人教版初中英语语法系列---简单并列句课件

这是一份人教版初中英语语法系列---简单并列句课件，共37页。PPT课件主要包含了简 单 句，简单句的种类，简单句的六种基本结构，并 列 句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

句型第三讲：简单句并列句
由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子。其结构是：主语+ 谓语
根据使用目的, 句子可分为:陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句
主语＋不及物动词主语＋系动词＋表语主语＋及物动词＋宾语主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语（参见 P82 简单句的五种基本句型）There be ＋主语句型
1.主语、谓语在人称与数上的一致性。 and连接两个并列主语时为复数，谓语动词也相应地使用复数形式。Girls and bys are ging t Beijingtmrrw.
但以下几种情况例外：(1). 如果and连接的两个名词是不可数名词且前面都没有冠词。若两个词表示一个事物或一个概念，谓语动词要用单数；Tea and milk is my favrite drink. 奶茶是我最爱的饮料。This bread and butter is t thick.这块涂了黄油的面包太厚了。 fish and chips 鱼炸薯条如果两个词表示的是两个事物或两个概念，谓语动词则要用复数。
(2)如果and连接的是两个可数单数名词，前一个有冠词，后一个没有冠词，意味着一个人或事物，谓语动词要用单数。 The singer and dancer is a gd student. 这位歌舞演员是位好学生。
(3)当and连接的两个名词前都有each，every，many a，n等单数概念的限定词修饰时(第二个名词前的修饰词有时可以省略)，谓语动词要用单数。 Many a by and many a girl has read that nvel.
2.陈述句与疑问句的转换。3.选择疑问句。4.反意疑问句。(1)陈述句+省略问句(2)祈使句+附加疑问句(3)反意疑问句的回答
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句 (即简单句) 连在一起而构成的句子。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句常用的连词有：and, but, r，nt als, ,
(二)并列句的考点(1) 并列连词的选用。(2) 并列连词与从属连词的区别。
并列连词: 连接两个或两个以上地位平等的词,词组,分句或句子的连词。 从属连词: 连接两个或两个以上的分句(从属关系)，用来引导复杂句中的从属分句(名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句)的连词。
并 列 连 词并列连词连接地位平等的词，短语或者句子。常见的并列连词有：(1)表并列关系的： and, bth…and, nt nly…but als, neither…nr等。(2)表选择关系的： r, either…r等。(3)表转折关系的：but, while等。(4)表因果关系的： fr, s等。
就近一致原则在并列连词 either A r B(或者A或者B) ， A r B (A或者B) ，neither A nr B (既不是A也不是B), nt nly A but als B (不仅A而且B) ，nt A but B (不是A而是B) , 引导两个并列主语A和B：Fr example(例如)：Neither I nr he has finished the hmewrk. 谓语动词与靠近的名词、代词（B）在“人称、数”上一致。另外there be＋句型，谓语动词be也遵循就近一致原则。
1. Mary likes music ___Tm is fund f sprts. A. and B. but C. bth A and B2. I failed again, ___ I wn’t give up. A. and B. but C. s3. This is my first lessn, __ I dn’t knw yur names. A. and B. but C. s
and : 表对等 “和、并且” but: 表转折 “但是”s: 表因果 “所以”
and, r, but, s 基本用法
4. Which d yu like better, apples, __ pears? A. and B. but C. r5. Nw we have n time _____ mney.  A. s B. and C. r
r: 1. 用于疑问句, 表选择：“或” 2. 用于否定句, 表并列：“和”
6. Try yur best __ yu’ll make mre prgress. A. and B. but C. r7. Dn’t lse heart, __ yu’ll lse all. A. and B. s C. r
and 和 r 都可以在祈使句中使用，区别如下：and： 通常是比较好的结果;r： 则表示不愉快或不理想的结果.
8. It’s getting warmer __ warmer. A. and B. but C. r9. He r the twins __ the USA. A. cmes frm B. cme frm C. is frm10. Nt Tm but I ___ ging t give the talk. A. am B. is C. are
adj.比 + and + adj.比 表示越来越…
A r B 和 nt A but B 结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用就近原则。
and, r, but, s 特殊用法
12. Bth Peter and I ___ ging t Guangzhu. A. are B. is C. am13. Either apples r rice __ Ok. I am hungry. A. are B. is C. /14. Neither I nr my parents ___ t tell yu the truth. A. wants B. want C. is ging t15. Nt nly I but als Jane __ sure that we’ll win. A. is B. are C. am
以上结构做主语，除bth…and… 谓语要用复数外，其余都遵循谓语动词的就近一致原则。
从属连词从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的:after, befre, when, while, as, until, till, since, as sn as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的: if（如果）, unless, as lng as 等。(3)引导原因状语从句的: because, as, since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的: s that, in rder that等。(5)引导让步状语从句的: thugh, althugh, even if等。(6)引导结果状语从句的: s that, s…that, such…that等。(7)引导比较状语从句的: than, as…as等。(8)引导宾语从句的: that, if （是否）, whether等。
主将从现原则（在时间状语从句&条件状语从句中，如主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。）(1)引导时间状语从句的:after, befre, when, while, as, until, till, since, as sn as（一…就…）等。(2)引导条件状语从句的: if (如果), unless (除非), as lng as(只要) 等。
不可同现原则Althugh（虽然） 和 but（但是） 不能同时出现同一简单句中。Because （因为）和 s（所以） 不能同时出现同一简单句中。可以用althugh/ thugh….yet 句型
宾语从句的时态与语序1. 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。（应根据实际情况而定）。主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时的时候，其宾语从句的时态一般要用任一适当的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时…）。 宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。（主语+谓语）
If 引导宾语从句时，时态也要看这两点
1. I’ll tell yur father the truth as sn as he ___ here. A. arrives B. arrived C. arrives at2. We dn’t knw if he ___ us fr the picnic. I’ll call yu if he ____. A. jins; cmes B. will jin; cmes C. will jin; will cme3. Nbdy knws when the windws ___. But I’ll tell yu when I ___ the answer. A. brke; find ut B. brken; will find ut C. were brken; find ut
从属连词用来引导从句
4. Yu wn’t understand until yu ___ him. A. meet B. meeting C. will meet5. Yu will fail in English ___ yu wrk hard. A. because B. unless C. if6. Just because we are yung, ___ we shuld wrk even harder. A. s B. / C. but7. It has been seven years since he __ here. A. left B. leaves C. leave
见代词PPT—it的特殊用法，6. 自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。 It is / has been + 时段 + since + 从句(过去时)
8. The little by ___ when I came in. A. falls dwn B. fell dwn C. was fell dwn9. We were reading when the teacher __ in. A. came B. cmes C. is cming 10. He became a dctr when he ____the university. A. graduated frm B. graduate frm C. graduated fr
1. 两个动作同时发生
2. A动作在B动作延续的时间内发生
3. A动作在B动作之后发生
11. Tm wrks in a hspital ___ Mary wrks in a cmpany. A. because B. until C. while12. While his mther was washing, he ___ his hmewrk. A. d B. did C. was ding 13. The little by fell asleep while he __ the music. A. was listen B. was listening t C. listened t
1. 表示对比，“然而，而”
2. 表示“当…的时候”。 两个动词同时发生。必须使用延续性动词。
14. Althugh I have passed the exam, ___ I am nt pleased with the result. A. and B. but C. /
althugh 和 but 不能同时出现。because 和 s 不能同时出现。
【例1】 Neither he nr I_________frm Canada. We are frm Australia.［2002，山西］ A.is B.are C.am D.be
【例2】 There is a lt f_________in the bx. ［2002，吉林］ A.cake B.bags f cakes C.milk D.bags f milk
1.We can't live_________water. A.with B.has C.haven't must hurry，_______we will be late fr schl. A.and B.r C.but are like English. D.Nt als4.The number f the students_________50. A.are B.am C.is was tired,_________he still went n wrking. A.and B.but C.r D.als
6._________Lily_________Lucy can g with yu. Because ne f them must lk after their mther at hme. D.N als7.Will yu g and get sme mre_________fr the teacher? A.chalks B.piece f chalk C.pieces f chalk D.pieces f chalks8._________is made f _________. A.Glasses，glasses B.A glass，glass C.Glasses，glasses D.A glass，glasses9.We are very tired,we shuld have_________rest. A.half an hur B.an hur C.half a hur's D.an hur's10.I heard her_________in the next rm. A.singing B.sang C.g sing D.sing
11.—I usually have breakfast at hme. —_________. A.S have I B.S d I C.I have s D.I d s12.Open the dr，_________? A.will yu B.wn't yu C.dn't yu D.d yu13.Sheep live n grass，_________? A.desn't it B.dn't they C.des it D.d they14.He fund_________interesting t learn English. A.it B.this C.that infrmatin n the Internet. A.nt search B.search C.dn't search D.d search
16.—Yu usually play ftball after schl,dn't yu? —_________.But tday I want t read English. A.Yes，I d B.N,I dn't C.N,I dn't D.N，I d17._________gd weather it is tday! A.Hw B.Hw a C.What D.What a18.—He hasn't finished the wrk yet,has he? —_________.He finished it yesterday. A.Yes,he has B.N,he hasn't C.Yes,he hasn't D.N,he has19.I didn't finish my hmewrk yesterday.He didn't finish his hmewrk,_________. A.t B.als C.either D.well20.—Let's talk abut the picture,_________? A.will yu B.wn't yu C.shall we D.shan't we
21.—It's a beautiful day. —_________. A.s is it B.s it is C.s des it D.s it des22.There is ging t _________a sprts meeting next week. A.have B.has C.hld the news is ! A.What B.What an C.Hw D.Hw an24.The weather in Beijing is wrse than ______ in Nanjing. A.that B.thse C.it is my mther's hbby. A.Watch B.Watching C.Seeing D.See