初中必备：英语语法梳理和提高(含经典例题带解析练习及答案

这是一份初中必备：英语语法梳理和提高(含经典例题带解析练习及答案，共62页。试卷主要包含了 可数名词复数的不规则变化， eg， 不可数名词， Oh, dear等内容，欢迎下载使用。
表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
名词的分类
注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。
2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。
3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且以四上也有了变化。eg. beer ----a beer 一杯啤酒， wrk--- a wrk 工厂，著作 ，glass---a glass 一个玻璃杯， rm空间---a rm一个房间
名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。
1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：
2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化
①改变单数名词中的元音字母
eg. man--men, wman—wmen, tth—teeth, ft—feet, gse—geese, muse--mice
②单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,…
③由man 和wman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数
eg. a man dctr— men dctrs, a wman teacher--wmen teachers
注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式
eg. trusers, clthes, glasses, shrts,scissrs, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数,
实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths, phyiscs, plitics, news
3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:
同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. fd 食物--- fds 各种食物，
time 时间 --- times 时代，green 绿色 ---greens 青菜
有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物
eg. hpe ---hpes 希望 hardship --- hardships 艰苦
物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+f来表示
eg. a cup f tea, seven pieces f bread, several bags f rice, …
三、名词的所有格
名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+’s；另一种是用f, 表示 “……的”。
1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾 +’s。 eg. Mr. Mtt’s rbt, children’s clthes
(2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾 +’ eg. teachers’ bks
(3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+’s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面
+’s。 eg. Lucy and Lily’s rm. (指两人共住一个房间)
Mrs Green’s and Mrs Brwn’s sn. (指两人各自的儿子)
(4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略
eg. the dctr’s (ffice) Mr. White’s
2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用f 短语来表示所属关系。
eg. the wall f the classrm，a picture f the bedrm，
(2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用f短语表示。
eg. a lng stry f a 50-year-ld man
双重所有格 eg. a friend f his, the big nse f Tm’s
有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加’s来构成所有格。
eg. ten minutes’ walk, tday’s newspaper
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. They gt much _____ frm thse new bks.
A. ideas B. phts C. news D. stries
解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.
2. I have tw _______ and three bttles f _________ here.
A. range, range B. ranges, ranges
C. ranges, range D. range, ranges
解析: range 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。
3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ t his hme .
A. 25 minutes’ walk B. 25 minute’s walk
C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk
解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选A。
4. An ld _______ wants t see yu.
A. peple B. persn C. the peple D. the persn
解析: persn 与peple 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同. “一个人”用 “a persn”,
“两个人” 用 “tw persns”; peple 泛指 “人们”是集合名词,表示复数, the peple 指 “人民”, a peple 指 “一个民族”. 应选B。
5. Help yurself t __________.
A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple
C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples
解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。
6. Oh, dear. I frgt the tw _________.
A. rm’s number B. rms’ number C. rm numbers D. rms’ numbers
解析: rm number 房间号码. rm可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 . 类似的还有my phsics teacher, tw bus drivers 等. 应选C。
7. She has been in Tianjin fr ten years. Tianjin has becme her secnd _________.
A. family B. huse C. hme D. rm
解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; huse指的是房子(住所); rm 指的是房间;而hme 指的是家, 因此选C.
8. ________ mthers culdn’t g t the meeting, because they have gne t Shanghai .
A. Mary and Peter’s B. Mary and Peter
C. Mary’s and Peter D. Mary’s and Peter’s
解析: 此句中 “mthers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。
9. Li Lei has been t __________ many times this mnth.
A. her uncle B. her uncle’s C. her uncles D. aunt’s
解析: 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词.
因此选B。
10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.
A. many experiences B. much experience
C. an experience D. a lt experience
解析: experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词, 作 “经历”讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为 “经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C. 又因 a lt f , lts f, plenty f 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。
11. A classmate f _________ was here ten minutes ag.
A. yu B. yur C. yur sister D. yur sister’s
解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。
12. A grup f _________ are talking with tw ___________.
A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans
C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen
解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.
13.The team ________ having a meeting .
A. is B. are C. am D. be
解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。
14. “Wuld yu like _________?” “________, please.”
A. drink, Three cffees B. a cup f drink, Cffees
C. a drink, A cffee D. a drink, Three cups f cffees
解析: drink 和cffee是不可数名词, 可以用…f来表示数量, eg, three cups f cffee,
当前面加a 时,则表示 “一杯”．因此选C。
15. The Great Wall was made nt nly by _______, but als the flesh and bld f ________ men.
A.earth and stne, millins f B. earths and stnes, millins
C. the earth and stne, millin f D. the earths and stnes, millins
解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millins f .
因此选A。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
选择最佳答案：
1． Last night, there was a fd accident. The _______ were ill, but n _______ were lst.
A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life
2. ---This is a pht f _________ when they were yung.
---OK, hw happy they bth lked!
A. my father and mther B. my mther and father's
C. my mther's and father's D.my father's and my mther
3. The new student is in __________ , Grade Tw.
A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class
4. Tday is September 10th. It's __________ Day. Let's g and buy sme flwers fr ur teachers.
A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's
5. The market isn't far frm here. It's nly _________ bicycle ride.
A.half an hurs' B. half an hur's C. half an hur D. an hur and a half
6. --- What wuld yu like t drink, girls?
--- _________, please.
A.Tw cup f cffee B. Tw cups f cffe
C. Tw cups f cffee D. Tw cups f cffees
7. During Christmas, peple get tgether and sing Christmas sngs fr _________.
A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks
8. Sme _________ are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. by C. bys D. childs
9. After the exam, we'll have________ hliday.
A. tw weeks B. tw-weeks C. tw weeks' D. tw week's
10. They are thse _________ bags.Please put them n the bus.
A. visitr B. visitrs C. visitr's D. visitrs'
11.--- Hw many wrkers are there in yur factry?
--- There are tw ___________.
A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred f D. hundreds f
12. ---What d yu think f the _______ the Mnlight Snata by Beethven?
--- It sunds really wnderful.
A. subject B. music C. bk D. animal
13. There is nt enugh _________ in the crner fr the fridge.
A. place B. rm C. field D. grund
14. _________ cmes frm sheep and sme peple like eating it
A. Wl B. Prk C. Muttn D. Milk
15. If yu dn't take mre ________, yu'll get fat.
A. medicine B. lessns C. phts D. exercise
16. My schl is abut twenty ________ walk frm here.
A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes's D. minutes
17. Mum, I have _______ t tell yu!
A. a gd news B. sme gd news C. sme gd newes D. much gd news
18. Which is the ________ t the pst ffice?
A. street B. way C. rad D. address
19. I stayed at ________ last Sunday.
A. my uncles B. my uncles' C. my uncle's D. my uncle's family
20. Maths ________ nt easy t learn.
A. are B. is C. am D. were
1-5 CBCBB 6-10 CACCD 11-15 ABBCD 16-20 BBBCB
冠 词
冠词分为不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词 (the)
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
一、 不定冠词的用法
1)用与可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类：例如：
She is a girl.
Pass me an apple , please.
2)、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。例如：
A by is waiting fr yu
We wrk six days a week.
3). 表示 “一”这个数量,但数的概念没有ne 强烈.例如:
We are ging t have an English lessn tmrrw.
I have a muth , a nse, tw eyes and tw ears.
4). 用于某些固定的词组中.例如:
a few, a little, a lt f
注: 用a 还是an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头.
二、定冠词的用法
1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如: the pht f the by
2) 指双方都知道的人或物.例如:
-Where are the new bks, Jim?
- They are n the small table.
3) 指上文提过的人或物.例如:
Tday he is making a machine.
He wants t ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.
4). 用在世界上独一无二的事物前.例如:
The sun is bigger than the mn.
5). 用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如:
The first truck is carrying a few baskets.
The third ne is carrying the fewest f all.
6). 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如:
the Great Wall
the Nrth Street Hspital
7). 用在一些习惯用语中.例如:
in the mrning (afternn, evening),
n the left(right)
at the end f
三、不用冠词的情况
1）在专有名词前和不可数名词前。例如：
China, Grade Tw, Bill Smith, milk
2）名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, yur, sme, any 等代词。例如：
The letter is in her pcket.
I think the shp is clsed at this time f day.
3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如：
My father and mther are teachers.
I like cakes.
4）在星期、月份、季节、节日前。例如：
It is Sunday (Mnday, Tuesday, etc.)
Tday is Mid-Autumn Day.
It is cld in winter.
5）在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：
Uncle Wang likes making things.
What clur are Mrs Green’s shes?
6）在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前。例如：
He went t schl after breakfast.
Can yu play basketball?
注： 在某些固定词组中，如：at hme, by bus, g t schl 等的名词前不用冠词。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. _______ milk is fd. ________ milk in this cup has gne bad.
2. ---D yu like playing _________ ftball?
---Yes. But I have nly _________ basketball.
3. D yu knw _______girl n ________anther side f ________ lake?
4. There’s ________ “u” and ________ “s” in ________wrk “use”.
5. She says ________animals cant’s live withut __________air, either.
6. His father, wh is ________hnest man, is teaching in ________ university.
7. Which is heavier, ________elephant r ________ hrse?
8. ________ cld wind was blwing frm the nrth.
9. He is always ready t help _________ ld and ________ yung.
10. ________ Greens are traveling in _________ Suth China.
11. Althugh ________ mst f us like t drink beer, thse wh drink ________mst are _______ least healthy.
12.Xiamei saw _________ interesting film last night. ________ film was abut _________ kind dctr.
13. Yu can have _________ secnd try if yu fail _______ first time.
14. Tm went t _________ schl as usual, but he didn’t knw his father went t ________schl fr a parent meeting.
15. ________ knwledge begins with _________ practice.
解析：１．/, the (milk 是物质名词，一般不用冠词， 但后面加上一个定语in the cup 后，使其成为特指，所以需要用定冠词the.)
2. / , the (球类运动前不用the ; 指一个物体要用不定冠词a )
3. the,/, the ( 特指这个女孩用the;名词前已有定语anther;)
4. a, an, the (“u” 发音以辅音开头所以用a;“s” 发音以元音开头所以用an; 特指这个单词用the)
5. /,/ (泛指动物所以不用任何冠词; air 不可数名词，其前一般不用冠词)
6. an, the ( hnest 发音以元音开头，故用an, 在大学里为in the university)
7. an, a 或the ,the ( 不定冠词a , an 和 定冠词the与名词单数连用表示种类)
8. a (物质名词cffee, fd, tea, fg, rain, snw, wind等，在表示 “一种”或 “一场”的意义时，前面要加不定冠词。
9. the, the ( 形容词前加定冠词，表示一类人)
10. The ,/ ( 姓氏的复数前加定冠词the 表示一家人；在华南是in Suth China)
11. /, the, the ( mst当大多数讲时前面不用the；后两空均为形容词的最高级，前面要加the)
12. a, the, a ( 第一空和第三空都指一个事物，第二空是特指前面提到的电影)
13. a, the (a secnd try 指的是第二次)
14./, the (g t schl 去上学， g t the schl 去那所学校)
15./,/ (具有单纯意义的物质名词或抽象名词前，一般不用冠词)
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
一、在空白处填入a / an 或the。
1. ---Mum, what shall we have fr _______dinner?
---Dumplings.
---Oh, what _______ wnderful dinner! I enjy it very much.
2. _________ PLA was funded n __________August 1st,1927
3. _______ Kings came t us at _________ nn.
4. The scientists frm ________ United States live in __________ Ninth Street.
5. The dctr t him, “Take ________ medicine twice ________day. Stay in _________ bed and yu’ll be better sn.”
6. September 10th is ____________ Teachers’ Day.
7. Mr Black arrived here n __________ Tuesday mrning.
8. There are fur seasns in _______year. ________ first seasn is spring. It is __________ best ne f __________ fur.
9. Sme peple have been t _________mn, in _______ spaceship.
10. _______ China is _________ ld cuntry with _________ lng histry
答案
1. /, a 2. the, / 3.the , / 4. the, the 5. the, a, / 6. / 7. / 8. a, the ,the , the 9.the, / 10../,an,/ a
二、选择填空： A. / B. a C. an D. the
They are living ______happy life nw.
______bag n ______desk is mine.
There is ______empty bx n the table.
D yu like ______music f the film “Titanic”?
On ______Saturday, I stay in ______bed till 12:00.
______Brwns have been t China twice.
Dn’t make any nise in ______class.
This is such ______interesting stry that yu must listen t it.
Next week they will g t Australia by ______air.
Which is bigger, ______sun r ______mn?
Key: 1----5 BDCDA 6----10 DACAD
三、在空白处填入a / an或the。
1. This mrning I bught _____ newspaper and _____ magazine. _______ newspaper is in my bag but I dn’t knw where I put ______ magazine.
2. I saw ______ accident this mrning. ______ car crashed int ______ tree. ______ driver f ______ car wasn’t hurt but ______ car was badly damaged.
3. There are tw cars parked utside: ______ blue ne and _______ grey ne. _______ blue ne is my neighbur’s; I dn’t knw wh ______ wner f _______ grey ne is.
4. My friends live in _______ ld huse in _______ small village. There is _______ beautiful garden behind _______ huse. I wuld like t have ______ garden like that.
1．a ,a, The the 2.an, a, a, The ,the, the 3. A, a, the the, the 4. an, a, a, the, a
代 词
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、无主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。
代词的用法
人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。请看下表：

人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.
宾格在句中作宾语。例如：They dn’t want me t g there alne.
Dn’t wrry. I can lk after her.
宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如：--- Wh’s that? --- It’s me.
注意：①人称代词we, yu, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如：
Yu cannt g int the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。
②人称代的主格作表语，一般都在正中的谈话中， 表示强调。例如：
It was he wh tk away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。
③人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。 例如：
The ship is leaving. She’s n her first trip t Bstn. 轮船要起航了。 这时她第一次去波士顿。
We lve ur cuntry, we hpe she’ll be strnger and strnger. 我们热爱我们的祖国，我们希望她越来越强大。
④It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。 例如：
It is abut 10 kilmetres frm here. 离这儿大约有10公里。
⑤It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语， 以避免句子头重脚轻。例如：
It is nt easy t learn English well.
It is gd fr yu taking a walk after supper.
I fund it difficult t sleep.
⑥英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同， I 在最后， yu 在最前；但是， 当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前， yu在最后。 例如：
Yu, he and I are all the winners.
I, Li lei and yu are wrng. We shuld d mre fr the prject.
2．物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语， 后面跟名词。例如：
T ur surprise, he has passed the exam.
(2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征， 在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如：
May I use yur bike? Mine is at schl. (作主语)
Whse glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表语)
My dictinary is lst. Can I use yurs? (作宾语)
(3) 名词性物主代词可以与f 连用， 作定语。 例如：A friend f urs are waiting fr us.
3．反身带词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示：

（1）反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如：
Her sister is t yung t dress herself. (作宾语)
He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语)
Yu’d better ask yur wife herself. (宾语同位语)
反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如：
make neself at hme, teach neself, learn by neself, help neself t…,etc
4．指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表
指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如：
Thse are my parents. ( 作主语)
Thrw it like that. (作表语)
The tys little Tm likes are thse in the basket. ( 作表语)
These pictures are drawn by an ld blind man. ( 作定语)
注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西， 常用that, thse 表示。 例如：
I’m srry t hear that.
( 2 )下文将要提到的事情， 可用these, this 表示， 起启下的作用。 例如：
Tell the children t d like this: knck the stick int the earth first, then tie the tree t it.
5．疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：wh, what, which, whse, whm， 在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。
作主语： What make yu s happy?
作宾语： Wh / Whm is yur manager talking with?
在口语中， 作宾语时 wh和whm可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whm.例如：
Abut whm they are talking just nw?
作定语： Which subject d yu like best?
作表语： What’s yur mther.
6．相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。 常用的有：each ther, ne anther. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如：
We shuld help each ther.
The villagers have lked after ne anther these year.
相互代词后可以加’s,表示所有关系。 例如：
We put the presents in each ther’s stcking.
7．连接代词： 用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有：what, which, wh, whm whse, that例如：
I knw what he said at the meeting.
The prblem is wh will mend it.
Culd yu tell me which is the way t the pst ffice?
8. 不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象， 常用的有：all, each, every, bth, either, neither, ne, nne, little, few, many， much, ther, anther, sme any, n以及由sme, n, any, every 构成的复合词。
不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语， 而nne及含有sme, an every 的合成代词不能做定语，n和every 只能做定语。
代词
many, few, a few修饰可数名词，much, little, a little修饰不可数名词。bth, either, neither, each用于指两者，all, any, nne, every, anther用于指三者或三者以上。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
This isn’t ______ pencil case. I left ______ at hme.
A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself
解析：此类题主要用于考查学生对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的掌握情况。要做好这类题，就必须熟练掌握这三类词的用法。应选A。
The English nvel is quite easy fr yu. There are ______ new wrds in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
解析：历年来中考始终将little, a little, few, a few作为一个重要考点，要做好这类题，必须明确几点：（1）little, a little修饰或代替不可数名词；few, a few修饰或代替可数名词复数。（2）few, little 一般表示否定意义；a few, a little表示肯定意义。应选D。
------ Can I cme this evening r tmrrw mrning?
------ ______ OK. I’m free tday and tmrrw.
A. Either B. Neither C. Bth D. Nne
解析：此类题主要是针对each, every, bth, all, either, neither, nne等不定代词的考查。Bth指两个人或物；all表示三者或三者以上“都”，它们都表示肯定意义，均与f连用，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，作定语修饰复数名词。all也可代替不可数名词或一个整体，这时谓语动词用单数形式，either指两者只任何一个，表肯定，表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个用any, neither是either的否定形式，表示两者都不是。应选A。
The ppulatin f China is much large than ______
this B.thse C.it D.that
解析：在比较级的句型中，经常用that指代前面提到过的不可数名词，用thse指代可数名词的复数。 选D。
5 . ------ When shall we meet again?
------ Make it ______day yu like. It’s all the same t me.
A. ne B.any C.anther D.all
解析：any表示任何一个。选B。
He said ______ at the meeting and just sat there silently.
A. smething B. anything C. nthing D. everything
解析：此句的意思是“他在会上一言不发，只是静静地坐在那里。”根据句意，应选C。
------ D yu knw the lady ______ is interviewing ur headmaster?
------ Yes, she is a jurnalist frm CCTV.
A. which B. wh C. whm D. whse
解析：先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语，所以应选B。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
一、用适当的代词填空
Help ______ t sme ice cream, girls.
He came up with an idea at last, the idea f ______ was very gd.
Hurry, up, there’s ______ time left.
There is hardly ______ in the basket, it’s empty.
Lili and Cc dn’t knw ______ address. Lili has never been t Cc’s hme and Cc has never been t Lily’s hme, either.
He is ______ a kind friend that ______f us like him.
He have tw English nvels, but he has read ______ f them.
I dn’t like the clr f this jacket. Culd yu shw me ______ ne?
Yu may take ______ f them, they’re bth gd.
Dn’t wrry. ______ ges well here.
二、选择最佳答案填空：
1. These tw bks are very interesting. Yu can chse _________ f them.
A. bth B. each C. either D. any
2. He had ________milk but_________ bread fr breakfast.
A. many; few B. much; little C. few; much D. little; many
3. Is there ________yu want t say?
A. smething else B. anything else C. else anything D. else smething
4. A: _________ are yu ging t visit?
B: I am ging t visit the Palace Museum.
A. Where B. What C. Why D. When
5. One shuld keep ________ prmise.
A. ne’s wn B. every C. himself D. herself
三、完成句子
There’s tw apples here, yu can take ______（任意一个）.
Lisa has tw daughters. ______(没有一个喜欢)traveling.
______ (所有的)girls like singing.
T say is ______ (一回事), t d is ______ (另一回事).
They keep ne black cat and ______ (两只黑的).
He has ______ (许多) mney, but he has ______ (没有) friends.
Can she speak French? ______ (只会一点).
______ (他们中很少有人) can talk in Chinese.
______ (没人) has been reached farther than the mn.
We lked at ______ (相互) in great surprise.
Key: 一、1.yurselves 2.his 3.n 4.anything 5.each ther’s 6.such,all 7.neither 8.anther 9.either 10.everything
二、CBBAA
三、1.either 2.neither 3.all 4.ne thing, anther thing 5.tw black nes 6.a lt f/much, n
7.A little 8.Few f them 9. N ne /Nbdy 10.each ther
数 词
英语数词表示数目或者顺序， 可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
一、基数词的构成
1．1—12的基数词是独立的单词，即： ne，tw，three，fur，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。
2．13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如： furteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊， 13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。
3．20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如： sixty，ninety，但20，30，40，50，80较特殊， 20—twenty 30—thirty 40—frty 50—fifty 80—eighty。
4．十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”，如：28—twenty-eight，96—ninety-six。
5．百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and，如：148—ne hundred and frty-eight 406—fur hundred and six。
6．hundred（百），thusand（千），millin（百万），billin（十亿）等前面即使有具体的数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。如：600—six hundred，8百万—eight millin。
7．1000以上的数字，从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“，”第一个逗号前为千（thusand），第二个逗号前为百万（millin），第三个逗号前为billin（十亿）。英语中无“万”这个词，我们可以用“几十个千（thusand）”表示几万，“几百个千（thusand）”表示“几十万”。如：2，510＝tw thusand five hundred and ten；84，296＝eight-fur thusand tw hundred and ninety-six；274，350＝tw hundred and seventy-fur thusand three hundred and fifty。
二、序数词的构成
序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成，例如 furth, tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时， 有特别之处。
1.ne--- first, tw --- secnd, three --- third, five --- fifth, nice --- ninth, twelve --- twelfth
2. 以ty 结尾的单词， 要先变y为I, 在加-eth. 例如：thirty ---thirtieth, fifty ---fiftieth
3. 以ne, tw, three 等结尾的多位数词， 要将各位数变成序数词。 例如： twenty-ne --- twenty-first, ne hundred and ne --- ne hundred and first
注意： 序数词前常用定冠词， 有时还可以用不定冠词 a/an 则表示 “又一 ”的意思。
例如：Mr Brwn has a secnd car. 布朗先生另外还有一辆车。
He has tried a secnd time. 他又尝试了一次。
三、数词的应用
1．时刻的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。
①“几点钟”用基数词加'clck。'clck可省略。如： 5点钟—five（'clck）．
②“几点过几分 ”，≤30分钟”用介词past。如： 7：05—five past seven；7：15—fifteen （a quarter）past seven；7：30—half past seven。
③“差几分几点”用介词“t”。如：7：40—twenty t eight；7：45—fifteen（a quarter t eight。
④日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7：05—seven five；7：15— seven fifteen。
2．年月日的表示：
年份用基数词，如：1999年—nineteen ninety-nine； 1900年—nineteen hundred； 2000—tw thusand；1905—nineteen five；
年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月8日 写作：June 8，1998；读作：June the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth f June， nineteen ninety-eight。
3. 世纪、年代表示法：
（在）90年代 (in) the nineties
（在）19世纪 (in) the nineteenth century
（在）18世纪30年代 (in) 1730s或1730’s
4．编号的表示：
Lessn One ＝the first lessn第一课；
Bus N．3＝the N．3bus 3路公共汽车；
表示住所时不用“N．”如：302房间—Rm 302（读作：rm three tw）；
如果编号的数词比较长，一般用基数词。如：Page 457第457页；
电话号码，用基数词,如：3855633—three eight five five（duble five） six three three（duble three）。
5．分数的表达：
分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于“1”，分母则加“s”。如：1／3 ne third，2／3tw thirds；
另外：1／2 a（ne）half; 1／4ne furth或a（ne）quarter;3／4threefurths或three quarters。
half a secnd; a quarter f a secnd四分之一秒
6. 表示有小数的词用基数词。
5.5 five pint five
12.135 twelve pint ne three five
7．表示百分数
5℅：five percent (per cent)， 0.8℅ zer pint eight percent (per cent).
8．表示有小数的词用基数词。
5.5 five pint five
12.135 twelve pint ne three five
9．其他用法：
1）基数词＋单数名词＋形容词构成合成形容词。如：一个五岁的男孩a five-year-ld by；
一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-lng bridge；女子400米接力girls'400-metre relay race。
2）具体数词＋metre（s）／kilmetre（s）／kil（s）lng ／ high ／tall ／deep ／away等。如：长江长6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6，300 kilmetres lng．
3）表示"几十岁"用序数词，eg. 在他三十几岁时 in his thirties
4）倍数的表达：(一倍用nce，两倍用 twice，两倍以上用基数词＋times。如：5倍five times)。
例如：He is as tall a by as I.
He is a head taller than I .
He is tw years lder than I
China is fur times as large as Eurpe.
I am twice as ld as yu. (=I am twice lder than yu. /I am twice the age f yu.)
My bks are twice as many as yurs.
China is fur times larger than Eurpe.(=China is fur times the size f Eurpe.)
I pay twice as much as it was wrth.
I pay twice as much fr the huse.
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. _______ Chinese are lking fr ways t learn English well befre Beijing 2008 Olympic.
A. Thusand B. Thusands C. Thusand f D. Thusands f
2. Bth f the rules are brken. I want t buy a ______ ne.
A. three B. third C. frth D. /
3). --- Which is the smallest number f the fur? --- _________.
A. Tw- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-furths
4). Please write dwn the new wrds in the text f _______.
A. Lessn Eleven B. the Lessn Eleven C. Lessn Eleventh
解析：1.基数词hundred, thusand, millin, billin 等前有具体数字时，它们后面不能加s,若这些词后面有介词f (几百，成百上千) ，thusands f (几千，数千个)，millins f, billins f 前不可用数词修饰。但可用many, sme, several 等修饰。故选答案D.
2．答案： B。此题主要考查序数词的运用。
3．答案：C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时，分母用序数词，分子用基数词，当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词后要加s.
4．答案： A。 此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下，名词编号有这几种表示法： 1。事物名词+基数词，且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如：Lessn Eleven；2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如： N. 6 Middle Schl
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
选择填空：
_______ f peple in the wrld are sending infrmatin by E-mail ever day.
A. Many millin B. Several millin C. Several millins D. Many millins
Abut _______ f the surface f the earth _______ cvered with water.
A. three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, are
It will take _______ time t finish the wrk.
A. ne and a half years’ B. a year and half C. ne and a half year’s D. a year and half’s
4．--- Hw lng will yur stay here ?、
---Fr ________ .
A. ne and tw day’s B. ne and tw day C. a day r tw D. ne r tw day
5．When he mved t Germany in ______ , he was already in _______ .
A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties; his sixties
C. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixty
6．My brther lives in ______ n ______ flr.
A. six Rm ;secnd B. Rm six ;the secnd
C. Rm six; tw flr D. the rm six ; the secnd
7．December is _______ mnth f the year.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. the twelve
8．This tk place in the ______ .
A. 1940 B. 1940s C. 1940es D. 1940th
9．It is nly _____ frm my hme t the train statin.
A. ten minutes walk B. ten-minutes walk C. ten minutes ‘s walk D. ten minutes’ walk
10．There are ______ in this building , I live n ______.
A. nine flrs ,the ninth flr B. nine flr, the ninth flr
C. nine flr , nine flrs D.ninth flr,the ninth flr
11．The water behind the Three Grges Dams (三峡大坝) shuld be ______ higher than dwnstream（ 下游）。
A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter
C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters
12. There are _______ days in a year.
A. three hundred sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty –five D. tw hundreds and sixty-five
13. ---Hw many teachers are there in yur schl?
--- __________. , but I'm nt sure.
A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds f D. One hundred
14. There are _________ dctrs and nurses wrking hard in that hspital.
A. thusand B. tw thusand C. tw thusands D. tw thusands f
15. --- What's ne furth and a half, d yu knw?
--- Yes, it's _________.
A. tw sixths B. three furths C. ne three D. three sixth
16. Nw children, turn t page ________ and lk at the _______ picture in Lessn Tw.
A. twentieth, ne B. twenty, ne C. twentieth, first D. twenty, first
17. Bth f the tw rulers are brken. I want t buy a _______ ne.
A. three B. third C. frth D. /
18. December is the __________ mnth in year.
A. twenty B. twelve C. twentieth D. twelfth
19. --- What is the date tday?
--- It's _________.
A. Thursday B. June the sixteenth C. the best day D. June fifteen
20. She knws a lt abut China as she has been t China ________.
A. fr the frth time B. fur times C. a furth time D. fr fur times
1-5 CCACA 6-10 BCBD 11-15 CCCDA 16 –20 DBDBB
动 词
动词是表示动作（study, find, swim 等）或状态（be, like, feel 等）的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
动词分类：动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词四类。
一）助动词
助动词没有任何含义，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be, d, des, did, have, will, shall等。具体用法如下：
1、助动词be的用法如下：
1）构成各种进行时态。如：
It was raining all day yesterday.
昨天整天下雨。
2）构成被动语态。如：
The meeting was held yesterday afternn.
会议是昨天下午举行的。
3）与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如：
They are t see an English film this evening.
他们今天晚上看英语电影。
2、助动词d的用法如下：
1）构成疑问式或否定式。如：
Des he think s?
I didn’t say anything abut the result.
2)在动词前加上d, des, did表示强调，意为“的确，确实”。如：
They d study hard.
She des lve him.
He did want t help the ld man.
3、have: 助动词have 的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如：
He has lived here fr three years.
As sn as the sun had set they returned.
4、shall, shuld: 助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态；助动词shuld 是shall的过去式，构成过去将来时。如：I shall send ten letters t my gd friend.
She wanted t knw if I shuld g t the palace.
二）情态动词
情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, need, shuld等。
表示能力
表示能力一般用can, culd。如：Rse can speak nw, but she culdn’t a week ag.
be able t 也表示能力，它和can 的区别如下：
1）表示做事的能力，两者可通用。但can 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时。be able t 可用于任何时态。如：
She culd / was able t eat fur pieces f bread when she was yung.
They will be able t finish the drawing sn.
2) 表示过去经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able t, 但在否定句中可互换。如：
She was weak, but was able t finish the task last night.
can (culd) 在疑问句中与第二人称连用时，表示征求对方意见或提出请求，表示委婉语气。虽然culd是can的过去式，但是culd 只是表示比can语气更加委婉客气，没有时间上的差别。如：
-Culd yu lend me yur pen?
-Yes, I can.
表示许可
表示许可一般用may/might, can/culd, 而且常可互换。Might, culd语气比较委婉。要特别注意：回答以might, culd开头的疑问句只能用may, can 给予直截了当的回答。
-Might/Culd I brrw yur bk?
-Yes, yu may/can.
表示必需、必要
must和have t都有“必须” ，一般情况下可互换。如：Yu must / have t finish the wrk..
但他们有如下区别：
1）must 表示说话人的主观看法；have t 表示客观需要。如：
I must have a talk with him.
He has t give up smking because f badly cugh.
2) 否定式mustn’t 表示禁止，意为“不准，不可以做”；dn’t have t 意为“不必”。如：
Yu mustn’t hit her.
Yu dn’t have t explain it t me if yu dislike the jb.
注：表示推测的情态动词有表示“一定”的must, 表示“很有可能”的shuld, ught t 和表示“可能”的can, culd, may, might。具体用法如下：
must 表示较有把握的推测，只用于肯定句，不能用语否定句或疑问句。用法如下：
1）对目前动作的推测，用must+动词原形。如：
Yu must lse in the muntain.
2) 对目前状态的推测，用must + be + 表语。如：Yu speak fr 4 hurs, yu must be thirsty.
在肯定句中，表示对现在或将来把握不大的推测用may (might) +动词原形，might 比 may 的可能性更小；对过去把握不大的推测用may (might) have+ 过去分词。如：
The package might cme tmrrw.
They may have killed the enemies.
3、在疑问句中，对现在表示推测用can (culd) …+动词原形，对过去表示怀疑则用can (culd) …have+过去分词；在否定句中，对现在表示推测用can’t+动词原形，对过去表示推测用can’t (culdn’t) have+过去分词。如：
It can’t be Jhn. He has gne t UK.
4、need的双重身份
need 既可作情态动词又可作实意动词，它们的用法不同，如不注意区分，就容易用错。
三）系动词
连词动词的种类
联系动词含有一定意义，它们要与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词（短语）一起构成合成谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类，而且有自己的特定用法。
1、按意义联系动词有：be, appear, seem, keep, remain, cntinue, stay, prve 等，如：Jim appears very ld.
２、表示感觉的联系动词有lk, feel, smell, sund, taste等。如：It smells bad.
3、表示转变的联系动词有becme, fall, get, g, grw, turn等。如：
She becmes mre beautiful than three years ag.
四）行为动词
行为动词又称实义动词，它们都含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。
１、及物动词
及物动词后一定要跟宾语，意思才能完整。如：
My mther tld me she wanted t buy sme bks fr me.
2、不及物动词
不及物动词意义完整，不需带宾语，但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时，必须先加介词后加宾语。如：
He nly wrried abut his daughter.
二、动词的时态
动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。
1．一般现在时
1）一般现在时态的构成：主语是I, we, yu, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：
2）一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：
3）一般现在时态的用法：
现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作 。例如：
I get up at six every mrning.
He plays tennis nce a week.
现在的状态 例如：
My mther is a teacher. She teaches English in a schl.
客观真理 例如：
The earth ges arund the sun.
4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语：
ften usually smetimes always every day never in the mrning 等。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
--- May I help yu, sir?
--- Yes, I bught the TV the day befre yesterday, but it ______.
A. didn’t wrk B. desn’t wrk C. wn’t wrk D. can’t wrk
解析：电视虽然是前天买的， 但坏了是现在的状态， 应该用一般现在时态。选B.
2．______ the bus until it ______..
A. Get ff, stps B. Get ff, will stp C. Dn’t get ff, stps D. Dn’t get ff, will stp
解析：这是一个以until引导的时间状语从句，主句是祈使句，因此从句要用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。根据句意此题应用nt …until（直到……才）句型。应选C。
3．The 70-year-ld man ______ exercises in the mrning.
A. takes B. are taking C. tk D. will take
解析：“这个70岁的老人早晨锻炼。”这里锻炼是一个经常性、习惯性的动作。因此，应选A.
2. 现在进行时
1）现在进行时的构成：Am/is/ are+ v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式
v-ing现在分词的构成：

2) 现在进行时的肯定肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：
3）现在进行时的用法：
1. 说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如：
She is having a bath nw.
2. 现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：
Yu are wrking hard tday.
Kate wants t wrk in Italy, s she is learning Italian.
The ppulatin f the wrld is grwing very fast.
频度副词always, frever等词连用时， 表示某种强烈的感情。如：
He is always trying ut new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬)
表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于g, cme, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如：
The party is beginning at 8:00 ’clck.
6) 常用于现在进行时态的时间状语： nw 等。
ften usually smetimes always every day never in the mrning 等。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1．I dn’t think that it’s true. She’s always ______ lies.
A. tell B. tells C. telling D. tld
解析：always在这里应现在进行时连用， 带有感情色彩， 表示讨厌。选C.
Hw ______ yu ______ with the new jb?
A. d, d B. d, get alng C. are, ding D. are, getting n
解析：表示现阶段正在发生的动作，用现在进行时。选D.
3．--- Are these scks yurs?
--- N. Mine ______ utside n the clthes line.
A. are hanging B. have hung C. hang D. hung
解析：hang意为悬挂， hung意为上吊、绞死，先排除答案B、D。根据前后句意可判断出现在的状态，应用现在进行时。应选 A.
3．一般将来时
1）一般将来时的构成：
1. 助动词will(shall)+动词原形
2. am / is / are +ging t +动词原形
2）一般将来时的用法：
1．将要发生的动作。例如：
I will leave fr Beijing tmrrw.
2．将要存在的状态。例如：
This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will yu be?
3．打算要做的事。 例如：
Are yu ging t watch the film n televisin tnight?
3) 常用于一般将来时的时间状语：
tmrrw next week in 2008 等。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. I______ fr Hng Kng n Saturday. Will yu g t see me ff at the airprt？
A. am leaving B. am left C. am ging t leaving D. left
解析：趋向动词leave 可用现在进行时表将来。选A。
2.I______ t see grandma and help her with sme husewrk every week.
A. came B. am ging cme C. cme D. will cme
解析：此题虽然有every week, 但句意中表达的事将要去做的经常性动作。应该用一般将来时。因此选D。
We Chinese ______ the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. held B. shall hlding C. are hlding D. are ging t hld
解析：本题的时间状语是将来的时间， 所以选用一般将来时，A、D都删去。shall后面应跟动词原型，
故应选D.
4．一般过去时
1）一般过去时的构成：
用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：
2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：
3）一般过去时的用法：
过去发生的动作。例如：
The plice stpped me n my way hme last night.
过去存在的状态。例如：
They weren't able t cme because they were s busy.
3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语：
yesterday，three mnths ag，last year，in 1979，ften，always等。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
r. Mtt is ut. But he ______ here a few minutes ag.
A. was B. is C. will be D. wuld be
解析：时分钟前发生的动作， 应该用一般过去时。 应选 A，
2．---Hi, Tm.
---Hell, Fancy. I ______ yu were here.
A.dn’t knw B.wn’t think C. think D. didn’t knw
解析：虽然句中没有明确的时间状语， 但是可以通过上下文语境判断出， 这句话指的是我这段时间并不知道， 你前一阵子在这儿。 所以应选A。
3．He prmised t tell me by himself when I ______.
A. cme B. wuld cme C. cme D. had cme
解析：在时间状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来。应选C。
5．现在完成时
现在完成时的构成：have / has + v-ing
2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：
在完成时的用法：
1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, befre等词连用. 如:
She has never read this nvel.他从未读过这本小说.(他对小说的内容不了解)
2、表示 “过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与fr (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
I have been a member f the Party fr 10 years.
I have been a member f the Party since 10 years ag.
注：在有fr 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：
He has died fr 3 years.(F)
He has been dead fr 3 years.(T)
注意：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last mrning等
②have/has been t 表示“去过”（去了又回来了）
have/has gne t 表示“去过”（去了没回来了）
如：Where has she gne?(句中所指的人不在)
Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
--Hw lng ______ he ______ a fever?
--- Ever since last night.
A. have, gt B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have
解析：此句表示从昨晚起持续到现在的状态，应用现在完成时，去掉答案D。因为是段时间， 所以不能用短暂行动词，get和catch 都是短暂行动词。 因此选B.
My bwl is empty. Wh ______ all my sup?
A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunk D. drank
解析：碗是空的了，这里强调的是所发生的动作造成的结果。 “谁把我的汤都喝了。应选C.
3. I ______ yu fr a lng time. Where ______ yu ______?
A. Didn’t seen; did, g B. didn’t see; have, gne C. haven’t seen; have, been D. haven’t seen; have gne
解析：fr+段时间一般预先在完成时连用。“你去哪儿了？ ”（在这段时间你不在）应选C。
6、过去进行时
1）过去进行时的构成： was / were +v-ing
2) 过去进行时的用法：
过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如：
This time last year I was living in Brazil.
What were yu ding at 10 'clck last night?
3)常用于过去进行时的时间状语：
at fur yesterday afternn，then，at that time/mment 等。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
Daddy prmised me he ______ me a cmputer
A. was bught B. had bught C bught D. wuld buy
解析：“爸爸答应我给我买一台电脑”。宾语从句中的动作是以过去为起点将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时。
选D。
They said they ______ d sme sprts if it was fine.
A. were ging t B. went C. wuld ging D. were ging
解析：“他们说如果天气好的话他们打算去运动。”去做运动发生在说话之后，所以应选用过去将来时，答案B不合适，“打算作某事”为“be ging t d ”.wuld 后面应跟动词原形，应选A.
7、过去完成时态
1）过去完成时态的构成：
肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词
否定式：hadn’t + 动词的过去分词
疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词
简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had.
N, 主 + had现在完成时的用法
过去完成时的用法：
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 他表示的时间是“过去 的过去 ”常与by last year, by the time f yesterday,等连用。如：
She said she had seen the film 4 times.
When Mr Li gt t the classrm, all the students had begun reading.
By the time they arrived, the bus had left.
2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与fr (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
She had wrked in this schl since it pened 25 years ag.
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. He ______ in Shanghai University fr fur years befre he ______ Beijing.
A. studied, had gne B. had studied, went
C. has studied, ges D. had studied, had gne
解析：“他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年 ”。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。
2. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a gd drink.
A. enjyed B. was enjying C. had enjyed D. wuld enjy
解析：It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。
3. Xia Pei said she ______ Hainan fr 3 mnths.
A. has been in B. had been in C. had been t D. had gne t
解析：“小培说她去了海南三个月 ”。have been t 和have gne t 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的have been in. 应选B.
时态综合例题解析：
１--What are Mr and Mrs Black ding ?
---They _____ tea in the garden.
A. are drinking B. drank C. have drunk D. drink
2. My mther ften asks me _____early .
A. get up B. gt up C. getting up D. t get up
3. Sn Wu Dng ____ up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck.
A. taught B. caught C. bught D. brught
4. The car ____and stpped at the red traffic light.
A. gt n B. gt ff C. slwed dwn D. picked up
5. Tm ____ the CD player fr tw weeks.
A. has lent B. has brrwed C. has bught D. has had
6. ---D yu knw ______?
---Srry, but if he _____ back, I ____ yu knw as sn as pssible.
A. when will he be back, cmes, will let B. when he will be back, will cme, will let
C. what time will he be back, will cme, let D. what time he will be back, cmes, will let
7. We ____ t the park if it is fine tmrrw.
A. will g B. have gne C. g
8. A new she factry will ______ in this part f the city.
A. be building B. be built C. build
9. ---______ all yur things, Tm! I hate them here and there.
---Ok, Mm.
A. Put up B. Put n C. Put dwn D. Put away
10. --- Hw abut ging hiking this weekend?
--- Srry, I prefer ____ rather than _____.
A. t stay at hme, g ut B. t g ut, stay at hme
C. staying at hme, g ut D. ging ut, stay at hme
解析：
1.根据问句的时态现在进行时，答句时态要一致，故选答案: A
2.根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配 ask sb t d sth. 故答案：D
3.根据第一句的固定动词词组 catch up with sb 及第二句的过去时态，故选答案: B
4.此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握.根据后半句在红灯时停下来,故选答案: C
5.此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词，根据fr tw weeks 时间短语。故选答案: C
6.此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句，要用陈述句语序。第二句是if 条件句。丛句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故选答案：B
7.此题考查if 条件句的主句时态，要用一般将来时，故选答案； A
8.此题考查语态。根据全句的意思，使用被动语态。故选答案： B
9.此题考查四个动词词组put up ,张贴，举起; put n 穿上，上演； put away 把---收拾好。 根据后半句“我讨厌到处乱放”， 故选答案: D
10.此题主要考查一个固定词组：prefer t d sth rather than d sth. 故选答案：C.
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
一、选择最佳答案填空(动词及搭配)：
1. A pliceman saw tw thieves ______a girl’s mbile phne n the bus and hecaught them at nce.
A. t steal B. stealing C. stle D. stlen
2. The Chinese pingpng players will jin in the match.Let’s ______them success.
wish B.t wish C.hpe D.t hpe
3. He is s careless that he always ______his schl things at hme.
frgets B.frgt C.leaves D.left
4. ----Wh ______the cmputer? I want t use it.
----Timmy. He ______ it fr a week.
brrwed, has brrwed B.has brrwed, bught
C.has brrwed, has kept D.bught, has brrwed
5. Lk! One f the girls ______the dr.
cleans B.is cleaning C.clean D.are cleaning
6. If yu dn’t feel well, yu may just ______.
stpped reading B.stp reading C.stpped t read D.stp t read
7. ----Where can we get a baseball?
----Let’s ______.
A. lend Jim ne B.lend ne t Jim
C.brrw ne frm Jim D.brrw ne f Jim
8. ----My mdel ship desn’t wrk.
----Dn’t wrry. I’ll have it ______this afternn.
A. repairing B.made C.repaired D.mend
9. Yu ______wash yur hands befre meals.
A. need B.must C.can D.may
10. Will yu ______the light? It’s dark in the rm.
get n B.get ff C.trun n D.turn ff
11. My name is Zhang Mingjian. Yu may ______me Zhang Mingjian r Mr Zhang.
A. ask B.say C.tell D.call
12. There is ging t ______a game in ur schl this afternn.
has B.have C.be D.are
13. Yu’d better______smking. It’s bad fr yur health.
eat up B.give up C.cme up D.get up
14. ----Hw d yu like this bk?
----I think it has nthing t______with ur study.
A. make B.d C.take D.hld
15. ----Where is Mr Brwn? I have sme questins t ask him.
----He ______the ffice.
A. has been t B.has been in C.has gne t D.has gne in
16.The bus kept the peple ______fr twenty minutes.
A. wait B.t wait C.waiting D.waits
17.I believe the scientists will______a better way t heal the disease.
A. get n with B.cme up with C.g n with D.catch up with
18.----Why d yu ften ______this pink bluse?
----Because it fits me well.
A. put n B.wear C.buy D.try n
19. Jack always runs faster than Peter, but this time he ______him.
A. went ver B.fell behind C.put ff D.drpped ff
20. The Internet ______it easy t get much new infrmatin in a shrt time.
A. finds B.makes C.feels D.takes
参考答案：1--5 BACCB 6—10 BCCBC 11--15 DCBBC 16—20 CBBBB
二、选择最佳答案填空(动词时态)：
1. We __________ut by that time that he_________ a thief fr a lngtime.
A. had fund, had been B. had fund, was
C. fund, had been D. fund, was
2. It s happened that they________ the nvel befre.
A. had read B. wuld read C. were reading D. read
She________ fr nearly tw hurs.
A. kept talking B. kept t talk C. has kept talking D. kept t talking
Spring_______ after winter.
A. cmes B. came C. has cme D. had cme
5.—I hear sme nise in the next rm.
—Oh, yes. Yur sister_______ there.
A. cries B. is crying C. cried D. was crying
All the students__________ t plant trees and there’s nbdy in the classrm.
A. g B. will g C. have gne D. wund g
7. Stp! A little by_________ the street.
A. is crssing B. crsses C. crssed D. has crssed
8. The girl________ t milk since last winter.
A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. wuld learn
9. What__________ t yu this mrning?
A. happens B. is happened C. happened D. was happened
10. —The ld man lks healthy.
—Yes. He________ sme running after he gets up.
A. des B. did C. has dne D. will d
11. She didn’t pass the exams because she________ her lessns well.
A. wasn’t prepared B. wasn’t been prepared
C. hadn’t prepared D. was preparing
12. This stry_______ in a faraway village in Eurpe many years ag.
A. is happened B. was happened C. happened D. has been happened
13. —Mr King came back t ur village.
—Really? Fr what?
—The ld man________ the nise in the city.
A. is hating B. hates C. was hating D. has hated
14. His father ________ fr a week.
A. died B. will die C. has been died D. has been dead
15. My mther is ill. I _______stay at hme and lk after her.
A. has t B. must C. wuld D. have t
16.---D yu knw the Frenchman?
---Yes. I ______him fr tw years.
A. knw B. have knwn C. knew D. have been knwn
17. They______ all their mney, s they have t walk hme.
spend B. had spent C. have spent D. will spend
18. Great changes_______ in the city, and a lt f factries_______.
A.have been taken place, have been set up
B.have taken place, have been set up
C.have taken place, have set up
D.were taken place, were set up
19. ---When did Kate’s grandma die?
---While the dctrs______ n her.
A. are perating B. were perating C. perate D. perated
20. ---Wh are yu lking fr?
---Mr White.
---Wait here fr a while. The class meeting_______ ver in half an hur.
A. is B. will be C. was D. has been
21. If she’s nt at hme, yu ______ try telephning her at the ffice.
A. will B. culd C. wuld D. need
22. All the new wrds ______ up in the dictinary yet.
A. have lked B. haven’t lked C. have been lked D. haven’t been lked
23.I dn’t want t speak t her, but I ______.
A. d B. have t C. have t speak D. must t
24. Hurry up, r yu _____ the train.
A. miss B. lse C. will miss D. will lse
25.The new library ____ next week.
A.. will build B . will be built C. wuld build D. wuld be built
26.---Where’s Mabel?
---She _____ ping png behind the teaching building.
A. is playing B. was playing C. played D. had played
27. Quite a few tall buildings _______ the last tw years.
A. have been put up B. were put up C. had put up D. put up
28. Man-made-satellites______ int space by many cuntries.
A. was sent up B. is sent up C. have been sent up D. has been sent up
29. I _______ all the wrds n the black bard. May I g hme nw?
cpy B. will cup C. cpied D. have cpied
30. Nbdy knew _______ a living in that cuntry.
A. t d B. t make C. hw t d D. hw t make
31.The ld man needs at mst five hur’s sleep a night ,but he__________ fr ver seven hurs tnight.
A. has fallen asleep B has slept C has gne t bed D. has gne t sleep
32.I’m really getting t fat. Frm nw n, I________ mre exercise and eat less fd.
A have dne B d C am ding D will d
33. Yu dn’t need__________ her. I_________ her fr several times.
A describe, had met B describe, meet C t describe, have met D describe, met
34. His speech in English was difficult__________.
A in fllwing B fr being fllwed C t fllw D t be fllwed by
35. When he was a child, he tried t find ways_______ peple________ life mre.
A. t help, enjy B. help, t enjy C. help, enjying D. t be helped, t enjy
36.What did yur class teacher ________yu t _______at the meeting?
A. tell, say B. ask, speak C. tell, speak D. ask, talk
37.______the bus until it _______.
A. Get ff, stps B. get ff, will stp
C. Dn’t get ff, stps D. Dn’t get ff, will stp
38 The living standard f the peple in Shanghai_______ in the last ten years.
A. has raised B. has risen C. has been raised D. has been risen
39 –What did Mr Jnes d befre he mved here?
-He_______ a city bus fr ver twenty-five years.
A. has driven B. drve C. drives D. is driving
40. Hurry up! The play _______ fr ten minutes.
A. had begun B. began C. has been n D. has begun
1-5 CAAAB 6-10 CACCC 11-15 CCBCD 16-20 BCBBB
21-25 ADBCB 26-30 AACDD 31-35 BDCCA 36-40 ACBBC
形 容 词 和 副 词
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
一、形容词
用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。
形容词的作用，见下表：
注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alne, afraid, asleep 等。例如：
Dn’t wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.
The ld man is alne.
形容词用来修饰smething, anything, nthing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：
Yu’d better tell us smething interesting.
The plice fund nthing strange in the rm.
多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词 2）数词 3）性质 4）大小 5）形状
6）表示老少，新旧 7）颜色 8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：
His grandpa still lives in this small shrt huse.
他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。
The wman bught tw beautiful Chinese plates.
那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。
形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / pr;
gd / bad ; yung / ld ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如：
The yung shuld take gd care f the ld.
年轻人应该好好照顾老人。
The rich never help the pr in this cuntry.
在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。
表示数量的词组。如：
One day, a yung man, twenty-five years ld, came t visit the prfessr.
有一天，一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。
I live in a building abut fifty meters high.
我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。
形容词短语做定语时要后置。如：
They are the students easy t teach.
他们是很容易较的学生。
We live in a huse much larger than yurs.
我们住的房子比你们的大得多。
else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：
Did yu see anybdy else?
你看到别的人了吗？
二、副词
英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：
多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：
We are living happily.
我们幸福的生活着。
He runs slwly.
他跑的很慢。
时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：
They went t the park yesterday mrning.
昨天上午他们去公园了。
I heard him sing English sngs ver there.
我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。
He drve the jeep carefully.
他小心地开着吉普。
注意： 有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：
Yesterday I gt up late.
昨天我起床很晚。
频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前
如：He is seldm ill.
他很少生病。
Yu must always remember this.
你一定要记住这一点。
I ften write t my parents.
我经常写信给父母。
D yu usually g t schl n ft.
你经常走路去上学？
He has never been t Beijing.
他从来没有去过北京。
注意： 有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：
Smetimes she ges t schl by bus and smetimes she ges t schl by bike.
有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。
程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修
饰的词前面。如：
That’s quite early.
那很早。
I nearly missed the bus.
我几乎错过了公交车。
She did rather badly.
她干得相当糟。
否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：
She seldm ges ut at night.
她晚上很少出门。
I am never late fr schl.
我上学从不迟到。
We had hardly gt t the statin when the train left.
火车离开时，我们差不多/几乎到了车站。
疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：
When can yu cme?
你什么时候来？
Hw many days are there in a mnth?
一个月有多少天？
What are yu ging t d when yu grw up?
张大以后，你打算干什么？
Where were yu brn?
你是在那里出生的？
Why didn’t he cme?
他为什么没有来？
关系副词when, where, why 引导定语从句时，位于从句之前、所修饰的词之后。如：
Tell me the reasn why yu did it.
把你这样做的理由告诉我。
It’s the srt f day when yu’d like t stay in bed.
这是个令人恋床不起的日子。
I dn’t knw the place where we will g.
我不知道我们将要去的地方。
同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：
The meeting will be held in the classrm tmrrw.
明天会议将在教室里举行。
He watched TV in his rm last night.
他作晚在房间里看电视。
They arrived in Beijing at 8 ’clck last evening.
他们昨天晚上8:00到达北京。
注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如：
late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等
The rad is s wide that 8 buses can g thrw it at a time.
Open yur muth wide.
三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下：
1) 符合规则的：
2）几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：
形容词和副词比较级的用法
注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, rund, sure, wlen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
He is ________ friends than I.
A. much mre B. many mre C. very mre D. t mre
解析： 后面有可数名词复数时， many的比较级形式为many mre 修饰。 应选B.
2. Which is the _________ cuntry, Japan r Australia?
A. mre develped B. mre develping C. mst develped D. mst develping
解析： 两者比较用比较级， 表示“发达”用 develped, 而develping 是 “发展中的“ 意思
There were _______ shps in the city in 1982 than in 1990.
A. little B. few C. fewer D. less
解析：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级， 所以应选C.
4. If yu are nt free tday, cme anther day __________.
A. t B. s C. instead D. yet
解析：instead 作副词用时意为“代替，顶替”， 表示前面的事情没做， 而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C.
5．He can’t tell us ________, I think.
A. imprtant anything B. anything imprtant
C. imprtant smething D. smething imprtant.
解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是smething. 因此应选B
6. The Huang River is the secnd __________ river in ur cuntry.
A. lng B. lnger C. lngest D. the lngest
解析：“定冠词the+ 序数词 + 形容词最高级 “ 表示“第几大……” 应选C.
7. The light in the ffice wasn’t ________fr him t read.
A. enugh bright B. bright enugh C. brightly D. enugh brightly
解析：enugh修饰名词时可前可后， 修饰形容词或副词时， 要后置。应选B.
8. There was an accident at the crner. ________, the girl wasn’t _________hurt.
A. luckily, badly B. luck, hardly C. Lucky, heavily D. Lucky, strngly
解析：第一空修饰全句需用副词，第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词， 因此选A.
9. Yu must keep yur eyes _________ when yu d eye exercises.
A. clse B. pen C. clsed D., pened
解析: 此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。 应选C.
10. Five days has passed , but I haven’t finished half f the wrk. ________,
A. already B. still C. t D. yet
解析：already 与 yet 都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句， 而yet 常用与否定句。应选D.
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
选择最佳答案填空：
Dn’t wrry, sir. I’m sure I can run _________ t catch up with them.
A. slwly enugh B. enugh slwly C. fast enugh D. enugh fast
2. The text is very easy fr yu. There are ________ new wrds in it.
A. a few B. a little C. few D. little
3. It’s such an ________ film that all the students are ______ in it.
A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested; interested
4. Mingming gt up very _______,s he came t schl half an hur ______.
A. late; lately B. lately; late C. lately; lately D. late; late
5. I am ________ wrried abut y parents’ healthy cnditins.
A. sme times B. smetime C. smetimes D. sme times
6. We dn’t have ________ every day.
A. a lt f schl wrks B. many schl wrk C. any schl wrks D. much schl wrk
7. –Lk! Hw fast the tw hrses are running!
--Oh, yes! They are nearly _______.
A. up and dwn B. slwer and slwer C. mre r less D. neck and neck
8. ______ children there are in family,_______ their life will be.
A. The less; the better B. The fewer; the better C. Fewer; richer D. Mre; prer
9. Mst f the peple in Guangdng are getting ________.
A. mre and mre rich B. mre rich and mre rich C. richer and richer D. richer and richest
10. Which lessn is _______, this ne r that ne?
A. difficult B. much difficult C. mre difficult D. the mst difficult
11. “A ______ accident happened at 7:30 a.m.” said the pliceman _______.
A. serius, serius B. seriusly, seriusly C. seriusly, serius D. serius, seriusly
12. ________ is it frm ur schl t Lupu Bridge?
A. Hw lng B. Hw ften C. Hw far D. Hw much
13. In ur city, it is ______ in July, but it is even _______ in August.
A. htter; httest B. ht; ht C. htter; ht D. ht; htter
14. This pencil is ______ that ne.
A. s lng as B. as lnger as C. lnger than D. nt as lngest as
15. The statin is tw kilmeters _______ the hspital.
A. away t B. far away C. far frm D. away frm
16. Beijing has ______ many buses that there is ften a traffic jam in rush hurs.
A. s B. very C. t D. much
17. This bx is ______ heavy ________ I can’t carry it.
A. t, t B. s, that C. very, that D. t, that
18. India has the secnd _______ ppulatin in the wrld.
A. larger B. mst C. smallest D. largest
19. Mary received ________ many pstcards at Christmas.
A. s B. such C. t D. even
20. The cake smells ______. Please thrw it away.
A. gd B. badly C. bad D. well
21. --- What was the weather like yesterday?
--- It was terrible. It rained s ________ that peple culd _______ g ut.
A. hardly…hard B. hardly… hardly C. hard… hardly D. hard… hard
22. The meeting will be held in half an hur, but they haven't gt everything ready_____.
A. ever B. already C. yet D. still
23. --- What abut the English nvel?
--- It's nt very difficult. There are nly ________ new wrds in it.
A. few B. a few C. many D. a little
24. Hw beautiful she sings! I've never heard ________.
A. the better vice B. a gd vice C. the best vice D. a better vice
25. Mr Smith always has ________ t tell us.
A. sme gd pieces f news B. sme pieces f gd news
C.sme gd piece f news D. sme piece f gd new
26. I'm afraid the headmaster is _________ busy t meet the visitrs.
A. t much B. much t C. s much D. very much
27. – Dad , when will yu be free? Yu agreed t g t the seaside with me fur days ag.
-- I am srry, Jean. But I think I will have a ______ hliday sn.
A. fur-days B. fur-day C. fur days D. fur day
28. The scenery in Sanya lks ________, especially "Tian Ya Hai Jia" is ________.
A, well, best B. fine, the mst famus C. nice, better D. beautifully, the best
29. What a _______ day it is! Let's g ut fr a walk.
A. windy B. lvely C. rainy D.cludy
30. Of the students , Masha is ________ ne. I think yu can find her easily.
A, tallest B, the taller C. taller D. the tallest
1-5 CCADC 6-10 DDBCC 11-15 DCDCD 16-20 ABDAC
21-25 CCADB 26-30 BBBBB
介 词
介词是一种虚词，用来表示它后面的名词或代词同句中其他某个成分之间的关系。介词在句中不能单独使用，必须连用它的宾语即后面的名词或代词构成介词词组后才能作句子成分。
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
常用介词的主要用法
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. ---What time did yu get there this mrning?
--- _________ eight.
A. In B. On C. At D. Frm
2. He has gt a chair t sit _______, but nbdy t talk ________.
A. n, t B. / , with C. n, / D. / , t
Where’s Lily? We are all here ________ her.
A. beside B. abut C. except D. with
Shanghai lies ________ the east f China.
A. t B. in C. n D. at
精析： 1. 答案：C.此题考查学生是否掌握了at\in \n 表示时间的用法。表示几点用at.
2. 答案: A.此题考查位置介词n 和词组talk t .
3. 答案： C. 此题考查四个介词的意思。能根据上、下文正确使用。
4. 答案： B. 此题考查学生是否掌握了表达位置的用法。在表达东、西、南、北的方位时。在范围之内用in , 在范围之外用t，相邻用n。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
用适当的介词填空：
Last Saturday I was busy ______ my hmewrk .
My teacher was very angry ______ me because I was late ______ schl again.
Kathy prefers a hula hp ______ a bk.
I will invite sme friends ______ my eighteenth birthday party.
Hw lng has he wrked ______ an inventr.
My uncle arrived ______ the airprt ______ the mrning f May 3.
I will always help my friends when they are ______ truble.
There is nthing ______ air ______ space.
I wn’t be back ______ June.
______ the age ______ twenty, he had written tw bks.
Mary fell ______ her bike and hurt her right leg.
He has been away ______ China ______ three years ag.
When I was ______ schl, I was ______ the schl ftball team.
I think he will be ______ tw ’clck.
The teacher was given sme flwers ______ his students.
Lk, the birds are singing ______ the tree.
He left the classrm ______ all the windws pen.
My sister is ill tday. She desn’t feel ______ eating anything.
It’s t dangerus. Yu must keep the children away ______ the fire.
My parents arrived ______ a cld night.
Yu shuld aplgize ______ her ______ stepping n her ft.
The students are sitting ______ the table, reading the newspaper.
The city is famus ______ its ftball, and peple there are very prud ______ their city ftball team.
We are ding better ______ English ______ ur teacher’s help.
Dn’t wrry ______ me. Everything is ging well ______ me.
He was late ______ schl tday, and she came late ______
schl, t.
------ D yu knw what happened ______ Peter yesterday?
------ He was hit ______ a car.
I like clthes made ______ cttn.
He will g t Hangzhu ______ his car tmrrw.
______ my surprise, the Englishman gave up halfway ______
the end.
I saw the great changes ______ my wn eyes.
Yu lk tired. Instead ______ wrking indrs yu shuld be
ut ______ a walk.
Wushu is becming mre and mre ppular ______ freigners.
If yu are able t get the tickets tmrrw, please tell me ______
phne.
There is ging t be a reprt ______ Chinese histry ______ ur
schl this evening.
Befre 1990 there was n airline ______ the tw cities.
She is dressed ______ a white skirt ______ red flwers.
It’s bad ______ yu t g t wrk ______ breakfast.
It’s very nice ______ yu t get me tw tickets ______ the Wrld
Cup.
------ Where have yu been these days?
------ I have been t Bei Daihe ______ a friend ______ Canada.
------ Wuld yu like sme cffee?
------ Yes, and please get me sme milk, t. I prefer cffee ______ milk.
------ When did Mr Smith cme here?
------ ______ nine ’clck yesterday mrning.
Yu must stand ______ line when yu are waiting ______ a bus.
------ Jack, will yu be hme ______ time t see the children befre they g t bed?
------ N prblem.
China lies ______ the east f Asia and ______ the Nrth f Australia.
46. If yu can’t pass the exam, yu’ll fall ______ thers.
47. I have a swim every day ______ yesterday.
48. We all knw that the earth mves ______ the sun.
49. The sunlight is cming in ______ the windw.
50. This rm is full______students and that ne is filled______ teachers.
Key: 1. with 2. with, fr 3. t 4. t 5. as
6. at, in 7. in, 8. but, in 9. until 10.At, f 11. ff 12. frm, since 13. in, n/in 14. in 15. by 16. in 17. with 18. like 19. frm 20. n 21. t, fr 22. at 23. fr, f 24. in, with
25. abut, with 26. fr, t 27. t, by 28. frm 29. in 30. T, in
31. with 32. f, fr 33. amng 34. by 35. n, in 36. between
37. in, with 38. withut 39. f, fr 40. with, frm 41.t 42. At 43. in, fr 44. in 45. in, t 46. behind 47. except 48. arund
49. thrugh 50. f, with
连 词
连词是连接词、短语、从句语句子的词，它是虚词，所以不能单独担任句子成分。
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
连词的分类：
连词主要分为两大类：并列连词和从属连词。
1、并列连词：用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。它包括：and，r，but，fr，bth…and，either…r，neither…nr，nt nly…but als。
2、从属连词：用来引导从句，它包括：that，when，till，until after，befre，since，because，if，whether。thugh，althugh，s…that，s that，as sn as， as…as等。
连词用法示例与解析:
“ and”
1. He gt up and left the rm.
2. He went t Kunming and I went Harbin last year.
特别用法: 句型 “祈使句, and …”= If yu…, yu will…
3. Wrk hard, and yu will d well in the exam.
“r”
1. Tm r I am right. (r连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定)
2. Wuld yu like cffee r tea?
特别用法: 句型 “祈使句, r…”= If yu dn’t …, yu will…
3. Hurry up, r yu will miss the bus.
“but”
1. She is sixty, but she still lks yung.
2. She is tired but happy.
3. I came here nt fr myself but fr my sn.
4. Mary likes pian but Tm desn’t (like可以省略).
“fr”
1. I went t sleep sn, fr I was very tired.
2. The sun has risen，fr the birds are singing.
比较：表示原因,译为”因为”, 表示说明、解释。与because不同，用语解释某事的原因、动机，强调因果关系。用语回答why引导的问句。
“bth …and …”
1. Bth yu and I are Chinese.
2. I like bth sprts and music.
特别用法: bth…and…的否定句表示部分否定。
3. He can’t play bth tennis and vlleyball. 它并不是既会打网球又会打排球。
either…r…, neither…nr…
1. Either yu r she is wrng.
2. Can yu speak either French r English?
3. Neither the teacher nr the students like this sng.
特别提示:
用either…r…, neither…nr…连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定。
比较: bth…and…, either…r…, neither…nr…的相互关系:
肯定句: 1. I like bth A and B.
否定句: 2. I dn’t like bth A and B.= I like either A r B.
否定句: 3. I dn’t like either A r B.= I like neither A nr B.
“Nt nly…but als…”
1. Nt nly yu but als yur father is cming. (连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定)
2. She learns nt nly English but als Japanese.
说明: 从属连词的用法见各种从句。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
1．Which is bigger, the sun _________ the mn?
A. r B. and C. but D. s
2. Hurry up, __________ we will miss the train.
A. but B. and C. r D. s
3. He hurt her _________ badly _______ she had t see a dctr.
A. t, that B. s , that C. either, r D. t, t
4. Lk ut! The traffic is mving fast. It's ________ dangerus ________ crss the street.
A. very, t B. s, t C. much, t D. t, t
5. It's _______ far _______ walk hme frm here. Let's take a bus.
A. s, that B. t, t C. enugh, t D. such, that
6. "Why didn't Nick cme t schl yesterday?"
" _______ he was ill. "
A. After B. Where C. When D. Because
7. Jhn fell asleep _________ he was listening t the music.
A. after B. befre C. while D. as sn as
8." I wn't g t the party tmrrw."
" __________ yu tld me yu wuld . What 's happening?"
A. But B. S C. And D. Or
9. Stp cutting trees, ________ the earth will becme wrse and wrse.
A. and B. then C. but D. r
10. " Be careful! Dn't break the bttles. D yu hear _______ I said, David?"
" Yes, mum."
A. What B. that C. hw D. if
11. Mr Smith cmes frm Australia, but he has wrked in China fr five years. S yu can talk with him ______________.
A. either in English r in Chinese B. nt in Chinese but in English
C. just in English, nt in Chinese D. neither in Chinese nr in English
12. I can ________ swim _______ skate. Will yu please teach me?
A. either…r B. nt nly… but als C. bth… and D. neither… nr
13. When I gt the news that the ship wuld sink, I was _________ frightened ________ my legs culdn't mve frward.
A. s, that B. very, that C. t, that D. t, t
14. She bught a digital camera nline __________ she saved a lt f time.
A, s that B. as sn as C. n matter D. such that
15.Beijing has ________ many buses that there is ften a traffic jam in rush hurs,
A. s B. very C. t D. much
16. Hurry up, ________ yu will miss the train. It's leaving in ten minutes.
A. and B. s C. hwever D. r
17.Nt nly his parents but als his brther ________ t the Summer Palace. They haven't
been back.
A. have been B. have gne C. has been D. has gne
18. Yu'd better d it ________ yur mther did.
A. when B. as C. like D. because
19. ______ they are brthers, they dn't lk like each ther at all.
A. Because B. Thugh C. When D. As
20. --- When did yu knw the news?
--- I knew nthing abut it _________ my friend tld me.
A. after B. it C. because D. until
1-5 ACBDB 6-10 DCADA 11 – 15 A D A AA 16-20 DDBBD
动 词 的 语 态
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Vice）和被动语态（The Passive Vice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：
Many peple speak English . (主动语态)
English is spken by many peple. (被动语态)
1、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：
肯 定 句： 主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by…） eg. He is ften asked t d this wrk (by his bss).
否 定 句：主语+ be nt +过去分词 +（by…） eg. I am nt invited t the party (by him).
一般疑问句：Be + 主语+过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. Are yur clthes washed by yurself?
特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语 +过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. What is this sweater made f?
现以动词give为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下：
3、被动语态的用法：
1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 例如：
This jacket is made f cttn.
English is spken in many cuntries in the wrld.
强调动作的承受者时。如：The by was saved at last.这个男孩最后得救了。
主动语态变被动语态的步骤:
主动句: The by brke the windw yesterday.

被动句: The windw was brken by the by yesterday.
步骤一：原句中的宾语the windw变成主语。
步骤二：谓语动词brke改为被动形式：was brken
步骤三：原句中的主语The by放在介词by的后面。
步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。
5) 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态：
A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，ffer，pay，teach，tell，shw，等。
1. He gave me the bk just nw.
The bk was given t me( by him) just nw. = I was given the bk (by him) just nw.
2. They shw the guard their passprts at the entrance t the building.
The passprts were shwn t the guard by them at the entrance t the building.
= The guard was shwn the passprts by them at the entrance t the building.
B. 通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有: bring，d，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。
1. He wrte her a letter.
A letter was written t her.
My mther made me a skirt.
A skirt was made (fr me) by my mther.
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
一、选择填空
1.The questin ______by us sn.
A.is ging t discussB.will discuss
C.is ging t be discussed D.has been discussed
2.The ld man was quite weak after the accident, s he______.
A.must lk after B.must be taken care
C.must be lked after D.must take care f
3. All the new wrds ______up in the dictinary yet.
A.have lked B.haven’t lked
C.have been lkedD.haven’t been lked
4.There was n rm fr yu. All the seats ______.
are taken B.was taken C.had taken D.had been taken
5. A mdel ship ______his sn by Mr Mre.
A.was made fr B.was made t C.made fr D.makes fr
6.----Dad, please pen the dr, it ______.
----OK, dear. I am cming.
A.was lcked B.lcks C.is lcked D.lcked
7. This kind f sweater______very sft.
A.is felt B.feels C.feel D.is feeling
8.----Have all the students knwn that ur class will visit the factry this afternn?
----Yes. Every student______abut it.
A.tld B.has tld C.was tld D.tells
9.The cake ______delicius.
A.smell B.is smelled C.is smelling D.smells
10.My father has given up smking since he ______n.
A.will perate B.will be perated C.perated D.was perated
11.A new schl ______ these days.
A. is building B. is built
C. well build D. is being built
12. The cake ______delicius.
A. smell B. is smelled
C. is smelling D. smells
13.I________there wuld be a ftball match n Channel 8 tmat
A. will tell B. have tld C. was tld D. will be tld
14.The librarian tld me that the bk______fr tw weeks.
A. can be brrwed B. can be kept C. culd be brrwed D. culd be kept
15.When______this kind f cmputer _______?
is; used B. was; used C. did; use D. are; used
16.The new cmputers_______t the village schl as present last mnth.
are given B. given C. were given D. gave
17.I really dn’t knw_______abut it.
A.what t d B.hw t d C. t d what D. hw can I d
18.Yur shes_______. Yu’d better cme t get them in half an hur.
are mending B. have mended C. are being mended D. have been mended
19.Thugh he had ften made his little sister______,tday he was made____by her.
A.cry; t cry B.crying; crying C. cry; cry D.t cry; cry
20.When_____the accident________?
A.was; happened B.has; happened C.was happebeing D.did; happen
Key: 1----5 CCDDA 6----10 CBCDD 11-15 BDCDB 16-20 CACAD
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
Sme ideas ______(give) t cllege students by him yesterday.
----D yu like the music “Mnlight”?
----Yes, it ______really beautiful!(sund)
He wn’t cme t the party unless Sue ______.(invite)
The chair needs______.(repair)
“Quick” is anther way f ______“fast”.(say)
This kind f bike ______in that factry, but yu can’t buy it nw.(make)
Cttn ______in the cuntry.(plant)
Man-made satellites ______by Chinese peple.(send)
This kinds f shes ______ut by nw.(sell)
The rm must ______ clean every day.(keep)
Key: 1.were given2.sunds 3.is invited 4.repairing/ t be repaired 5.saying 6.is made 7.is planted8.have been sent 9.have been sld
10.be kept
动 词 不 定 式
不定式：t + 动词原形
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
动词不定式的基本形式是“t + 动词原形”，有时可以不带t。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：t read the newspaper, t speak at the meeting 等
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语：
注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如：
It is nt easy t learn a freign language.
It tk us three days t d the wrk.
动词不定式的否定形式由“nt+动词不定式”构成. 如:
Tell him nt t be late.
The pliceman tld the bys nt t play in the street.
4) 不定式省去t的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，lk at，hear， listen t，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去t。但是在被动语态中不能省。如：
Let me listen t yu sing the sng.
He watched his sn play cmputer games.
I saw him run away.------He was seen t run away.
The bss make the wrkers wrk the whle night.----The wrkers were made t wrk the whle night.
5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, hw, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如：
The questin is when t start.
I dn’t knw where t g .
He shwed me hw t use a cmputer.
What t d is a big prblem.
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用：
1. T grw plants is very imprtant.
2. It is s nice t hear yur vice.
3. My dream is t be a pilt.
4. He began t read and write at the age f five.
5. The teacher asked me t speak mre ludly.
6. Tm came t see me last night.
7. I am glad t see yu.
8.Have yu gt anything t say?
9.There are many places t see in China.
10.I asked him nt t pen the windw.
11. I dn’t knw what t buy fr yu.
12. I saw him dance.
13. He ften helps me clean the rm.
14. They are t shy t speak English.
15. He was lucky enugh t find his watch.
16. I want yu t g there tgether with me.
解析：1、T grw plants做主语；2、t hear yur vice做主语；3、t be a pilt作表语；4、t read and write作宾语；5、t speak mre ludly作宾语补足语；6、t see me作状语；7、t see yu作状语；8、t say作定语；9、t see作定语；10、nt t pen the windw作宾语补足语；11、what t buy作宾语；12、dance作宾语补足语（省略t）；13、clean the rm作宾语补足语（省略t）；14、t speak English作状语；15、t find his watch作状语；16、t g there tgether with me作宾语补足语。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
选择最佳答案填空：
1. Tell him ______ the light.
A. t turn B. nt t turn n C. t nt turn D. nt t turn
2. It tk us mre than tw hurs _______ the dinner.
A. prepare B. preparing C. t prepare D. t be prepared
3. We felt the earth _______.
A. mve B. mveing C. t mve D. be mved
4. The students were made ______ the text ten times.
A. read B. reading C. t read D. t be read
5. The chair lks rather hard _______, but in fact it is very cmfrtable.
A. t sit B. t sit n C. sitting D. sit
6. Nbdy knws __________next.
A. what t d B. t d what C. which t d D. hw t d
7. It is very imprtant ______ us ________these wrds.
A. t, t remember B. fr, t remember C. fr, remember D. fr, remembering
8. _______ English well, ne must have a lt practice.
A. Fr speaking B. Speaking C. T speak D. Speak
9. I’m ging t the library ______ the bks.
A. return B. brrw C. t return D. t lend
10. We went t twn _________ sme shpping.
A. ding B. did C. t make D. t d
11. The funny stry _______ me laugh.
A. make B. making C. t make D. made
12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _________.
A. stp t have a rest B. t stp having a rest
C. t stp t have a rest D. stpping t have a rest
13. It is very kind _______ yu t help me with my husewrk. It is hard _____me t d all
the wrk.
A. f, fr B. fr, f C. f, t D. t, fr
14. Many peple think it very difficult _______ English.
A. t say B. t learn C. speak D. fr speaking
15. The teacher asked the students __________ her _______ the wrd again.
A. listen t; t read B. t hear; say
C. t listen t; speak D. t listen t; prnunce
16.Remember ______ the bk here tmrrw.
A. bring B. t bring C. take D. t take
17. ---Let's have a rest, shall we?
--- Nt nw. I dn't want t stp _______ the letter yet.
A. write B. t write C. writing D. and write
18. ---This physics prblem is t difficult. Can yu shw me __________, Wang Lin?
--- Sure.
A. what t wrk it ut B. what t wrk ut it
C. hw t wrk it ut D. hw t wrk ut it
19.--- Hw can I imprve my spken English?
--- Yu have t practise ______ as much as yu can.
A. speak B. speaking C. spken D. t speak
20. --- Hw abut ging hiking this weekend?
--- Srry. I prefer _______ rather than _______.
A. t stay at hme, g ut B. t g ut, stay at hme
C. staying at hme, g ut D. ging ut, stay at hme
1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD 11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA
宾 语 从 句
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
1．在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was gd at drawing. (动词宾语)
He asks him hw lng Mike has been dwn . (动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angry at what yu said. (介词宾语)
2． 宾语从句的引导词有三类：
以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句， that可以省略。eg, The radi says (that) the cluds will lift later n.
She tld me (that) she wuld like t g with us.
以连接代词which, what, wh等或连接副词hw, where, why 等引导的宾语从句，从句是陈述语序
eg, Culd yu tell me what’s the matter with u?
I want t knw hw sn it will begin.
以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序
eg, I wnder if /whether u have tld the new t Li Lei .
3．宾语从句的时态
当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。 eg, I want t knw what time he gt up this mrning.
Yu are telling me that yu wn’t stp until tmrrw?
当主句为一般过去时态时， 从句要用于过去有关的时态。
eg,They asked what Jean was ding nw .
Linda said that the train had left.
当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。
eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sund.
Plly said n news is a gd news
注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。
当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if
eg, We are talking abut whether we’ll g n the pinic.
引导词与动词不定式或 nt 连用时， 只用whether.
eg, Please let me knw what t d next.
Culd yu tell me whether u g r nt?
if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.
eg, Yu can’t wrk the plan ut if yu dn’t have the meeting .
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
The teacher asked the students ________.
A. if they were interested in dinsaurs B. when was Albert Einstein brn
C. what they will d with the cmputers D. hw many trees they have planted
解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D,答案A中的if 意为如果.
应选A
Culd yu tell me _______ ?
what the matter is with yu B. what was the matter with yu
C. hat’s the matter with yu D. what’s the wrng with yu .
解析：what 就是从句的主语，what’s the matter with yu 本身就是陈述语序，因此删掉A; 主句可看作是委婉的请求，并是一般过去式，可删去答案B; wrng 前不用加the, 因此此题选 C.
3.He asked me _______ I culd sing the sng “My Heart will G On.”
A. if B. weather C.what D. that
解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词， 故删去D；weather 意为天气，根据句意应选A.
4.Our teacher tld us that the mn _________ rund the earth.
A. went B. turned C.g D. turns
解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。 应选 D
5. It makes n difference __________.
whether will yu cme tmrrw.
Whether r nt will be pass the exam
If he will cme t the meeting r nt
Whether he will cme t the meeting r nt
解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if 不能与 nt 连用。因此此题选D
6. They dn’t knw _______ their parents are.
A.that B. what C. why D. which
解析：what 表示职业， 因此选B.
7. I am sure _______ yu said is true.
A. what B. that C. which D. wh
解析：根据句意应用what , 做said 的内容， 你所说的话。应选A.
8. The ld man tld us _______ and ________.
A. t d what , t d hw B. what t d it, hw t d it
C. what t d, hw t d it D. what t d , hw t d
解析： 疑问词what 即连接不定式，又做 d 的宾语； 而在hw 引导的不定式短语中， hw 表示方式， d 为及物动词， 因此需接宾语才正确
应选C
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
1.---D yu knw when the Wrld Cup ________ next week?
--- Next Friday. When it ________, I will ring yu.
A. begins, begins B. begins, will begin C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins
2.--- Tday r tmrrw?
--- What are yu talking abut?
--- We are talking abut _______ t give a talk n WTO.
A. hw B. where C. when D. what
3. I wnder _________.
A. where des he live B. where he live
C. he lives where D. where he lives
4. --- Are yu sure yu have t ? It's been very late.
--- I dn't knw _____ I can d it if nt nw.
A. where B. why C. when D. hw
5. ---Wuld yu please tell me _________?
--- In a small village near Niingb.
A. where was yur mther brn B. where yur mther was brn
C. when was yur mther brn D. when yur mther was brn
6. The phtgraph will shw yu ________.
A. what des ur village lk like B. what ur village lks like
C. hw des ur village lk like D. hw ur village lks like
7. --- Can yu guess if they _______ t play basketball with us?
--- I think they'll cme if they _________ free.
A.will cme, will be B. will cme, are C. cme, are D. cme, will be
8. ---Where des he cme frm ?
--- Pardn?
--- I asked where_________.
A…. did he cme frm B. he came frm
C. he cmes frm D. des he cme frm
9. She wndered __________.
A. hw much he cst the cmputer B. hw much he paid fr the cmputer
C. hw much the cmputer will cst him D. hw much did he spend n the cmputer
10. ---D yu knw ________?
--- I'm nt sure. Maybe he is a businessman.
A. wh he is B. wh is he C. what he des D. what des he d
1-5 DCDCB 6-10 BBBBA
状 语 从 句
状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：
时间状语从句：
Whenever he cmes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。
条件状语从句：
As lng as I am alive, I will g n studying. 只要我活着， 我就要学习。
原因状语从句：
Since we live near the sea, we enjy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。
地点状语从句：
Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。
目的状语从句：
Finish this s that yu can start anther.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。
结果状语从句：
He was s angry that he culdn’t say a wrd. 他气得说不出话了。
让步状语从句：
Thugh he is in pr health, he wrks hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。
方式状语从句：
Students d as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。
比较状语从句：
The wrk isn’t as easy as I thught.这项工作比我想象得难。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
易混引导词while, when, as的区别：
when既可以指“时间点”,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指“时间段”，与延续性动词连用（=while）。如：
When he came in, his mther was cking.
When (While) we were at schl, we went t the library every day.
While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：
Please dn’t talk s lud while thers are wrking.
As与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有“随着……”或“一边……一边……”之意。如：
As yu get lder, yu get mre knwledge.随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。
2．Because,as,since 的区别：
Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强；As用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成“由于”；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成“既然”。如：
Water is very imprtant because we can’t live withut it.
He didn’t cme yesterday as his mther was ill.
I’ll d it fr yu since yu are busy.
3．such…that, s…that, s that 引导结果状语从句的区别：
such是形容词，修饰名词; s 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。其结构如下：
1) such + a (n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词+that……
2) such+形容词+复数可数名词+that ……
3) such +形容词+不可数名词+that……。如：
This was such a gd film that I went t see it several times.
It was such gd bks that they sell well.
It was such bad weather that I had t stay at hme.
He spke s fast that I culdn’t fllw him.
He is such a lvely by that we all like him.
=He is s lvely a by that we all like him.
注：在“形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”结构中，当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时，名词前用s。如：
She made s many mistakes that she didn’t pass the exam.
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。
1.Jim spends a lt f mney n bks______he is nt rich.
2.Kate fell int sleep ______she was listening t the music.
3.----Is David at schl tday?
----N. He is at hme ______he has a bad cld.
4.We wn’t have supper ______my mther cmes back.
5.Speak t him slwly ______he may understand yu better.
6. ______ she desn’t cme n Sunday, I’ll g fishing by myself.
7.It is fur years ______I had left that small village.
8. ______the air mves, it is called wind.
9.We will g t the park ______it desn’t rain tmrrw.
10.______little bys did ______much wrk.
11.There are few new wrds in the passage ______we can’t understand it.
12.G back ______yu cme frm.
13.He reached the statin ______the train had left.
14.----D yu have a swimming pl?
----N, we dn’t. At least, nt ______big ______yurs.
15.Give me yur paper ______yu have finished it.
16.It is raining hard, ______we have t stay at hme.
17. ______yu wrk harder, yu’ll never pass the final exam.
18.Lk after te children ______I am ut.
19.The village is ______far away ______I can’t get there n ft.
20.That is ______an interesting bk ______I can’t stp reading it.
Keys: 1.thugh 2.while 3.because 4.until 5. s that
6.Even if 7.since 8.when 9.if 10.Such, d
11.but 12.where 13.befre 14.as(s), as15.after
16.s 17.unless 18.while 19.s, that 20.such, that
定 语 从 句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词。 定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、wh、 which、 whse和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词， 在定语从句中担当某一成份。
关系代词和关系副词的作用：
先行词指物时， 关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。
如：China is a cuntry which / that has a large ppulatin.
The cmputer game which/ that he is playing is his favrite.
先行词指人时， 关系代词用（wh）作主语或宾语，whm (作宾语)，whse (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。 如：
The man wh is mending the machine has been retired.
This is the pliceman wh/ whm they were talking abut yesterday.
I like the girl whse mther is an actr.
注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或 wh。
先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, nne, anything, nthing, everything等时。如：I didn’t understand the wrds all that he said.
2．先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, nly, all, n, just 等所修饰。如：This is the mst beautiful place that I have been t .
行词既包括人，也包括物。如：They always like t talk abut the man and the things that they see n the rad.
当主句是以which 或wh 开头的特殊疑问句时。如：wh is the man that pened up the lab.
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
He is a friend ______ can help yu in time f need.
A. wh he B. whse C. / D. wh
解析：引导词在定语从句中做主语，指人。 应选D 。
The mst imprtant thing ______ we shuld pay attentin t is the first thing ______ I have said.
A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, that
解析：先行词前有序数词， 最高级时，引导次只能用 that. 应选D.
This is the nly ne f these bks that ______wrth reading.
A．has B. have C. is D. are
解析：引导词that在句中作主语，代指ne ，应选C。
The man ______ talked t yu just nw is my father.
A. wh B. he C. which D. whse
解析：引导词在句中作主语指人，应选A.
They thught t much abut ______.
A. which I had said B. what I had said
C. that I had said D. I had said
解析：此题引导词作在从句中作宾语，表示说话的内容，应 选B。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
一、选择最佳答案填空：
Did yu find the ntebk ______ Jim had given me fr my birthday?
A. wh B. whm C. which D. whse
2. That’s all ______ I have seen and heard.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
3. Have yu seen the man ______ plan we were talking abut ______ yesterday ?
A. wh, them B. its, them C. whse,/ D. whse, them
4.The Oscar is ne f the film prizes ______ ffered t any Chinese actr r actress s far.
A. which are nt B. that have nt been C. that has nt D. that has nt been
5. He never reads anything ______ is nt wrth reading.
A. that B. as C. wh D. which
6. The man ________ cat is black is waiting at the gate.
A. wh's B. whse C. that D. f which
7. _________ cleans the classrm can g hme first.
A. Anyne B. thse wh C. Hwever D. The ne wh
8. The plice caught the man _______ stle my handbag.
A. he B. that C. whm D. which
9. The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister.
A. which, is B. whm, was C. wh , is D. wh, was
10. Gerge Mallry was an English teacher _______ lved climbing.
A. wh B. whm C. he D. which
1-5 CDCBA 6-10 BDBCA
综 合 练 习
一、用所给词的适当形式填空：
1.Please make ______fr my bike.(rm)
2.The beautiful scenery f Qingda ______a large number f peple t visit every year.(attract)
3.Our rm is n the eleventh flr. What abut ______? (yu)
4.Summer is the ______ seasn f the year. (ht)
5.We must ______ur classrm clean and tidy every day.(keep)
6. ______f Chinese are lking fr ways t learn English well befre Beijing 2008 Olympic.(thusand)
7.The bk is rather interesting. It’s ______reading again.（wrth）
8.Thank yu fr ______me yur dictinary. I’ll return it t yu sn.(lend)
9.Hard wrk brings ______.(successful)
10.We shuld d smething t stp waste water frm ______rivers and seas.（pllute）
11.The ld man put n his sweater and ______ut alne.(g)
12.One f the ______cmes frm Suth Africa.（science）
13.I think I can d ______in French this year than last year. （well）
14.After three ______study, we wrked ut the physics prblem.（mnth）
15. I went upstairs and ______at the dr. (knck)
16.The children are playing ______in the park. (happy)
17.Her brther enjys ______very much. (surf)
18.I have ______a seat n the plane, but the flight was canceled.(bk)
19.She lay______fr hurs thinking ver her business.(wake)
20.Please turn t anther ______. I dn’t like this shw. (channel)
21.“Help! Help! I ______!”the little by cried in the river.(dead)
22.There is a big difference between yu and ______.(I)
23.He ften ______speaking English with freigners.(practice)
24.We have sme prblems______there.(get)
25.Katy thinks ______in twn is mre exciting than in the cuntry.(live)
26.I heard her ______when I walked past her rm.(sing)
27.Telll me the ______number, dn’t use “abut”r “r s”.(exactly)
28.We lived in a place ______Gum Tree. (call)
29.My daughter says he’s feeling even______tday.(ill)
30.The weather gets warmer, and the days get ______. (lng)
31.In which cuntry is the weather mst like ______?(China)
32.----Jim, have yu written a letter t yur aunt?
----Yes, Mum. I ______ ne last week.(write)
33.Lk at the sign:“N ______!”. I am afraid yu can’t smke here.(smke)
34.Dn’t keep me ______fr a lng time.(wait)
35.The plice have caught the thief wh matches the man’s ______.(describe)
36.Help ______t sme fish, children.(yu)
37.Yu’d better g t see the dctr and have yur bad teeth______ut. (pull)
38.Bad luck!I had my purse______.(steal)
39.The cars made in America are much cheaper than ______in Germany.(that)
40.Jhn became a dctr after he ______up.(grw)
41.The match ______in the league last mnth was wnderful.(hld)
42.I am sure that ur team will ______theirs.(beat)
43.Bth f the tw rulers are______. I want t buy a third ne.(break)
44.----This digital camera is really cheap!
----The cheaper, the ______. I am shrt f mney , yu see.(gd)
45.Hw lng has yur mther ______here?(be)
46.All the students are busy______ ready fr the cming exam.(get)
47.The children lked ______.(happy)
48. Hw ______yu are living in Qingda! (luck)
49.When we arrived here, all the apples had ______up.(eat)
50.Talk abut yur plan and hw t make it ______.(wrk)
51.I can see______ in the picture.(baby)
52. It has develped a lt because S many______ cities are arund it.(satellite)
53.She stpped ______and listened t her mther.(cry)
54.I like ______the dlphin swim and jump.(watch)
55.Be ______t thers and they will be the same t yu.(friend)
56.”Nut” ______”jiangu”.(mean)
57.They ften d sme ______in the mrning.(clean)
58.----The fridge in the middle is very nice.
----I think s, but it ______t much.(cst)
59.What a pr by, he was ______ in the frest.(lse)
60.----Dn’t tuch the papers.
----Certainly, I’ll nt ______the papers be tuched.(let)
61.He felt very srry when he realized what a terrible mistake he ______.(make)
62.I prefer ______(swim) t ______(run).
63.There are a lt ______apples in this basket than in that ne.(many)
64.Flrence tk lessns in music and drawing, and read ______.(wide)
65. ______the buttn and yu can get what yu want.(press)
66.He was nt the nly ______in this terrrist attacks.(victim)
67.Teachers ______ur exam papers already.(scre)
68.The plice have caught then thief wh ______ur descriptin.(match)
69.They ______me as their family member.(regard)
70.After he graduated frm middle schl, he ______his educatin.(cntinue)
71.I culdn’t hear what he said. Ask him t speak mre ______, please.(clear)
72.I ______ him t a game f tennis and at last he wn.(challenge)
73.Many dctrs are ______t the village.(send)
74.The fld ______the ld bridge away last night.(wash)
75.Hw many ______fssils can yu see in the museum?(dinsaur)
76.Lessns learned easily are sn ______.(frget)
77.The ______by hid behind the dr.(frighten)
78.The first part f the 20th century ______mre great inventins.(see)
79.The past has______with the wind.(g)
80.Last Sunday I spent $20 ______these bks.(buy)
81.He appeared t the ______and they were very excited.(audience)
82.He ______t catch the early bus because he gt up late.(fail)
83.As a gd dctr, he ______a lt f peple’s lives till nw.(save)
84.The hard wrk made him feel______.(frustrate)
85.Believe me, I have ______in yu.(cnfident)
86.It was the first newspaper ______n the train.(sell)
87.They are very busy these days because they have ______a bkshp.(start)
88.The sharks ______ n fish r ther sea animals.(feed)
89.There was n machines ______a persn t breathe under water fr a lng time.(allw)
90.He has ______ a TV shw fr a lng time.(run)
91.Mr Black has taught in ur schl since 2002. He ______us very well.(teach)
92.September is ______mnth f a year.(nine)
93.Have yu ever ______things abut?(litter)
94.Can we stp the factry frm ______ the waste water int the river?(pur)
95.It’s nt plite ______in a public place.(spit)
96.She has made a majr ______t ur wrk.(cntributin)
97.I ______my umbrella n the bus because the rain stpped when I gt ff the bus.(leave)
98.We were ______f ur Chinese players in this Olympic Games.(pride)
99.Sme ______are learning Chinese nw.(Italy)
100.My gd hbby is ______.(read)
Answers:
1.rm2.attracts3.yurs4.httest5.keep 6.Thusands 7.wrth 8.lending 9.success 10.plluting 11.went12.scientists13.better 14.mnths’ 15.kncked 16.happily 17.surfing18.bked 19.awake 20.channel 21.am dying 22.me23.practises 24.getting25.living 26.singing 27.exact 28.called29.wrse30.lnger 31.China’s
32.wrte 33.smking 34.waiting 35.descriptin 36.yurselves 37.pulled
38 stlen 39. thse 40.grw 41. held 42. beat 43. brken44. better 45. been 46. getting 47.happy 48.luckily49.been eaten 50.wrk51.babies52.satellite53.crying54.watching55.friendly
56.means57.cleaning58.csts 59.lst 60.let 61.had made 62.swimming, running63.mre64.widely 65.Press 66.victim 67.have scred 68.matches 69.regarded 70.cntinued 71.clearly
72.challenged 73.sent74.washed 75.dinsaur76.frgtten/frgt
77.frightened 78.saw 79.gne 80.buying81.audience
82.failed 83.had saved 84.frustrated85.cnfidence 86.sld
87.started 88.feed 89.allwing 90.run 91.teaches
92.the ninth93.littered 94.puring 95.t spit
96.cntributin 97.left98.prud 99.Italians 100.reading
二、选择最佳答案填空：
Please ______ a cat with yu whenyu g ut.
bring B.put C.get D.take
He finished ______the bk yesterday evening.
seeing B.watching C.reading D.lking
It’s getting warmer and warmer. The flwers start t ______.
cme in B.cme ver C.cme ut D.cme n
They will ______Qingda tnight.
arrive B.get C.reach D.g
Sn Cathy ______up with me, then we were neck and neck.
taught B.caught C.bught D.brught
Again and again the dctr ______the crying girl, but he culdn’t find what was wrng with her.
lked ver B.lked after C.lked fr D.lked ut
Yu ______g and ask Lily . She ______knw the answer.
must, can B.must, may C.need, can D.can, may
8. I bught a new dictinary and it ______me $30.
paid B.spent C.tk D.cst
9.The children planted mre trees and flwers after they______Greener China.
jined B.tk part in C.became D.were
10.Culd yu tell me smething mre abut Hng Kng?
I am ______ging there fr a hliday sn.
lking up B.thinking abut C.trying ut D.finding ut
11.What a nice bag! But she ______nly thirty dllars fr it.
cst B.tk C.spent D.paid
12.N matter hw hard it is, we’ll keep ______until we make it.
failed B.failing C.tried D.trying
13.I must return the camera t Cindy. I ______it fr tw weeks.
keep B.brrwed C.have kept D.have lent
14.I am sure ur vlleyball team will______the team frm N. 3 Middle Schl.
win B.fail C.lse D.beat
15.Tracy can’t play the match nw. Please ______instead.
have Gina d it B.have Linda t d it
C.make Jane t d it D.let Daisy t d it
16.----D yu like______a dctr fr the children?
----Yes. T be a children’s dctr is rewarding.
be B.being C.are D.becme
17.----What d yu think f her vice?
----It______very sweet, I shuld say.
hears B.sunds C.listens D.sings
18.----Hw much des it ______t fly frm Beijing t Qingda ne-way?
----Abut 1,000 yuan.
cst B.pay C.spend D.take
19.----Water-skiing and surfing are my favurite. Hw abut yu ?
----I ______surfing t water-skiing.
think B.agree C.want D.prefer
20.----It’s mre and mre imprtant t prtect ur earth.
----I think s. If everyne ______a cntributin t it, ur wrld will be mre beautifu..
make B.makes C.will make D.make
21.Yu ______swim in this part f the lake. It’s dangerus.
mustn’t B.needn’t C.wn’t D.may
22.Jenny is a nurse and ______in Twn Hspital.
wrks B.wrked C.had wrked D. wrking
23.----Where is Sandy?
----He ______t anwer the phne. He’ll be back in a minute.
had gne B.has gne C.has been D.went
24.---- ______all yur things, Mary! I hate them here and there!
----OK, Mum.
Put up B.Put n C.Put dwnD.Put away
25.----Hw d yu g t wrk every day?
----I ______n my bike.
ride B.drive C.take D.walk
26.----Oh, yu painted the walls yurself?
----Yes. It was nt hard. The whle wrk didn’t ______.
A.want B.cst C.spend D.pay
27.----Hw abut ging hiking this weekend?
----Srry. I prefer______rather than______.
t stay at hme, g ut B.t g ut, stay at hme
C.staying at hme, g ut D.ging ut, stay at hme
28.----May I ______yur Chinese-Russian dictinary?
----Srry, I ______it at hme.
brrw, frgt B.lend,left C.lend, frgt D.brrw, left
29.----Yur T-shirt lks nice. Is it ______wl?
----Yes, and it’s a ______Inner Mnglia.
made f, made by B.made f, made in
C.made by, made fr D.made by, made frm
30.Culd yu tell me hw t ______it in French?
say B.speak C.talk D.tell
31.Bb______nearly tw hurs ding his wrk yesterday.
spent B.tk C.paid D.cst
32.----Awuld yu please______this ld lady?
----Sure. Have my seat, please.
take rm fr B.give a rm fr C.make rm fr D.have rms with
33.Jim was s busy______the answer frm Lily’s paper that he frgt ______her name int his.
t cpy, t change B.t cpy, changing
C.cpying, t change D.cpying, changing
34.The yung man brke his arm in the accident and had t ______his jb.
send up B.put up C.get up D.give up
35.The wman hasn’t heard frm her sn fr mnths. It______her a lt.
interests B.mves C.wrries D.pleases
36.It’s rather cld utside. Heree’s a cat. ______, please.
Pick it up B.Put it n C.Take it ff D.Turn it dwn
37.They are busy______ready fr the exam.
get B.getting C.t get D.gt
38.----What are yu ding, Emily?
----I’m ______the radi. The music is s beautiful.
watching B.listening t C.hearing D.mending
39.He ______the bus and fund a seat next t the windw.
gt dwn B.gt ff C.gt n D.gt ut
40.----D yu think Jim will pass the Chemistry exam?
----Sure. He ______a lt f time n it.
A.tk B.cst C.paid D.spent
41.We enjy______the mn in the pen air n the Mid-autumn Day.
t see B.seeing C.t watch D.watching
42. A lt f meetings were ______because f the dangerus disease.
taken ff B.put ff C.turned ff D.set ff
43.Wuld yu please g and ______sme water fr me? I am thirsty.
t bring B.t carry C.take D.get
44.----HI, Pete! Why are yu in such a hurry?
----______the 7:30 train.
Catch B.T catch C.Catching D.Caught
45.Alice, we are ging t spend ur hliday in Canada. If yu ______, we can g t Italy instead.
hpe B.wish C.prefer D.agree
46.----Awuld yu like t have a try?
----Yes, very much. It ______t be exciting.
seem B.is lking C.seems D.will lk
47.----Mike! What are yu ding there?
----Listen, Mum! I hear smebdy______upstairs.
ging B.ges C.g D.t g
48.It was raining heavily utside. The father made the children ______in the rm.
t stay B.stay C.staying D.stayed
49.After years f hard wrk, his dream______in the end.
came ut B.came true C.came ver D.came up
50.----Hell! Wuld yu like t g t the cncert with me tnight?
----I’m srry I can’t. Mther wn’t ______me t g ut in the evening.
let B.allw C.ffer D.ask
51.It tk us a lng time ______Hawaii but we thught the jurney was enjyable.
t get B.getting C.t reach D.reaching
52.The teacher asked us t stp______because she wanted t tell us smething.
talking B.t talk C.hearing D.t hear
53.The car ______and stpped at the red traffic light.
gt n B.gt ff C.slwed dwn D.picked up
54.I think this is the best way t slve the prblem. D yu ______me?
play with B.hear f C.agree with D.get n well with
55.Let him______a rest. I think he must be tired after the lng walk.
have B.gets C.t take D.has
56.The film ______fr ten minutes.
has begun B.has been begun C.has been n D.began
57.----Shall we g and ______hell t freign teachers?
----Gd idea! Let’s g.
say B.speak C.shut D.talk
58.Our teacher did what she culd ______us with English.
help B.helped C.helping D.t help
59.We must d smething t stp peple frm ______.
t thrw litter abut B.t thrw litter int
C.thrwing litter abut D.thrwing litter int
60.----Have yu ever ______Lintng t see the Terra Ctta Warrirs?
----Yes, I have.
went t B.gne t C.been in D.been t
61.I hpe that yu ______a gd time this evening.
have B.are having C.will have D.had
62.----Hi, Carl, hw was yur trip t Disney Wrld?
----Hi, we ______a gd time there.
are having B.have had C.had D.have
63.I wn’t g t the cncert because I ______my ticket.
lst B.dn’t lse C. will lse D. have lst
64.The bttle is empty. Wh ______the juice?
has drunk B.drinks C.drank D.is drinking
65.The wrld ______. Things never stay the same.
A.changes B.is changing C.was changing D.will change
66._______ a cld mrning, I pened the windw and was glad t find that It was snwing
utside.
A. By B. In C. At D. On
67. There is ________ tday's newspaper.
A. nthing new in B. smething new n
C. imprtant smething in D. nthing imprtant n
68. The headmaster _________ a nisy by frm the library.
A. sent fr B. sent ut C. sent back D. sent away
69. _______ it ges n, hur ________ hur.
A. S, after B. Such, by C. That, after D. / by
70. Silk ________ in _______ China.
A. prduce, the sutheast B. is prduced, sutheast
C. is grwn, sutheast D. is prduced, the sutheast f
71. " D yu knw if the ld man is still living?"
" I'm srry. He _________. He ______ fr tw mnths.
A. died, has died B. has died, has been dead
C. has been dead, died D. has died, has dead
72. Dn't rush. There's still ______ time left.
A. mre B. a lt C. a little D. a few
73. Wuld yu please _______ fill the same bttle _______ full?
A. nt, t much B. nt t, t much
C. nt, much t D. nt t, much t
74. He asked ______ they wuild hld the meeting _____ it rained the next day.
A. if, whether B. whether, if C. whether, whether D. if, whether
75. English is taught _________ a freign language in almst all schl in China.
A. with B. by C. as D. fr
76. "Which by d yu want t see nw? "
"The _______ in the red hat."
A. man B. persn C. peple D. ne
77. Peter culd hardly see the wrds n the blackbard, ________?
A. did he B. culdn't he C. didn't he D. culd he
78. The lady always ________ in white at the party.
A. wears B. dresses C. is wrn D. gets dressed
79. Britain is nly 30 kilmeters _______ frm France.
A. far B. far away C. away far D. away
80. Dn't ask me t g with him, ________?
A. shall we B. wn't yu C. will yu D. dn't yu
81. " Yu 've gt a new dress, t"
" Yes. Mine is _______ , but nt s _______ as yurs."
A. better, cheap B. mre better, expensive
C. better, mre expensive D. gd, cheaper
82. Lily was busy _______ ready fr the exam and was made ______ in her rm the
whle afternn.
A. getting, study B. get , t study
C. getting, t study D. t get, study
83. She didn't tell me ________.
A. which rm she lived B. she lived in which rm
C. which rm did she lived D. which rm she lived in
84. The _______nw is that we have lts f ________ t ask.
A. prblem, questins B. questin, prblems
C. questin, prblem D. prblem, questin
85. Wuld yu please speak slwly? I can hardly ______ yu.
A. talk with B. agree with C. fllw D. hear f
86. Please let me knw if yu ________ yur address.
A. mve B. change C. chse D. find
87. The sign " ________" is usually seen n the bx with glass in.
A. PULL B. CLOSED C.DANGER D. FRAGILE
88. At weekends I prefer _______ at hme t _______ut.
A. stay, ging B. staying, g C. staying, ging D. t stay, g
89. The tree must ________ three times a week.
A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters
90. They _______ sme bks frm the liarary last week.
A. lend B. lends C. buy D. brrwed
91. ---D yu still have a headache, Billy?
--- N, it's ________. I'm all right nw, mum.
A. drpped B. run C. left D. gne
92. He is kind and always _______ his help t thers.
A. receives B. brings C. takes D. ffers
93. I'm sure ur ftball team will ________ the team frm NO. 3 Middle Schl.
A. win B. fail C. lse D. beat
94. ---Mst htels are very full tday.
--- Dn't wrry! I have ______ a rm already in the Changjiang Htel.
A. bught B. bked C. visited D. seen
95. T their _______, they all passed the exam.
A. surprise B. surprised C. surprising D. surprises
96. ---Our English teacher ften _____ us stries in class.
--- Yes, he's s ppular.
A. tells B. asks C. says D. speaks
97. They were all ut _________ the missing child.
A. fund B. t lk fr C. find ut D. t lk after
98. The by fell ff the bike and ___________ n the rad.
A. lied B. lie C. lay D. laid
99. I think the headmaster is prud f us because he usually _________ us at thee
schl meeting.
A. speak ludly B. thinks highly C, is pride f D. speaks highly f
100. The funny by _______ his pckets _______ sand.
A. filled … in B. filled…with C. full…with D. full…f
Key:1----5 DCCCB 6----10 ADDAB 11----15 DDCDA 16----20 BBADB
21--25 AABDA 26--30 BADBA 31---35 ACCDC 36---40 BDBCD
41--45 DBDBC 46--50 CABBB 51—55 CACCA 56—60 CADCD
61---65 CCDAB 66-70 DAAAD 71-75 BCDBC 76-80 DDBDC
81-85 ACDAC 86-90 BDCCD 91-95 DBDBA 96-100 ABCDB

名
[来源
[来源:数理化网]
词
类 别[来源:数理化网]
意 义
例 词
专有名词
表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称
Jim , China, Qingda, the UK, the Great Wall
普通名词
可
数
名
词
个体名词
表示单个人的人或事物
girl, student, factry, desk, cat , cuntry
集合 名词
表示一群人或一些事物的总称
peple, plice, team, clthes, grup, crew
不
可
数
名
词
物质名词
表示无法分为个体的物质
water, ice, prk, cheese, cttn, brccli
抽象名词
表示抽象概念的词
fun, healthy, happiness, curage, lve, care
当名词为：
词尾变化
读 音
例 词
一般情况
加s
在清辅音后读/s/
chips, jeeps, pats , clcks
在浊辅音或元音后读/z/
bys, sharpeners, sfas, drawers
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词
加es
/iz/
watches, bxes, classes, brushes
以字母结尾的单词
加s或es
/z/
zs, phts, bambs,
tmates, ptates, heres,
以辅音字母+y结尾的单词
去y 变i加es
/z/
dictinaries, strawberries,
以f 或fe结尾的单词
去f或fe 变v 加 es
/vz/
leaves, wives, halves
以th结尾的词
加s
/ðz/; /θz/
muths, paths; mnths, deaths
数
格
人 称
单 数
复 数
主 格
宾 格
主 格
宾 格
第一人称
we
me
we
us
第二人称
yu
yu
yu
yu
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
词 义
类 型
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他/她/它们的
形容词性物主代词
my
yur
his
her
its
ur
yur
their
名 词性物主代词
mine
yurs
his
hers
its
urs
yurs
theirs
词 义
数
我(们)自己
你(们)自己
他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 们 自 己
单 数
myself
yurself
himself
herself
itself
复 数
urselves
yurselves
themselves
这，这个
那，那个
这些
那些
this
that
these
thse
一般情况
＋s
以s, x, ch, sh 或 结尾
＋es
以辅音＋y结尾
去y变i＋es
主 语
肯 定 式
否 定 式
疑 问 式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
I am a student.
We/Yu/ They are students.
He/ She is a student.
I / We/ Yu/ They/ like music.
Many peple like music.
I am nt a student.
We/Yu/ They are nt students.
He/ She is nt a student.
I / We/ Yu/ They/ dn’t like music.
Many peple dn’t like music.
Are yu a student.
Are yu/ they students?
Is he/ she a student?
D yu/ they like music?
D many peple like music?
一般情况
+ing
以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ing
+ing
以辅音字母＋y结尾的单词
去e+ing
以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.
双写词尾字母+ing
主 语
肯 定 式
否 定 式
疑 问 式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
I am driving.
He/She/It is wrking.
We/Yu/They are ding smething.
I am nt driving.
He/She/It is nt wrking.
We/Yu/They are nt ding anything.
Are yu driving?
Is he/she/it wrking?
Are yu/they ding smething?
一般情况
+ed
以e字母结尾的辅音
+d
以辅音字母＋y结尾
去y变i＋ed
重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写词尾字母+ed
主 语
肯 定 式
否 定 式
疑 问 式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
I was a student.
We/Yu/ They were students.
He/ She was a student.
I / We/ Yu/ They/ liked music.
Many peple liked music.
I was nt a student.
We/Yu/ They were nt students.
He/ She was nt a student.
I / We/ Yu/ They/ didn’t like music.
Many peple didn’t like music.
Were yu a student.
Were yu/ they students?
Was he/ she a student?
Did yu/ they like music?
Did many peple like music?
主 语
肯 定 式
否 定 式
疑 问 式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
I /We/Yu/ They have been here befre.
He/ She has been here befre.
.I / We/ Yu/ They/ Many peple have seen the film.
I /We/Yu/ They haven’t been here befre.
He/ She hasn’t been here befre .
.I / We/ Yu/ They/ Many peple haven’t seen the film.
Have yu/ they been here befre?
Has he/ she been here befre?
Have yu/ they/ many peple seen the film?
作 用
例 句
定 语
Yu can see a lt f beautiful flwers in the garden.
表 语
Yur cat is t small.
宾语补足语
The ld wman keeps everything clean and tidy.
情 况
加 法
例 词
一 般 情 况
直接加 -er ; -est
tall-taller-tallest
以e结尾的词
加 –r ; -st
nice-nicer-nicest
以“辅音+y”结尾的词
变y为i再加-er ; -est
dry-drier-driest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
以一个辅音字母结尾的词
辅音字母双写，再加-er ; -est
thin-thinner-thinnest
多音节和部分双音节单词
在词前加 mre ; mst
mre delicius
mst delicius
原 级
比较级
最高级
gd , well
better
best
bad , ill
wrse
wrst
many , much
mre
mst
little
less
least
far
farther / further
farthest / furthest
级别
比较程度
表达方式和意义
例 句
备 注
原
级
同
等
程
度
肯
定
形
式
As+原级+as
(像……一样)
Art is as interesting as music.
Play as well as yu can.
否
定
形
式
nt + s (as) +原级+as
(不如……那样)
English is nt s difficult as science.
She des nt study s well as I d.
比较级
不同程度
（用于两者比较）
比较级+than
(比……)
Jim is lder than Luky.
I like prk better than beef.
比较级前面可以加
much, far, even, still,
a lt, a little, a bit等
程度加深
比较级+and+比较级
（越来越……）
The + 比较级，the + 比较级
（越……, 越……）
He is grwing taller and taller.
He studies better and better.
The mre bks she reads, the better she understand.
最高级
最高程度
（用于三者或三者以上）
The +最高级+f (in)
(最……)
Spring is the best seasn f the year.
Lin Ta jumped (the) farthest f all.
副词最高级前面的the 往往省略
意义
介词
地点、方位
时间
动作方向
其他
abut
abve
acrss
after
against
alng
amng
arund
at
befre
behind
belw
beside
between
by
during
fr
frm
in
inside
int
like
near
f
n
like
utside
ver
past
since
till
t
twards
under
until
with
withut
在。。。之上
在。。。之后
在。。。之中
在。。。周围、附近
在
在。。。前面
在。。。后面
在。。。以下
在。。。旁边
在。。。之间
在。。。旁边
在。。。里面
在。。。里面
靠近
在。。。上面
在。。。之外
越过
在。。。下面
在。。。之后
在。。。点钟
在。。以前
在。。。之间
到。。。为止
在。。。期间
长达
从。。。起
在。。。（内、后）
接近
在。。。日
过了。。。
自从。。。
直到。。。之时
到
直到。。。为止
横过
沿着
从。。。来
进入
到。。。
对，向，朝
关于、大约
反对，对着
为了
像。。。一样
.。。。的
像
超过，在。。。以上（表示数目、程度）
用；有
没有
式
时
一 般
进 行
完 成
现在
Am / is /are + given
Am/is/are +being + given
Have / has +been +given
过去
Was / were + given
Was / were + being + given
Had +been + given
将来
Shall/ will + given
Shall / will +be + given
Shuld /wuld + be + given
含情态词的
Can / may /must +be +given
句法作用
例 句
作宾语
She wanted t brrwed my radi.
They began t read and write.
作状语
She went t see her grandma last Sunday .
He came t give us a talk yesterday.
作宾语补足语
Lucy asked him t turn ff the radi.
She asked me t speak mre ludly
Jim tld Ling Feng t g hme at nce .
The father made his sn study hard.
作定语
Have yu gt anything t say?
I had smething t eat this mrning .
作主语
T learn a freign language is nt easy.
时间
when, while, as, as sn as, since, until, after, befre
条件
If, unless
原因
As, because, since
地点
Where
目的
S that, in rder that
结果
S that, s…that, such…that
让步
thugh, althugh, even if, hwever
方式
As
比较
than, (nt)as…as,