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重庆市2023_2024学年高二英语上学期12月联考试题含解析
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这是一份重庆市2023_2024学年高二英语上学期12月联考试题含解析，共28页。试卷主要包含了 考试结束后，将答题卡交回等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、班级、考场/座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔填涂；答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔书写；必须在题号对应的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写无效；保持答卷清洁、完整。
3. 考试结束后，将答题卡交回(试题卷学生保存，以备评讲)。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30 分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题 1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the man asking abut?
A. An infrmatin file. B. A jb pprtunity. C. A phne number.
2. What des the man wear when he exercises in winter?
A. Jeans. B. Jgging shrts. C. Sweat pants.
3. What will the speakers eat tnight?
A. Chinese fd. B. Japanese fd. C. Mexican fd.
4 What des Sarah ffer t d fr Danny?
A. D his wrk. B. Help him clean. C. Take him t a garage.
5. Where des the cnversatin mst likely take place?
A. At the dentist's. B. At a supermarket. C. At the wman's hme.
第二节(共15 小题;每小题1.5分,满分 22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What des the wman want t d?
A. Give the man a lift. B. Sha re a taxi with the man. C. Meet the man at the airprt.
7. Why is the wman ging t Trnt?
A. T have an interview. B. T attend a meeting. C. T start a firm.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why is the wman relieved?
A. She finally gt a jb.
B. The mail has been sent ut.
C. Smene is ging t wrk this weekend..
9. What des the man want t d?
A. G ut in half an hur.
B. Meet the new emplyee.
C. Get an emplyee handbk.
听第8段材料，回答第 10至 12题。
10. Why des Gail decide t learn painting?
A. Her family helps her.
B. She has a talent fr it.
C. Her new jb gives her mre spare time.
11. Wh inspired Gail?
A. Her teacher. B. Her aunt. C. Her mther.
12. What did Gail just finish?
A. A painting f her family. B. A picture f a kid. C. A landscape.
听第9段材料,回答第 13 至 16题。
13. What did the speakers just d?
A. They visited sme prfessrs. B. They wrte a letter. C. They tk a test.
14. What is the wman's pinin n the test?
A. Lng. B. Necessary. C. Difficult.
15. Wh will the wman ask fr a recmmendatin letter?
A. Mr. Lawsn. B. Mrs. Smith. C. Mr. Jhnsn.
16. What des the man say abut Mrs. Smith?
A. She is the best teacher.
B. She will cntinue teaching next semester.
C. She seldm writes recmmendatin letters.
听第 10段材料, 回答第 17至 20题。
17. What is the talk mainly abut?
A. A turist destinatin. B. A travel plan. C. A dining experience.
18. Hw did the speaker knw abut the restaurant?
A. Frm the Internet. B. Frm his wife. C. Frm the htel clerk.
19. What happened t the speaker in the restaurant?
A. He culd nt find his wallet.
B. His wife made him embarrassed.
C. The seafd didn't agree with him.
20. When was the prblem reslved cmpletely?
A. On the same day. B. The next day. C. Tw days later.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The ebike has gained increasing ppularity amng peple, even the King being sptted riding ne. Accrding t the market research cmpany Mintel, sales f the ebikes have almst becme three times mre than the past five years. While ebikes have becme increasingly cmmn, they are still undubtedly expensive. Yu can pick up a perfectly sufficient push-bike fr £300, but mst ebikes cst nearly £2,000. Nw, Cycling Electric, designed t help cnsumers chse an ebike, ffers the fllwing recmmendatins.
Best flding bike: Carb Mdel X
Price: £2,799|Weight:13.3kg
Range: up t 34 miles
This is ne f the mst cnvenient bikes, frm a little-knwn label. The lightweight Carb X is the perfect example f cnvenience thanks t its carbn frame and belt drive, instead f a metal bike chain. This makes it lighter and less likely t get messy than an electric Brmptn, with its mre traditinal, il y chain.
Mst fashinable: Temple Cycles Classic
Price: frm £2,995|Weight: 19 kg
Range: up t 74 miles
This Bristl-based brand is knwn fr its elegant push-bikes, which are hand-built in the city.This is its electric versin. It’s a very smth and functinal ptin and nt t heavy. Temples have fewer prprietary (品牌专卖的) parts and s are serviceable in any bike shp. Fashinable as they may be, the VanMfs and the Cwbys can be a bit mre cmplex t get back-up and service.
The mney-n-bject ptin: Riese & Müller Nev4 GT Vari GX
Price: £5380|Weight:28.4kg
Range: up t 93 miles
This is a prime example f the attentin t de tail delivering a high-quality experience in functinality, cmfrt and practicality—if yu can affrd it. It is able t handle 25 kg f luggage in a pannier, pwerful rad lights and a beautifully smth mtr.
1. What is special abut the Temples cmpared with ther fashinable ebikes?
A. Their weight is much lighter.B. They are mre functinal.
C. They are mre cmfrtable.D. Their service is mre accessible.
2. Which will be chsen by thse caring abut excellent experiences?
A. Carb Mdel X.B. Riese & Müller Nev4 GT Vari GX.
C. Temple Cycles Classic.D. The VanMfs and the Cwbys.
3. Where can we pssibly find this text?
A. A feature stry.B. A cnsumer guide.
C. A market research reprt.D. An fficial dcument.
【答案】1. D2. B3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是Cycling Electric推荐的三款电动自行车。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mst fashinable: Temple Cycles Classic部分的“Temples have fewer prprietary (品牌专卖的) parts and s are serviceable in any bike shp. Fashinable as they may be, the VanMfs and the Cwbys can be a bit mre cmplex t get back-up and service.(Temples的专用部件较少，因此在任何自行车商店都可以维修。尽管VanMfs和Cwbys可能很时髦，但要获得支持和服务可能会有点复杂。)”可知，Temples比其他时尚的电动自行车品牌的特别之处在于它们更容易获得服务。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据The mney-n-bject ptin: Riese & Müller Nev4 GT Vari GX部分的“This is a prime example f the attentin t detail delivering a high-quality experience in functinality, cmfrt and practicality— if yu can affrd it.(如果你能负担得起的话，这是一个注重细节，在功能、舒适和实用性方面提供高质量体验的典型例子。)”可知，最关心良好的体验的消费者会选择Riese & Müller Nev4 GT Vari GX。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Nw, Cycling Electric, designed t help cnsumers chse an ebike, ffers the fllwing recmmendatins.(现在，旨在帮助消费者选择电动自行车的Cycling Electric提供了以下建议。)”可知，主要介绍的是Cycling Electric推荐的三款电动自行车，因此很可能是来自于一个消费者指南。故选B。
B
Ivan Pavlv, a Russian physilgist, was best knwn fr his discvery f classical cnditining, a learning prcess where a stimulus (刺激物) brings abut a specific respnse thrugh repeated pairing. During his studies n the digestive systems f dgs, Pavlv fund that the animals salivated (流口水) naturally upn the presentatin f fd. Hwever, he als nticed that the animals began t salivate whenever they saw the white lab cat f an experimental assistant. By assciatin the presentatin f fd with the lab assistant, he finally fund that a dg wuld salivate ver the presence f a stimulus ther than fd. He called this respnse a cnditinal reflex.
Ivan Pavlv was brn in a small village in Ryazan Russia, where his father was the village minister. His earliest studies were fcused n thelgy (神学) but reading Charles Darwin’s On the Origin f Species had a pwerful impact n his future interests. He sn stpped his religius studies and cmmitted himself t the study f science at the University f Saint Petersburg. Pavlv’s interests were the study f physilgy and natural sciences. He helped fund the Department f Physilgy at the Institute f Experimental Medicine and cntinued t manage the prgram fr the next 45 years.
Pavlv received much praise fr his wrk. He wrked in the Russian Academy f Science and wn the 1904 Nbel Prize in Physilgy. The lcal gvernment als ffered lts f supprt fr Pavlv’s wrk. While Ivan Pavlv was nt a psychlgist, and reprtedly disliked the field f psychlgy, his wrk had a majr influence n the field, particularly n the develpment f behavirism. His discvery and research n reflexes influenced the grwing behavirist mvement, and even n many thinkers, such as Jhn B. Watsn.
4. What can we infer frm Pavlv’s studies n dgs?
A. Animals naturally salivate when they are hungry.
B. Animals react differently t the presentatin f fd.
C. Animals salivate in respnse t stimulus linked with fd.
D. Animals tend t establish clse relatinship with lab assistants.
5. Which is true abut Pavlv’s early life?
A. He was brn in a wealthy family in Russia.
B. He was greatly influenced by Charles Darwin’s bk.
CHe never gave up his interest in the study f religin.
D. He was a funding member f the Institute f Experimental Medicine.
6. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Pavlv’s discvery had a prfund effect n psychlgy.
B. The lcal gvernment cnsidered Pavlv’s wrk valueless.
C. Jhn B. Watsn was als a well-knwn physilgist in behavirism.
D. Pavlv shwed a strng passin fr physilgy as well as psychlgy.
7. What can be a suitable title fr this text?
A. The Discvery f the Cnditinal Reflex
B. The Life and Great Discvery f Ivan Pavlv
C. The Nbel Prize Winner and His Lasting Influence
D. The Cntributins t Psychlgy Made by Ivan Pavlv
【答案】4. C5. B6. A7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴甫洛夫发现的经典条件反射理论，以及他的生活和他的工作对心理学领域的深远影响。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“During his studies n the digestive systems f dgs, Pavlv fund that the animals salivated (流口水) naturally upn the presentatin f fd. Hwever, he als nticed that the animals began t salivate whenever they saw the white lab cat f an experimental assistant. By assciatin the presentatin f fd with the lab assistant, he finally fund that a dg wuld salivate ver the presence f a stimulus ther than fd. He called this respnse a cnditinal reflex.(在他对狗的消化系统的研究中，巴甫洛夫发现动物在食物呈现时自然流口水。然而，他也注意到，每当动物看到实验助手的白色实验大褂时，它们就开始流口水。通过将食物的呈现与实验室助理联系起来，他最终发现，狗在受到食物以外的刺激时也会分泌唾液。他把这种反应称为条件反射。)”可推知，我们从巴浦洛夫在对狗的研究中可以推理出动物在受到与食物有关的刺激时会分泌唾液。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“His earliest studies were fcused n thelgy (神学) but reading Charles Darwin’s On the Origin f Species had a pwerful impact n his future interests. He sn stpped his religius studies and cmmitted himself t the study f science at the University f Saint Petersburg.(他早期的研究集中在神学上，但阅读查尔斯·达尔文的《物种起源》对他未来的兴趣产生了巨大的影响。他很快就停止了他的宗教研究，并致力于在圣彼得堡大学的科学研究。)”可知，他深受查尔斯·达尔文著作的影响。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“While Ivan Pavlv was nt a psychlgist, and reprtedly disliked the field f psychlgy, his wrk had a majr influence n the field, particularly n the develpment f behavirism. His discvery and research n reflexes influenced the grwing behavirist mvement, and even n many thinkers, such as Jhn B. Watsn.(虽然伊万·巴甫洛夫不是心理学家，据说他不喜欢心理学领域，但他的工作对该领域产生了重大影响，特别是对行为主义的发展。他对反射的发现和研究影响了不断发展的行为主义运动，甚至影响了许多思想家，如约翰·布鲁德斯·华生)”可知，巴甫洛夫的发现对心理学产生了深远的影响。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Ivan Pavlv, a Russian physilgist, was best knwn fr his discvery f classical cnditining, a learning prcess where a stimulus (刺激物) brings abut a specific respnse thrugh repeated pairing.(俄罗斯生理学家伊万·巴甫洛夫(Ivan Pavlv)以发现经典条件反射而闻名。经典条件反射是一种学习过程，通过重复配对，刺激会带来特定的反应。)”和文章第二段“Ivan Pavlv was brn in a small village in Ryazan Russia…(伊万·巴甫洛夫出生在俄罗斯梁赞的一个小村庄……)”以及全文的描述可知，文章主要介绍了巴甫洛夫发现的经典条件反射理论，以及他的生活和他的工作对心理学领域的深远影响。由此可知，B项：The Life and Great Discvery f Ivan Pavlv(伊万·巴甫洛夫的生平和伟大发现)是合适的标题。故选B。
C
As peple becme mre aware f the imprtance f ec-friendly pwer surces, we have devted much time t inventing creative devices. A newly develped paper battery prmises t make a big difference t single-use electrnics.
The battery is crafted frm sustainable materials, which nt nly strengthens its ec-friendliness but als makes it cst-effective t prduce. This cmbinatin f bidegradability (可生物降解) and affrdability makes it attractive fr a wide range f applicatins. Anther standut feature f this paper battery is its flexibility in terms f shape and size. Unlike traditinal batteries that are available in fixed sizes, this paper battery can be tailred t meet diverse requirements.
In reality, the paper battery is enugh t pwer an LCD alarm clck. “While it wn’t be charging up yur cmputer anytime sn, there’s lts f ptential fr lw-pwered sensrs. We present a printed paper battery develped t pwer single-use dispsable electrnics and t reduce their envirnmental impact t the lwest level,” write the researchers in their published paper.
The battery is based n a metal-air electrchemical cell. Made frm sdium chlride salt-diffused (氯化钠盐扩散的) paper, it can measure as little as ne square centimeter, and is based n printed inks. All that’s needed, then, is a small amunt f water, as little as tw drps. This disslves the salts within the paper, and then activates the battery as they travel. The battery starts prducing pwer arund 20 secnds after water is added, accrding t the experiments carried ut by the team.
Althugh the perfrmance decreases ver time as the paper dries ut, it can be tpped up t sme extent with mre water. The researchers say they want t imprve the efficiency f the battery in the future, and get it wrking fr lnger. “With a rising awareness f the e-waste prblem and the emergence f single-use electrnics fr applicatins, there is a grwing need fr lw envirnmental impact batteries,” write the researchers.
8. Which is a feature f the paper battery?
A. It is made frm single-use materials.B. It is cstly t put tgether.
C. It can be used t charge up yur cmputer.D. It can be prduced in diverse shapes.
9. What can we learn abut the paper battery accrding t the text?
A. It can be applied t any electrnics.
B. It is able t supply energy t ur cell-phnes.
C. Its pwer can be refilled by adding sme water.
D. It has reduced the envirnmental impact t the lwest.
10. What’s the main idea f paragraph 4?
A. What the paper battery cnsists f.B. Hw the paper battery wrks.
C. Where the paper battery can be applied.D. Why the paper battery is ppular.
11. What is mst likely t be the fcus f future research accrding t the researchers?
A. Hw t get rid f impacts f single-use electrnics.
B. Hw t imprve the efficiency f the paper battery.
C. Hw t reduce the demand fr single-use electrnics.
D. Hw t raise peple’s awareness f e-waste prblems.
【答案】8. D9. C10. B11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新开发的纸电池。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Anther standut feature f this paper battery is its flexibility in terms f shape and size.(这种纸电池的另一个突出特点是它在形状和尺寸方面的灵活性。)”可知，这种纸电池的一种特征是它可以制作成各种形状。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The battery starts prducing pwer arund 20 secnds after water is added, accrding t the experiments carried ut by the team.(根据该团队进行的实验，在加水后大约20秒，电池就开始发电了。)”可知，这种纸电池的电力可以通过加水来补充。故选C。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“The battery is based n a metal-air electrchemical cell. Made frm sdium chlride salt-diffused paper, it can measure as little as ne square centimeter, and is based n printed inks. All that’s needed, then, is a small amunt f water, as little as tw drps. This disslves the salts within the paper, and then activates the battery as they travel. (这种电池是基于金属-空气电化学电池。它由氯化钠盐扩散纸制成，尺寸小至1平方厘米，以印刷油墨为基础。那么，所需要的只是少量的水，只有两滴。这将溶解纸中的盐，然后在它们移动时激活电池。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了纸电池是如何工作的。故选B。
11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The researchers say they want t imprve the efficiency f the battery in the future, and get it wrking fr lnger.(研究人员表示，他们希望在未来提高电池的效率，并使其工作更长时间。)”可推知，研究人员表示，如何提高纸电池的效率最有可能是未来研究的重点。故选B。
D
With greater attentin paid t ur mental health, we need mre chances t pur ut ur anxieties. But talking t an adult abut feelings can be an uneasy experience fr children and adlescents. With this in mind, a recent study frm the University f Cambridge tested a rbt’s effectiveness in determining children’s well-being.
The study invlved 28 children between the ages f 8 and 13 and their parents r guardians cmpleting a well-being questinnaire fcused n the yung individuals. Then a human-like rbt asked the yung participants pen-ended questins abut happy and sad memries ver the last week and had them respnd t prmpts (提示) arund pictures. The parents r guardians and research team members bserved the interactin frm a separate rm.
Children with mental well being issues were likelier t divulge the extent f these prblems while talking t the rbt. Researchers thus fund they felt mre negative than stated in the initial questinnaire. On the ther hand, children withut previusly stated mental well-being cncerns presented an even mre psitive image t the rbt.
Actually, the idea that children wuld share mre with a rbt than parents r mental health prfessinals is easy t understand. “Nt all children have a secure attachment style, meaning they feel safe and cnnected t their caregivers,” says Dr. Katherine Grill, a behaviral scientist. “Children withut secure attachments ften find cmfrt in cmpanins like imaginary friends. In this instance, a rbt may serve as a practical ptin fr children t pen up abut their well-being. Even in cases where children have secure attachment styles, a rbt may prvide them with a nn-judgmental relatinship where they’re willing t share their feelings.”
“While this study demnstrates the benefit f rbts, it desn’t remve the need fr human interactin in the mental health field. Technlgy-enabled services mean digital supprt and even enhanced care, but they dn’t replace wrk with a human being,” says Dr. Aarn Haddck, assciate prfessr f Clark University. “After all, the relatinship between clients and prviders is a key driver f psitive treatment utcmes.”
12. Which f the fllwing is true abut the study?
A. The rbt raised questins t test children’s memry.
B. The children interacted with a human-like rbt alne.
C. The children were free t ask the rbt any questins.
D. The parents talked with researchers in a separate rm.
13. What des the underlined wrd “divulge” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Ignre.B. Assess.C. Reveal.D. Cntrl.
14. Why may children be willing t share mre with a rbt accrding t Dr. Katherine Grill?
A. Because rbts are mre intelligent than humans.
B. Because rbts ffer nn-judgmental relatinships.
C. Because rbts cnnect children with their caregivers.
D. Because rbts can chse imaginary friends fr the children.
15. What is Dr. Aarn Haddck’s attitude twards technlgy-enabled services?
A. Ttally psitive.B. Relatively bjective.
C. Particularly disapprving.D. Generally uncncerned.
【答案】12. B13. C14. B15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了剑桥大学的一项研究表明机器人有助于评估儿童的心理健康状况，儿童更愿意与机器人分享他们的感受。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Then a human-like rbt asked the yung participants pen-ended questins abut happy and sad memries ver the last week and had them respnd t prmpts (提示) arund pictures. The parents r guardians and research team members bserved the interactin frm a separate rm. (然后，一个人形机器人向年轻的参与者询问有关上周快乐和悲伤记忆的开放式问题，并让他们对图片周围的提示做出反应。家长或监护人和研究小组成员在一个单独的房间观察互动)”可知，在实验研究中，研究人员安排孩子与人形机器人单独互动。故选B项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Children with mental well being issues (有心理健康问题的儿童)”和下文“… the extent f these prblems while talking t the rbt. Researchers thus fund they felt mre negative than stated in the initial questinnaire. On the ther hand, children withut previusly stated mental well-being cncerns presented an even mre psitive image t the rbt. (……在与机器人交谈时，这些问题的程度。因此，研究人员发现，他们的消极情绪比最初问卷中所述的要多)”可知，此处是以问卷为参照，比较出与机器人交谈对有心理健康问题的儿童的好处，应该是可以让他们更加敞开心扉，透露自己的问题。因此，此处指更有可能透露这些问题的严重程度，divulge意思应该是“透露”，与reveal的意思接近。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中Katherine Grill博士所说的话“Children withut secure attachments ften find cmfrt in cmpanins like imaginary friends. In this instance, a rbt may serve as a practical ptin fr children t pen up abut their well-being. Even in cases where children have secure attachment styles, a rbt may prvide them with a nn-judgmental relatinship where they’re willing t share their feelings. (没有安全依恋的孩子经常在想象中的朋友之类的同伴中找到安慰。在这种情况下，机器人可以作为一个实用的选择，让孩子们敞开心扉谈论他们的幸福感。即使在孩子们有安全依恋类型的情况下，机器人也可能为他们提供一种非评判性的关系，让他们愿意分享自己的感受)”可知，Katherine Grill博士认为孩子更愿意与机器人分享感受的原因在于机器人为他们提供非评判性的关系。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Aarn Haddck博士所说的话“While this study demnstrates the benefit f rbts, it desn’t remve the need fr human interactin in the mental health field. Technlgy-enabled services mean digital supprt and even enhanced care, but they dn’t replace wrk with a human being (虽然这项研究证明了机器人的好处，但它并没有消除心理健康领域对人类互动的需求。技术支持的服务意味着数字支持，甚至是更好的护理，但它们不会取代人类的工作)”可知，Aarn Haddck博士认为技术支持的服务虽然有好处，但是无法替代人类的工作。由此可知，他对技术支持服务的态度是相对客观的。故选B项。
第二节(共5 小题; 每小题2.5分,满分 12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Failure is likely the mst tiring experience ne ever has. There is nthing mre exhausting than nt succeeding. ____16____
In the frmer case, we keep putting ff a task because it was either t bring r t difficult. And the lnger we delay it, the mre tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if nt actually physical, nt smething in ur muscles and bnes. ____17____
Years ag, I was asked t write 102 essays n the great ideas f sme famus authrs. Applying my wn rule, I determined t write them alphabetically, never letting myself leave ut a tugh idea. And I always started the day’s wrk with the mst difficult task f essay-writing. The experience prved that the rule wrks.
____18____ Thugh willing t get started, we cannt seem t d the jb right. Its difficulties appear s great that, hwever hard we wrk, we fail again and again. In such a situatin, I wrk as hard as I can then let the uncnsciusness (无意识) take ver.
When planning Encyclpedia Britannica, I had t create a table f cntents based n the tpics f its articles. Day after day, I kept cming up with slutins, but nne f them wrked. _____19_____One day, mentally exhausted, I tried t cnvince myself that the truble was with the prblem itself, nt with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep. ____20____ In the weeks that fllwed, the slutin which had cme up in my uncnscius mind prved crrect at every step. Thugh I wrked as hard as befre, I felt n fatigue. Success was nw as exciting as failure had been depressing.
Human beings, I believe must try t succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.
A. My fatigue became almst unbearable.
B. I felt depressed and gave it up eventually.
C. Perfrmance fatigue is mre difficult t handle.
D. Use yur uncnsciusness and yu can reduce yur tiredness.
E. An hur later, I wke up suddenly with the slutin clearly in mind.
F. The slutin is nt easy t apply: always handle the mst difficult jb first.
G. Here are tw ways f exhaustin ——start-up fatigue and perfrmance fatigue.
【答案】16. G17. F18. C19. A20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。围绕失败、疲劳和成功的关系展开论述，以亲身经历为例提出措施如何解决启动疲劳和执行疲劳。
【16题详解】
根据上文“There is nthing mre exhausting than nt succeeding.(没有什么比不成功更累的了)”和下文“In the frmer case, we keep putting ff a task because it was either t bring r t difficult.(在前一种情况下，我们总是推迟一项任务，因为它要么太无聊，要么太难)”可知，空格处应指出疲惫感分为两种情况，引出下文。选项G“Here are tw ways f exhaustin ——start-up fatigue and perfrmance fatigue.(由两种方式的疲劳：启动疲劳和执行疲劳)”指出了两种疲劳，符合语境。故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“In the frmer case, we keep putting ff a task because it was either t bring r t difficult. And the lnger we delay it, the mre tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if nt actually physical, nt smething in ur muscles and bnes. (在前一种情况下，我们不断推迟一项任务，因为它要么太无聊，要么太难。拖延得越久，我们就越觉得累。这种创业疲劳是非常真实，即使不是身体上的，也不是肌肉和骨骼上的。)”可推知，我们会因为拖延太无聊、太难的工作而感到疲惫不堪。选项F“The slutin is nt easy t apply: always handle the mst difficult jb first.(这种解决方案是不容易采用的：总是先处理最困难的工作)”提出了一个解决这种情况的办法，即先处理最困难的事，符合语境。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据下文“Thugh willing t get started, we cannt seem t d the jb right. Its difficulties appear s great that, hwever hard we wrk, we fail again and again.”（虽然我们愿意开始，但似乎不能把工作做好。无论我们多么努力，它的困难都显得如此之大，以致于我们一次又一次地失败。）可知，此处讲述另一种疲劳——表现疲劳。选项C意为“Perfrmance fatigue is mre difficult t handle.(表现疲劳更难处理。)”符合本段段意，故选C。
【19题详解】
上文“When planning Encyclpedia Britannica, I had t create a table f cntents based n the tpics f its articles. Day after day, I kept cming up with slutins, but nne f them wrked.(在规划《大英百科全书》时，我必须根据文章的主题创建一个目录。日复一日，我不断想出解决办法，但没有一个奏效。)”讲述作者在做一项任务时，日复一日的想不出可行的办法，选项A “My fatigue became almst unbearable.( 我的疲劳几乎无法忍受。)”承接上文，总是想不出解决办法，让我疲惫不堪，故选A。
【20题详解】
根据上文“One day, mentally exhausted, I tried t cnvince myself that the truble was with the prblem itself, nt with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.(一天，我精疲力尽，试着说服自己，麻烦出在问题本身，而不是我。我松了一口气，靠在安乐椅上睡着了。)”和下文“In the weeks that fllwed, the slutin which had cme up in my uncnscius mind and prved crrect at every step.”（在接下来的几个星期里，在我的潜意识里想出了解决办法，而且每一步都证明是正确的。）可知，此空处讲述的作者睡着了，如释重负，醒来有了解决办法，选项E“An hur later, I wke up suddenly with the slutin clearly in mind. (一个小时后，我突然醒来，脑海中清晰地浮现出解决方案。)”承上启下，躺在安乐椅上睡着了，醒来之后，有了解决的方法，故选E。
第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分)
第一节(共15 小题；每小题1分，满分 15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When yu get int a perid and everything ges against yu, till it seems as thugh yu culd nt hang n a minute lnger, never give up. Facing up t these tugh times, wrking thrugh them, I make myself better.
I grew up in suburban Pittsburgh with my mther and 3 yunger siblings (兄弟姐妹). My mm was a single mther and ____21____ a minimum wage jb, s we never had much. Nevertheless, that was OK, and we made ends meet anyhw.
In High Schl, I gt a jb at a lcal bakery, and started saving mney fr cllege. I was____22____ int the University f Pittsburgh and received sme schlarships that cvered my tuitin. I culdn’t affrd the ____23____ because it was much t expensive fr me. I put a mattress (床垫) n the flr f the ld van (旅行拖车) frm my hme and slept there fr the next 2 years.
The weather in Pittsburgh was ____24____, super ht and humid in summer and freezing cld and snwy in winter. Being hmeless frced me t ____25____ everything the campus ffered since I wanted t spend as ____26____ time in my van as pssible. I ____27____ spending mst f my time thrughut the week at the ____28____ studying and reviewing classrm material a lt mre than I wuld have if I had the cmfrt f ging hme and ____29____ the TV r falling asleep fr hurs in my rm. Occupying myself in the library really helped me _____30_____ in my academic studies.
I als made a lt f new friends by meeting peple _____31_____ and attending speeches, plays and charities. Befre cllege I wuld have cnsidered myself _____32_____, I didn’t really speak much_____33_____ spken t, but I mved ut f my cmfrt zne and did new things. I really develped a (n)_____34_____ persnality.
I really think that dealing with all the _____35_____ I had t g thrugh really shaped me int a better persn. Nw I have gt a really gd jb and I’ve even been able t help my mther ut a little bit. It just feels gd!
21. A. fferedB. sughtC. changedD. ceased
22. A. enteredB. recmmendedC. admittedD. recgnized
23. A. mealB. husingC. transprtD. clthing
24. A. pleasantB. awfulC. mildD. changeable
25. A. take nte fB. take pssessin fC. take charge fD. take advantage f
26. A. manyB. fewC. littleD. much
27. A. stayed upB. ended upC. gt upD. summed up
28. A. libraryB. vanC. drmitryD. park
29. A. putting upB. taking nC. turning upD. switching n
30. A. existB. fadeC. excelD. insist
31. A. ptentiallyB. emtinallyC. sciallyD. individually
32. A. shyB. easy-gingC. aggressiveD. talkative
33. A. sinceB. nceC. ifD. unless
34. A. criticalB. utgingC. gentleD. dd
35. A. cnsequencesB. strugglesC. failuresD. experiences
【答案】21. A22. C23. B24. B25. D26. C27. B28. A29. D30. C31. C32. A33. D34. B35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为家境贫寒，大学时虽然有一笔奖学金，但仍不够支付住宿费。他选择住在旅行拖车里。他克服种种困难，刻苦学习，积极锻炼，最终有了回报。作者认为，经历那些不得不经历的斗争，让自己成为了一个更好的人。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈是个单亲妈妈，她得到一份最低工资的工作，所以我们一直没什么钱。A. ffered提供；B. sught寻找；C. changed改变；D. ceased停止，结束。根据“s we never had much”可知，给妈妈的是一份低工资的工作。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被匹兹堡大学录取，并获得了一些奖学金来支付我的学费。A. entered进入；B. recmmended推荐；C. admitted承认；D. recgnized识别。根据“int the University f Pittsburgh and received sme schlarships that cvered my tuitin.”可知，作者被匹兹堡大学录取了。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我买不起房子，因为对我来说太贵了。A. meal一餐；B. husing房屋；C. transprt运输；D. clthing衣服。根据“I put a mattress (床垫) n the flr f the ld van (旅行拖车) frm my hme and slept there fr the next 2 years.”可知，作者买不起房子。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：匹兹堡的天气很糟糕，夏天超级炎热潮湿，冬天寒冷多雪。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. awful糟糕的；C. mild温和的；D. changeable易变的。根据“super ht and humid in summer and freezing cld and snwy in winter.”可知，此处指天气很糟糕。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：无家可归迫使我利用校园提供的一切，因为我想尽可能少地呆在我的旅行拖车里。A. take nte f注意到；B. take pssessin f占有，拥有；C. take charge f负责；D. take advantage f充分利用。根据“since I wanted t spend as ____6____ time in my van as pssible.”可知，作者尽量利用校园提供的一切。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. many许多的（修饰可数名词）；B. few几个，很少（修饰可数名词）；C. little小的，少的（修饰不可数名词）；D. much许多的，大量的（修饰不可数名词）。根据“Being hmeless frced me t ____5____ everything the campus ffered”可知，作者希望待在车里的时间越少越好。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：最后，我一周的大部分时间都花在图书馆学习和复习课堂材料上，比我回到家打开电视或在房间里睡上几个小时舒服得多。A. stayed up熬夜；B. ended up结束；C. gt up起床；D. summed up总结。根据“Occupying myself in the library”可知，最后，作者一周的大部分时间都花在图书馆学习和复习课堂材料上。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. library图书馆；B. van旅行拖车；C. drmitry宿舍；D. park公园。根据“Occupying myself in the library”可知，此处为信息词library的词汇复现。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. putting up搭建，张贴；B. taking n承担；C. turning up出现；D. switching n打开。根据“the TV”可知，此处表示打开电视。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在图书馆埋头苦读确实帮助我在学业上取得了优异的成绩。A. exist存在；B. fade逐渐消失；C. excel擅长，突出；D. insist坚持。根据上文“I ____7____ spending mst f my time thrughut the week at the ____8____ studying and reviewing classrm material a lt”可知，作者大多数时间在图书馆学习，使得他在学业上取得了优异成绩。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我还通过社交、参加演讲、戏剧和慈善活动结交了很多新朋友。A. ptentially潜在地；B. emtinally情感上；C. scially在社会上；D. individually个别地。根据“attending speeches, plays and charities.”可知，作者参加了许多社交活动。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在上大学之前，我会认为自己很害羞，除非别人跟我说话，否则我很少说话，但我走出了自己的舒适区，做了新的事情。A. shy害羞的；B. easy-ging随和的；C. aggressive有进取心的；D. talkative健谈的。根据“I didn’t really speak much”可知，作者认为自己很害羞。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意同上。A. since自从；B. nce一旦；C. if如果；D. unless除非。根据“I didn’t really speak much”可知，作者不喜欢言谈，除非别人开口找自己说话。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我真的养成了外向的性格。A. critical批判的；B. utging外向的；C. gentle温柔的；D. dd奇怪的。根据“but I mved ut f my cmfrt zne and did new things.”可知，作者做出改变，养成了外向的性格。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我真的认为，处理我必须经历的所有斗争真的把我塑造成了一个更好的人。A. cnsequences后果，结果；B. struggles斗争，奋斗；C. failures失败；D. experiences经历，经验。根据上文“Facing up t these tugh times, wrking thrugh them, I make myself better.”可知，作者认为自己所经历的挣扎把自己塑造成一个更好的人。故选B。
第二节(共20小题; 每小题1.5 分,满分30分)
根据句意和提示用正确的单词把句子补充完整。
The Shenzhu-17 spacecraft flew high int the sky frm the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Nrthwest China n Thursday mrning, ____36____ the significant ccasin f the 20th anniversary f China's first manned spaceflight the Shenzhu-5.
Sitting n the tp f the Lng March 2F Y17 carrier rcket, ____37____ (taiknaut) Tang Hngb, Tang Shengjie, and Jiang Xinlin, cmmitted ____38____ (they) t the jurney t ward the China Space Statin. Fllwing a smth flight f arund 10 minutes, the Shenzhu-17 spacecraft entered its planned rbit, ____39____ (mark) a successful launch, ____40____ was released by the China Manned Space Agency(CMSA). The cperatin between the tw crew grups ____41____(apparent) signals a giant step in China's nging space explratin.
In the past 20 years, China has carried ut 12 such crewed missins invlving ____42____latest Shenzhu 17 missin ____43____ (acknwledge) as a great achievement. Since its flight in1999, the Lng March 2F rcket, the cuntry's first and nly manned carrier rcket, ____44____(maintain) a perfect recrd rate. The Shenzhu-17 crewed flight missin has sme crucial bjectives, including the in rbit crew rtatin(机组轮换) and several experiments ____45____ (cnduct) in April 2024.
【答案】36. n 37. taiknauts
38. themselves
39. marking
40. which##as
41. apparently
42. the43. acknwledged
44. has maintained
45. t be cnducted
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了中国载人航天第十二次任务——神舟十七号成功发射，标志着中国载人航天20周年的重要里程碑。神舟十七号宇航员唐洪波、唐放洁和姜新林宣誓执行任务，乘坐长征二号F火箭进入轨道，合作团队间的配合迈出了中国航天探索过程中的重要一步。此次任务主要目标包括机组轮换和多项实验，将于2024年4月进行。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：周四上午，神舟17号飞船从中国西北部的酒泉卫星发射中心飞向天空，这是中国首次载人航天飞行神舟5号20周年的重要时刻。句中n the ccasin为固定短语，意为“在……场合”。故填n。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：航天员唐洪波、唐圣杰和蒋新林坐在长征2F运载火箭的顶部，承诺前往中国空间站的旅程。分析句子，设空处使用名词作主语，taiknaut意为“航天员”，此处表示复数意义。故填taiknauts。
【38题详解】
考查代词。句意：同上。分析句子，句中cmmit neself t为固定短语，意为“某人致力于”。故填themselves。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：经过大约10分钟的平稳飞行，神舟17号飞船进入计划轨道，标志着一次成功的发射，这是由中国载人航天局(CMSA)发布的。句中entered为谓语动词，mark与前文为主动关系，所以空处使用非谓语动词现在分词作状语。故填marking。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代前文的事实即经过大约10分钟的平稳飞行，神舟17号飞船进入计划轨道，标志着一次成功的发射，用which；或者表示“正如中国载人航天局(CMSA)发布的”，使用as引导非限制性定语从句。故填which或者as。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：两组宇航员合作显然标志着中国正在进行的太空探索迈出了一大步。分析句子，设空处使用apparent的副词apparently作状语，意为“显然地”。故填apparently。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在过去的20年里，中国已经执行了12次这样的载人飞行任务，包括最近的神舟17号任务被认为是伟大的成就。分析句子，句中latest为最高级，设空处应该使用定冠词。故填the。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。句中has carried为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处latest Shenzhu 17 missin 与acknwledge之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填acknwledged。
【44题详解】
考查动词。句意：作为我国首枚也是唯一一枚载人运载火箭，长征二号f火箭自1999年发射以来，一直保持着完美的发射速度记录。分析句子，句中since its flight in1999，表示动作从过去发生对现在有影响。故使用现在完成时。故填has maintained。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：神舟17号载人飞行任务有一些关键目标，包括在轨机组人员旋转和2024年4月进行的几项实验。分析句子，has为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，根据in April 2024表示动作未发生，故使用不定式结构作定语，此处experiments与cnduct之间是被动关系，故使用不定式的被动结构。故填t be cnducted。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华,你刚参加完国际科创比赛 ITIC(Internatinal Tech Innvatin Cntest) 并获得了一等奖。你的交换生朋友 Mike作为参赛同伴，给予了你很多帮助和鼓励。现在他将回国，请你给他写一封感谢信。
内容包括：
1. 表示感谢；
2. 回顾帮助；
3. 临别祝愿。
写作要求: 1. 词数 80词左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 信的开头与结尾已给出。
Dear Mike,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mike,
Knwing that yu are returning hme, I am writing with the bjective f extending my sincere gratitude fr yur generus encuragement and help during the ITIC.
Befre the cmpetitin, it was yu wh ffered numerus brilliant and creative ideas fr its preparatin, which cntributed a lt t ur first prize. During the cntest, yu gave me cntinuus guidance, frm which I benefited a lt. What impressed me mst is yur calmness and prfund knwledge despite the fierceness f the cntest and the pressure frm the rivals. If it hadn't been yur assistance, I wuldn't have cmpleted the cntest successfully. Therefre, nt nly des the award demnstrate the success in ur cperatin, but it als prves yur capability.
Wrds fail t express my heartfelt appreciatin t yu. I hpe there will be anther chance fr us t cperate tgether. May yu be happy and smth every day.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李华，你刚参加完国际科创比赛 ITIC(Internatinal Tech Innvatin Cntest) 并获得了一等奖。你的交换生朋友 Mike作为参赛同伴，给予了你很多帮助和鼓励。现在他将回国，请你给他写一封感谢信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：cmpetitin/ cntest→match
表达：extend/ express→cnvey
目的：bjective→gal
高兴的：happy→glad
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：During the cntest, yu gave me cntinuus guidance, frm which I benefited a lt.
拓展句：During the cntest, yu gave me cntinuus guidance s that I benefited a lt frm it.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knwing that yu are returning hme, I am writing with the bjective f extending my sincere gratitude fr yur generus encuragement and help during the ITIC. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] If it hadn't been yur assistance, I wuldn't have cmpleted the cntest successfully. (运用了虚拟语气)
第二节(满分 25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Once upn a time, in a small twn lcated near the edge f a vast frest, tw adventurus suls named Jhn and David had lng been keen t g deep int the heart f nature. One day, armed with their backpacks, they determined t explre the frest. The villagers had warned them t stick t the main path, cautining that there culd be hunters’ traps elsewhere, but the appeal f the charming frest was t great t resist.
As they cnfidently ventured deeper int the frest, its beauty unflded befre their eyes. An hur later, driven by the hunger fr the unknwn, they made a decisin t take the less-traveled path, making marks alng the way carefully as they went. Fr anther tw hurs, they bserved varius flwers, tk pictures f strange-shaped rcks and marveled at the breathtaking scenery. The frest seemed t be a wrld f its wn, untuched by human presence. Everything appeared s beautiful.
Hwever, little did they knw that danger was hidden under their feet. As they went further, they realized that their phnes had lst signal, and they were cmpletely cut ff frm the utside wrld. Suddenly, Jhn stepped frward and felt the grund gave way beneath him. Befre he knew it, he had fallen int a hidden pit(深坑), his leg trapped by the wden spikes(尖刺) lining the bttm. Pain sht thrugh his bdy as he cried ut fr help.
Upn hearing Jhn’s crying ut in pain, David quickly ran t the edge f the pit, desperately trying t find a way t pull his friend ut. Hwever, his effrts were in vain. “Jhn, are yu kay? Can yu mve yur leg?” asked David wrriedly. Jhn winced in pain as he tried t mve his injured leg, “I think I’ve hurt my leg, David. It aches a lt.” “It’s ging t be kay, Jhn,” David cmfrted him, “I’ll find a way t get yu ut f here!” With n phne signal and nightfall appraching, David knew he had t act fast.
注意：1. 续写词数应为 150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
He culdn’t pull Jhn ut f the pit, s he decided t get ut and seek help.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tgether, they jurneyed back t where Jhn awaited rescue.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】He culdn’t pull Jhn ut f the pit, s he decided t get ut and seek help. With a heavy heart, he departed frm Jhn and pressed nward as swiftly as pssible. David ran with all his might, retracing their earlier steps and shuting fr help, his vice eching thrugh the vast emptiness, hping that smene might hear his cries. Minutes felt like hurs, and with each passing secnd, his anxiety grew. Just when he thught all hpe was lst, David sptted a grup f villagers nt t far away. Relief flded thrugh him as he waved his arms and yelled t attract their attentin. Upn appraching them, David gasped fr breath and explained everything t the villagers. They quickly gathered supplies and frmed a rescue party.
Tgether, they jurneyed back t where Jhn awaited rescue. The rescue party wrked quickly, using rpes t lift Jhn ut f the pit. Hardly had Jhn emerged than he was greeted with cheers and applause frm the grup. They tended t his wunds, which were frtunately nt that serius, and helped him t his feet. Exhausted but relieved, Jhn’s heart verflwed with gratitude t David and the villagers, whse unwavering supprt and kindness served as a saving grace. Their jurney taught them the imprtance f preparatin, cautin, and respect fr nature’s unpredictable pwer. Bth men knew that this experience wuld stay with them frever, a testament t the pwer f friendship and determinatin in the face f adversity.
【解析】
【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了爱冒险的Jhn和David不顾村民的警告，去森林探险时被迷人的风景吸引住，不知不觉走到森林深处。他们的手机失去了信号，他们与外界完全隔绝了，突然，Jhn掉进了陷阱里面，腿被底部的木钉卡住了。David听到Jhn痛苦的呼喊，拼命想办法把他的朋友拉出来，没有手机信号，夜幕降临，大卫知道他必须迅速行动。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他无法把Jhn从坑里拉出来，所以他决定出去寻求帮助。”可知，第一段可描写David寻找帮助并且最终找到救援队的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“他们一起回到Jhn等待救援的地方。”可知，第二段可描写在救援队的帮助下，Jhn被救了出来，以及通过他们的故事得到的教训。
2.续写线索：David大声呼救——发现一群村民——David挥动双手，吸引注意力——靠近村民，解释情况——组成救援队——救出Jhn——Jhn感到筋疲力尽——心里充满感激——教训
3.词汇激活
行为类
大声呼救：shut fr help/ cry ut lustily fr help
吸引注意力：attract ne’s attentin/draw ne’s attentin
解释：explain/accunt fr
组成：frm/make up
情绪类
宽慰的：relieved/ emllient
筋疲力尽的：exhausted/dg-tired
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Hardly had Jhn emerged than he was greeted with cheers and applause frm the grup.（运用了部分倒装）
[高分句型2]
They tended t his wunds, which were frtunately nt that serius, and helped him t his feet.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、班级、考场/座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔填涂；答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔书写；必须在题号对应的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写无效；保持答卷清洁、完整。
3. 考试结束后，将答题卡交回(试题卷学生保存，以备评讲)。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30 分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题 1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the man asking abut?
A. An infrmatin file. B. A jb pprtunity. C. A phne number.
2. What des the man wear when he exercises in winter?
A. Jeans. B. Jgging shrts. C. Sweat pants.
3. What will the speakers eat tnight?
A. Chinese fd. B. Japanese fd. C. Mexican fd.
4 What des Sarah ffer t d fr Danny?
A. D his wrk. B. Help him clean. C. Take him t a garage.
5. Where des the cnversatin mst likely take place?
A. At the dentist's. B. At a supermarket. C. At the wman's hme.
第二节(共15 小题;每小题1.5分,满分 22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What des the wman want t d?
A. Give the man a lift. B. Sha re a taxi with the man. C. Meet the man at the airprt.
7. Why is the wman ging t Trnt?
A. T have an interview. B. T attend a meeting. C. T start a firm.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why is the wman relieved?
A. She finally gt a jb.
B. The mail has been sent ut.
C. Smene is ging t wrk this weekend..
9. What des the man want t d?
A. G ut in half an hur.
B. Meet the new emplyee.
C. Get an emplyee handbk.
听第8段材料，回答第 10至 12题。
10. Why des Gail decide t learn painting?
A. Her family helps her.
B. She has a talent fr it.
C. Her new jb gives her mre spare time.
11. Wh inspired Gail?
A. Her teacher. B. Her aunt. C. Her mther.
12. What did Gail just finish?
A. A painting f her family. B. A picture f a kid. C. A landscape.
听第9段材料,回答第 13 至 16题。
13. What did the speakers just d?
A. They visited sme prfessrs. B. They wrte a letter. C. They tk a test.
14. What is the wman's pinin n the test?
A. Lng. B. Necessary. C. Difficult.
15. Wh will the wman ask fr a recmmendatin letter?
A. Mr. Lawsn. B. Mrs. Smith. C. Mr. Jhnsn.
16. What des the man say abut Mrs. Smith?
A. She is the best teacher.
B. She will cntinue teaching next semester.
C. She seldm writes recmmendatin letters.
听第 10段材料, 回答第 17至 20题。
17. What is the talk mainly abut?
A. A turist destinatin. B. A travel plan. C. A dining experience.
18. Hw did the speaker knw abut the restaurant?
A. Frm the Internet. B. Frm his wife. C. Frm the htel clerk.
19. What happened t the speaker in the restaurant?
A. He culd nt find his wallet.
B. His wife made him embarrassed.
C. The seafd didn't agree with him.
20. When was the prblem reslved cmpletely?
A. On the same day. B. The next day. C. Tw days later.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The ebike has gained increasing ppularity amng peple, even the King being sptted riding ne. Accrding t the market research cmpany Mintel, sales f the ebikes have almst becme three times mre than the past five years. While ebikes have becme increasingly cmmn, they are still undubtedly expensive. Yu can pick up a perfectly sufficient push-bike fr £300, but mst ebikes cst nearly £2,000. Nw, Cycling Electric, designed t help cnsumers chse an ebike, ffers the fllwing recmmendatins.
Best flding bike: Carb Mdel X
Price: £2,799|Weight:13.3kg
Range: up t 34 miles
This is ne f the mst cnvenient bikes, frm a little-knwn label. The lightweight Carb X is the perfect example f cnvenience thanks t its carbn frame and belt drive, instead f a metal bike chain. This makes it lighter and less likely t get messy than an electric Brmptn, with its mre traditinal, il y chain.
Mst fashinable: Temple Cycles Classic
Price: frm £2,995|Weight: 19 kg
Range: up t 74 miles
This Bristl-based brand is knwn fr its elegant push-bikes, which are hand-built in the city.This is its electric versin. It’s a very smth and functinal ptin and nt t heavy. Temples have fewer prprietary (品牌专卖的) parts and s are serviceable in any bike shp. Fashinable as they may be, the VanMfs and the Cwbys can be a bit mre cmplex t get back-up and service.
The mney-n-bject ptin: Riese & Müller Nev4 GT Vari GX
Price: £5380|Weight:28.4kg
Range: up t 93 miles
This is a prime example f the attentin t de tail delivering a high-quality experience in functinality, cmfrt and practicality—if yu can affrd it. It is able t handle 25 kg f luggage in a pannier, pwerful rad lights and a beautifully smth mtr.
1. What is special abut the Temples cmpared with ther fashinable ebikes?
A. Their weight is much lighter.B. They are mre functinal.
C. They are mre cmfrtable.D. Their service is mre accessible.
2. Which will be chsen by thse caring abut excellent experiences?
A. Carb Mdel X.B. Riese & Müller Nev4 GT Vari GX.
C. Temple Cycles Classic.D. The VanMfs and the Cwbys.
3. Where can we pssibly find this text?
A. A feature stry.B. A cnsumer guide.
C. A market research reprt.D. An fficial dcument.
【答案】1. D2. B3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是Cycling Electric推荐的三款电动自行车。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mst fashinable: Temple Cycles Classic部分的“Temples have fewer prprietary (品牌专卖的) parts and s are serviceable in any bike shp. Fashinable as they may be, the VanMfs and the Cwbys can be a bit mre cmplex t get back-up and service.(Temples的专用部件较少，因此在任何自行车商店都可以维修。尽管VanMfs和Cwbys可能很时髦，但要获得支持和服务可能会有点复杂。)”可知，Temples比其他时尚的电动自行车品牌的特别之处在于它们更容易获得服务。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据The mney-n-bject ptin: Riese & Müller Nev4 GT Vari GX部分的“This is a prime example f the attentin t detail delivering a high-quality experience in functinality, cmfrt and practicality— if yu can affrd it.(如果你能负担得起的话，这是一个注重细节，在功能、舒适和实用性方面提供高质量体验的典型例子。)”可知，最关心良好的体验的消费者会选择Riese & Müller Nev4 GT Vari GX。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Nw, Cycling Electric, designed t help cnsumers chse an ebike, ffers the fllwing recmmendatins.(现在，旨在帮助消费者选择电动自行车的Cycling Electric提供了以下建议。)”可知，主要介绍的是Cycling Electric推荐的三款电动自行车，因此很可能是来自于一个消费者指南。故选B。
B
Ivan Pavlv, a Russian physilgist, was best knwn fr his discvery f classical cnditining, a learning prcess where a stimulus (刺激物) brings abut a specific respnse thrugh repeated pairing. During his studies n the digestive systems f dgs, Pavlv fund that the animals salivated (流口水) naturally upn the presentatin f fd. Hwever, he als nticed that the animals began t salivate whenever they saw the white lab cat f an experimental assistant. By assciatin the presentatin f fd with the lab assistant, he finally fund that a dg wuld salivate ver the presence f a stimulus ther than fd. He called this respnse a cnditinal reflex.
Ivan Pavlv was brn in a small village in Ryazan Russia, where his father was the village minister. His earliest studies were fcused n thelgy (神学) but reading Charles Darwin’s On the Origin f Species had a pwerful impact n his future interests. He sn stpped his religius studies and cmmitted himself t the study f science at the University f Saint Petersburg. Pavlv’s interests were the study f physilgy and natural sciences. He helped fund the Department f Physilgy at the Institute f Experimental Medicine and cntinued t manage the prgram fr the next 45 years.
Pavlv received much praise fr his wrk. He wrked in the Russian Academy f Science and wn the 1904 Nbel Prize in Physilgy. The lcal gvernment als ffered lts f supprt fr Pavlv’s wrk. While Ivan Pavlv was nt a psychlgist, and reprtedly disliked the field f psychlgy, his wrk had a majr influence n the field, particularly n the develpment f behavirism. His discvery and research n reflexes influenced the grwing behavirist mvement, and even n many thinkers, such as Jhn B. Watsn.
4. What can we infer frm Pavlv’s studies n dgs?
A. Animals naturally salivate when they are hungry.
B. Animals react differently t the presentatin f fd.
C. Animals salivate in respnse t stimulus linked with fd.
D. Animals tend t establish clse relatinship with lab assistants.
5. Which is true abut Pavlv’s early life?
A. He was brn in a wealthy family in Russia.
B. He was greatly influenced by Charles Darwin’s bk.
CHe never gave up his interest in the study f religin.
D. He was a funding member f the Institute f Experimental Medicine.
6. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Pavlv’s discvery had a prfund effect n psychlgy.
B. The lcal gvernment cnsidered Pavlv’s wrk valueless.
C. Jhn B. Watsn was als a well-knwn physilgist in behavirism.
D. Pavlv shwed a strng passin fr physilgy as well as psychlgy.
7. What can be a suitable title fr this text?
A. The Discvery f the Cnditinal Reflex
B. The Life and Great Discvery f Ivan Pavlv
C. The Nbel Prize Winner and His Lasting Influence
D. The Cntributins t Psychlgy Made by Ivan Pavlv
【答案】4. C5. B6. A7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴甫洛夫发现的经典条件反射理论，以及他的生活和他的工作对心理学领域的深远影响。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“During his studies n the digestive systems f dgs, Pavlv fund that the animals salivated (流口水) naturally upn the presentatin f fd. Hwever, he als nticed that the animals began t salivate whenever they saw the white lab cat f an experimental assistant. By assciatin the presentatin f fd with the lab assistant, he finally fund that a dg wuld salivate ver the presence f a stimulus ther than fd. He called this respnse a cnditinal reflex.(在他对狗的消化系统的研究中，巴甫洛夫发现动物在食物呈现时自然流口水。然而，他也注意到，每当动物看到实验助手的白色实验大褂时，它们就开始流口水。通过将食物的呈现与实验室助理联系起来，他最终发现，狗在受到食物以外的刺激时也会分泌唾液。他把这种反应称为条件反射。)”可推知，我们从巴浦洛夫在对狗的研究中可以推理出动物在受到与食物有关的刺激时会分泌唾液。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“His earliest studies were fcused n thelgy (神学) but reading Charles Darwin’s On the Origin f Species had a pwerful impact n his future interests. He sn stpped his religius studies and cmmitted himself t the study f science at the University f Saint Petersburg.(他早期的研究集中在神学上，但阅读查尔斯·达尔文的《物种起源》对他未来的兴趣产生了巨大的影响。他很快就停止了他的宗教研究，并致力于在圣彼得堡大学的科学研究。)”可知，他深受查尔斯·达尔文著作的影响。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“While Ivan Pavlv was nt a psychlgist, and reprtedly disliked the field f psychlgy, his wrk had a majr influence n the field, particularly n the develpment f behavirism. His discvery and research n reflexes influenced the grwing behavirist mvement, and even n many thinkers, such as Jhn B. Watsn.(虽然伊万·巴甫洛夫不是心理学家，据说他不喜欢心理学领域，但他的工作对该领域产生了重大影响，特别是对行为主义的发展。他对反射的发现和研究影响了不断发展的行为主义运动，甚至影响了许多思想家，如约翰·布鲁德斯·华生)”可知，巴甫洛夫的发现对心理学产生了深远的影响。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Ivan Pavlv, a Russian physilgist, was best knwn fr his discvery f classical cnditining, a learning prcess where a stimulus (刺激物) brings abut a specific respnse thrugh repeated pairing.(俄罗斯生理学家伊万·巴甫洛夫(Ivan Pavlv)以发现经典条件反射而闻名。经典条件反射是一种学习过程，通过重复配对，刺激会带来特定的反应。)”和文章第二段“Ivan Pavlv was brn in a small village in Ryazan Russia…(伊万·巴甫洛夫出生在俄罗斯梁赞的一个小村庄……)”以及全文的描述可知，文章主要介绍了巴甫洛夫发现的经典条件反射理论，以及他的生活和他的工作对心理学领域的深远影响。由此可知，B项：The Life and Great Discvery f Ivan Pavlv(伊万·巴甫洛夫的生平和伟大发现)是合适的标题。故选B。
C
As peple becme mre aware f the imprtance f ec-friendly pwer surces, we have devted much time t inventing creative devices. A newly develped paper battery prmises t make a big difference t single-use electrnics.
The battery is crafted frm sustainable materials, which nt nly strengthens its ec-friendliness but als makes it cst-effective t prduce. This cmbinatin f bidegradability (可生物降解) and affrdability makes it attractive fr a wide range f applicatins. Anther standut feature f this paper battery is its flexibility in terms f shape and size. Unlike traditinal batteries that are available in fixed sizes, this paper battery can be tailred t meet diverse requirements.
In reality, the paper battery is enugh t pwer an LCD alarm clck. “While it wn’t be charging up yur cmputer anytime sn, there’s lts f ptential fr lw-pwered sensrs. We present a printed paper battery develped t pwer single-use dispsable electrnics and t reduce their envirnmental impact t the lwest level,” write the researchers in their published paper.
The battery is based n a metal-air electrchemical cell. Made frm sdium chlride salt-diffused (氯化钠盐扩散的) paper, it can measure as little as ne square centimeter, and is based n printed inks. All that’s needed, then, is a small amunt f water, as little as tw drps. This disslves the salts within the paper, and then activates the battery as they travel. The battery starts prducing pwer arund 20 secnds after water is added, accrding t the experiments carried ut by the team.
Althugh the perfrmance decreases ver time as the paper dries ut, it can be tpped up t sme extent with mre water. The researchers say they want t imprve the efficiency f the battery in the future, and get it wrking fr lnger. “With a rising awareness f the e-waste prblem and the emergence f single-use electrnics fr applicatins, there is a grwing need fr lw envirnmental impact batteries,” write the researchers.
8. Which is a feature f the paper battery?
A. It is made frm single-use materials.B. It is cstly t put tgether.
C. It can be used t charge up yur cmputer.D. It can be prduced in diverse shapes.
9. What can we learn abut the paper battery accrding t the text?
A. It can be applied t any electrnics.
B. It is able t supply energy t ur cell-phnes.
C. Its pwer can be refilled by adding sme water.
D. It has reduced the envirnmental impact t the lwest.
10. What’s the main idea f paragraph 4?
A. What the paper battery cnsists f.B. Hw the paper battery wrks.
C. Where the paper battery can be applied.D. Why the paper battery is ppular.
11. What is mst likely t be the fcus f future research accrding t the researchers?
A. Hw t get rid f impacts f single-use electrnics.
B. Hw t imprve the efficiency f the paper battery.
C. Hw t reduce the demand fr single-use electrnics.
D. Hw t raise peple’s awareness f e-waste prblems.
【答案】8. D9. C10. B11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新开发的纸电池。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Anther standut feature f this paper battery is its flexibility in terms f shape and size.(这种纸电池的另一个突出特点是它在形状和尺寸方面的灵活性。)”可知，这种纸电池的一种特征是它可以制作成各种形状。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The battery starts prducing pwer arund 20 secnds after water is added, accrding t the experiments carried ut by the team.(根据该团队进行的实验，在加水后大约20秒，电池就开始发电了。)”可知，这种纸电池的电力可以通过加水来补充。故选C。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“The battery is based n a metal-air electrchemical cell. Made frm sdium chlride salt-diffused paper, it can measure as little as ne square centimeter, and is based n printed inks. All that’s needed, then, is a small amunt f water, as little as tw drps. This disslves the salts within the paper, and then activates the battery as they travel. (这种电池是基于金属-空气电化学电池。它由氯化钠盐扩散纸制成，尺寸小至1平方厘米，以印刷油墨为基础。那么，所需要的只是少量的水，只有两滴。这将溶解纸中的盐，然后在它们移动时激活电池。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了纸电池是如何工作的。故选B。
11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The researchers say they want t imprve the efficiency f the battery in the future, and get it wrking fr lnger.(研究人员表示，他们希望在未来提高电池的效率，并使其工作更长时间。)”可推知，研究人员表示，如何提高纸电池的效率最有可能是未来研究的重点。故选B。
D
With greater attentin paid t ur mental health, we need mre chances t pur ut ur anxieties. But talking t an adult abut feelings can be an uneasy experience fr children and adlescents. With this in mind, a recent study frm the University f Cambridge tested a rbt’s effectiveness in determining children’s well-being.
The study invlved 28 children between the ages f 8 and 13 and their parents r guardians cmpleting a well-being questinnaire fcused n the yung individuals. Then a human-like rbt asked the yung participants pen-ended questins abut happy and sad memries ver the last week and had them respnd t prmpts (提示) arund pictures. The parents r guardians and research team members bserved the interactin frm a separate rm.
Children with mental well being issues were likelier t divulge the extent f these prblems while talking t the rbt. Researchers thus fund they felt mre negative than stated in the initial questinnaire. On the ther hand, children withut previusly stated mental well-being cncerns presented an even mre psitive image t the rbt.
Actually, the idea that children wuld share mre with a rbt than parents r mental health prfessinals is easy t understand. “Nt all children have a secure attachment style, meaning they feel safe and cnnected t their caregivers,” says Dr. Katherine Grill, a behaviral scientist. “Children withut secure attachments ften find cmfrt in cmpanins like imaginary friends. In this instance, a rbt may serve as a practical ptin fr children t pen up abut their well-being. Even in cases where children have secure attachment styles, a rbt may prvide them with a nn-judgmental relatinship where they’re willing t share their feelings.”
“While this study demnstrates the benefit f rbts, it desn’t remve the need fr human interactin in the mental health field. Technlgy-enabled services mean digital supprt and even enhanced care, but they dn’t replace wrk with a human being,” says Dr. Aarn Haddck, assciate prfessr f Clark University. “After all, the relatinship between clients and prviders is a key driver f psitive treatment utcmes.”
12. Which f the fllwing is true abut the study?
A. The rbt raised questins t test children’s memry.
B. The children interacted with a human-like rbt alne.
C. The children were free t ask the rbt any questins.
D. The parents talked with researchers in a separate rm.
13. What des the underlined wrd “divulge” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Ignre.B. Assess.C. Reveal.D. Cntrl.
14. Why may children be willing t share mre with a rbt accrding t Dr. Katherine Grill?
A. Because rbts are mre intelligent than humans.
B. Because rbts ffer nn-judgmental relatinships.
C. Because rbts cnnect children with their caregivers.
D. Because rbts can chse imaginary friends fr the children.
15. What is Dr. Aarn Haddck’s attitude twards technlgy-enabled services?
A. Ttally psitive.B. Relatively bjective.
C. Particularly disapprving.D. Generally uncncerned.
【答案】12. B13. C14. B15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了剑桥大学的一项研究表明机器人有助于评估儿童的心理健康状况，儿童更愿意与机器人分享他们的感受。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Then a human-like rbt asked the yung participants pen-ended questins abut happy and sad memries ver the last week and had them respnd t prmpts (提示) arund pictures. The parents r guardians and research team members bserved the interactin frm a separate rm. (然后，一个人形机器人向年轻的参与者询问有关上周快乐和悲伤记忆的开放式问题，并让他们对图片周围的提示做出反应。家长或监护人和研究小组成员在一个单独的房间观察互动)”可知，在实验研究中，研究人员安排孩子与人形机器人单独互动。故选B项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Children with mental well being issues (有心理健康问题的儿童)”和下文“… the extent f these prblems while talking t the rbt. Researchers thus fund they felt mre negative than stated in the initial questinnaire. On the ther hand, children withut previusly stated mental well-being cncerns presented an even mre psitive image t the rbt. (……在与机器人交谈时，这些问题的程度。因此，研究人员发现，他们的消极情绪比最初问卷中所述的要多)”可知，此处是以问卷为参照，比较出与机器人交谈对有心理健康问题的儿童的好处，应该是可以让他们更加敞开心扉，透露自己的问题。因此，此处指更有可能透露这些问题的严重程度，divulge意思应该是“透露”，与reveal的意思接近。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中Katherine Grill博士所说的话“Children withut secure attachments ften find cmfrt in cmpanins like imaginary friends. In this instance, a rbt may serve as a practical ptin fr children t pen up abut their well-being. Even in cases where children have secure attachment styles, a rbt may prvide them with a nn-judgmental relatinship where they’re willing t share their feelings. (没有安全依恋的孩子经常在想象中的朋友之类的同伴中找到安慰。在这种情况下，机器人可以作为一个实用的选择，让孩子们敞开心扉谈论他们的幸福感。即使在孩子们有安全依恋类型的情况下，机器人也可能为他们提供一种非评判性的关系，让他们愿意分享自己的感受)”可知，Katherine Grill博士认为孩子更愿意与机器人分享感受的原因在于机器人为他们提供非评判性的关系。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Aarn Haddck博士所说的话“While this study demnstrates the benefit f rbts, it desn’t remve the need fr human interactin in the mental health field. Technlgy-enabled services mean digital supprt and even enhanced care, but they dn’t replace wrk with a human being (虽然这项研究证明了机器人的好处，但它并没有消除心理健康领域对人类互动的需求。技术支持的服务意味着数字支持，甚至是更好的护理，但它们不会取代人类的工作)”可知，Aarn Haddck博士认为技术支持的服务虽然有好处，但是无法替代人类的工作。由此可知，他对技术支持服务的态度是相对客观的。故选B项。
第二节(共5 小题; 每小题2.5分,满分 12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Failure is likely the mst tiring experience ne ever has. There is nthing mre exhausting than nt succeeding. ____16____
In the frmer case, we keep putting ff a task because it was either t bring r t difficult. And the lnger we delay it, the mre tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if nt actually physical, nt smething in ur muscles and bnes. ____17____
Years ag, I was asked t write 102 essays n the great ideas f sme famus authrs. Applying my wn rule, I determined t write them alphabetically, never letting myself leave ut a tugh idea. And I always started the day’s wrk with the mst difficult task f essay-writing. The experience prved that the rule wrks.
____18____ Thugh willing t get started, we cannt seem t d the jb right. Its difficulties appear s great that, hwever hard we wrk, we fail again and again. In such a situatin, I wrk as hard as I can then let the uncnsciusness (无意识) take ver.
When planning Encyclpedia Britannica, I had t create a table f cntents based n the tpics f its articles. Day after day, I kept cming up with slutins, but nne f them wrked. _____19_____One day, mentally exhausted, I tried t cnvince myself that the truble was with the prblem itself, nt with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep. ____20____ In the weeks that fllwed, the slutin which had cme up in my uncnscius mind prved crrect at every step. Thugh I wrked as hard as befre, I felt n fatigue. Success was nw as exciting as failure had been depressing.
Human beings, I believe must try t succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.
A. My fatigue became almst unbearable.
B. I felt depressed and gave it up eventually.
C. Perfrmance fatigue is mre difficult t handle.
D. Use yur uncnsciusness and yu can reduce yur tiredness.
E. An hur later, I wke up suddenly with the slutin clearly in mind.
F. The slutin is nt easy t apply: always handle the mst difficult jb first.
G. Here are tw ways f exhaustin ——start-up fatigue and perfrmance fatigue.
【答案】16. G17. F18. C19. A20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。围绕失败、疲劳和成功的关系展开论述，以亲身经历为例提出措施如何解决启动疲劳和执行疲劳。
【16题详解】
根据上文“There is nthing mre exhausting than nt succeeding.(没有什么比不成功更累的了)”和下文“In the frmer case, we keep putting ff a task because it was either t bring r t difficult.(在前一种情况下，我们总是推迟一项任务，因为它要么太无聊，要么太难)”可知，空格处应指出疲惫感分为两种情况，引出下文。选项G“Here are tw ways f exhaustin ——start-up fatigue and perfrmance fatigue.(由两种方式的疲劳：启动疲劳和执行疲劳)”指出了两种疲劳，符合语境。故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“In the frmer case, we keep putting ff a task because it was either t bring r t difficult. And the lnger we delay it, the mre tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if nt actually physical, nt smething in ur muscles and bnes. (在前一种情况下，我们不断推迟一项任务，因为它要么太无聊，要么太难。拖延得越久，我们就越觉得累。这种创业疲劳是非常真实，即使不是身体上的，也不是肌肉和骨骼上的。)”可推知，我们会因为拖延太无聊、太难的工作而感到疲惫不堪。选项F“The slutin is nt easy t apply: always handle the mst difficult jb first.(这种解决方案是不容易采用的：总是先处理最困难的工作)”提出了一个解决这种情况的办法，即先处理最困难的事，符合语境。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据下文“Thugh willing t get started, we cannt seem t d the jb right. Its difficulties appear s great that, hwever hard we wrk, we fail again and again.”（虽然我们愿意开始，但似乎不能把工作做好。无论我们多么努力，它的困难都显得如此之大，以致于我们一次又一次地失败。）可知，此处讲述另一种疲劳——表现疲劳。选项C意为“Perfrmance fatigue is mre difficult t handle.(表现疲劳更难处理。)”符合本段段意，故选C。
【19题详解】
上文“When planning Encyclpedia Britannica, I had t create a table f cntents based n the tpics f its articles. Day after day, I kept cming up with slutins, but nne f them wrked.(在规划《大英百科全书》时，我必须根据文章的主题创建一个目录。日复一日，我不断想出解决办法，但没有一个奏效。)”讲述作者在做一项任务时，日复一日的想不出可行的办法，选项A “My fatigue became almst unbearable.( 我的疲劳几乎无法忍受。)”承接上文，总是想不出解决办法，让我疲惫不堪，故选A。
【20题详解】
根据上文“One day, mentally exhausted, I tried t cnvince myself that the truble was with the prblem itself, nt with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.(一天，我精疲力尽，试着说服自己，麻烦出在问题本身，而不是我。我松了一口气，靠在安乐椅上睡着了。)”和下文“In the weeks that fllwed, the slutin which had cme up in my uncnscius mind and prved crrect at every step.”（在接下来的几个星期里，在我的潜意识里想出了解决办法，而且每一步都证明是正确的。）可知，此空处讲述的作者睡着了，如释重负，醒来有了解决办法，选项E“An hur later, I wke up suddenly with the slutin clearly in mind. (一个小时后，我突然醒来，脑海中清晰地浮现出解决方案。)”承上启下，躺在安乐椅上睡着了，醒来之后，有了解决的方法，故选E。
第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分)
第一节(共15 小题；每小题1分，满分 15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When yu get int a perid and everything ges against yu, till it seems as thugh yu culd nt hang n a minute lnger, never give up. Facing up t these tugh times, wrking thrugh them, I make myself better.
I grew up in suburban Pittsburgh with my mther and 3 yunger siblings (兄弟姐妹). My mm was a single mther and ____21____ a minimum wage jb, s we never had much. Nevertheless, that was OK, and we made ends meet anyhw.
In High Schl, I gt a jb at a lcal bakery, and started saving mney fr cllege. I was____22____ int the University f Pittsburgh and received sme schlarships that cvered my tuitin. I culdn’t affrd the ____23____ because it was much t expensive fr me. I put a mattress (床垫) n the flr f the ld van (旅行拖车) frm my hme and slept there fr the next 2 years.
The weather in Pittsburgh was ____24____, super ht and humid in summer and freezing cld and snwy in winter. Being hmeless frced me t ____25____ everything the campus ffered since I wanted t spend as ____26____ time in my van as pssible. I ____27____ spending mst f my time thrughut the week at the ____28____ studying and reviewing classrm material a lt mre than I wuld have if I had the cmfrt f ging hme and ____29____ the TV r falling asleep fr hurs in my rm. Occupying myself in the library really helped me _____30_____ in my academic studies.
I als made a lt f new friends by meeting peple _____31_____ and attending speeches, plays and charities. Befre cllege I wuld have cnsidered myself _____32_____, I didn’t really speak much_____33_____ spken t, but I mved ut f my cmfrt zne and did new things. I really develped a (n)_____34_____ persnality.
I really think that dealing with all the _____35_____ I had t g thrugh really shaped me int a better persn. Nw I have gt a really gd jb and I’ve even been able t help my mther ut a little bit. It just feels gd!
21. A. fferedB. sughtC. changedD. ceased
22. A. enteredB. recmmendedC. admittedD. recgnized
23. A. mealB. husingC. transprtD. clthing
24. A. pleasantB. awfulC. mildD. changeable
25. A. take nte fB. take pssessin fC. take charge fD. take advantage f
26. A. manyB. fewC. littleD. much
27. A. stayed upB. ended upC. gt upD. summed up
28. A. libraryB. vanC. drmitryD. park
29. A. putting upB. taking nC. turning upD. switching n
30. A. existB. fadeC. excelD. insist
31. A. ptentiallyB. emtinallyC. sciallyD. individually
32. A. shyB. easy-gingC. aggressiveD. talkative
33. A. sinceB. nceC. ifD. unless
34. A. criticalB. utgingC. gentleD. dd
35. A. cnsequencesB. strugglesC. failuresD. experiences
【答案】21. A22. C23. B24. B25. D26. C27. B28. A29. D30. C31. C32. A33. D34. B35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为家境贫寒，大学时虽然有一笔奖学金，但仍不够支付住宿费。他选择住在旅行拖车里。他克服种种困难，刻苦学习，积极锻炼，最终有了回报。作者认为，经历那些不得不经历的斗争，让自己成为了一个更好的人。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈是个单亲妈妈，她得到一份最低工资的工作，所以我们一直没什么钱。A. ffered提供；B. sught寻找；C. changed改变；D. ceased停止，结束。根据“s we never had much”可知，给妈妈的是一份低工资的工作。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被匹兹堡大学录取，并获得了一些奖学金来支付我的学费。A. entered进入；B. recmmended推荐；C. admitted承认；D. recgnized识别。根据“int the University f Pittsburgh and received sme schlarships that cvered my tuitin.”可知，作者被匹兹堡大学录取了。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我买不起房子，因为对我来说太贵了。A. meal一餐；B. husing房屋；C. transprt运输；D. clthing衣服。根据“I put a mattress (床垫) n the flr f the ld van (旅行拖车) frm my hme and slept there fr the next 2 years.”可知，作者买不起房子。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：匹兹堡的天气很糟糕，夏天超级炎热潮湿，冬天寒冷多雪。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. awful糟糕的；C. mild温和的；D. changeable易变的。根据“super ht and humid in summer and freezing cld and snwy in winter.”可知，此处指天气很糟糕。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：无家可归迫使我利用校园提供的一切，因为我想尽可能少地呆在我的旅行拖车里。A. take nte f注意到；B. take pssessin f占有，拥有；C. take charge f负责；D. take advantage f充分利用。根据“since I wanted t spend as ____6____ time in my van as pssible.”可知，作者尽量利用校园提供的一切。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. many许多的（修饰可数名词）；B. few几个，很少（修饰可数名词）；C. little小的，少的（修饰不可数名词）；D. much许多的，大量的（修饰不可数名词）。根据“Being hmeless frced me t ____5____ everything the campus ffered”可知，作者希望待在车里的时间越少越好。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：最后，我一周的大部分时间都花在图书馆学习和复习课堂材料上，比我回到家打开电视或在房间里睡上几个小时舒服得多。A. stayed up熬夜；B. ended up结束；C. gt up起床；D. summed up总结。根据“Occupying myself in the library”可知，最后，作者一周的大部分时间都花在图书馆学习和复习课堂材料上。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. library图书馆；B. van旅行拖车；C. drmitry宿舍；D. park公园。根据“Occupying myself in the library”可知，此处为信息词library的词汇复现。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. putting up搭建，张贴；B. taking n承担；C. turning up出现；D. switching n打开。根据“the TV”可知，此处表示打开电视。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在图书馆埋头苦读确实帮助我在学业上取得了优异的成绩。A. exist存在；B. fade逐渐消失；C. excel擅长，突出；D. insist坚持。根据上文“I ____7____ spending mst f my time thrughut the week at the ____8____ studying and reviewing classrm material a lt”可知，作者大多数时间在图书馆学习，使得他在学业上取得了优异成绩。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我还通过社交、参加演讲、戏剧和慈善活动结交了很多新朋友。A. ptentially潜在地；B. emtinally情感上；C. scially在社会上；D. individually个别地。根据“attending speeches, plays and charities.”可知，作者参加了许多社交活动。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在上大学之前，我会认为自己很害羞，除非别人跟我说话，否则我很少说话，但我走出了自己的舒适区，做了新的事情。A. shy害羞的；B. easy-ging随和的；C. aggressive有进取心的；D. talkative健谈的。根据“I didn’t really speak much”可知，作者认为自己很害羞。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意同上。A. since自从；B. nce一旦；C. if如果；D. unless除非。根据“I didn’t really speak much”可知，作者不喜欢言谈，除非别人开口找自己说话。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我真的养成了外向的性格。A. critical批判的；B. utging外向的；C. gentle温柔的；D. dd奇怪的。根据“but I mved ut f my cmfrt zne and did new things.”可知，作者做出改变，养成了外向的性格。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我真的认为，处理我必须经历的所有斗争真的把我塑造成了一个更好的人。A. cnsequences后果，结果；B. struggles斗争，奋斗；C. failures失败；D. experiences经历，经验。根据上文“Facing up t these tugh times, wrking thrugh them, I make myself better.”可知，作者认为自己所经历的挣扎把自己塑造成一个更好的人。故选B。
第二节(共20小题; 每小题1.5 分,满分30分)
根据句意和提示用正确的单词把句子补充完整。
The Shenzhu-17 spacecraft flew high int the sky frm the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Nrthwest China n Thursday mrning, ____36____ the significant ccasin f the 20th anniversary f China's first manned spaceflight the Shenzhu-5.
Sitting n the tp f the Lng March 2F Y17 carrier rcket, ____37____ (taiknaut) Tang Hngb, Tang Shengjie, and Jiang Xinlin, cmmitted ____38____ (they) t the jurney t ward the China Space Statin. Fllwing a smth flight f arund 10 minutes, the Shenzhu-17 spacecraft entered its planned rbit, ____39____ (mark) a successful launch, ____40____ was released by the China Manned Space Agency(CMSA). The cperatin between the tw crew grups ____41____(apparent) signals a giant step in China's nging space explratin.
In the past 20 years, China has carried ut 12 such crewed missins invlving ____42____latest Shenzhu 17 missin ____43____ (acknwledge) as a great achievement. Since its flight in1999, the Lng March 2F rcket, the cuntry's first and nly manned carrier rcket, ____44____(maintain) a perfect recrd rate. The Shenzhu-17 crewed flight missin has sme crucial bjectives, including the in rbit crew rtatin(机组轮换) and several experiments ____45____ (cnduct) in April 2024.
【答案】36. n 37. taiknauts
38. themselves
39. marking
40. which##as
41. apparently
42. the43. acknwledged
44. has maintained
45. t be cnducted
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了中国载人航天第十二次任务——神舟十七号成功发射，标志着中国载人航天20周年的重要里程碑。神舟十七号宇航员唐洪波、唐放洁和姜新林宣誓执行任务，乘坐长征二号F火箭进入轨道，合作团队间的配合迈出了中国航天探索过程中的重要一步。此次任务主要目标包括机组轮换和多项实验，将于2024年4月进行。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：周四上午，神舟17号飞船从中国西北部的酒泉卫星发射中心飞向天空，这是中国首次载人航天飞行神舟5号20周年的重要时刻。句中n the ccasin为固定短语，意为“在……场合”。故填n。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：航天员唐洪波、唐圣杰和蒋新林坐在长征2F运载火箭的顶部，承诺前往中国空间站的旅程。分析句子，设空处使用名词作主语，taiknaut意为“航天员”，此处表示复数意义。故填taiknauts。
【38题详解】
考查代词。句意：同上。分析句子，句中cmmit neself t为固定短语，意为“某人致力于”。故填themselves。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：经过大约10分钟的平稳飞行，神舟17号飞船进入计划轨道，标志着一次成功的发射，这是由中国载人航天局(CMSA)发布的。句中entered为谓语动词，mark与前文为主动关系，所以空处使用非谓语动词现在分词作状语。故填marking。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代前文的事实即经过大约10分钟的平稳飞行，神舟17号飞船进入计划轨道，标志着一次成功的发射，用which；或者表示“正如中国载人航天局(CMSA)发布的”，使用as引导非限制性定语从句。故填which或者as。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：两组宇航员合作显然标志着中国正在进行的太空探索迈出了一大步。分析句子，设空处使用apparent的副词apparently作状语，意为“显然地”。故填apparently。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在过去的20年里，中国已经执行了12次这样的载人飞行任务，包括最近的神舟17号任务被认为是伟大的成就。分析句子，句中latest为最高级，设空处应该使用定冠词。故填the。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。句中has carried为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处latest Shenzhu 17 missin 与acknwledge之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填acknwledged。
【44题详解】
考查动词。句意：作为我国首枚也是唯一一枚载人运载火箭，长征二号f火箭自1999年发射以来，一直保持着完美的发射速度记录。分析句子，句中since its flight in1999，表示动作从过去发生对现在有影响。故使用现在完成时。故填has maintained。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：神舟17号载人飞行任务有一些关键目标，包括在轨机组人员旋转和2024年4月进行的几项实验。分析句子，has为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，根据in April 2024表示动作未发生，故使用不定式结构作定语，此处experiments与cnduct之间是被动关系，故使用不定式的被动结构。故填t be cnducted。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华,你刚参加完国际科创比赛 ITIC(Internatinal Tech Innvatin Cntest) 并获得了一等奖。你的交换生朋友 Mike作为参赛同伴，给予了你很多帮助和鼓励。现在他将回国，请你给他写一封感谢信。
内容包括：
1. 表示感谢；
2. 回顾帮助；
3. 临别祝愿。
写作要求: 1. 词数 80词左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 信的开头与结尾已给出。
Dear Mike,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mike,
Knwing that yu are returning hme, I am writing with the bjective f extending my sincere gratitude fr yur generus encuragement and help during the ITIC.
Befre the cmpetitin, it was yu wh ffered numerus brilliant and creative ideas fr its preparatin, which cntributed a lt t ur first prize. During the cntest, yu gave me cntinuus guidance, frm which I benefited a lt. What impressed me mst is yur calmness and prfund knwledge despite the fierceness f the cntest and the pressure frm the rivals. If it hadn't been yur assistance, I wuldn't have cmpleted the cntest successfully. Therefre, nt nly des the award demnstrate the success in ur cperatin, but it als prves yur capability.
Wrds fail t express my heartfelt appreciatin t yu. I hpe there will be anther chance fr us t cperate tgether. May yu be happy and smth every day.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李华，你刚参加完国际科创比赛 ITIC(Internatinal Tech Innvatin Cntest) 并获得了一等奖。你的交换生朋友 Mike作为参赛同伴，给予了你很多帮助和鼓励。现在他将回国，请你给他写一封感谢信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：cmpetitin/ cntest→match
表达：extend/ express→cnvey
目的：bjective→gal
高兴的：happy→glad
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：During the cntest, yu gave me cntinuus guidance, frm which I benefited a lt.
拓展句：During the cntest, yu gave me cntinuus guidance s that I benefited a lt frm it.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knwing that yu are returning hme, I am writing with the bjective f extending my sincere gratitude fr yur generus encuragement and help during the ITIC. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] If it hadn't been yur assistance, I wuldn't have cmpleted the cntest successfully. (运用了虚拟语气)
第二节(满分 25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Once upn a time, in a small twn lcated near the edge f a vast frest, tw adventurus suls named Jhn and David had lng been keen t g deep int the heart f nature. One day, armed with their backpacks, they determined t explre the frest. The villagers had warned them t stick t the main path, cautining that there culd be hunters’ traps elsewhere, but the appeal f the charming frest was t great t resist.
As they cnfidently ventured deeper int the frest, its beauty unflded befre their eyes. An hur later, driven by the hunger fr the unknwn, they made a decisin t take the less-traveled path, making marks alng the way carefully as they went. Fr anther tw hurs, they bserved varius flwers, tk pictures f strange-shaped rcks and marveled at the breathtaking scenery. The frest seemed t be a wrld f its wn, untuched by human presence. Everything appeared s beautiful.
Hwever, little did they knw that danger was hidden under their feet. As they went further, they realized that their phnes had lst signal, and they were cmpletely cut ff frm the utside wrld. Suddenly, Jhn stepped frward and felt the grund gave way beneath him. Befre he knew it, he had fallen int a hidden pit(深坑), his leg trapped by the wden spikes(尖刺) lining the bttm. Pain sht thrugh his bdy as he cried ut fr help.
Upn hearing Jhn’s crying ut in pain, David quickly ran t the edge f the pit, desperately trying t find a way t pull his friend ut. Hwever, his effrts were in vain. “Jhn, are yu kay? Can yu mve yur leg?” asked David wrriedly. Jhn winced in pain as he tried t mve his injured leg, “I think I’ve hurt my leg, David. It aches a lt.” “It’s ging t be kay, Jhn,” David cmfrted him, “I’ll find a way t get yu ut f here!” With n phne signal and nightfall appraching, David knew he had t act fast.
注意：1. 续写词数应为 150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
He culdn’t pull Jhn ut f the pit, s he decided t get ut and seek help.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tgether, they jurneyed back t where Jhn awaited rescue.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】He culdn’t pull Jhn ut f the pit, s he decided t get ut and seek help. With a heavy heart, he departed frm Jhn and pressed nward as swiftly as pssible. David ran with all his might, retracing their earlier steps and shuting fr help, his vice eching thrugh the vast emptiness, hping that smene might hear his cries. Minutes felt like hurs, and with each passing secnd, his anxiety grew. Just when he thught all hpe was lst, David sptted a grup f villagers nt t far away. Relief flded thrugh him as he waved his arms and yelled t attract their attentin. Upn appraching them, David gasped fr breath and explained everything t the villagers. They quickly gathered supplies and frmed a rescue party.
Tgether, they jurneyed back t where Jhn awaited rescue. The rescue party wrked quickly, using rpes t lift Jhn ut f the pit. Hardly had Jhn emerged than he was greeted with cheers and applause frm the grup. They tended t his wunds, which were frtunately nt that serius, and helped him t his feet. Exhausted but relieved, Jhn’s heart verflwed with gratitude t David and the villagers, whse unwavering supprt and kindness served as a saving grace. Their jurney taught them the imprtance f preparatin, cautin, and respect fr nature’s unpredictable pwer. Bth men knew that this experience wuld stay with them frever, a testament t the pwer f friendship and determinatin in the face f adversity.
【解析】
【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了爱冒险的Jhn和David不顾村民的警告，去森林探险时被迷人的风景吸引住，不知不觉走到森林深处。他们的手机失去了信号，他们与外界完全隔绝了，突然，Jhn掉进了陷阱里面，腿被底部的木钉卡住了。David听到Jhn痛苦的呼喊，拼命想办法把他的朋友拉出来，没有手机信号，夜幕降临，大卫知道他必须迅速行动。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他无法把Jhn从坑里拉出来，所以他决定出去寻求帮助。”可知，第一段可描写David寻找帮助并且最终找到救援队的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“他们一起回到Jhn等待救援的地方。”可知，第二段可描写在救援队的帮助下，Jhn被救了出来，以及通过他们的故事得到的教训。
2.续写线索：David大声呼救——发现一群村民——David挥动双手，吸引注意力——靠近村民，解释情况——组成救援队——救出Jhn——Jhn感到筋疲力尽——心里充满感激——教训
3.词汇激活
行为类
大声呼救：shut fr help/ cry ut lustily fr help
吸引注意力：attract ne’s attentin/draw ne’s attentin
解释：explain/accunt fr
组成：frm/make up
情绪类
宽慰的：relieved/ emllient
筋疲力尽的：exhausted/dg-tired
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Hardly had Jhn emerged than he was greeted with cheers and applause frm the grup.（运用了部分倒装）
[高分句型2]
They tended t his wunds, which were frtunately nt that serius, and helped him t his feet.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
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