins.C．The wdlands.D．The researchers.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词所在句“The researchers believe that lcal peple may have buried their cins t keep them safe during a perid f intense plitical instability in the regin. (研究人员认为，在这一地区政治动荡的时期，当地人可能把硬币埋了起来，以保证它们的安全)”可知，them指代句中的their cins。故选B项。
（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）
Besides, 10% f rich cuntries greenhuse gas emissins cme frm fd that was grwn and never eaten. Fd waste nt nly cntributes t climate change, but als fd insecurity and extreme pverty. As stated abve, in the greatest fd wasting cuntries, there are laws that cnfine prduce frm being dnated t peple in need.
15．What des the underlined wrd “cnfine” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Refuse.B．Restrict.C．Cntact.D．Prtect.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“And the fd that desn’t meet these standards is thrwn away. There are incredibly strict laws abut fd dnatin that actually makes it illegal t dnate fd that desn’t meet standards that are similar t thse f the grcery stre as well as laws that restrict this fd frm being used as animal feed.(不符合这些标准的食物就会被扔掉。关于食品捐赠有非常严格的法律规定，捐赠不符合食品杂货店标准的食品是违法的，法律还限制这些食品被用作动物饲料)”以及画线词上文“in the greatest fd wasting cuntries”和后文“prduce frm being dnated t peple in need”可知，在粮食浪费最严重的国家，法律限制将农产品捐赠给有需要的人。故画线词意思是“限制”。A. Refuse.拒绝；B. Restrict.限制；C. Cntact.联系；D. Prtect.保护。故选B。
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
The ygurt that’ s past its sell-by date. The banana in yur lunch that turned brwn. The leftvers in the fridge that yu frgt t eat. Fr mst peple, all that fd ges right int the garbage can.
Eight t ten percent f glbal greenhuse gas emissins (放) are related t fd waste, accrding t a reprt by the U. N.’s Intergvernmental Panel n Climate Change. “When yu thrw away an egg r a sandwich,” says Yvette Cabrera, fd waste vice directr at the Natural Resurces Defense Cuncil ( N. R. D．C．) ,“yu’ re als thrwing away all the resurces that went int prducing thse things.”
That includes nt nly all the water, land, and fertilizer (化肥) that went int prducing that fd, but als the massive amunts f fssil fuels used t pwer the farms, transprt the fd, and create the packaging.
30．What des the underlined wrd “That” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The leftvers in the fridge.B．The packaging fr prducts.
C．The thrwn egg r sandwich.D．The resurces t prduce fd.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据上文第二段末““When yu thrw away an egg r a sandwich,” says Yvette Cabrera, “yu’ re als thrwing away all the resurces that went int prducing thse things.”（ Yvette Cabrera说道，‘当你扔掉一个鸡蛋或者三明治的时候，你也同样将制作这些东西的所有资源扔掉了’）”以及本句“That includes nt nly all the water, land, and fertilizer (化肥) that went int prducing that fd,（这不仅包括所有制作食物所需的水、土地以及化肥，）”可知，此处的that指代前文所提到的制作这些东西的资源，故选D。
（2022·宁夏·银川一中一模）
The Yawa technlgy is an example f best practice in the circular ecnmy. Materials used t build the machine are recyclable. The technlgy is even being adjusted t lcal air quality, a respnse t the challenges caused by air pllutin. But mst imprtantly, the technlgy can be used, wned and repaired by the cmmunities it serves, even if they are nt clear n the science behind it.
“When I was first testing this technlgy in different rural cmmunities, I spent a lt f time explaining the technical aspects f it,” Hidalg said. “At ne pint a wman stpped me and lked me in the eye and said, ‘Yung man, I just want water.’ And that changed smething inside f me, and I knew that I had t keep things simple.”
39．What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 imply?
A．The wman didn’t trust Yawa.
B．The wman badly needed water.
C．The science behind Yawa was cmplex.
D．The test n Yawa was disappinting.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。由第四段中的““When I was first testing this technlgy in different rural cmmunities, I spent a lt f time explaining the technical aspects f it,” Hidalg said. (“当我第一次在不同的农村社区测试这项技术时，我花了很多时间解释它的技术方面，”伊达尔戈说)”可知，Max Hidalg花了很多时间向村民解释这项技术的原理；画线句后“And that changed smething inside f me, and I knew that I had t keep things simple. (这改变了我的内心，我知道我必须保持简单)”可知，那位女士的话“Yung man, I just want water.(年轻人，我只想要水)”表明之前Yawa技术背后的科学原理很复杂，人们很难理解，所以Max Hidalg才决定让事情变得简单。故选C项。
（2022·北京丰台·一模）
One explanatin fr this strng statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and peple have limited resurces fr it. At the cre is the effrt that peple are willing t invest cllectively t travel t certain lcatins, trying t ptimize their days.
5．What des the underlined wrd “ptimize” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Slw dwn.B．Keep a recrd f.
C．Think back n.D．Make the mst f.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“One explanatin fr this strng statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and peple have limited resurces fr it. (这种深刻的统计模式的一种解释是，行走需要时间和精力，而人们的资源有限。)”可知，人们的资源、时间和精力有限，所以人们要使他们的一天达到最优化的效果。故推知ptimize的意思是“使最优化”与make the mst f意义一致，故选D。
（2022·河南·许昌市普通教育教学研究室二模）
Nesmith rarely rejined the thers fr reunin turs, leading many t believe he disliked the band and the shw, smething he steadfastly denied. Fr the Mnkees’30th anniversary he persuaded the thers t reunite t recrd a new album, “Justus,” fr which all fur cmpsed the sngs and played the instruments. He als rejined the thers fr a brief tur and wrte and directed their 1997 TV reunin film, “Hey, Hey, It's the Mnkees.”
17．What des “a brief tur” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．A fast trip.B．A shrt hliday.
C．A rad shw.D．A temprary party.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据上文“Fr the Mnkees’30th anniversary he persuaded the thers t reunite t recrd a new album, “Justus,” fr which all fur cmpsed the sngs and played the instruments.( 为了纪念门基乐队30周年，他说服其他乐队成员重新组合，录制了一张新专辑《Justus》，四人共同创作歌曲并演奏乐器。)”可知，他还和其他人一起进行了一次巡回演出，庆祝乐队成立30周年。a brief tur意为“巡回演出”。故选C。
（2022·河北邯郸·一模）
Plastic tubes hk up t the taps and cnnect them t ne anther. The sap flws int a cllectin tank in the wds. Frm the cllectin tank, the Gagnes pump the sap int a ma-chine t remve a lt f the sap’s water.Then it’s mved int an evapratr in a building called “sugar huse”. The Gagnes make a fire ut f maple wd chips. The fire heats the sap and bils it. When it reaches 219 degrees, the syrup is ready t be made.
Syrup is pured int glass r plastic bttles. But 150 years ag, sugar makers used tin cans. These cntainers culd prevent syrup frm seeping ut and allwed them t ship it far frm hme and helped maple becme a big business.
21．What des the underlined wrd “seeping” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Breaking.B．Blwing.C．Lking.D．Leaking.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题，根据画线词上文“These cntainers culd prevent syrup frm”以及后文“allwed them t ship it far frm hme”可知，这些容器可以防止糖浆渗漏，便于他们将糖浆运到远离家乡的地方，故seep意为“渗漏，渗”。A. Breaking打破；B. Blwing吹；C. Lking看；D. Leaking渗漏。故选D。
（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）
Peple’s sensitivity t bld sugar is als dampened when they’re tired, the study fund, which suggests thse wh dn’t sleep well are at higher risk f type 2 diabetes. “We saw that the fatty tissue is attempting t increase its capacity t stre fat fllwing sleep lss.” said Dr Cedernaes, “And we bserved signs f breakdwn f skeletal muscle. We als nted changes in levels f prteins invlved handling bld glucse. This culd help explain why the participants’ glucse sensitivity was impaired fllwing sleep lss.”
33．What des the underlined wrd “dampened” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Decreased.B．Transfrmed.
C．Transmitted.D．Prmted.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据第四段的第一句话“Peple’s sensitivity t bld sugar is als dampened when they’re tired, the study fund, which suggests thse wh dn’t sleep well are at higher risk f type 2 diabetes. （研究表明，当人们感觉到疲惫时，他们的血糖敏感性就会dampened，这也就表明睡眠不好的那些人患2型糖尿病的风险更高。）”中的which suggests可知，此句解释前文，此句说明人们在睡眠不足时，患2型糖尿病的风险更高，所以前文人们的血糖敏感性是受到了睡眠缺失的影响，因此敏感性下降，故选A。
表否定
dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, nn-, un-等
表其他的
anti- (反对；抵抗), aut- (自动), c- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等
表名词
-(e)r/ -r (从事某事的人)， -ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tin(动作；过程)等
表动词
-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)
表副词
有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)
表形容词
-al，-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)， -ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-us，-sme，-y (表示天气)
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