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    人教版初中英语语法教与学的策略与方法课件

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    这是一份人教版初中英语语法教与学的策略与方法课件,共60页。PPT课件主要包含了思考1 ,思考2 ,对学生的理解,对教育的理解,抓学习能力,学习英语要大声朗读,关于朗读,抓资源,抓复习和考试,英语考什么等内容,欢迎下载使用。
    做 一名智慧型英语教师
    为什么同样一个班的学生,有的教师能和他们融洽相处,班级成绩很理想?而有的教师就不能和他们和睦相处,班级成绩却很差?
    为什么有的教师教书一直很勤奋努力,可教学成绩就是不理想?而有的教师教的很轻松,学生成绩却很理想呢?
    特级教师吴非有句“惊世骇俗”的名言:“一所学校最可怕之处在于,一群愚蠢的老师在勤奋地工作”。
    一、方向不正二、方法不活 三、效果不好。
    英语教师应抓 好的五个方面
    The mst difficult part f learning English is ________. A. vcabulary B. grammar C. speaking D. writing E. reading F. listening G. ________
    The mst difficult part f learning English is that ne culdn‘t develp the interest f English, yu’ll find it’s bring if yu culdn’t enjy the fun f learning it, yu will waste a great many effrts withut any prgress.
    1. Why d many teachers teach s hard?2. Why d many students learn s painfully?3. Why is many students' learning effect nt ideal?
    一、抓学习动力1、师生关系2、精心设计3、搭建平台4、培养自信
    Interest is the best teacher.兴趣是最好的老师。
     N interest, there is n success. 没有兴趣,就不存在成功。 N interest, there is n educatin. 没有兴趣,就没有教育。
    Where there is n interest, there is n memry. 哪里没有兴趣,哪里就没有记忆。
    Where are yu interested in, that is, where yu can.你兴趣所在的地方,也就是你能力所在的地方。
    We seldm use varius activities t aruse the students’ interest, t mtivate them, t make teaching and learning effective, t make English learning easy and fun.
    The first thing a teacher shuld d is t make students like him/her.
    Kids dn’t learn frm the peple they dn’t like.When peple like each ther, they wn’t d things that hurt the therpersn.
    Vary what yu d and hw yu d it.Useful and fun is better than either alne.
    学生是人学生是成长之中的人学生是成长之中需要我们帮助的人学生是具有巨大潜力可以塑造的人学生是帮助教师提高教学能力与教学水平的人学生是必定超过教师并推进社会发展的人
    雅思贝尔斯(德国):真正的教育是用一棵树去摇 动另一棵树,用一朵云去推动另一朵云,用一个灵魂去唤醒另一个灵魂。
    马克思:教育绝非单纯的文化传递,教育之为教育,正是在于它是一种人格心灵的唤醒。
    斯普朗格(德国):教育的最终目的不是传授已有的东西,而是要把人的创造力量诱导出来,将生命感、价值感唤醒。
    教给学生知识的老师,是平庸的老师;教给学生能力的老师,是优秀的老师;教给学生梦想的老师,才是最伟大的老师。
    教学是一种双边活动,既包括教师的教,又包括学生的学,是教与学相互作用的一种活动。因此研究教学不但要研究教而且要研究学。甚至要先研究学,然后再研究教。 教师进入课堂的第一要务不是传授知识,而是思考如何打好“鸡血”,点燃学生求知的欲望,让学生能兴趣盎然地参与到学习的过程中来。
    The Evil Eye Watching Students Waiting t punish The caring Eye Waiting t Reward
    作为教师,最幸福的事情是把学生的“错误”作为一种特有资源,每个学生所犯“错误”的背后都有一个值得去探究的“故事”,通过对这些“故事”的探究,通过和学生近距离的接触,和他们去交朋友,提高他们对学习英语的自信,同时也不断地提升自己的思想境界。
    Cnfidence in yurself is the first step n the rad t success.自信是走向成功的第一步。
    Cnfidence is the crnerstne f success. N cnfidence, will accmplish nthing.信心是成才的基石。没有信心的人,将一事无成。
    Why d many students fail t achieve? Because their teachers tell them in wrds, lks, r deeds that they can nt achieve. S they have n cnfidence in themselves.
    Where des the students’cnfidence cme frm?
    EncuragementDesign mre classrm activitiesGive them mre chances t shw their talentsExperience the jy f success
    Educatin is nt the filling f a pail, but the lighting f a fire.教育不是注满一桶水, 而是点燃一把火。
    1. 记忆方法2. 学习方法3. 教的方法
    爱因斯坦有个著名的成功公式:        W=X+Y+Z         式中W代表成功。等式右边X代表勤奋,Z代表珍惜时间,Y代表正确的方法。对于师生来说,勤奋和珍惜时间都不是问题,而正确、高效的方法却不是每个人都能掌握的。
    The mst valuable knwledge is knwledge f the methd.最有价值的知识是关于方法的知识 。
    Methd is mre imprtant than knwledge.方法比知识更重要。
    Students need t learn hw t learn.
    英文中有一句谚语说“Yu can lead a hrse t the river, but yu can’t make it drink。”在我国也有“师傅领进门,修行在个人 ”的谚语,其中的教师的一个最关键的任务就是“lead-领”,我们必须在“领”字上下功夫。
    教师的责任不在于教书,不在于教学生,而是教会学生学习。教法要根据学法而定,即教学合一。施教之功,贵在诱导,进学之功,贵在心悟。善思则得,善诱则通;诱思交融,百炼成钢。
    如何理解 “举一反三”和“触类旁通”?
    课堂上,教师一定要学会“偷懒”。教师“懒”一点,学生才会“勤”一点。一名“懒”教师会培养一班“勤”学生,相反,一名“勤”教师,就会培养一班“懒”学生。
    N ne knws what he can d until he tries.
    When teachers d t much fr the children, the children will nt d much fr themselves.
    If yu want t be a gd teacher, yu shuld remember three ups: stand up, cheer up and shut up.
    Knwledge is a treasure, but practice is the key t it.知识是宝藏,但打开宝藏的钥匙是实践。
    Learning is mre imprtant than teaching.Teach the students, nt the bk.Invlve students in the learning prcess.
    Dn’t tell students what they can tell yu.Students need practice, nt yu. Teach less and make students practice mre.
    The way t learn a language is t practice speaking it as ften as pssible. (学习一门语言的方法就是要尽量多地练习说。)
    三、抓习惯: 1、开口 2 、朗读 3、背诵 4、阅读 5、听写 6、复习
    发音永远是第一位的(Prnunciatin is always the first.)发音是英语大厦的基石,要不惜一切代价,掌握好读音规则。
    录音是最好的老师(Recrding is the best teacher.)最好的老师不是人,而是录音。反复听录音,并跟着录音疯狂模仿,刻苦操练,这是最有效的语言学习方法。
    英语是永远学不出来的(English can never be learned.)每天做大量的选择题,是学不会英语的。要用“嘴巴”学习英语,英语是嘴巴练出来的。
    形成感知能力有利于记忆材料提高写作能力让脑神经兴奋有利于改变自卑6. 能改变你的性格
    1. 七年级开学阶段,告诉班级中的每一位学生,要想学好英语,首先就要开口大声表达。2. 七年级开学阶段,培养班级中每一位学生大声朗读英语的习惯。3. 充分利用教材单词表、听力材料或课本短文,布置与检查朗读作业。4. 不要布置重复性的低效甚至无效的英语抄写作业。
    5.对于能大声朗读的学生,即使少量读错,也给予大肆表扬。6. 对于从来不愿开口的内向学生,只要开口,就是莫大的进步。7. 每一个早自习,陪学生一起大声朗读英语,既可以熟悉教材,又能提高心肺功能,防止思维衰老。
    8. 告诉家长:学生在家大声朗读英语,是最好的英语学习方式。9. 如果学生能够大声朗读英语,就不必强求学生背诵,这样可以延长学生英语学习的兴趣。
    教学质量的实现很大程度上依赖于资源,因为要学习和工作的是学生而不是教师。
    教材不是唯一的课程资源 ,树立教材是教与学凭借和研究的素材的观念。教师不是以执行教材为目的,而是以开发教材、拓展教材为宗旨;学生不是以学会教材为目的,而是以学会学习,学会创新为目的。
    一堂课的成功与否,在很大程度上取决于这堂课的学习资源是否优质、充足。
    学语文和英语与“熏锅屋”类似。它们都是个慢工,是个长期训练、积累的过程。仅仅靠课本那点“烟火”熏,是远远不够的,要靠大量的课外读物去熏。
    1.考什么?2.怎么考 3.考完怎么办?
    1. Examinatins are imprtant.2. Preparatin is mre imprtant than examinatin.3. Make sure mst f the students can d well in the examinatin befre examinatin.
    We encurage yu t give exams, but we encurage yu even mre t help get yur students ready fr exams.
    “success cycle”
    If a student experience a little success, he will find ut it feels gd. And this feeling will encurage him t wrk just a little harder t have mre success---just because they like the idea f feeling gd.
    1. 听力、朗读、背诵、表演2. 笔试
    What will yu d after examinatin? The purpse f examinatins: 1. T knw hw yur students are ding. 2. T knw hw yu are ding.
    1. 要树立正确的教与学的思想2. 要掌握有效的教与学的方法3. 要追求高质量的课堂教学
    初中英语语法 教与学的策略与方法
    一、对语法教学的认识与定位二、语法教与学存在的主要问题三、语法教学的策略与方法四、关于“初中英语语法模块学习的实 验”介绍
    一、对语法教学的认 识与 定位
    一种机械地可分析的规则(A rule can be analyzed mechanically)一种表述意义的方式(ways f saying sth)一种功能与意念的表达方式(ways f expressing ntins and ideas)三维语法观:形式、意义与使用 (frm, meaning, use)
    Frm, Meaning, Use
    Frm是指语法结构Meaning是指语法所要传达的意思和意图Use是指在恰当的情境下正确地使用该语法。为了实现自如表达,教师应把教学重点放在Meaning和Use上,而非过度强调Frm。但目前Frm却成为了教学的重中之重,Meaning 和Use在课堂中未能得到体现。
    基于“语言是在使用过程中提高的,孩子们不必学语法”的理论,20世纪60年代中期,英国的语言学家和教育家曾编写并推广一本英语教材Language use。经多年实践,发现英国学童的语言水平下降了。
    在1987年兰卡斯特召开了对语法教学的作用重新评价的学术研讨会。诸位名家公认:语法教学是必要的。
    美国语言学家弗里曼(D. Freemen)提出:语法技能是用来指称“ 准确、有意义而且得体地使用语法结构的能力。它是和听、说、读、写同样重要的第五技能。
    《英语课程标准》明确提出:“此次英语课程改革的重点就是要改革英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授,忽视对学生实际语法运用能力的培养的倾向……”
    “改革过分重视语法的讲解与传授”只是要求改革以前传授语法教学中某些教学方法和倾向,而并不是要求放弃语法教学。语法教学应定位在“优化而不是淡化,重视而不死抠。”
    淡化语法的教学不可取语法在英语教学中的位置 ---不应当是语言教学的中心 ---但是一个重要的组成部分
    二、语法教学的主要问题
    语法教学存在的主要问题
    1.教师层面上说,教师重知识传授,轻技能训练;重详细讲解,轻反复练习;重书面练习,轻口头练习;重语法分析,轻语法使用;重掌握规则,轻掌握实例。
    2.从学生层面上说,学生在学习过程中被动接受多,主动探究少;机械训练多,生活情景少;枯燥乏味多,快乐趣味少。
    3.从课堂层面上说,课堂没有成为师生互动、心灵对话的舞台,不见鲜活的生命在律动、在交融、在成长,不见灵活的智慧在闪现、在流动、在焕发异彩。
    4.从生成层面上说,课堂气氛沉闷,学习方法单一,学生灵活运用能力无望提高,课堂教学低效甚至无效。
    三、语法教与学 的主要策略与方法
    (一)语法教学 应遵循的策略
    课标 五级语言知识目标(语法)
    1. 理解附录“语法项目表”中所列语法项目并能在特定语境中使用;2. 了解常用语言形式的基本结构和常用表意功能;3. 在实际运用中体会和领悟语言形式的表意功能;4. 理解并运用恰当的语言形式描述人和物;描述具体事件和具体行为的发生、发展过程;描述时间、地点及方位;比较人、物体及事物等。
    《课程标准(2011年版)》强调“在特定语境中使用”和 “表意功能”,提出“体会”、 “领悟”、“理解”、“使用”、“描述”、“比较”等用英语做事情的目标要求。这是对初中语法教学原则性要求。
    一、语法教学要讲求效率 新西兰英语教法专家Sctt Thrnbury认为讲效率的语法教学一般包括三点: 1. Ecnmy: Des it save time and energy? 2. Ease: Is it easy t d? 3. Efficacy: Des it has gd effect?
    二、语法教学要结合词汇进行 语法和词汇都是重要的语言资源,语法和词汇是你中有我,我中有你的关系。 在语法教学中,要将二者结合起来进行,以提高学习的效果和效率。
    三、语法教学要循序渐进 初中阶段主要是学习基本和常用的语法,语法教学的深度和广度都要控制。教师要警惕进入随意拓展语法学习的范围和深度的误区。
    在语法项目表中,某些项目带有说明或限定。 比如:非谓语动词后面的限定是:“动词不定式做宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语”; 定语从句后面的说明是:能辨认出带有由that, which, wh引导的限定性定语从句,并能理解句子的意思。这些限定和说明是该项目教学的范围和把握尺度。
    时态:掌握六种时态:现在进行时态;一般现在时态;一般过去时态;一般将来时态;过去进行时态;现在完成时态。(没有过去完成时态和过去将来时态)被动语态:掌握三种:一般现在时;一般过去时;一般将来时态。
    四、语法的学习和考察要结合语境 语言只有在一定的情境中运用才能正确理解,真正掌握。要设计趣味性强、贴近学生生活、适合目标语法的语境, 让学生在语境中探索语法规律, 运用语法规则, 内化语法知识。
    五、实践性原则 语法教学应精讲多练,讲练结合。让学生自己在大量的语言实践活动中逐步发现、认识和归纳语法规则。
    正如本杰明·弗兰克林所说“tell me and I frget, teach me and I remember, invlve me and I learn.
    六、语法教学要有趣味性
    通过游戏学语法通过歌曲学语法通过名人名人、谚语、格言、诗歌学语法通过口诀、顺口溜学语法通过表演、故事、阅读学语法
    English grammar must be really understd – and understanding is mst easily achieved when students are engaged, interested and having fun during a lessn.
    (二)语法教学课堂教学模式探究
    传统的语法教学: 以知识的系统为主,从知识的系统性出发教语法。 教学程序:精讲多练(先讲语法再练习)
    建构主义教学思想和教学方法
    建构主义兴起于二十世纪八十年代,它是基于杜威的经验性学习理论、维果茨基的文化历史论、布鲁纳的发现学习以及认知心里学中的图示理论发展起来的心的理论体系。建构主义思想的核心是知识是在主客体相互作用的活动之中建构起来的。
    在学习观上,建构主义强调知识不是由教师原样不变地传输给学生,而是由学生通过主动建构而获得的。建构主义学习观首先强调了学习的主动建构性、社会互动性和情境性。
    对于学习的主动建构性,建构主义学习观强调学习者是学习活动的主人,认为知识是不能传递的,教师传递的只是信息,知识必须通过学生的主动建构才能获得。建构主义注重知识的情境性,认为知识存在于具体的、情境性的、可感知的活动中,只有通过实际情境中的应用活动才能真正被人所理解。
    Grammar must be learned thrugh language, and nt language thrugh grammar. 必须从语言中学习语法, 而不是从语法中学习语言。 德国哲学家 赫尔德. J. G.
    弗伦奇(French, F. G.),语法必须和听说、阅读紧密结合。Grammar must g hand-in-hand with talking and reading.Grammar cmes frm practice and shuld guide practice.
    为用而学 在用中学 学了就用
    实践---认识---实践当孩子们在帮助下自己去发现那些基本规则时,他们学得最好。
    Expse yur students t the prper use f English grammar. Children will develp many grammar rules n their wn thrugh expsure t the language.
    1.有序呈现语言材料。2.设问启迪,引导学生主动探究。3.梳理探究结果,呈现语法体系。4.配套练习,在实践中巩固强化。
    教师在解释或呈现语言形式时,要尽量使用真实、地道的语言素材。教师组织的语言练习活动要尽量贴近学生的实际。
    We learn English.English is learnt by bus.I read bks.Bks are read by me.
    We clean classrms every day.Classrms are cleaned every day.Peple speak English widely in the wrld.English is widely spken in the wrld.
    Let’s make ur classrm rules!
    1. Hmewrk must be handed befre class.2. Cell phnes mustn’t be used in class.3. Classrms must be cleaned every day.4. Drs must be lcked during break.5. Lights must be turned ff after schl.6. The blackbard must be cleaned befre class.7. Fd mustn’t be eaten in the classrm.
    不同的学习目的使用不同的方法
    一般来讲:若强调听说的语法教学,常用归纳法;若强调读写,常用演绎法。在进行简单语法教学时,常用归纳法;在进行较难的语法教学时,常用演绎法。
    (三)语法教与学 的主要方法与实例
    通过 “顺口溜”和 “口诀”学语法
    英语名词单数变复数口诀
    (一)  规则变化  名词单数变复数,直接加 -s 占多数;  s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾,直接加上 -es;  词尾是 f 或 fe,加 -s 之前先变 ve;  辅母 + y 在词尾,把 y 变 i 再加 -es;  词尾字母若是 ,记住三个就足够,  要加 -es 请记好,her, tmat, ptat。
      以—f(e)结尾的名词变复数: 1.  小偷之妻生活难,(thief, wife,life)      自己扫叶来做饭。 (self, leaf)   忽见一狼躲架后, (wlf, shelf)       取刀把它劈两半。(knife ,half)
    2. 树叶(leaf)半数(half)自(self)已黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wlf),就像强盗(thief)逃命(life)忙。3. 妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wlf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌,躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。
    关于以 结尾的单词变复数加es的情况:Negr  her  tmat  ptat黑人英雄吃土豆和西红柿。
    (二)  不规则变化   男人女人 a 变 e, 鹅足牙 变 ee;   老鼠us 变 ic;  鱼鹿绵羊不变地。 child变children勿忘记。
    表示“某国人”的名词复数形式
    中日不变英法变,其余 -s 加后面。 Chinese → Chinese Japanese → Japanese Englishman → Englishmen, Englishwman → Englishwmen Frenchman → Frenchmen Frenchwman → Frenchwmen; American → Americans, Russian → Russians, Arab → Arabs, German → Germans 等。
    一、二、三特殊记, 词尾各是t, d, d, th四加起,八减 t,九减 e,y结尾改ie, five, twelve两兄弟,要以f代ve。 若要表示几十几, 只变个位就可以。
    特指、重提和唯一,岛屿,海峡和海湾;海洋,党派最高级,沙漠,河流与群山;方位、顺序和乐器,年代,团体与机关;船名,建筑和组织,会议,条约与报刊;姓氏复数,国全名,请你记住用定冠。
    特指、重提和唯一, 姓氏复数、最高级, 方位、顺序和乐器, 前加定冠词要牢记。
    1. The girl in red has just cme back frm Japan.2. Mr. Li will give us a talk. The talk will begin at 8.3. The sun gives us heat and light.4. The Pacific Ocean is the largest f all. 5. The Cmmunist Party f China was funded in 1921. 6. Have yu ever been t the Great Wall?
    7. She’s n the Peple’s Daily. 8. Wh was the first t cme? 9. I heard smebdy playing the pian in the next rm. 10. Great Changes have taken place in the 1990’s 11. In 1864, Lincln was elected President f the United States fr the secnd time.12. Li Ming is ne f the best students in ur schl.
    比较等级变化规律口诀
      比较级要变化, 一般词尾加-er。   词尾若有哑音e, 直接加r就可以。   遇到重读闭音节, 辅音字母要双写。   辅音字母后有y, 要用ier来替代。   最高级加-est, 前面加the莫忘记。   形容词多音节, mre, mst前面写。   
    词尾若有哑音e, 直接加r就可以。
    nice, fine, late, wide, wise, cute, large, safe, plite, able (10个)1. nice, fine, wise, cute, plite, able2. large, wide, safe3. late4. (little, less, least)
    遇到重读闭音节, 辅音字母要双写。
    形容词的比较级和最高级,遇到重读闭音节时需要双写词尾后,再加上 “er”或 “est”。初中都有哪些词呢?(9个) ht, wet, big, fat, thin, red, sad, glad, slim
    bigger, fatter, sadder bigger, fatter, htter bigger, fatter, redder bigger, fatter, wetter bigger, fatter, gladder bigger, fatter, thinner bigger, fatter, slimmer
    辅音字母后有y,要用ier来替代。
    1. easy, busy, lazy, early, happy, dirty, pretty, heavy, healthy, dry2. lucky, hungry, angry, sleepy, funny3. sunny, windy, rainy, cludy, snwy
    形容词多音节,mre, mst前面写
    1. excellent, beautiful, interesting, intelligent, ppular, different 2. expensive, cnvenient, delicius, cmfrtable, wnderful, exciting 3. similar, imprtant, necessary, difficult, dangerus,
    多数动词词尾把-s加,   sh, ch, x,, s,结尾“-es”没有差。   词尾若遇辅音后加y 变y为“-ies”是方法。 (sh, ch, x,, s: 蛇吃了一瓶名酒XO就死了。)
    sh, ch, x,, s结尾的动词
    1. wash, wish, push, fish2. teach, watch, catch, tuch, match, fetch3. fix, mix 4. g, d 5. kiss, miss, crss, pass, mess
    fly—flies study—studiescpy—cpies cry—criesdry—dries try—trieshurry—hurries wrry—wrriescarry—carries marry—marries (观察这10个动词的特点: ry结尾的词有7个,其它ly, dy, py)
    1. say 2. pay 3. lay4. play 5. stay 6. buy
    动词词尾为辅音+y的过去时
    fly—flew—flwncry—cries—criedtry—tries—trieddry—dries—driedstudy—studies—studied cpy—cpies—cpiedhurry—hurries—hurriedwrry—wrries—wrriedcarry—carries —carriedmarry—marries—married
    动词词尾元音+y的过去式
    1. say-said-said 2. pay-paid-paid3. lay-laid-laid4. play-played-played5. stay-stayed-stayed6. buy-bught-bught
    动词的过去式A-A-A型(9个)
    read---read---readcut---cut---cutcst---cst---csthit---hit---hithurt---hurt-hurtlet---let---letput---put---putset---set---setshut---shut---shut
    appear 2. becme 3. cme 4.feel 5. get 6. g 7. grw 8. keep 9. lk10. prve 11. remain 12. run13. seem 14. smell1 15. sund16. taste 17. turn
    1. 五个“起来”: lk, feel, smell, sund, taste2. 六个 “变”: cme, g, grw, turn, becme, get3. 其它初中不常见:seem, appear, remain, prve, keep, run
    cme, g, grw, turn, get, becme等。 这些变化的系动词通常另大家头疼不已。 口诀:好是cme, 坏是g.天气外貌,慢慢grw.颜色天气大不同(turn).get/becme 口语化,如果要说就用它。 
    动词加ing要双写的单词
    一个m:swim两个d: nd, rid 三个g和n: dig, beg, hug; run, win, begin四个p: dip, mp, stp, drp十个t: sit, hit, fit, set, let, get, put, pat, frget, regret
    动词+ t d(宾语)
    1. hpe, wish, want, prmise, agree2. ask, demand, refuse3. manage, learn, decide4. pretend, chse三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝设法学会做决定,不要假装做选择
    不定式做宾语补足语(省略t)
    1.feel2. listen t, hear3. let, make, have4. see, watch, ntice, bserve,lk at记忆:一感,二听,三让,五看
    跟动名词作宾语的动词、系表结构
    完成实践值得忙 ( finish, practice, be wrth, be busy) 盼望坚持习惯别放弃(lk frward t, keep n, be used t, give up) 介意不尽喜欢和思念 (mind,can’t help, enjy, miss)    想要考虑建议 ( feel like, cnsider, suggest)
    begin  leave  g  brrw  cme return  jin  die  buy arrive开始离去,借来还,出生入死,买到家。
      看场电影多用see。 读书看报要用read。   电视、戏剧和比赛, 凡是表演用watch。 bserve细观察, 一时注意ntice。
    切记口诀要简易、不要太复杂
    动语态强调“宾”,用 be加上“过去分”。 “be”要随着主语变,人称时态要弄准。 “行为对象”作主语,逻辑主语“by”来引。 原句若是双宾语,一变“主”来一保“宾”。 “间宾”要把主语变,原来“直宾”还是“宾”。 “直宾”要把主语变,“间宾”前加“t”最称心。 唯有原“宾”是“复合”,只有变宾要当心。 原句“宾补”变“主补”,位置不必挪寸分。 情态动词变“被动”,情态加be加过分。 如若“情态”后带t,变后有t才弄准。 “短语动词”变“被动”,相当“及物”莫疑心。 不过其后“介”或“副”,变后还得要承认。
    范例1:通过 “无线电话”让学生掌握动词一般现在时单数第三人称加 S 的变化。 让每一排的第一位同学 A 在纸上写下自己通常在星期天要做的5-10件事情,回头将这十件事告诉身后的同学 B ,该同学不能用笔写,尽量用脑子去记下同学 A 说的内容,再回头告诉身后的同学 C ,如此类推。第一轮用第一人称来表达,第二轮让每一排用第三人称表达。
    T :Take ut a piece f paper,everyne in Rw One. Write five things yu usually d n Sundays. Then give me yur paper and tell the cntents t B in the secnd rw f the same line. A : (Finishing the writing) I usually get up at six. Then I brush my teeth and wash my face. I have breakfast befre 8 ’clck. B : (Repeating what A says)I usually get up at six …
    T : Nw everyne in the last rw takes ut a piece f paper. Then write ten things yu usually d n Saturdays. Then give me the paper and tell the cntents t the persn in frnt f yu. The secnd persn shuld use “ she ” r “ he ” t repeat what the last persn says.
    通过名人名言、谚语、格言、歌曲、诗歌……
    通过名人名言、谚语、格言学语法
    1. An apple a day keeps the dctr away.2. A gd beginning makes a gd ending.3. All gd things cme t an end.4. An eye fr an eye and a tth fr a tth.5. An empty bag cannt stand upright.6. A life withut a friend is a life withut the sun.
    1. Tday is yesterday's pupil.2. Beauty lies in lver's eyes.3. One cannt eat ne's cake and have it. 4.  Children are the parents’ riches.5. One persn’s meat is anther ne’s pisn.6. An enemy's muth seldm speaks well.7. A gd wife’s health is a man's best wealth.
    1. Yur best dctr is yurself.2. Teaching thers teaches yurself.3. Gd will help yu if yu help yurself.4. Be yurself, dn’t change fr anyne.5. Make yurself cmfrtable.6. T help thers means t help yurself.
    7. Yu have t believe in yurself. That's the secret f success.8. Respect yurself, r n ne else will respect yu.9. Cnfidence in yurself is the first step n the rad t success. 10. The mre yu study, the mre yu will find yurself ignrant.
    1. Gd wine sells itself.2. Histry repeats itself.3. Nthing happens by itself.4. Fishing itself is mre imprtant than the fish.5. .A candle lights thers and cnsumes itself.6. Nthing t fear but fear itself. 7. Nthing is impssible; the wrd itself says : “I’m pssible”!
    1. The mre, the better. 2. Actins speak luder than wrds. 3. The lder, the wiser. 4. Tw heads are better than ne. 5. Easier said than dne.6. A gd fame is better than a gd face. 
    7. Bld is thicker than water. 8. Health is better than wealth.9. Easier said than dne. 10. The higher up, the greater the fall.11. It is better t see nce than t hear a hundred.12. It is easier t get mney than t keep it.
    1. East r west,hme is the best.2. Least talk, mst wrk.3. Hpe fr the best, but prepare fr the wrst.4. The sweetest grapes hang the highest.5. He knws mst wh speaks least.6. Water drpping day by day wears the hardest rck away.7. The best hearts are always the bravest.8. The darkest hur is nearest the dawn.9. The greatest talkers are always least ders.
    Gd better best, never let it rest. Till gd is better, and better is the best. Bad wrse wrst, Never fight against,Get better and better, yu'll be the best. 好,更好,最好, 永不放弃。 直到好变成更好, 更好变成最好。 坏,更坏,最坏, 不要对抗, 要变得越来越好, 你才能是最好。
    1.If yu d nt think abut the future, yu can nt have yu d nt wrk hard, yu will be srry when yu grw ld.3. If yu dn’t learn t think when yu are yung, yu may never yu run after tw hares, yu will catch yu want smething yu’ve never had, then yu’ve t d smething yu’ve never dne.
    1. When the cat is away, the mice will play.2. The car will find its way rund the hill when it gets there.3. When the well is full, it will run ver.4. Let’s crss the bridge when we cme t.5. When in Rme, d as the Rmans d.6. Never hit a man when he is dwn. 7. All time is n time when it is past.
    1. I can because I think I can!2. Dn't cry because it is ver, smile because it happened. 3. Gd things are happening because gd peple are making them happen.4. If I have seen farther than thers, it is because l was standing n the shulders f giants.5. Never buy what yu d nt want because it is cheap; It will be dear t yu.
    1. Nthing is difficult t the man wh will try.2. He wh makes n mistakes makes nthing.3. He wh desn’t reach the Great Wall is nt a true man.4. The man wh has made up his mind t win never say “impssible”.5. Thse wh make mst peple happy are the happiest in the wrld.
    There is n smke withut fire.Where there is a will, there is a way.There is n place like hme.There are tw sides t every questin.There is n pleasure withut pain.
    过名人名言、谚语、格言学语法
    1. If yu haven’t been t the Great Wall, yu are nt a real has taught me t think, but thinking has nt taught me t live. 3. Winter has already cme, will it still be far in spring?4. Add legs t the snake after yu have finished drawing it.5. We never knw the lve f ur parents until we have becme parents urselves.
    1. Rme is nt built in a day.2. A friend is never knwn till a man has need.3. Time past cannt be called back again.4. Lst time is never fund again.5. The finest diamnd must be cut.6. A tree is knwn by its fruit. A bird is knwn by its nte, and a man by his talk. 7. Life is half spent befre we knw what it is.8. Experience must be bught.9. Dn't put ff till tmrrw what shuld be dne tday.
    1. Never say die.2. Never say never, all things are pssible.3. Never d things by halves.4. Never put ff till tmrrw what yu can d tday. 5. Never truble trubles till truble trubles yu.6. Never fry a fish till it's caught.
    1. Speak f angels,and yu’ll hear their wings.2. Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 3. Respect yurself,r n ne else will respect yu. 4. Keep a thing seven years and yu will find a use fr it.5. Take care f the pence and the punds will take care f themselves.6. Give a fl rpe enugh,and he’ll hang himself. 
    1. T say is ne thing and t d is anther. 2. T knw everything is t knw nthing. 3. T be strng is t be happy. 4. T ask well is t knw much. 5. T save time is t lengthen life. 6. T prevent is better than t cure. 7. T live withut lving is nt really t live.8. T stand still is t mve back.9. T see ne time is better than t hear a hundred times.
    1. It’s better t give than t take.2. It is hard t please all. 3. It is never t ld t learn. 4. It's never t late t mend.5. It is easier t fall than t rise.6. It is easy t pen a shp but hard t keep it always pen.7. It is much mre difficult t judge neself than t judge thers.
    1. Seeing is believing.2. Saving is getting.3. Ding is better than saying. 4. Saying and ding are tw different things. 5. Talking mends n hles. 6. Living withut an aim is like sailing withut a cmpass. 7. A gd beginning makes a gd ending.  \8. Ding everything is ding nthing.
    Simple Present Tense He is a by.  He likes his ty.  She is a waitress, but she wishes t be an actress. It is a bug.  It wants my hug.  They are mine.  They usually stand in line. I am a ck.  I ften drink milk.  We are nice.  We lve t eat rice. Yu are late, but dn’t frget yur date.
    While Mr. Ca Was Teaching While Mr. Ca was teaching, he was sleeping. While Mr. Ca was teaching, she was dreaming. While Mr. Ca was teaching, it was barking. While Mr. Ca was teaching, they were dancing. While Mr. Ca was teaching, I was crying. While Mr. Ca was teaching, we were laughing. While Mr. Ca was teaching, yu were singing.
    He used t cry. He wuld cry till his tears were dry. She used t smile. She wuld smile a mile. It used t bite. It wuld bite and fight. They used t hike. They wuld hike and bike. I used t be silly. I wuld be silly when I saw Lily. We used t play. We wuld play in the hay. Yu used t sleep. Yu wuld sleep in the jeep.
    When the Sky Fell Dwn When the sky fell dwn, he was sleeping. When the sky fell dwn, she was dreaming. When the sky fell dwn, it was barking. When the sky fell dwn, they were dancing. When the sky fell dwn, I was crying. When the sky fell dwn, we were laughing. When the sky fell dwn, yu were singing.
    He has been five. He has been five. He has hidden in the hive. She has been six. She has gt the ty t fix. It has been seven. It has gne t heaven. They have been eight. They have arrived at the gate. I have been nine. I have std in line. We have been ten. We have eaten the hen. Yu have been eleven. Yu have knwn hw t use an ven.
    What is petry? Wh knws Nt a rse, but the scent f the rse. Nt the sky, but the light f the sky. Nt the fly, but the gleam f the fly. Nt the sea, but the sund f sea . Nt myself, but what makes me . See ,hear and feel smething that prse Cannt: and what it is wh knws. ---泰戈尔
    Because f yu my wrld is nw whle, Because f yu lve lives in my sul. Because f yu I have laughter in my eyes, Because f yu I am n lnger afraid f gd-byes.
    I wnder what the wind is saying. I wnder where the clud is. I wnder why it rains. I wnder what’s in the sea. I wnder hw the birds fly. I wnder hw the fish breathe. I wnder hw the flwers grw. I wnder why the wrld is s magic.
    Yu say that yu lve rain
    Yu say that yu lve rain, but yu pen yur umbrella when it rains. Yu say that yu lve the sun, but yu find a shadw spt when the sun shines. Yu say that yu lve the wind, but yu clse yur windws when wind blws. This is why I am afraid, because yu say that yu lve me t. ---William Shakespeare
    你说你喜欢雨,但是下雨的时候你却撑开了伞; 你说你喜欢阳光,但当阳光播撒的时候,你你却躲在阴凉之地; 你说你喜欢风,但清风扑面的时候,你却关上了窗户。 我害怕你对我也是如此之爱。
    你说烟雨微芒,兰亭远望; 后来轻揽婆娑,深遮霓裳。 你说春光烂漫,绿袖红香; 后来内掩西楼,静立卿旁。 你说软风轻拂,醉卧思量; 后来紧掩门窗,漫帐成殇。 你说情丝柔肠,如何相忘; 我却眼波微转,兀自成霜。
    子言慕雨,启伞避之。 子言好阳,寻荫拒之。 子言喜风,阖户离之。 子言偕老,吾所畏之。
    I'm sitting here in the bring rm It's just anther rainy Sunday afternn I'm wasting my time, I gt nthing t d I'm hanging arund, I'm waiting fr yu But nthing ever happens, and I wnder I'm driving arund in my car I'm driving t fast, I'm driving t far…
    If yu're happy and yu knw it, Clap yur hands If yu're happy and yu knw it, Clap yur hands If yu're happy and yu knw it, Then yur face will surely shw it If yu're happy and yu knw it, Clap yur hands. …
    学习语法是为了提高学生综合语言运用能力。千万不要teach grammar fr grammar。我们要把语言作为载体,在学习语言的同时,获得语法信息。我们可以精选含有语法内容的典型英语短文,在理解短文的基础上,再探究语法规则或复习巩固已学过的语法规则。
    死教书把活人教死,活教书把死书教活。 世上没有包治百病的灵丹妙药,没有最优教学法。 一种教学法是一把钥匙,各种教学法有一把总钥匙,它的名字叫做“活”。 多种教法最佳结合,八仙过海,各显其能,博采众家之长,走自己的路。
    T grw is t change, and t becme perfect, is t change many times. Cardinal Newman
    1.我每天的身体有没有进步!2.我每天的学问有没有进步!3.我每天的工作有没有进步!4.我每天的道德有没有进步! (陶行知:每天四问)
    预祝各位老师身体健康、学习进步,工作愉快,教学取得优异成绩。

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