高三高考英语《阅读理解-推理判断》导学案

这是一份高三高考英语《阅读理解-推理判断》导学案，共10页。
注意事项：
1、吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示。
2、注意作者遣词造句的特点，弄清词的含蓄含义。
3、时刻提醒自己作者想让我们推断什么，要忠于原文，不可臆断，凭空想象。
4、利用文章中明确表示的内容，进行推理，挖掘作者在文章中的隐含意义。
5. 不可直接选取文中的原句。
题目设计形式一般有:
1. We can infer/assume frm this passage/paragraph___
2. The stry suggests/implies that .
3. The writer f this passage intends t .
4. The writer’s purpse f writing the passage is t .
5. The passage is prbably taken frm a .
6. The writer f the passage cnsiders it .
7. Which f the fllwing best describes the character f .
8. What wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
9. The writer’s attitude tward is .
探析一：细节推断题
要求根据语篇关系抓住关键信息词，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、具体信息等。
（A）
I was blind, but I was ashamed f it if it was knwn. I refused t use a white stick and hated asking fr help. After all, I was a teenage girl, and I culdn’t bear peple t lk at me and think I was nt like them. I must have been a terrible danger n the rads. Cming acrss me wandering thrugh the traffic, mtrists prbably wuld have t step rapidly n their brakes. Apart frm that, there were all srts f disasters that used t ccur n the way t and frm wrk.
One evening, I gt ff the bus abut halfway hme where I had t change buses, and as usual I ran int smething. “I’m awfully srry,” I said and stepped frward nly t run int it again. When it happened a third time, I realized I had been aplgizing t a lamppst. This was just ne f the stupid things that cnstantly happened t me. S I carried n and fund the bus stp, which was a request stp, where the bus wuldn’t stp, unless passengers want t get n r ff. N ne else was there and I had t try t guess if the bus had arrived.
Generally in this situatin, because I hated shwing I was blind by asking fr help, I tried t guess at the sund. Smetimes I wuld stp a big lrry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. In the end, I usually managed t swallw my pride and ask smene at the stp fr help.
But n this particular evening n ne jined me at the stp: It seemed that everyne had suddenly decided nt t travel by bus. Of curse I heard plenty f buses pass, r I thught I did. But because I had given up stpping them fr fear f making a fl f myself, I let them all g by. I std there alne fr half an hur withut stpping ne. Then I gave up. I decided t walk n t the next stp.
The girl refused t ask fr help because she thught______.
A. she might be recgnized
B. asking fr help lked silly
C. she was nrmal and independent
D. being fund blind was embarrassing
What was the prblem with guessing at the sund t stp a bus?
Other vehicles als stpped there
It was unreliable fr making judgments.
Mre lrries than buses respnded t the girl.
It tk t much time fr the girl t catch the bus.
Finally the girl decided t walk t the next stp, hping_____.
t find peple there
t find mre bused there
t find the bus by herself there
t find peple mre helpful there
（B）
In many cuntries the standard f living enjyed by their peple had increased rapidly in recent years. Sadly, nt everyne in these cuntries is s frtunate and many peple in rich cuntries are hmeless.
The reasns fr hmelessness are varius, but pverty is undubtedly ne f the main causes. The hmeless peple may have becme jbless and then been unable t pay their rent and s n lnger have a rf ver their heads. Often, the fact that unemplyed peple get help frm the gvernment prevents this frm happening, but nt always.
Sme cynics(愤世嫉俗的人) declare that hmeless peple chse t live the life which they lead. But wh wuld willingly chse t live in a shp drway, under a bridge r in a cardbard bx?
4. It can be inferred frm the text that .
A. yu will nt find hmeless peple in cuntries with a high standard f living
B. the mental ill live n the street because they want the cmpany f ther hmeless peple
C. the unemplyed wh receive help may still be amng the hmeless
D. the hmeless are willing t live under a bridge r in a cardbard bx
（C）
Befre the widespread use f cmputers, managers culd nt make full use f large amunts f valuable infrmatin abut a cmpany’s activities. Tday, managers are facing a wide range f data prcessing and infrmatin instruments. ··· The infrmatin prvided by these systems helps managers cmpare standards with actual results, find ut prblems, and take crrective actin befre it is t late t make changes.
···
One research fund that business firms were mre successful in teaching basic infrmatin abut cmputers t business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects t cmputer science graduates.
5. All f fllwing statements are true EXCEPT that .
A. cmputer is a great help fr business management
B. With the help f cmputers, cmpany managers are nw mre infrmed f what’s ging n in their cmpanies.
C. cmputerized infrmatin enables managers t take timely measures t prevent pssible mistakes.
D. cmputer science graduates are quick t learn business subjects because f their prfessinal knwledge abut cmputers.
(D)
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6. The Brightn Cmedy Festival is mentined mainly t shw big events may______.
A. help travelers pass time
B. attract lts f travelers t the UK
C. allw travelers t make flexible plans
D. cause travelers t pay mre fr accmmdatin
在做细节推理判断题时应注意：__________________________
______________________________________________________
探析二：态度观点判断题
主要考察作者的态度、观点，此问题有一定难度。推断过程中须注意文章作者的措辞。常见的表示态度的词语有:_________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
(A)
Inside the pleasingly fragrant café, S All May Eat(SAME) in dwntwn Denver, the spirit f genersity is instantly nticeable: Custmers here pay nly what they can affrd, n questins asked.
A risky business plan, perhaps, but SAME Café has dne ne unchangeable thing in the Mile High City fr six years: Open nly at midday, the restaurant prvides pr lcal peple with healthy, delicius lunches six days a week. Thse unable t pay fr their meals can instead vlunteer as waiters and waitresses, and dishwashers, r lk after the buildings and equipment fr the café.
“It’s based n trust, and it’s wrking all right,” says c-wner Brad Birky, wh started the café in 2006 with his wife Libby. Previusly vlunteering at sup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the ften unhealthy meals they served there.
“We wanted t ffer quality fd in a restaurant where everyne felt cmfrtable, regardless f their circumstances,” Birky says. SAME’s special lunch menu changes daily and mst fd materials are natural and grwn by lcal farmers.
The café nw averages 65t 70 custmers a day. And the spirit f genersity behind the prject appears t be spreading. In early 2007, ne vlunteer wh had cleared snw fr his meals during the lng winter said gdbye t the Birkys. “He said he was ging t New Orleans t help with the hurricane cleanup,” says Birky.
The authr’s attitude twards running such a café is ______.
unfavrable B. apprving C. dubtful D. cautius
(B)
It happened t me recently. I was telling smene hw much I had enjyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams Frm My Father and hw it had changed my views f ur President. A friend I was talking t agreed with me that it was, in his wrds, “a brilliantly written bk”. Hwever, he then went n t talk abut Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had n idea f his backgrund at all. I sensed that I was talking t a bk liar.
And it seems that my friend is nt the nly ne. Apprximately tw thirds f peple have lied abut reading bk which they haven’t. In the Wrld Bk Day’s “Reprt n Guilty Secrets”, Dreams Frm My Father is at number9. The reprt lists ten bks, and varius authrs, which peple have lied abut reading , and as I’m nt ne t lie t ften (I’d hate t be caught ut), I’ll admit here and nw that I haven’t read the entire tp ten. But I am pleased t say that, unlike 42percent f peple, I have read the bk at number ne, Gerge Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s really brilliant.
The Wrld Bk Day reprt says that many peple lie abut having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fydr Dstevsky and Herman Melville.
Asked why they lied, the mst cmmn reasn was t “impress” smene they were speaking t. This culd be tricky if the cnversatin became mre in-depth!
But when asked which authrs they actually enjy, peple named J. K. Rwling, Jhn Grisham, Sphie Kinsella (ah, the big seller, in ther wrds). Frty-tw percent f peple asked admitted they turned t the back f the bk t read the end befre finishing the stry (I’ll cme clean: I d this and am astnished that 58 percent said they had never dne s).
2. What is the authr’s attitude t 58% f readers?
A. Favrable B. Uncaring. C. Dubtful D. Friendly
(C)
Abut 30 years ag, I left Cuba fr the United States with my sn. After getting settled finally in New Jersey, I enrlled(注册)my sn in kindergarten. Several weeks later, my sn’s teacher asked me t meet him at his ffice.
In the teacher’s ffice, an exchange f greetings was fllwed by his questins: ”Is yur sn mentally retarded(弱智的)? Des he suffer frm any kind f mental disability?” I asked him why he was asking me all these questins. My sn culd nt fllw the teacher’s directins, he tld me, and thus, Scla was disrupting the class. Didn’t he knw my sn did nt speak English yet?
The teacher was angry: “Why hasn’t yur sn been taught t speak English? Dn’t yu speak English at hme?”
N, I didn’t speak English at hme, I replied. I was sure my sn wuld learn English in a cuple f mnths, and I didn’t want him t frget his native language. Well, wrng answer! What kind f persn wuld nt speak in English t her sn at hme and at all times? “Are yu ne f thse peple wh cme t his cuntry t save dllars and send them back t their cuntry, never wanting t be a part f this sciety?”
Needless t say, I tried t tell him I was nt ne f “thse peple “. Then he tld me the meeting was ver, and I left.
As I had expected, my sn learned t speak English fluently befre the schl year was ver. He went n t graduate frm cllege and gt a jb, earning clse t six figures. He travels widely and leads a well-adjusted, cntented life. And he has benefited frm being bilingual(双语的)
Speaking mre than ne language allws peple t cmmunicate with thers; it teaches peple abut ther cultures and ther places—smething very basic and bviusly lacking in the “educatr” I met in New Jersey.
3. The authr’s twards being bilingual may best be described as _____.
A. critical B. casual C. psitive D. passive
(D)
Best Learning English, established in 2010, nw has 30 training centers and mre than 10,000 students acrss China. “We plan t expand t 100 training centers by 2015,” said its CEO Wang Ning.
The fast expansin f high-end children’s English educatin is a result f a mre glbal utlk amng China’s new generatin f parents.
“Yung Chinese parents care abut whether their children have an internatinal utlk,” said Zhang Yuanmeng, directr f China Research Center fr Children’s Industry. “The market fr high-end English educatin cmpanies is huge, as Chinese parents believe their children have t deal with cmpetitrs all ver the wrld when they grw up,” she said. And this is a sectr which is prving attractive t investrs. Best Learning English attracted 100 millin yuan in its first rund f financing in Octber.
Hwever, these cmpanies still need t vercme a number f prblems if they want t ensure their further grwth.
“Human resurce management is the primary prblem fr grwing English educatin cmpanies,” said Zhang. “The business requires high-quality teachers, nt nly with language skills, but als teaching skills and an understanding f Western culture. The lack f teachers in big cities is mre bvius, since the market is larger there,” she added. “but the gd news is that Chinese educatin cmpanies are recruiting（招募） mre teachers frm English-speaking cuntries wh are lking fr wrk due t the ecnmic crisis in the West.
What’s Zhang Yuanmeng’s attitude t the further grwth f English educatin cmpanies?
A. Wrried B. Optimistic C. Negative. D. Uncncerned.
探析三：写作意图题
有些文章写作目的比较明确，如议论文、说明文，此类题应关注主题句。有些让读者去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文或夹叙夹议文章中，此类文章通常先叙述，然后发表自己的看法。因此议论部分蕴含的作者的写作意图。
（2007年全国卷ⅡB篇）
If all the students in a class tried ut fr basketball, sme wuld be very gd players; thers wuld be very pr; and many wuld be in between. But even the very pr players can becme much better players if they are guided in the right way, and with plenty f practice. It is the same with reading.
Q: With the example f basketball players, the authr shws .
A. why certain peple are pr readers.
B. that there are differences in peple’s abilities
C. why sme peple are gd basketball players
D. That gd basketball players can be gd readers
探析四：深层推理题
做此类题不能仅仅透彻的理解一句话，而且要注意它与整篇的联系，以及上下文之间的关系。
（2007年全国卷ⅠE篇）
Tday abut 70 cuntries use Daylight Saving Time (DST). Daylight Saving was first intrduced during Wrld War I in Australia. During the wrld wars, DST was used fr the late summers beginning January 1917 and 1942, and the full summers beginning September 1942 and 1943.
The differences in daylight saving in Australia cntinue t cause serius prblems in transprt and many ther scial activities. It als reduces the number f hurs in the wrking day that are cmmn t all centers in the cuntry. In particular, time differences alng the east cast cause majr difficulties, especially fr the bradcasters f natinal radi and televisin.
Q: What d we knw abut the use f DST frm the last paragraph?
A. There exist sme undesirable effects.
B. It helps little t save energy.
C. It brings abut lnger wrking days.
D. Radi and TV prgrams becme different.
探析五：逻辑结论题
严格根据文中陈述的事实、论点和论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。此类题多出现在说明文和议论文中.
典例：Several different bisn species have lived n the Nrth American cntinent since the Ice Age; tday nly tw exist. The wd bisn is the larger f the tw, and is nw fund mstly in western Canada. Better knwn in the United States is the Plains bisn, r buffal. At ne time, herds f these animals culd be sighted almst everywhere frm the Appalachian Muntains in the East t the Rcky Muntains in the West.
Q: The authr implies that several types f bisn .
A. live utside the United States and Canada.
B. are well adapted t swampy terrain
C. existed befre the Ice Age
D. have been killed r have died ut
探析六：文章的题材或出处
此类题目主要针对文体内容较为复杂的文章，做题时注意文章的整体特点或主体内容。典例：2007重庆卷B
Our excellent activities create persnalized memries f yur child’s vacatin. Each child will receive a camp T-shirt and a pht album (usually 300-500 pictures) f their stay at camp.
Our camp are ffered during June, July and August 2007, fr small grups f girls aged 13-16 years, nt nly frm Canada but als ther parts f the wrld.
Q: The passage is written mainly fr .
A. Hrse riders B. teenage girls
C. Canadian parents D. internatinal travelers
探析七：预测推断题
要求根据语境对可能出现的结局或下段可能涉及的内容进行预测、推理。此类题目应把握作者的写作思想，做出科学的预测。
Cmpleting a cllege applicatin can take sme time. But answering all the questins is nt enugh. Anther imprtant step is taking admissins tests. The SAT is the cllege entry test that American high schl students mst cmmnly take. Anther ne is the ACT.
Clleges and universities may als require internatinal students t take the TOEFL (the Test f English as a Freign Language).
If yu have a general questin fr ur Freign Student Series, write t special@vanews. cm.
Q: What will the authr mst prbably talk abut next?
A. SAT. B. ACT. C. FSS. D. TOEFL.
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