人教版高考英语语法：特殊句式》练习

这是一份人教版高考英语语法：特殊句式》练习，共10页。试卷主要包含了强调句，It的用法，省略，插入语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

（一）强调句句型
1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ wh（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ wh + 其它部分？
e.g. When and where was it that yu were brn?
4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway statin yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语：It was I that (wh) met Li Ming at the railway statin yesterday.
强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway statin yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was at the railway statin that I met Li Ming yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway statin.
5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, wh，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, wh不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was … ，其余的时态用It is … 。
（二）nt … until … 句型的强调句
1、句型为：It is/ was nt until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分
e.g. 普通句：He didn’t g t bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was nt until his wife came back that he went t bed.
2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was nt … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
（三）谓语动词的强调
1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词d/ des或did。
e.g. D sit dwn. 务必请坐。
He did write t yu last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
D be careful when yu crss the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
2、注意：此种强调只用d/ des和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。
二、It的用法
（一）作人称代词
1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。
e.g. Yu cannt eat yur cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）
Althugh we cannt see it, there is air all arund us. （it代替后面的air）
They say he has left twn, but I dn’t believe it. （it代替前面They…twn分句中的情况）
2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。
e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （it代替前面的tree）
The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）
3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。
e.g. ---- Smene is kncking at the dr, Peter.---- Wh is it?---- It’s me.
---- Wh are singing?---- It is the children.
---- The light is still n in the lab. It must be the third-year students ding the experiment.
4、it与ne的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；ne则用于同名异物的场合。
e.g. ---- D yu still have the bicycle?---- N, I have sld it.
---- Is this knife yurs?---- N. It is Xia Zhang’s. Mine is the ne n the desk.
5、it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个。
e.g. The climate f Suth China is mild（温和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate f Suth China）
The climate f Suth China is much better than that f Japan.（that指the climate）
（二）作无人称代词
it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。
It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).
It is nn.
It is a half hur’s walk t the factry.
It is eighteen square metres in area.
What des it matter?
（三）作强调词，构成强调结构
用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。“It is (was) + 所强调的成分 + that (wh) + 其它成分。”在这个句型中，it本身没有词义。详见“一、强调句”。
（四）引导词it作形式主语（宾语）
为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it ，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。通常引导词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。
e.g. It takes half an hur t g there n ft.（It与t g there n ft之间夹有takes half an hur四个词）
We thught it strange that Mr Smith did nt cme last night. （it与that从句中间夹有 strange）
但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。
e.g. Yu may depend n it that they will supprt yu.（因为介词n之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。注意：it不是多余的，不能当作错句）
练习一、强调句、It的用法
1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.
A. neB. nesC. itD. that
2. ---- Wh’s that?---- ____ Prfessr Li.
A. That’s B. It’sC. He’sD. This’s
3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this mrning.
A. ItB. HeC. SheD. That
4. ---- Have yu ever seen a whale alive?---- Yes, I’ve seen ____.
A. that B. itC. suchD. ne[来源:学&科&网]
5. The clr f my cat is different frm ____ f yurs.
A. thisB. thatC. itD. ne
6. ____ will d yu gd t d sme exercise every mrning.
A. ItB. ThereC. ThseD. Yu
7. We think ____ ur duty t pay taxes t ur gvernment.
A. thatB. thisC. itsD. it
8. The climate f Shanghai is better than ____ f Nanjing.
A. thatB. itC. whichD. what
9. ____ fur years since I jined the Army.
A. There wasB. There isC. It wasD. It is
10. Hw lng ____ t finish the wrk?
A. yu’ll takeB. yu’ll take itC. will it take yuD. will take yu
11. It was thrugh Xia Li ____ I gt t knw Xia Wang.
A. whB. whmC. hwD. that
12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had ur league meeting.
A. whereB. thatC. in whichD. n which
13. It was n Octber 1st ____ new China was funded.
A. whichB. whenC. asD. that
14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked fr leave?
A. andB. thatC. that’s D. s
15. Mary speaks in a lw vice; ____ is difficult t knw what she is saying.
A. itB. thatC. sD. she
16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.
A. many years thatB. many years befreC. many years ag thatD. many years when
17. ____ is nt everybdy ____ can draw s well.
A. It, allB. It, that C. There, whD. There, that
18. S ____ that n fish can live in it.
A. shallw is the lakeB. the lake is shallwC. shallw the lake isD. is the lake shallw
三、省略
为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：
（一）简单句中的省略
1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。
e.g. (I) Thank yu fr yur help.（括号内为省略的词语，下同）
(I) see yu tmrrw.(It) Desn’t matter.
2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。
e.g. (There is) N smking.(Is there) Anything wrng?Why (d yu) nt say hell t him?
3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留t。
e.g. ---- Are yu ging there?---- I’d like t (g there).
He did nt give me the chance, thugh he had prmised t (give me the chance).
注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在t之后加上be或have。
e.g. ---- Are yu an engineer?---- N, but I want t be.
---- He hasn’t finished the task yet. ---- Well, he ught t have.
4、省略表语。
e.g. ---- Are yu thirsty?---- Yes, I am (thirsty).
5、同时省略几个成分。
e.g. Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.
---- Have yu finished yur wrk?---- (I have) Nt (finished my wrk) yet.
（二）并列句中的省略
两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
e.g. My father is a dctr and my mther (is) a nurse.
I study at cllege and my sister (studies) at high schl.
（三）主从复合句中的省略
1、主句中有一些成分被省略。
e.g. (I’m) Srry t hear that yu are ill.
(It is a) Pity that he missed such a gd chance.
2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用s或nt（切不可用it或that）代替。
e.g. ---- Is he cming back tnight?---- I think s.
---- Is he feeling better tday?---- I’m afraid nt.
这种用法常见的有：Hw s? Why s? Is that s? I hpe s. He said s 及I suppse nt. I believed nt. I hpe nt等。（但I dn’t think s比I think nt更常用）。
（四）其它省略
1、连词that的省略：
①、宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况（参看“名词性从句”等有关部分）。
②、在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略。
③、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。
2、不定式符号t的省略
①、并列的不定式可省去后面的t。
e.g. I tld him t sit dwn and wait fr a mment.
②、某些使役动词（如let, make, have）及感官动词（如see, watch, ntice, hear, feel, lk at和listen t等）后面作宾语补足的不定式一定要省去t，但在被动语态中须把t复原。
e.g. ---- I saw the by fall frm the tree.---- The by was seen t fall frm the tree.
③、介词but前若有动词d，后面的不定式不带t。
e.g. The by did nthing but play.
3、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可省去“主语 + be”部分。（参看“状语从句”有关部分）
4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化（参见“倒装句”有关部分）
5、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。
e.g. The sner (yu d it), the better (it will be).
四、插入语
英语句子中（尤其在口语中）常插入一些单词、短语或者句子，用来补充某些含义。语法上称他们为“插入语”。
（一）插入语的类型：
1、单词（多是副词），如：besides, hwever, therwise, therefre, thugh等。
e.g. She is lking fit, thugh. 他看起来倒是健康。
I can, hwever, discuss this when I see yu.
2、短语
e.g. China and India, fr example, are neighburs.
By the way, where are yu frm?
3、句子
e.g. He is an hnest man, I believe.
Jack, as far as I knw, isn’t clever.
（二）插入语的位置
通常插入语位于句中，并用逗号隔开。但有时，也可位于句首或句末（见上面例句）。也有时，并不用逗号隔开。
e.g. Yu knw that I think yu are wrng. 我认为，你明白你错了。
What n earth d yu mean? 你究竟是什么意思？
（三）插入语在句中的作用
一般来说，插入语在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入语抽去，句子的含义不大受影响。但是，有的插入语却是句子不可缺少的一部分。
e.g. He gt the news frm nbdy knws where. 他这消息谁也不知道是从哪儿得来的。
（四）插入语的特殊用法
下面这种复杂的特殊疑问句，也可认为包含有“插入语”。这种疑问句（有的语法书也称为“混合疑问句”或“连锁疑问句”）常用来征询对方对某一疑问点的看法、判断、认识、猜度或请求对方重复一遍说过的话。口语中出现频率极高。常用动词有say, suppse, guess, believe, cnsider, think, imagine 等。
e.g. Hw lng did yu say she wuld stay here?
When d yu suppse they’ll be back?
Hw ld did yu think she was
（五）大纲中要求掌握的常用作插入语的词语
by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下；s far 到目前为止；and s n 等等；n the cntrary 相反； n wnder 不足为奇；as a matter f fact 事实上；cme alng 快点，来吧；in ther wrds 换句话说；as usual 如同以往；as a result 因此，结果。
练习二、省略和插入语
1. ---- Wn’t yu have anther try?---- ____.
A. Yes, I willB. Yes, I wn’t C. Yes, I will haveD. Yes, I wn’t have
2. ---- I wn’t d it any mre.---- ____?
A. Why dn’t B. Why dn’t d it any mreC. Why ntD. Why nt d
3. ---- D yu think it will snw tmrrw?---- ____.
A. N, I dn’t thinkB. I dn’t thinkC. N, I dn’t sD. I dn’t think s
4. ---- Will he fail in the exam?---- ____.
A. Dn’t hpe tB. Let’s hpe ntC. Nt hpe sD. Let’s hpe nt t
5. ____ usual, I have frgtten smething.
A. AsB. As it isC. It’sD. That is
6. ____ she a man, she might be elected president.
A. IfB. UnlessC. WasD. Were
7. ____ I had time, I wuld have played it again.
A. If B. UnlessC. HadD. When
8. ____ it rain tmrrw, I’d stay at hme.
A. Shuld B. WuldC. WhenD. If
9. I like sprts and ____ my brther.
A. sB. s desC. s isD. s likes
10. Francis, ____ brn in Kentucky, lived and practised law in Missuri.
A. wasB. He wasC. wh isD. althugh
11. ---- Aren’t yu the manager?---- N, and I ____.
A. dn’t wantB. dn’t want tC. dn’t want t beD. dn’t
12. ---- Have yu fed the dg?---- N, but ____.
A. I amB. I’m just ging tC. I’mD. I’m just ging
13. Yur perfrmance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard（标准） — ____, yu failed.
A. in the endB. after allC. in ther wrdsD. at the same time
14. Hw lng ____ she wuld stay here?
A. did she say B. she saidC. didD. /
15. ____ culd d such thing?
A. Whm d yu thinkB. Wh d yu thinkC. D yu think whmD. Did yu think wh
练习三、综合训练
1. Jhn was ill. Have yu heard abut ____?
A. thisB. heC. itD. the ne
2. Hurry up! ____ getting darker and darker.
A. The sky isB. It’s C. Weather isD. Time is
3. It’s the third time ____ I have been here.
A. thatB. whenC. afterD. wh
4. It was simply fr that reasn ____ I wuldn’t tell him the truth.
A. whyB. whichC. sD. that
5. Was it in the place ____ the last emperr died?
A. whereB. thatC. whichD. in which
6. ____ is n difference between A and B.
A. It B. WhereC. ThereD. What
7. It ____ Mike and Mary wh helped the ld man several days ag.
A. wasB. wereC. areD. had been
8. He said, “ ____ a lng way t schl. ____ a lng way t g yet befre we arrive.”
A. It is, It isB. There is, There isC. There is, It isD. It is, There is
9. I dn’t like ____ yu speak t her.
A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way whichD. the way f which
10. If yu g t Xi’an, yu’ll find the palaces there mre magnificent than cmmnly ____.
A. suppsingB. suppseC. t suppseD. suppsed
11. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an internatinal language.
A. There B. ThisC. ThatD. It
12. It was abut 600 years ag ____ the first clck with a face and an hur hand was made.
A. thatB. untilC. befreD. when
13. It was nt until 1920 ____ regular radi bradcast began.
A. whileB. whichC. thatD. since
14. ---- D yu mind my taking this seat? ---- ____.A. Yes, sit dwn pleaseB. N, f curse ntC. Yes, take it pleaseD. N, yu can’t take it
15. ---- I’ll be away n a business trip. Wuld yu mind lking after my cat? --- Nt at all. ____.
A. I’ve n timeB. I’d rather ntC. I’d like itD. I’d be happy t
16. The by wanted t ride his bicycle in the street, but his mther tld him _____.
A. nt tB. nt t dC. nt d itD. d nt t
17. It was nt until she came t see us ____ her mther was ill in bed.
A. when we knewB. that did we knewC. that we knewD. that did we knw
18. ---- This stre has such high prices.---- I agree. Never again ____ here.
A. I will shpB. will I shpC. I d shpD. shp I
19. ____ was his kindness that everyne praised him.
A. ItB. WhatC. SD. Such
20. ____, he wuld have passed the exam.
A. If he were t study B. If he studied hard C. Had he studied hard D. Shuld he study hard
21. ---- David has made great prgress recently.---- ____, and ____.A. S he has, s have yuB. S he has, s yu have C. S has he, s have yuD. S has he, s yu have
22. N sner ____ they rushed ut int the street.A. did they hear the news than
B. did they hear the news when C. had they heard the news than D. had they heard the news when
23. He was unable t make such prgress, ____.
A. hard as he triedB. as hard he triedC. hard he has triedD. tried hard as he
语法复习五：强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语
练习一、1~5 CBADB 6~10 ADADC 11~15 DBDBA 16~18 CBA
练习二、1~5 ACDBA 6~10 DCABD 11~15 CBCAB
练习三、1~5 CBADB 6~10 CADAD 11~15 DACBD 16~20 ACBDC 21~23 ACA

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