高考英语语法词汇专项突破：03强调句型重难点及其考点设置解读+巩固训练+答案

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：03强调句型重难点及其考点设置解读+巩固训练+答案，共8页。

【考点导航】
【考例1】（2018·天津）It was nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
答案与解析：B。考查强调句。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ wh(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse。故选B。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。
【考例2】（2018年天津3月卷，15）What was it brught yu tw tgether? Was it yur lve f music?
A．as B．wh C．that D．which
答案与解析：C。特殊疑问句的强调句型：疑问代词/疑问副词+is/was+it+that/wh+其他成分。句意：是什么把你们两个聚在一起的，是你们对音乐的热爱吗？
【考例3】（2017·天津卷）It was when I gt back t my apartment ______ I first came acrss my new neighbrs.
A. wh B. where C. which D. that
答案与解析：D。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选D。句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。
【考例4】（2016年天津6月卷，13） Yu are waiting at a wrng place. It is at the htel _____________ the cach picks up turists.
A. wh B. which C. where D. that
答案与解析：D。判断是否为强调句是将 it 和 be 还有 that (wh) 去掉后看剩下的部分是否为一个独立的句子，而本句中剩下的部分构成一个完整的句子，故为强调句。强调句的关系词有that、wh、whm，而只有在当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 wh，故此处应填 that。故正确答案为D。
【强调句型重难点解读】
先请看一道XXXX年福建省高考试题及其解析：
（福建XXXX） It was with great jy ______ he received the news that his lst daughter had been fund.
A. because B. which C. since D. that D
解析：如果我们把句中的it, was和横线部分都去掉，那么句子剩下 部分可以调整为：He received the news that his lst daughter had been fund with great jy,调整后的句子无论是语法还是意义都正确，因可以说是强调句型。其中的介词部分with great jy是被强调部分，即强调状语。当然同学们对强调句型的结构应该知道。
强调句型又称为分裂句，它频频出现于高考试题之中，足以说明它不仅是中学英语教学的重难点，更是高考热点句型。本文拟结合历年高考从以下五个方面阐述，为了节省篇幅，所选用高考试题的大部分都省去了被选项。
句型结构
句型结构是：It + be +被强调部分+ that (wh/whm) + 原句剩余部分,被强调部分指人时也可以用wh等。如：
1. (NMETXXXX) It was abut 600 years ag that the first clck with a face and an hur hand was made.
2. (上海XXXX) It was in XXXX that I graduated frm the university.
句型中的it无实意，由于it处在主语的位置，所以be动词只用单数形式。句型中的连词用that(在口语中可以见到that省掉的现象)，指人时还可以用wh，如果被强调部分是宾语，还可以用whm，如果引导词前有介词，则只可以用whm，如：
1. It is my daughter wh/ that/ whm I feel prud f.
2. It was my sister t whm I ffered $50 fr her dictinary last year.
be动词前还可以用情态动词。如：
It must be yur wife wh/ that/ whm yu are thinking f.
It must have been my cusin that yu saw in the pst ffice.
被强调成分
强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的绝大部分成分，如主语、宾语、宾语补足语及状语等，但是不可以强调谓语等成份。如：
The Chinese President annunced the pening f the 11th Chinese Natinal Games in Jinan，Shandng Prvince, n Oct. 16, XXXX. 10月16日，国家主席在山东济南宣布第十一届全运会开幕。
→ It was Chinese President Hu Jinta that (wh) annunced the pening f the 11th Chinese Natinal Games in Jinan，Shandng Prvince, n Oct. 16, XXXX. (强调主语)
→It was the pening f the 11th Chinese Natinal Games that Chinese President Hu Jinta annunced in Jinan，Shandng Prvince, n Oct. 16, XXXX. (强调宾语)
→It was in Jinan，Shandng Prvince that Chinese President Hu Jinta annunced the pening f the 11th Chinese Natinal Games n Oct. 16, XXXX. (强调地点状语)
→It was n Oct. 16, XXXX that Chinese President Hu Jinta annunced the pening f the 11th Chinese Natinal Games in Jinan，Shandng Prvince. (强调时间状语)
1.（上海春招XXXX）It was nly with the help f the lcal guide ______.
A. was the muntain climber rescued *B. that the muntain climber was rescued
C. when the muntain climber rescued D. then the muntain climber rescued (key: B 强调方式状语)
(NMETXXXX) It was nly when I reread his pems recently that I began t appreciate their beauty. （强调时间状语）
It was chairman f cmmittee that they elected him. （强调宾补）
(上海XXXX) Was it yu that I saw last night at the cncert? （强调宾语）
It was at the airprt that yur sister saw me ff yesterday. （强调地点状语）
（上海春招XXXX）It was fr this reasn that her uncle mved ut f New Yrk and settled dwn in a small village. (强调原因状语)
但是，下列成分一般不可以被强调：
（1）谓语动词，如确需强调的，要用助动词d，如：
(上海XXXX) An awful accident ______, hwever, ccur the ther day.
A. des B. did C. has t D. had t (key B)
（2）让步状语和比较状语，如不能说：
It was althugh it was raining that Mary went ut.(×)
It is than Peter that yur brther is taller. (×)
（3）表语，如不能说：
It is a teacher wh I am. ( 但偶尔也有强调表语的，只是不太常用)
（4）since或as引导的状语从句，如确需强调的，要把since或as改成because，如不说：
It is since yu are here that we begin ur class. (×)
关于强调否定句的until从句或until短语
对否定句的until从句或until短语进行强调时，要把否定词nt放在until之前，实际上就是把强调句型变成了否定形式。如：
1. (湖北XXXX) It was ______ back hme after the experiment.
A. nt until midnight did he g B. until midnight that he didn’t g
C. nt until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t g (key: C.)
(METXXXX) It was nt ______ she tk ff her dark glasses _____ I realized she was a film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; when (key: B)
(上海XXXX) It was nt until his father came in that the by began t prepare his lessns.
疑问句的两种形式
1. 一般疑问句形式就是直接把was或情态动词等置于句首。如：
1) (上海XXXX) Was it in 1969 that the American astrnaut succeeded in landing n the mn?
2) (METXXXX) Was it during the Secnd Wrld War that he died?
3) (上海XXXX) Wasn’t it Dr Wang wh spke t yu just nw?
4) (上海XXXX) Was ______ that I saw last night at the cncert?
A. it yu B. nt yu C. yu D. that yurself （key: A）
2. 特殊疑问句即对特殊疑问词进行强调，结构是：“特殊疑问词+ be+ it +that(wh) +原句剩余部分”，即把被强调的特殊疑问词置于句首，后跟一般疑问句。如：
1) (上海XXXX) Why! I have nthing t cnfess. _____ yu want me t say?
A. What is it that B. What it is that C. Hw is it that D. Hw it is that （key: A）
2) (上海春招XXXX) Hw can it be that he was late fr the pening ceremny?
3）Where was it that he fund the pancake?
4）Wh was it that taught yu English ten years ag?
强调句型鉴别方法及相似句型比较
强调句型是通过“It+ be …that….”对句子的某一成分强调，如果把此框架结构去掉，则句意仍然十分清楚，即仍然是一个语法和意义都很通顺的句子，只不过语气平淡些。也就是说，如果一个句子中的it+ be及that删掉之后，不能还原成一个语法和意义都通顺的句子，它就不是强调句型。如：
强调句：It was in Beijing that I first met him.
除去强调句型的框架后则还原成：I first met him in Beijing.
该句仍然正确。试比较：
It is/ was + 表语+ that从句
如：It is necessary that we shuld master a freign language.
如果把句中的It be…that…删掉，则该句就成了：We shuld master a freign language necessary. 这样句子就不通了，因为本来句中的It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。
It is /was +过去分词（said/ reprted/thught/ suggested/ knwn/ annunced/ believed…）+that 从句
如：(NMETXXXX) It’s generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
本结构是被动语态，it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语，可译作：据说/ 椐报道/据认为/ 等等。
It + is+时间段+since+主语+谓语动词（过去时）
如：(METXXXX) --- What was the party like?
--- Wnderful. It has been years since I enjyed myself s much.
本句型中的be动词常用一般现在时，也可以用现在完成时，但since从句要用一般过去时，即主从句的时态不一致，而强调句型中的be动词与that从句中谓语动词的时态是基本一致的。
It is/ was/ will be+ 时间段+ befre sb. d/ did/ d
如：(XXXX上海) It wn’t be t lng befre she finds a suitable jb.
本句型的意思是“还有多少时间就……”，要求主从的时态要基本一致。
It is/was + 序数词+ that从句
如：(METXXXX) ---D yu knw ur twn at all?
--- N, this is the first time (that) I have been here.
本句型要求主从句的时态要一致，其中的it可以用this/ that代替；主句用is，从句用现在完成时，主句用was，从句用过去完成时。
综上所述，强调句型涉及到it用法、主谓一致、从句、时态等项目，也正是这一句型与众多的知识点有着千丝万缕的联系，对它考查可以起到以点带面的效果，那么屡次考到强调句型也就在情理之中了。
6. It + be+ 时间 ＋when引导的时间状语从句
容易把it作为强调句型的标志，关键是看表示时间的词是否可以独立作状语。如：
(NMETXXXX.改错.78题) It was abut nn we arrived at the ft f the muntain.
解析：本题重点考查强调句型与状语从句的区别，本句实际上是状语从句，在we前加上when，句意是“当我们到了山脚下的时候，时间大约是正午。”；但是好多同学把它当作是强调句型，结果加上了that，如果题中abut nn改成at nn，则为强调句型，句意是“是在正午的时候我们到的山脚下”。
综上所述，it在强调句型“It + be + 被强调部分 + that/ wh…”中无实义，该句型主要用来强调主语、宾语、状语等成分，但在使用本句型时要注意以下几点：1）强调句型中的it be及that/ wh去掉以后，剩下的部分仍然可以组成语法和意义通顺的句子。2) 强调部分是地点或时间时，不用where/ when取代that；3）作表语的形容词、目的状语、让步状语以及since/as引导的原因状语从句通常不可以被强调。4）要注意与it作为形式主语等句型的区别。 5）注意与It is +时间段+ since sb did sth； It will be +时间段+ befre…； It is +时间名词+when…等句型的区别。
【强调句型考点设置】
根据历年高考试题对于本句型的考查可以看出主要命题要点是：
一、考查对本句型结构的掌握，把it与that设置为备选项。如：
【考例1】(XXXX全国II) It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
A. that B. hw C. which D. when （选A）
【考例2】(XXXX浙江)--- He gt his first bk published. It turned ut t be a bestseller.
--- When was _____?
--- _____ was in 2000 when he was still in cllege.
A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It （选D）
二、被强调部分是表示时间和地点的名词时不能误用when和where。如：
【考例1】（XXXX天津）It was alng the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much f his childhd.
A. hw B. which C. that D. where （选C。注意干扰项D）
【考例2】（XXXX重庆）It was nt until midnight __ they reached the camp site.
A .that B. when C. while D. as （选A。注意干扰项B）
三、对nt…until句型强调。在强调句型中通常把nt until放在一起。如：
【考例】(XXXX江西) It was _____ he came bank frm Africa that year _________ he met the girl he wuld like t marry.
A. when; then B. nt; until C. nt until; that D. nly; when （选C）
四、强调句型中疑问句。一般疑问句构成是：Is(was) it….that…；特殊疑问句强调句型的构成是：特殊疑问词+be+it+that+句子的其他部分(用陈述语序)。如：
【典例】---- Hw was ______ they discvered the entrance t the undergrund palace?
---- Ttally by chance.
A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which （选A）
[答案与分析]A。本题为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：It was ttally by chance that they discvered the entrance t the undergrund palace.
五、与强调句型相似it be +时间名词+that/when/ befre等句型辨析。注意主语从句、定语从句、状语从句和强调句型的区别与联系。如：
【典例1】--- Wh are making s much nise in the garden?
---- ______ the children.
A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are
分析：A。答案是省略句，补全就是强调句型 It is the children wh are making s much nise 。
【典例2】It was lack f mney, nt f effrt, _____ defeated their plan.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
分析：C。由于句中插入了 nt f effrt这一成分，会误认为是定语从句，从而认为 that不引导非限制性定语从句，实际上为强调句型，被强调成分为 lack f mney, nt f effrt。
【典例3】Yu can’t imagine that it is quite sme time ______ we wrte t each ther.
A. that B. since C. when D. which
分析：B。句型it is …since，表示“自从….有多久”。句意是：你想象不出我们都有好长一段时间没有通信了。
六、考查对“It + be +被强调部分+ that/wh+ 原句剩余部分”强调句型中的that与what的辨析能力。
不要只看到what在句中可以作主语、宾语等成分，结果一见到缺少成分就想用what。可以先鉴别是否强调句型，方法如下：把it和be动词去掉，然后把剩下的成分重新还原，如果是意义和语法都比较通顺的句子，则是强调句型，那么就用that。如：
【考例】(上海XXXX) It is these pisnus prducts ______ can cause the symptms f the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
A. wh *B. that C. hw D. what
解析：去掉It is和“______”部分，则余下的句子是：“These pisnus prducts can cause…”,语法和意思都通顺，所以是强调句型，选B。
【考例】(NMETXXXX) It is the ability t d the jb ____ matters nt where yu cme frm r what yu are.
A. ne *B. that C. what D. it
七、强调句型的判断标准
判断是否是强调句型的标准是，把句子的it be that去掉后，如果句子的语法和意义很完整就是强调句型，否则就不是。如：
【典例】______ that caused him t serve dinner an hur later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was ur being late
C. It was we were t late D. It was because we were late
分析：B。该结构中的 it was… that…不能充当句子成分，句中的动词cause需要有自己的主语，还原成非强调句，即为：Our being late caused him t serve dinner an hur later than usual.，所以是强调句型。
【牛刀小试】从所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
1. It is the Natinal Games ____has cntributed a lt t the develpment f Chinese sprt in the past 50 years.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
2. It was with great jy _____ he received the news ______ his lst daughter had been fund.
A. because, when B. which, that C. since, hw D. that, that
3. As far as I knw, it is mre than twenty years _____ he jined the army.
A. that B. since C. when D. what
4._____ Father came back that we began t have supper last night.
A. It was nt until B. It was until C. Nt until was it D. Nt until it was
5. ----_______ that struck yu mst?
-----The sprtsmen's curage as well as their skills.
A. What it was B. It was what C. Was it what D. What was it
Keys: 1-5 CDBAD