人教版初中英语语法系列---非谓语动词课件

这是一份人教版初中英语语法系列---非谓语动词课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了非谓语动词，with，about，动词不定式， 动 名 词，动名词的特点，① 抽象② 习惯性，Participle等内容，欢迎下载使用。

谓语动词
还记得,动词第一讲时：我们将动词按形式,划分为两类
谓语动词就是能在句子中作谓语的动词（独立做谓语，或者构成复合谓语皆可）
谓语动词就是不能在句子中作谓语的动词
动词不定式
非谓语动词的特点：1. 由动词构成2. 在句子中不做谓语 废 话
基本形式：t+动词原形（有时可以不带t ） 。●动词不定式没有人称和数的变化●在句子中不能作谓语●但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。
基本形式：t+动词原形各种形式: 主动 被动一般式 ___________ ______________进行式 ___________ ______________完成式 ____________ ______________完成进行式 ___________ ______________
t have been ding
t have been dne
(过去已开始,还在进行)
一：作主语T learn English well is nt easy.但是，为了避免头重脚轻，常用“ it ”作形式主语，吧真正的主语（动词不定式短语）放到后面。It is nt easy t learn English well.
It is + adj.+ f sb.+ t d sth. 与 f 连用的形容词常常用来形容“人”： gd, kind , nice , wise ,clever , flish , right , wrng , careful , careless , plite , pssible It’s very kind f yu t help me. 你能帮我，真好。 It’s clever f yu t wrk ut the maths prblem. 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 It is + adj.+ fr sb.+ t d sth. 与 fr 连用的形容词常常用来形容“物”：difficult，easy，hard，imprtant，dangerus，（im）pssible等。 It’s very dangerus fr children t crss the busy street. 对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。 It’s difficult fr us t finish the wrk. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。
二：作表语动词不定式（短语）常用于系动词be的后面作表语。His wrk is t drive a car. My jb is t feed animals.
三：作宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面作宾语。这些动词很关键！在一些动词的后面，只允许接不定式作宾语：
后面只能接不定式作宾语的动词有：
三个希望两答应 hpe，wish，want，agree，prmise 两个要求莫拒绝 ask，demand，refuse 设法学会做决定 manage，learn，decide 不要假装在选择 pretend，chse 提供帮助的计划 ffer，help，plan 预期失败要发生 expect，fail，happen 看似都接不定式 seem
四：不定式作宾语补足语1）不可省略t的：2）可省略t的：3）可以省可以不省的：
（1）动词后的宾补，不可以省略不定式符号t的：tell / ask / want / wuld like / wish / like / invite / encurage / teach + sb. t d sth.I want yu t g nw.His parents wish her t be a teacher.
（2） 动词后的宾补，需要省略不定式符号t的动词：一感 feel 二听 hear，listen t 三使 make，let，have The by made the baby cry.四看 ntice，bserve，see，watch I saw him play ftball n the playgrund yesterday.# 注意：变为被动语态时，不定式短语从宾语补足语变为主语补足语，t还要重现到动词原形前。例：The by made the baby cry. (主动语态省略t)The baby was made t cry by the by. (被动语态：宾补变主补，t 要加回来)
特殊短语： wuld rather + dhad better + d （ 3 ） .作宾补时，省略不定式符号t或不省略均可的动词：help sb. t d sth. & help sb. d sth. 例：I ften help my mther (t) d husewrk.
the fd t live ______the bus t cme here ____the pen t write _____the rm t live ____the knife t cut _____the persn t write ____
不定式作定语的基本条件
不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上必须具备以下条件之一：
1. 主谓关系2. 动（介）宾关系3. 说明所修饰词的内容
He has a lt f wrk t d.
He is the right persn t d it.
It’s the best way t learn English.
表原因（原因状语）：I’m srry t truble yu.2.表目的（目的状语）：I went t the library t learn English.
表示将来： I have a lt f wrk t d. 2.表示某一次具体的动作：I like dancing, but I dn’t like t dance tday. 3. 表示目的：T learn English well, yu must practise mre.
先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。 1．T learn a freign language is difficult . 2． His wish is t be a driver . 3．Tm wanted t have a cup f beer . 4．The teacher tld us t d mrning exercises . 5．I have nthing t say . 6．They went t see their aunt . 7．It’s easy t see their aunt. 8．I dn’t knw what t d next . 9．I heard them make a nise .
1． “t” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的t 都是介词。 agree t，bject t，clse t , cme t , lead t , refer t ,equal t , familiar t , pint t , thank t , devte t , next t , belng t , be(get) used t 习惯于, lk frward t 渴望, pay attentin t 注意, get dwn t 开始认真(做某事),devte neself t 献身于2． 带t 还是不带t I have n chice but t give in. I cannt d anything but give in. I saw him enter the classrm . （ 但是： He was seen t enter the classrm .）
3、不定式的否定形式：nt t d sth. 　例如：Tell him ___ the windw.　 A. t shut nt　 B. nt t shut　 C. t nt shut 　 D. nt shut　 答案：B. tell sb t d sth 的否定形式为tell sb nt t d sth. 4、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问代词wh, what, which和疑问副词 when, where, hw , why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：(1) He desn’t knw hw t use the machine.   (不定式作宾语)(2) Hw t use the machine is a questin. (不定式作主语)(3) The questin is when t g there. (不定式作表语)
5、不定式的特殊句型：1）t…t…：太…而不能…He is t excited t speak.2）enugh t d：足以做 …The child is ld enugh t g t schl.3） " Why nt +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" Why nt take a hliday?4）s as (nt) t d: 表示目的G in quietly s as nt t wake the baby.
动名词动词的-ing形式用作动名词：● 由动词原形加-ing构成● 它在句中起名词的作用● 可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
His hbby is painting.
I’m prud f being a Chinese.
Learning English is very difficult . 学英语非常困难。 His jb is driving a bus . 他的工作是开车。 I enjy dancing . 我喜欢跳舞。 I have gt used t living in the cuntry . 我已经习惯了住农村。 Take sme sleeping tablets , and yu will sn fall asleep . 吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。
1）动名词作主语 Walking is gd exercise. 走路是很好的运动。2）动名词作表语 My favrite sprt is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
动名词的句法功能（4点）
3） 动名词作宾语 Jim dislikes eating chclate. 吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。 She can’t help crying at a sad mvie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。[说明] 有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：admit, finish, frgive, give up, mind, practise, be gd at, d well in, can't help, keep n, feel like, be used t, lk frward t, prefer t,等。
有些动词只能接动名词作宾语,（动宾）如: appreciate, avid, cnsider (考虑), enjy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, suggest (建议)……还有些短语动词以一介词结尾,也只能接动名词作宾语(尤其是介词t易出错):（介宾）如:depend n…, insist n…, feel like…, be used t (习惯于)…, lk frward t…, devte t…, pay attentin t...
有些动词只能接动名词作宾语 ( 31个)：放弃享受可原谅 give up，enjy，excuse/ pardn / frgive保持练习必完成 keep，practice，finish鼓励建议要考虑 encurage，advise/ suggest，cnsider承认想象的感觉 admit，imagine，feel错过后悔要介意 miss，regret，mind不由自主去承受 can’t help，stand理解冒险可避免 understand，risk，avid开始着手要注意 get dwn t，pay attentin t逃跑还要习惯于 escape，be (get) used t还有：be gd at 擅长 d well in 在……某方面干得好 keep n 继续做某事 feel like 想做(某事)lk frward t 盼望，期待，预期
4） 动名词作定语She is in the reading rm. (阅览室)We shuld imprve ur teaching methds. (教学方法)
1．It’s n use talking with him ：It’s n gd speaking t them like that .2．There’s sme difficulty ( in ) ding … 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: truble , prblem , fun , pleasure , a gd time , a hard time
1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义相同的，begin t d begin ding start t d start dingcntinue t d cntinue ding
2．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别， frget t d … 忘记要做某事 frget ding… 忘记做了某事 remember t d…记住要做某事 remember ding …记着做了某事 mean t d … 有意要做某事 mean ding … 意味着做了某事 regret t d … 对要做的事表示后悔 regret ding … 对做过去的事后悔 can’t help t d…不能帮助做某事 can’t help ding … 情不自禁做某事
try t d … 尽力去做某事 try ding 试着做某事 learn t d … 学着去做某事 learn ding … 学会做某事 stp t d … 停下来去做（另一件事） stp ding … 停止做某事 g n t d … 接着做（另外一件事） g n ding … 继续做某事 used t d … 过去做某事 be （get）used t ding … 习惯做某事
3． 动名词的逻辑主语： 动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。 例如：His cming made us very happy . 4． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况： need ding , want ding , require ding 例如： This rm needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。
还记得吗？实义动词 Need：1. need t d sth. 需要做某事 I need t d my hmewrk. 我需要做我的作业。2. need ding sth. 需要（被）做某事 The flwer needs watering. 花需要（被）浇水。
1 The stry is interesting . I’m interested in it . 这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。 2 . This is a mving film . 这是一部动人的电影。 3. The secretary wrked late int the night , preparing a lng speech fr the president . 秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。 4. Given mre time , I’ll d it well . 如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。 When he passed the back f the street , he saw the thief stealing sme mney frm the bank . 当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。
分词● 由动词原形加-ing构成现在分词● 动词过去分词● 可以在句子中用作定语、状语、表语、和宾语补足语。
1）分词作定语The swimming by is Tm. (主动)Lk at the brken glass. (被动)2）分词作状语3）分词作表语The film is disappinting. (特征，性质)The by was t frightened t mve. (状态)
分词的句法功能（4点）
4）分词作补语（主补，宾补）D nt keep us waiting fr alng time. (主动关系)He’ll have his hair cut afterschl. (被动关系)
过去分词的时态和语态过去分词无人称和数的变化,也没有时态和语态的变化。(dne)
被动、完成、感到……的
主动、进行、令人……的
现在分词与过去分词区别
The swimming by is Tm. (主动、进行）the rm facing suth（主动）The film is disappinting.（令人……的)
I have a radi made in China. （被动）
Lk at the brken glass. （被动、完成）
The excited peple shuted and cheered. （感到……的）
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别 D yu knw the wman talking t Tm ? = D yu knw the wman wh is talking t Tm ? The sldier wunded in the war has becme a dctr. = The sldier wh was wunded in the war has becme a dctr. China is a develping cuntry and America is a develped cuntry.
3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别 The situatin in ur cuntry is encuraging . (表语) The situatin in ur cuntry is encuraging the peple . ( 现在进行时) My jb is lking after the little baby . (动名词) 能回答hw-questin 的是现在分词，能回答what-questin 的动名词，即不能回答hw-questin 也不能回答what-questin 的是现在进行时。 例如： Hw is the situatin in ur cuntry ? It is encuraging . What is yur jb ? My jb is lking after the little baby .
现在分词的时态和语态：
Having been t the Great Wall many times, he didn’t g there yesterday.
Nt having received his father’s letter, he decided t make a call t him.
因为没收到他父亲的来信，他决定给他打个电话。
The building being built is ur new library.
Nt having been finished,the bk can’t be returnedat present.
注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having dne。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
1、考查非谓语动词用作主语不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能担任句子中的主语。 【考例】It's very nice pictures fr me. f yu t draw B. fr yu t draw C. fr yu drawing D. f yu drawing
1、考查非谓语动词用作主语【考例】It‘s very nice pictures fr me. A. f yu t draw B. fr yu t draw C. fr yu drawing D. f yu drawing[答案]：A。[解析]考查It's+形容词+f/fr sb. +t d sth.句中it为形式主语，t d是真正的主语，当形容词是表示品质意思时，应该用f sb．，其他形容词用fr sb．，故此题答案为A。
2、考查非谓语动词用作宾语【考例】一It's a bit cld Wuld yu mind my _____all the windws?一D as yu like，please．A．clse B will clse C．clsing D．t clse
2、考查非谓语动词用作宾语【考例】一It's a bit cld Wuld yu mind my ______all the windws?一D as yu like，please．[07淄博市]A．clse B will clse C．clsing D．t clse [答案]C [解析]动词mind意为“介意”，后跟动词时，应使用ing形式。
3、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 。 The menu has s many gd things! I can’t decide__________.what t eathw t eatwhere t eatwhen t eat
3、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 。 The menu has s many gd things! I can’t decide__________.what t eathw t eatwhere t eatwhen t eat[答案]：A 。[解析] 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不能决定吃什么。”故选A。
3、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 。 ---My dad bught me a new MP4, but I dn’t knw ______________.---Let’s read the instructins.[河南课改试验区] what t usewhich ne t use hw t use itwhen t use it
3、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 。 ---My dad bught me a new MP4, but I dn’t knw ______________.---Let’s read the instructins.[河南课改试验区] what t usewhich ne t use hw t use itwhen t use it[答案]：C。 [解析] 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不知道如何使用。”故选C。
4、考查具体词的用法China will spend abut 52 billin yuan ____new airprts and __ld nes in the west f China in the 11th Five-Year Plan perid(时期)．[07临沂市] A．repairing; building B t build；repair C．building；repairing D．t repair；build
5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。 【考例】Alice asked me______anther bag fr her. [北京市课标卷]A. get B. gt C. t get D. getting
5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。 【考例】Alice asked me______anther bag fr her. [北京市课标卷]A. get B. gt C. t get D. getting[答案]：C。[解析] ask sb．t d sth．表示让某人做某事，此句话的意思为:“爱丽丝叫我给她再带一个包。”
5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语Our parents ften tell us nt alne in the river in summer. [长沙]swim B. t swim C. Swimming D. swam
5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语Our parents ften tell us nt alne in the river in summer. [长沙]swim B. t swim C. Swimming D. swam[答案]：B。[解析]考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。tell sb．t d sth．表示告诉某人做某事，tell后边要加不定式，否定形式是在t前面加nt，根据题意，应选B。
5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语Betty is ften seen _______the ld man with his husewrk. [咸宁]helpB. t helpC. helpedD. helps---Hw d yu feel when yu see the natinal flag f China?---It makes us ________prud. [包头]feel B. t feelC. felt D. feeling
5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语Betty is ften seen _______the ld man with his husewrk.[咸宁]helpB. t helpC. helpedD. helps[答案]：B。[解析]考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, ntice, hear, listen t，lk at，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带t。当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补语的不定式必须加t。故选B。
5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语---Hw d yu feel when yu see the natinal flag f China?---It makes us ________prud.[包头]feel B. t feelC. felt D. feeling[答案]：A。[解析] 考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, ntice, hear, listen t，lk at，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带t。故选A。
6、考查非谓语动词用作定语【考例】—Shpping with me?—Srry. I have a lt f clthes . （南昌） A．t washB．washedC．washD．t be washed
6、考查非谓语动词用作定语【考例】—Shpping with me?—Srry. I have a lt f clthes . （南昌） A．t washB．washedC．washD．t be washed[答案]: A[命题立意]：本题考查动词不定式作定语的用法。[试题解析]：作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时，就用主动式的不定式来表被动意义。故选A。
7、考查非谓语动词用作状语 【考例】--Linda, I am very thirsty. --Let's g t the nearest supermarket sme drinks, OK? [重庆]buy B. bught C. t buy D. buyingIn rder ________the wrd a friendly place, ne must shw a friendly face.[乐山]makes B. makingC. t make D. make
7、考查非谓语动词用作状语 【考例】--Linda, I am very thirsty. --Let's g t the nearest supermarket sme drinks, OK? [重庆]buy B. bught C. t buy D. buying[答案]：C。[解析]考查不定式作目的状语的用法。句意为：“咱们去最近的超级市场买些饮料。”In rder ________the wrd a friendly place, ne must shw a friendly face.[乐山]makes B. makingC. t makeD. make[答案]：C。[解析]考查动词不定式作目的状语的特殊结构。in rder t d sth.表示“为了……”的意思，不定式作目的状语。故选C。
7、考查非谓语动词用作状语 一There ges the bell．一It's time fr class. Let's stp_________.[福州市]A． talk B t talk C．talking D．nt talk
7、考查非谓语动词用作状语 一There ges the bell．一It's time fr class. Let's stp_________.[福州市]A． talk B t talk C．talking D．nt talk[答案]C[解析] 动词stp后既可接动词不定式作宾语，即：stp t d sth，也可以接动词的一ing形式作定语，即：stp ding sth。前者表示停下来(开始)做后面的动作，后者表示停止当前的动作。由语境“铃响了，到了上课时间，应停止交谈”可知，应选C项。
1. We'd better ________ff ur mbile phnes. The meeting will start in a minute. (2007) A. t turn B. turning C. turn D. turned 2. It's time fr sprts. Let's ________ bwling, shall we? (2006)A. g B. t g C. ging D. ges 3. Tm likes cars. He enjys ________mdel cars f all kinds. (2005)A. cllects B. cllecting C. t cllect D. cllected 4. The heavy snwstrm made the muntain climbers________ halfway. (2005)A. stp B. t stp C. stpping D. stpped 5. Internet bars mustn't let peple under 18 in r let anybdy ________bad things. (2004)A. watch B. t watch C. watching D. watches
6. "Mr Zhu, yu'd better ________t much meat. Yu are already ver weight," said die dctr.A. nt t eat B. t eat C. nt eat D. eat (2003)7. "Dn't always make Michael ________this r that. He is already a big by, dear," Mr Bush said t his wife. （2003）A. d B. t d C. des D. did 8. If the launch（发射) in 2005 is successful, China will be the third cuntry ________its astrnauts int space after Russia and the US. (2002)A. send B. sends C. sending D. t send 9. Yesterday mrning I gt up early________ be late fr the exam. (2002)A. in rder t B. in rder t nt C. s as nt t D. s as t 10. The greedy inn-keeper nce made the pr her ________twice a day. (2001)A. dance B. dances C. danced D. t dance