中考专项指导2：阅读理解课件PPT

这是一份中考专项指导2：阅读理解课件PPT，共52页。PPT课件主要包含了目 录，链接中考等内容，欢迎下载使用。
The imprtance f reading
Open up a whle new wrld…
中考学生应达到五级综合语言运用能力
ReadingCmprehensin
能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义
能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系
能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局
能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息
Teaching Aims
一、命题考点Different types f questins
Different types f questins
T find ut the main idea主旨题
T lk fr details细节题
T guess the meaning词义猜测题
T infer a cnclusin推断题
二、高分攻略 High-scre Strategies
*常见题干 Questins
*例题剖析 Examples
*解题策略 Useful skills
T find ut the main idea
Get t knw the main idea r tpic
What questins are ften asked?
（1）What’s the passage mainly abut ?（2）What’s the main idea f this passage ?（3）What’s the tpic sentence f this article ?
（4）What’s the best title fr this passage ?
（5）The purpse f this passage is t _____（6）In the passage the writer tries t tell us that __.
D yu want t travel t cl places, meet freigners, and learn a freign language? If yu want, cnsider a study abrad prgramme. N matter which cuntry yu live in, yu can learn wrld trade in Japan, study art in France, r take dancing lessns in Ghana. Besides the excitement f travel, ne reasn t study abrad is that yu will experience new custms, hlidays, fd, art and music. Andrew was a student wh nce studied in France. He said, “I learnt French and nw I can speak French fluently. When I was in France, I learnt abut cultures, peple and myself. I learnt a lt frm the stand (立场)f an active member f the cuntry, nt frm a turist’s stand.” Anther reasn fr studying abrad is that yu’ll gain self-cnfidence. Christina studied in Caracas, Venezuela(委内瑞拉) a city f 10 millin peple. The city is different frm her hmetwn. Christina said she learnt hw t express herself in anther language. That made her mre cnfident. Living away frm hme can als help yu adjust in the transitin（过渡）t cllege and adulthd. Matthew said he returned frm studying in Australia with cnfidence and practical knwledge. “After having gne abrad in high schl, I tund the transitin t cllege easy Mving560 miles frm hme didn‘t seem particularly daunting（使人气馁的)after having lived thusands f miles away.
主题句出现在段首，随之围绕主题展开，用细节来支撑或推进全篇。Tpic sentences usually tell the main idea.
正三角形写作法：中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式。
Underline the tpic sentence
D yu want t travel t cl places, meet freigners, and learn a freign language? If yu want, cnsider a study abrad prgramme. N matter which cuntry yu live in, yu can learn wrld trade in Japan, study art in France, r take dancing lessns in Ghana. Besides the excitement f travel, ne reasn t study abrad is that yu will experience new custms, hlidays, fd, art and music. Andrew was a student wh nce studied in France. He said, "I learnt French and nw I can speak French fluently. When I was in France, I learnt abut cultures, peple and myself. I learnt a lt frm the stand (t)f an active member f the cuntry. nt frm a turist‘s stand.” Anther reasn fr studying abrad is that yu ll gain self-cnfidence. Christina studied in Caracas, Venezuela(委内瑞拉) a city f 10 millin peple. The city is different frm her hmetwn. Christina said she learnt hw t express herself in anther language. That made her mre cnfident. Living away frm hme can als help yu adjust in the transitin（过渡）t cllege and adulthd. Matthew said he returned frm studying in Australia with cnfidence and practical knwledge. "After having gne abrad in high schl, I fund the transitin t cllege easy Mving560 miles frm hme didn't seem particularly daunting（冷令人气馁的)after having lived thusands f miles away.
What's the main idea f the passage?A. It's abut the way we learn a freign language.B. It's abut hw we can get self-cnfidenceC. It's abut the way t learn abut ther cuntries' 's abut the reasn why we study abrad
In ancient times, there was a musician named Gng Mingyi, wh was very gd at playing the zheng, a kind f string instrument. A great number f peple liked t listen t him play, and respected him very much.One day, Gng Mingyi saw a cw eating grass in the field when he was having fun in the cuntryside. He thught, "Everybdy likes my music. Why dn't I play sme music fr this cw? He played a piece f sad music fr the cw, but the cw just kept eating the grass with its head dwn. He played anther piece f jyful music. He played beautifully and even he was satisfied with himself. But the cw still kept its head dwn eating the grass. Gng Mingyi was surprised and disappinted t see that. He culdn't understand why the cw ignred him cmpletely. He started t questin his ability. A man passed by and said t him, “It's nt because yu played badly. It is because the cw cannt understand music at all.”Tday, the stry "playing the lute t a cw" reminds us that when we d smething, we shuld nt chse the wrng listeners.
What can we learn frm the stry? · A. Gng Mingyi didn't play the lute well.· B. The cw culd understand Gng Mingyi well.· C. We shuld nt chse the wrng listeners while ding smething.· D. We shuld cncentrate n a thing while thers want t disturb us.
倒三角形写作法：即主题句出现在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。
解题策略 Useful skills
高频词，关键词A+关键词B+；不能太大；不能太小
As an ld Chinese saying ges, fd is what matters mst t peple. A Bite f China Seasn Tw, all abut the histry and culture f eating and cking in China, bradcast n CCTV-1 frm April 18 t June 6. Fd plays an imprtant rle in ur daily life. It is als ne f the mst imprtant parts f Chinese culture. Besides the rich fd culture in China, A Bite f China Seasn Tw als wants t shw the jys and sadnesses f rdinary Chinese in changing times thrugh fd.
What des the prgram want t tell us?
A. The develpment f Chinese histry. B. The histry and culture f Chinese fd. C. An intrductin t Chinese culture.D. Feelings f rdinary Chinese.
What des the prgramme want t tell us?A. The develpment f Chinese histry. B. The histry and culture f Chinese fd. C. An intrductin t Chinese culture.D. Feelings f rdinary Chinese.
Tip: Read the first and the last paragraph. Smetimes, the secnd.
T lk fr details
Pay attentin t facts and details
1）Which f the fllwing statement is true?2）Which f the fllwing statement is NOT true?3）Which f the fllwing is nt mentined in the text?4）The authr ( r the passage) states that___.5）Accrding t the passage, when ( where, why, hw, wh, what, which, etc.)___?6）Which f the rders is crrect accrding t the passage？7）The authr gives the example in…paragraph in rder t…
Starting frm September, all university freshmen(大一新生)in Jiangsu have t pass a special exam n telecm fraud. Students wh scre less than 80 n the test will have t take it again.University freshman wh scres ____ desn’t have t take the special exam n telecm fraud again. A. 79 B. 60 C. 70 D. 92
Tip: The questin itself must be read carefully.
T lk fr details细节题Numbers 数字类
telecm fraud
Steve Jbs was the frmer CEO f the Apple cmputer cmpany which was set up in his parents' garage (车库) n April Fl's Day, 1976. Thrugh many years' hard wrk, Jbs and his Apple prducts were a great success. Peple believe he has made the wrld a better place. Many yung peple als think f Apple prducts as a fashin icn.
1.Where did Jbs set up the Apple cmputer cmpany? A. In his wn huse B. In his friend's huse C. In his friend's garage D. In his parents' garage
T lk fr details细节题Wh-questins 特殊疑问词类
Elena jgged with her dad in sme empty lts. But the lts were full f rcks and rubbish. One day , Elena saw a sign n the lts. It said, “ New City Park.” Elena was excited. Elena tld her parents abut the sign. “I read abut the park in the newspaper,” said Elena’s father. “The city wants vlunteers t help clean the area. Then the city will build a sccer and a playgrund. (2011南京) ① Hw did Elena knw the city needed vlunteers t help clean the lts? A. Her father tld her abut it. B. She read it in the newspaper. C. She learned it frm a sign. D. She was tld by ther vlunteers.
带题查阅速定位，提高答题针对性
T lk fr details细节题Wh-questins 问题类
Extreme irning is a special kind f utdr sprt. It cmbines danger and excitement with practical irning.There are, f curse, sme rules in extreme irning. The irning must be utdrs. (2010南京) ②Hw d extreme irners feel when they d the sprt? A. They feel bred with extreme irning. B. They feel excited althugh it is dangerus. C. They feel very frightened neat the tp f Everest. D. They feel lnely in the places far away frm their hmes.
慧眼识别同义句，句式转换藏于心。
◆ The wrld’s first rbt teacher is Saya. With her human-like face, she can shw expressins like happiness, surprise, sadness, dislike, fear and anger, which lk much like a real teacher’s. (2011连云港）③ What makes Saya lk real? A. Her face and rich expressins.B. Her clthes and shes.C. Her walking and running speedD. Her rich knwledge
对比题目和原文，句子结构巧分析
T lk fr details细节题rder 排序类
定位原文标序号，时间顺序最重要。（可先排除错误选项）
1.名词（大写，数字）
1.再现原文
2.原文改写
3.正话反说
4.信息简化
1.无中生有
2.张冠李戴
3.过分绝对all
4.偷换概念
5.截然相反
T guess the meaning
（1）the wrd “….” In the passage prbably means_______.（2）The wrd “….”is clsed in meaning t________.（3）“” culd best be replaced by which f the fllwing ?（5）Here “it” means _______（6） What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd “______” （7）The underlined wrd “it” in the passage refers t______.
T guess the meaning词义猜测题
Guess the meaning f the wrd accrding t the cntext.
Yu shuldn't have blamed him fr that，fr it wasn't his fault.
blame 责备
The herdman, wh lks after sheep, earns abut 650 yuan a year. The underlined wrd means______. A.商人 B.工人 C.牧人 D.农民
Cauliflwer, like many ther kinds f vegetables, can be grwn in this part f the cuntry. The clse meaning f the underlined wrd “Cauliflwer” is _____ in English. A. vegetable B. fruit C. game D. flwer
利用文中的距离猜测词义。常见的举例词有：fr instance; fr example; such as 等
The cmputer als cunts the lads and gives a signal by phne when the bx is full. And a special piece f equipment breaks up the nnrecyalables.The underlined wrd means_____in Chinese.A. 不可循环利用的东西B. 没有意义的事情C.不可承受的事情D.可回收利用的东西
After nticing the prblem, Linda had an idea. She quit her jb and set up a website t help Chinese peple get better English names.The underlined wrd “quit” means _______ in the passage. A. cntinued B.lked fr C.gave up D.lved
nnrecyalables.
able adj.后缀
阅读中可运用合成，转化，派生等构词知识来猜测语义。通过分析词缀及词根，不仅可猜测单词含义，还有利于扩大词汇量。
可根据上下文的语境提示，运用逻辑推理来猜测生词词义。
Related : 8A U8 Study skills: Creating new wrds.
T infer a cnclusin
（1）we can infer frm the passage that_________（2）Frm the stry we can guess _______（3）What wuld happen if…__________（4）The writer believes/suggest that________（5）The writer’s attidute(态度) is that________（6） In this passage the writer tries t tell us that___.（7）The article is prbably frm___(推断文章的出处)
Infer and judge accrding t the passage.
Why isn’t yur newspaper reprting any gd news？All I read abut is rbbery,disasters, and death. T be hnest, I’m sick f all the bad news. This writer is _____ the newspaper reprting. A . pleased with B. patient with C. nt satisfied with D. nt angry with
T infer a cnclusin推断题-- writer’s attidute
Tip: Infer the cnclusin accrding t the passage.
He nrmally ges hme between tw and three ’clck in the mrning. There are times he has t stay lnger and try t make mre runs. He said, “That’s the wrst thing abut wrking fr yurself. If yu dn’t make mney, n ne is ging t give it t yu.”（2011 无锡） 2. Lndn taxi driver try t make mre runs smetimes mainly because __________ A. they make a living by driving B. If yu dn’t make mney, n ne is ging t give it t yu.C. they want t help mre passengersD. they are used t wrking deep int the night
I decided that I wuld save my paper delivery(送) mney, and in three weeks I had the seven dllars that I thught wuld cver the cst f her windw. I put the mney in an envelpe (信封) with a nte saying that I was srry fr breaking her windw and hped that the seven dllars wuld cver the cst f repairing it. The next day, I handed the ld lady her paper. She thanked me fr the paper and gave me a bag f biscuits she had made herself. I thanked her and ate the biscuits as I cntinued my rute. After several biscuits, I felt an envelpe and pulled it ut f the bag. When I pened the envelpe, I was shcked. Inside were the seven dllars and a shrt nte that said, “ I’m prud f yu.”
What can we infer（推断）frm the stry?A. The ld lady was such a rich wman that she didn’t care abut the mney. B. The ld lady frgave the by and returned him the mney.C. The ld lady was t prud t accept the mney the by paid fr the brken windw.D. The ld lady didn’t frgive the by thugh he said srry t her.
Tips: 根据题干中的关键词，在文中寻找线索，推断文章内容或作者意图。
文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做判断
Infer and judge accrding t the passage. 推理判断重原文Always keep in mind what the writer wants t tell us. 作者意图记心中Never guess accrding t yur wn ideas. 切忌主观乱猜测
三、真题演绎 Practice makes perfect
Have yu ever asked yur relatives r friends if there is Wi-Fi in their huses? Have yu ever searched fr Wi-Fi when yu are at restaurants r htels? The answers will prbably be “Yes”. Mst f us want Wi-Fi everywhere as if we can’t live withut it. But we can nly use free Wi-Fi in sme public places. We still have t spend sme mney accessing (连接) the Internet at mst time. Here cmes a piece f gd news. A rich, pwerful rganizatin in the USA called the Media Develpment Investment Fund (MDIF) has decided t change the age f nline cmputing (计算) cmpletely by giving free Wi-Fi t every persn n Earth. They will send up hundreds f satellites int lw Earth rbit (轨道) in 2015. This is because they have made a survey and fund that nly 60% f the wrld’s ppulatin have been able t get infrmatin n the Internet. And this is als because many cuntries are unable t ffer peple the necessary infrastructure (基础设施) t access the web. We can expect t use free Wi-Fi everywhere in the near future.
We can infer frm Para. 1 _____________. A. We can use free Wi-Fi anywhere. B. We can’t live withut Wi-Fi. C. We pay fr using Wi-Fi at mst time. D. We use Wi-Fi fr free2. The underlined phrase send-up in the passage means ___________. A. 发送 B. 发射 C. 派人去请 D. 驱逐3. Which f the fllwing sentences is true? A. MDIF has decided t change the age f nline cmputing. B. MDIF will send up thusands f satellites int lw Earth rbitin. C. MDIF is a rich and pwerful rganizatin in the UK. D. MDIF wn’t prvide free Wifi fr peple.4. What’s the best title fr the passage? A. Free Wi-Fi in the future. B. The pwerful rganizatin MDIF. C. Hw t use Wi-Fi D. A survey n Wi-Fi
Reading Cmprehensin
细节理解题 Lking fr details
主旨归纳题 Finding ut main ideas
推理判断题 Inferring a cnclusin
词义猜测题 Guessing meanings
1. Why culdn’t Bunny fall asleep n Christmas Eve? A. He wanted t take a clse lk at Santa Claus. B. He was waiting fr his special present frm his father. C. He was thinking abut what present t get frm Santa. D. He was wken up by a nise n the rf f his huse.
He still culdn’t think f what he wanted as a special Christmas present.
2. The underlined phrase “cut ut” prbably means . A. suitable B. famus C. ready D. bad
“Nt me, I’m afraid. It makes me scared. I always feel sick when it cmes t flying,” replied Ralph. “But everyne wanted me t pull Santa’s sled, s when it was my turn I gave it a try. I’m afraid I just wasn’t cut ut fr the jb. Nw I’m stuck here and I dn’t knw hw t get back t the Nrth Ple.”
3. What can we learn frm the article?A. Ralph is a brwn dg with antlers.B. Ralph is afraid f flying in the air.C. Bunny gt a sled as a Christmas present.D. Bunny sent Ralph back t the Nrth Ple.
Bunny almst mistk it fr a dg. “Are yu a reindeer?” asked Bunny.“Yes,”
“Well, if yu like, yu can stay with us as a friend,” said Bunny. As he made the ffer, Bunny suddenly realized the special present he wanted frm Santa was a new friend!
4. This article seems t tell us that _____.Santa lives in the Suth Ple with his reindeerB. Santa usually puts Christmas presents n the rfs C. Santa uses dgs t bring children presents n Christmas EveD. Santa knws what presents children want withut being tld
Lts f presents were put under the Christmas tree, but Santa was gne.
He wndered hw Santa — Father Christmas wuld knw what t bring him if he didn’t knw himself.…As he made the ffer, Bunny suddenly realized the special present he wanted frm Santa was a new friend!
Imagine yu are walking thrugh the wds and yu see a small dg. It lks cute and friendly. Suddenly it barks and tries t bite yu. The dg n lnger seems cute and yu feel afraid and pssibly angry. Then, as the wind blws, the leaves n the grund are carried away and yu see the dg has leg caught in a trap. Nw, yu take pity n the dg. Yu knw it becmes unfriendly because it is in pain.We all judge(评判) thers all the time. It might be ver small things, like a wrkmate wh takes t lng f a lunch break. Or it might be ver bigger matters, such as a persn wh behaves selfishly. There are many reasns why we judge thers. It is human nature t find a way t survive. When we see a dg(r a persn) that might bite us, f curse we feel threatened(威胁). We becme nervus, want t fight back and are unable t see the pssible reasns fr anther’s behavir. Althugh judgment is a natural reactin(反应), try t catch yurself befre yu speak, fr yu can’t get yur wrds back. Make a shrt stp. Try t change yur thught int a psitive(正面的) ne. After all, like that dg in the trap, we really dn’t knw the reasns fr smene’s behavir.When smene disagrees with us, remember that it’s usually nt abut us. It may be abut their pain r struggle(挣扎). Why nt give thers the right t express their dubt? “Never underestimate the pain f a persn,” Will Smith said, “because everyne is struggling. Sme peple are better at hiding it than thers”.
1.The writer talks abut the dg in the 1stparagraph t ____.A. give an example B. make a cmparisnC. share a gd stry D. set the backgrund 2.Accrding t the writer, we usually judge thers______.A. ver big matters instead f small nes B. after thinking carefully abut their situatinC. abut the real reasns behind their behavirD. fr ur wn survival when feeling threatened3. What des the underlined sentence ”Never underestimate the pain f a persn” mean?A. Never believe thers have pain. B. Never pay attentin t thers’ pain.C. Never think thers’ pain is bigger than it really is.D. Never think thers’ pain is smaller than it really is the best title f the passage?A. The Best Way t Judge B. T Late t JudgeC. Think Twice Befre Yu Judge D. Yu’ve Gt a Reasn t Judge
Read again and check answers
Scan in details t answer the Qs
Read thrugh the Qs carefully
Skim t get the main idea
A gd read is a gd friend!
Enjy reading (热爱阅读)
Taste literature（品味文学）
Inspire life（感悟人生）
Review the reading cmprehensin we’ve dne recently and rethink the skills we have learned tday. Finish the exercise.